中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）专题02 新型冠状病毒同步练习（含答案）

这是一份中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题+名校最新模拟题）专题02 新型冠状病毒同步练习（含答案），共20页。
（2022·湖南湘潭·中考真题）Liu Min is an English teacher. These days, her family are experiencing a different life f wrking and studying. They get up and d mrning exercises at 6:30 in the living rm. After breakfast, they start their wrk and study. Her husband turns n his cmputer in the study (书房), reading his e-mails and making a list f tday’s wrk. Befre Liu Min begins t give lessns nline, she makes sure her students, including her daughter, are all there.
Because f COVID-19, many peple are nw wrking and studying at hme like them, and they are called telecmmuters (居家办公者). When they are wrking at hme, they can fllw their wn plans and get cnnected with the wrkplaces thrugh the Internet.
Wrking at hme brings them smething gd. There is mre time than befre t cmmunicate with their family members. While wrking at hme, they can lk after their children, t. On the ther hand, they save mre time and mney withut traveling t wrk. It als helps prduce less pllutin and fewer traffic prblems. Hwever, the family still hpe they can cme back t their nrmal life.
Thanks t the Chinese gvernment, things are getting better nw. As a manager, the husband can talk with his wrkers face t face. Liu Min and her daughter can return t schl.
1．Liu Min’s husband des these things in the study except ________.
A．reading his e-mailsB．making a list f tday’s wrkC．ding mrning exercises
2．Frm the text, which f the fllwing is ne f the advantages f wrking at hme?
A．They can have big meals with family.
B．They can save mre time and mney.
C．They can lk after their ld parents.
3．In paragraph (段落) 2, what des the underlined wrd “them” refer t (指代)?
A．Liu Min’s family.B．Liu Min’s children.C．Liu Min’s students.
4．Accrding t the text, we can knw that ________.
A．Liu Min is a Chinese teacher
B．Liu Min is her daughter’s teacher
C．Liu Min’s family dn’t need t wrk
5．What can be the best title (标题) f the text?
A．Different WrkplacesB．Liu Min’s Teaching OnlineC．Wrking and Studying at Hme
（2021·广西贺州·中考真题）The winter f 2019 seemed lnger and clder than that in any ther year because f COVID-19（新冠肺炎）. By Thursday, March 5th, 2020, ver 30,000 medical wrkers have gne t Wuhan. They were fighting in a special “war”. Nt nly the patients but als the dctrs and nurses faced the risk f life.
One f them is Dng Jie, a dctr. He did a gd jb during the 2003 SARS, s he went t this new war. He said he culd share his experience in SARS with the dctrs and give them cnfidence. He ften shwed the medical wrkers hw t wear special clthes prperly and better prtect themselves. He als taught them hw t treat patients.
In rder t prevent the illness frm spreading, all the public services must be clsed. There were three special barbers with masks （口罩） in Hefei. They have helped hundreds f peple cut hair since February 15th. They were busy visiting different places in the city as well as the cuntryside and ffering free service frm 2 p.m. till evening every day.
Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qiangiu are students. They tried their best t call n everyne t raise mney fr Wuhan. Many teenagers gave away their pcket mney and lucky mney. They raised abut 120,000 yuan after tw days. They used it t buy 60 tns f vegetables frm lcal farmers and sent them t Wuhan.
All the Internet peple called them heres and they set a gd example.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。
6．What is Dng Jie’s jb?
A．He is a student.B．He is a teacher.C．He is a dctr.D．He is a barber.
7．What des the underlined wrd “They” in the third paragraph refer t?
A．The dctrs.B．The vlunteer barbers.C．The students.D．The patients.
8．What can we knw frm the furth paragraph?
A．Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qianqiu are tw teachers.
B．Many teenagers gave away their mney t Wuhan.
C．Zheng Wenyu and Ye Qianqiu gave away abut 12,000 yuan.
D．The lcal farmers bught 60 tns f vegetables and sent them t Wuhan.
