Unit1重点词汇短语讲练学案2024-2025学年译林版（2024）七年级英语上册

7AUnit1一、词汇辨析hobby/interest/interested/interesting 1. hobby n.业余爱好,就是你在闲暇时候喜欢做的事情。1).What is your favourite hobby?你特别喜欢的爱好是什么？2).As a hobby for fun on a Saturday afternoon instead of flying a kite?作为一种爱好在周六下午 玩而不是去放风筝吗?2. interest n. "感兴趣的事物或人"、"乐趣,趣味性"、"股份,股权"、"利益,利害关系"等。"interest"既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，具体取决于它所表示的意义。不可数名词1).当"interest"表示"兴趣", "关注", "爱好"等抽象概念时，它是一个不可数名词。如：He has a particular interest in Italian art.（他对意大利艺术有着特殊的兴趣。）Local color added interest to the novel.2).当"interest"表示"利息"时，它也是一个不可数名词。如：You will repay the money with interest, as agreed in the contract.（你将按照合同中的约定支付利息。）I borrowed the money at 5% interest.3).当"interest"表示"重要性", "影响"等抽象概念时，它也是一个不可数名词。如：Her interest with him is considerable.（她对他的兴趣相当大。）可数名词1).当"interest"表示具体的"感兴趣的事物或人"时，它是一个可数名词。如：His two great interests in life are music and painting.（他生活中的两大兴趣是音乐和绘画。）2).当"interest"表示"股份", "股权","利益,利害关系"等具体概念时，它也是一个可数名词。如：He has an interest in the company.（他在这家公司拥有股份。）All he cares about is protecting his own interests. He always puts the interests of the people before his own.总的来说，当"interest"表示"乐趣,趣味性"、"利润,福利, 利息"时为不可数名词；当"interest"表示"感兴趣的事物或人"、"股份,股权"、"利益,利害关系"时为可数名词。3.interesting有兴趣的 -ing形容词表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物。如：There are many interesting places in Beijing.在北京有很多有趣的地方。4.interested 感兴趣的 -ed形容词表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受，一般修饰人。如：I'm interested in what he says.我对他所说的话感兴趣。 pretty/beautiful/lovely/cute/smart/nice1.pretty俊俏之美。只是外表美,类似“看着顺眼、感觉顺心”的感觉；pretty适合用在清纯美女的身上；如：She's a very charming and very pretty girl.她是一个非常迷人、非常漂亮的姑娘。2.beautiful高贵之美。可指外表美和心灵美,侧重于看起来美丽、精致动人；beautiful可以用在倾城美女的身上；；如： She was even more beautiful than I had remembered. 她比我记忆中的她更漂亮了。3.lovely可爱之美。是可爱，惹人怜爱的，比较正式。如：Amy is a lovely girl with long hair.4.cute可爱之美。是可爱，惹人怜爱的，比较随意，口语化，强调对方精灵古怪、小巧可爱；cute能用在年幼可爱小女孩的身上；如：Millie likes the cute girl with glasses.5.smart聪慧之美。是时髦的，俏的。如：Daniel is very smart.6.nice美好的。整体很好，包括性格之类的。如：The teacher is very nice to her students.stay/keepstay/keep 表示“保持”的区别：stay和keep在表示“保持”这个含义时,后边常和形容词搭配使用。区别在于：stay指 “保持原有的状态”，如：保持积极的心态 stay positive；stay awake 保持清醒；保持年轻 stay young；keep则强调通过主动地做一件事来保持某种状态，如：keep fit. 健身；keep smiling 保持微笑。比较：Could you keep quiet, please?你能安静点吗？（用keep强调我们希望喧哗者能小点声、安静点，因为他已经打破了安静的氛围。）Could you stay quiet, please?（用stay说明对方原本就很安静，我们鼓励或要求他继续保持安静。）problem/question1.problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词 solve或settle（解决）搭配。而question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。试比较：　①The problem is difficult to be solved．这个问题很难解决。　②May I ask you some questions？我可以问你一些问题吗？2.problem可用于数学或物理的习题，而question却无此义。question可表示一件“与……有关的事”。试比较：　①Can you work out this maths problem？你能算出这道数学题吗？　②It's a question of money／time．这是一个与金钱／时间有关的问题。3.指需要讨论或解决的问题时，problem与question可以互换。如：　We are going to talk about several problems（questions）at the meeting．我们在会上要谈到一些问题。fun/funny1. fun n.开心,乐趣,好玩的事[UC] have fun doing sth. adj.有趣的,使人快乐的; 主要指“有趣，好玩”，不像funny那样强调“滑稽”。 如：Playing football is great fun.踢足球很有趣。This game looks fun! 这个游戏看来好玩!There are lots of fun things for young people to do here.这里有许多供年轻人玩乐的东西。It is more fun to go with someone than to go alone. 偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。2. funny adj. “有趣的，滑稽的”。funny表示“有趣的，滑稽的”，指的是一种滑稽可笑的“有趣”，侧重点是让人觉得好玩或发笑。如：　Tom looked so funny, we all roared.