9．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Hw t fight against COVID-19.B．The heres in fighting against COVID-19.
C．Hw t be a gd dctr.D．Hw t raise mney fr Wuhan.
（2021·浙江温州·中考真题）
Mst viruses can be fund and killed by ur immune system as sn as they enter ur bdies. Hwever, sme viruses, fr example, the crnavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult t recgnize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19. Human-t-human transmissin can easily ccur, and pandemic will therefre break ut. Vaccinatin is by nw a simple, safe and effective way t prtect us frm the diseases.
▲ Vaccines are smething that “lks” exactly the same as the viruses, mainly made frm the viruses that are weakened r killed. They will nt make us really ill. They nly stimulate and activate ur immune system t wrk, telling it smething harmful is cming in. The immune system will knw what the “viruses” lk like, and send B cells (lymphcytes) r antibdies t find and kill them. Meanwhile B cells will remember them fr the next kill. A vaccine may als give us passive immunity by prviding B cells taken frm an animal r a human t play the same rle.
Scientists have develped mre than 180 vaccines t fight against COVID-19. The technical appraches f these vaccines can be a little different, but their aims are the same.
Take the inactivated vaccine as an example. In an inactivated vaccine, the crnaviruses are already killed r made int the nes unable t prduce mre new viruses. When the immune system “sees” them, it will try t kill them. The questin is: withut enugh these viruses hw can B cells remember them? That’s why we need t take the vaccine mre than ne time. Thugh this vaccine is safe, it might nt be as effective as it is expected t be.
The live-attenuated vaccine is different. In this vaccine, the viruses are weakened, but they are alive. They can prduce enugh new viruses t train the immune system t kill and remember them, s peple nly need t take the vaccine nce. The live-attenuated vaccine is cnsidered the mst effective, but there is a wrry: what might happen nce these viruses wake up?
Therefre, althugh vaccinatin is by nw ne f the best ways t prtect us frm COVID-19, it can be better.
10．The crnavirus can ________.
A．nt be killedB．nt be fundC．cause deathsD．stp pandemic
11．Which f the fllwing can be the best tpic sentence f Paragraph 2?
A．Vaccinatin can prvide us with B cells.B．Vaccines are made frm different viruses.
C．Vaccinatin can prepare us against viruses.D．Vaccines wn’t make us ill as the viruses d.
12．Cmpared t the inactivated vaccine the live-attenuated vaccine ________.
A．needs taking mre than nceB．is equally safe
C．cntains viruses that are killedD．is mre effective
13．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Vaccinatin is gd enugh t treat COVID-19.
B．The immune system can be mre effective with vaccines.
C．The viruses in inactivated vaccines can make new viruses.
D．180 vaccines have been develped t fight against diseases.
（2022·云南·峨山彝族自治县教育科学研究所三模）As COVID-19 spreads in the wrld, many cuntries are changing their scial habits in rder t prtect themselves.
France
France is famus fr its rmantic greetings. They tuch each ther’s faces and make a kissing sund. But nw, this habit may have t stp. A French manner expert said that simply lking int a persn’s eyes can be enugh as a greeting.
Brazil
In Brazil, chimarra is a special drink that is cmmnly shared amng a grup f clse friends. The tea is passed arund in a cup, and everyne takes turns t drink it. But at present, peple are encuraged nt t share it.
Australia
Australians are quite free when it cmes t greetings. “G’day（你好）, mate”, a handshake, and smile will be enugh. But nw the Australian gvernment is asking Australians t take a pat n the back instead f a handshake.
Iran
Traditinally, peple in Iran shake hands t greet with ne anther. But tday, COVID-19 has made “ftshake” a new way f greeting. A vide has been ppular in Iran, shwing three friends meeting-hands in their pckets-tapping their feet against each ther as a greeting.
14．The purpse f changing scial habits is t ________.