汤姆看上去那么滑稽，我们都哈哈大笑。　My funny drawings amused the kids.我的滑稽图画把孩子们逗乐了。It's funny to see a man walk with his hands and head. 看见一个人倒立走路很滑稽。单项选择1. Daniel likes to play ________ football before ________ lunch.A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：Daniel喜欢在午饭前踢足球。考查冠词。在英语中，“the”是定冠词，通常用于特指某个事物，而“/”是零冠词，则表示不需要使用冠词。play football表示“踢足球”；“before lunch”表示“午餐前”。在英语中，球类运动和三餐前不加定冠词“the”。故选D。2. —Is your name Peter? —________A. Yes, I am. B. I’m Peter. C. My name is Peter. D. Yes, it is.【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——你的名字是彼得吗？——是的。考查一般疑问句。Yes, I am是的，我是；I’m Peter我是彼得；My name is Peter我的名字是彼得；Yes, it is是的，它是。句子主语为“your name”，故回答时应用it指代，其肯定回答为“Yes, it is.”，故选D。3. —________ Susan ________ from the UK? —Yes, she ________.A. Is; come; is B. Does; come; does C. Is; comes; does D. Does; 不填; does【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——Susan来自英国吗？——是的，她是。考查一般疑问句。come from“来自”。第一空中有实义动词come from，需使用助动词Does构成疑问句；第二空用动词原形come，与助动词搭配使用；答语部分需重复助动词does以简明回答。故选B。4. The woman with long black hair is ________ teacher, and she teaches ________ Maths.A us; us B. our; our C. us; our D. our; us【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：这个长着黑色长发的女人是我们的老师，她教我们数学。考查人称代词和物主代词。第一空，根据“teacher”可知，此处指是我们的老师，需要使用物主代词；第二空，根据“she teaches”可知，她教我们，动词后用宾格。故选D。5. —________ does the girl go swimming every week? —Once a week.A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How many time【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——这个女孩每周多久去游泳一次？——每周一次。考查特殊疑问句。How often多久一次；How long多长时间；How many多少；How many time表述不正确。根据“Once a week.”可知，空处是对频率进行提问，用how often。故选A。6. The boy ________ a white T-shirt looks ________ .A. wearing; happily B. wears; happy C. in; happily D. in; happy【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：这个穿白色T恤的男孩看起来很开心。考查主系表结构。分析句子结构可知，本句是主系表结构，The boy作主语，looks作系动词，句子中已经有系动词，不能再使用实义动词，in a white T-shirt“穿白色T恤”介词短语作后置定语，系动词后加形容词作表语，happily“开心地”，副词，happy“开心的”，形容词。故选D。7. Everyone ________ more time on the new grammar.A. needs spending B. needs taking C. needs to spend D. needs to take【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：每个人都需要花费更多的时间来学习新的语法。考查need用法和动词辨析。spend花费（时间或者金钱）；take花费时间。need to do“需要做某事”；根据“on the new grammar”可知，spend time on sth. “在某事上花费时间”，是固定搭配。故选C。8. I don’t think fast food is good, so I ________ go to MacDonald.A. seldom B. always C. usually D. often【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：我认为快餐不好，所以我很少去麦当劳。考查频度副词。seldom很少；always总是；usually通常；often经常。根据“I don’t think fast food is good”可知，我觉得快餐不好，故应该是很少去吃。故选A。9. The film ________ China’s rich history and culture to people around the world.A. changes B. starts C. introduces D. enjoys【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：这部电影向世界各地的人们介绍了中国丰富的历史和文化。考查动词辨析。changes改变；starts开始；introduces介绍；enjoys喜欢。根据“China’s rich history and culture to people around the world”并结合选项可知，此处指介绍中国丰富的历史文化。故选C。10. We help the farmers pick apples ________ sunny days ________ the farm ________ autumn.A. on; on; in B. in; on; in C. on; at; on D. at; on; in【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：在秋天，我们在阳光明媚的日子在农场帮忙农民摘苹果。考查介词词义辨析。on在具体的某一天也可表示具体在某个地点；in用于表示某个季节；at在具体的某一时刻。第一空“在阳光明媚的日子”，表示天气状况用介词on；第二空“在农场上”，表示地点用介词on；第三空“在秋天”，季节前面用介词in。故选A。11. Sandy reads ________ books. She learns ________ from them about the world.A. a lot of; a lot B. lot of; a lot of C. a lot; a lot D. lots of; a lot of【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：桑迪读了很多书。她从它们那里学到了很多关于世界的知识。考查形容词短语和代词。a lot of很多，接不可数名词或复数名词；lot of错误表达；a lot很多，为副词短语或代词；lots of很多，接不可数名词或复数名词。结合“books”可知，这里是指很多书，所以第一空用“a lot of/lots of”，而结合“learns...from them”可知，这里是指学到很多，要填一个代词，所以这里要填“a lot”。故选A。12. —When did our school sports meeting ________? —On October 8.A. take part B. take apart C. take the place D. take place【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——我们学校的运动会是什么时候举行的？——在10月8号。考查动词短语。take part参加；take apart拆开；take the place代替；take place发生、举行。根据“our school sports meeting”可知，学校运动会是在某个时间“发生”或“举行”，用take place。故选D。13. You can’t eat an elephant all at once. Eat it one bite ________.A. on time B. at a time C. all the time D. at the same time【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你不可能立刻吃掉一头大象。每次咬一口。考查介词短语。on time准时；at a time依次，每次；all the time一直；at the same time同时。根据“You can’t eat an elephant all at once.”及语境可知是每次咬一口。故选B。14. —Do you have a good time ________ football with your father at the weekend? —No, he has no time ________ with me.A. to play; to play B. playing; to play C. to play; playing D. play; to play【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——你周末和你爸爸踢足球玩得开心吗？——不，他没有时间和我玩。考查非谓语动词。have a good time doing sth“做某事很愉快”，第一空填动名词。have no time to do sth“没有时间做某事”，第二空填不定式，故选B。15. —I’m going on a school trip next week. —________ .A. Yes, I’d like to. B. Wish you good luck!C. Let me see. D. Enjoy yourself!【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：—— 我下周要去参加学校旅行。—— 玩得开心点！考查情景交际。Yes, I’d like to我愿意；Wish you good luck祝你好运； Let me see让我看看；Enjoy yourself玩得开心。根据“I’m going on a school trip next week.”可知，当朋友说自己要去旅行时，应该祝福对方。故选D。完形填空It’s Sunday today. Jack doesn’t ___16___ go to school. But he is still ___17___. He has a music class in the morning and an art class in the afternoon. He is very ___18___ to take the classes. Music and art are his favorite ___19___. He thinks they are very interesting. Mr. Smith is Jack’s art teacher. He is good at ___20___. He is a good teacher. He ___21___very well. Jack learns a lot from him. And his ___22___ teacher is Cindy. She can sing well. They are his favorite teachers. Jack studies hard, and he ___23___ wants to let his two teachers down. The two teachers are ___24___ and always help Jack with his studies. Jack’s father wants Jack to be a ___25___ like him. But Jack doesn’t like the ___26___ as a doctor. Why? ___27___ he thinks being a doctor is too busy. He wants to be a musician (音乐家) , so he ___28___ different kinds of music. Now, he knows the music well. Jack ___29___ a busy life, but he is very happy. He says, “It is worth (值得) being busy ___30___ my dream.”16. A. stop B. run C. have to D. start17. A. busy B. strong C. hard D. great18. A. new B. different C. happy D. clean19. A. subjects B. pictures C. grades D. questions20. A. reading B. listening C. swimming D. drawing21. A. asks B. tells C. teaches D. shows22. A. computer B. music C. Chinese D. history23. A. often B. usually C. always D. never24. A. quiet B. tall C. friendly D. pretty25. A. teacher B. worker C. driver D. doctor26. A. job B. thing C. choice D. way27. A. So B. After C. But D. Because28. A. joins in B. looks after C. learns about D. cleans up29. A. lives B. meets C. opens D. knows30. A. from B. for C. to D. in【答案】16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B