A．change the eating habitsB．ask peple t stay at hme
C．prtect themselvesD．change the way f greeting
15．This passage mainly intrduces fur new ________.
A．scial habitsB．special drinksC．lcal languagesD．freign cuntries
16．If yu meet yur friend Jenny in France this year, yu’d better ________ as a greeting.
A．tuch her faceB．pat her backC．share a drinkD．lk int her eyes
17．Frm the passage, we learn that “ftshake” has been a new way f greeting in ________.
A．FranceB．BrazilC．AustraliaD．Iran
18．The passage may be ________.
A．a stryB．a science articleC．a nticeD．a nvel
（2022·四川绵阳·二模）With the utbreak f COVID-19 peple are encuraged and even frced t practice scial distancing frm each ther in public. Frm the ancient Chinese fist-in-palm bw(拱手礼) t the new elbw tuch used by western pliticians, the ways f greeting have changed greatly.
Perhaps the mst famus greeting in China is the Wuhan shake. The “shake”, including bth sides hitting lightly n the shes with each ther, started in March after the vides f the new greeting went ht. Since it first appeared, sme famus pliticians have publicly perfrmed the Wuhan shake, inspiring a guess that it might becme the wrld’s new greeting.
“Wuhan shake is a fun way t shw peple’s clse relatinship in such a difficult time. Chuan-Kang Shih, a cultural prfessr at the University f Flrida, said, Peple want t cheer themselves up by nt tuching physically, s they invented this.”
China is nt alne. As scial distancing remains due t COVID-19, many cultures arund the wrld are taking their new greetings t adapt t the new situatin.
Acrss New Zealand, lcal Mari grups warned their members t avid greeting each ther with traditinal hngi (tw peple tuch their nses and freheads tgether). New Zealand’s prime minister, Jacinda Ardern, strngly advised all peple t stp handshakes, hugs and hngi. He said, “We must change custms and traditins which are harmful at this special time, since the mst imprtant thing in the wrld is the peple.”
In France, the traditinal cheek kiss is very imprtant t greeting with friends, wrkmates and even natinal leaders. Althugh the situatin gt imprved, Mann Fily went t see sme ld high schl friends after tw mnths staying away in her hme. “We had the strng wish t d the cheek kiss when greeting,” said Fily. Hwever, cnsidering the tugh situatin, we had t stp urselves.”
19．What caused the way f greeting t change glbally?
A．COVID-19.B．Peple’s chice.
C．The harmful traditins.D．Famus peple’s perfrmance.
20．Why d peple practise the Wuhan shake accrding t Chuan-Kang Shih?
A．T catch the fashin.B．T fllw the leaders.
C．T cheer up each ther.D．T shw their persnality.
21．What des Jacinda Ardern suggest in Paragraph 5?
A．Peple are mre imprtant than traditins.
B．Peple shuld give up practicing hngi frever.
C．Lcal peple are mre imprtant than pliticians.”
D．Lcal peple must change the traditins and custms.
22．What des the underlined wrd tugh in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．clB．hardC．crazyD．Cld
23．What’s in cmmn abut the changed greetings in the passage?
A．They all fllw the gvernment’s rder.B．They all becme ppular since the start.
C．They all get supprt frm the pliticians.D．They all encurage scial distancing frm thers.
（2022·福建南平·模拟预测）The COVID-19 pandemic cntinues t spread arund the wrld. The newly fund COVID-19 variant(变种), Omicrn, is causing new cncerns. Since vaccinatins(接种疫苗)are still an imprtant tl t help build prtectin, mre cuntries in Eurpe are aiming at the unvaccinated.
Greece. It will be the first cuntry in the Eurpean Unin t amerce unvaccinated peple. The cuntry plans t make COVID-19 vaccinatins mandatry(强制的)fr all peple aged 60 and ver. Thse wh have nt gtten their first sht(第一针)by Jan 16, 2022 will face a mnthly fine f 100 eurs(abut 718 yuan). The mney ges t supprt hspital services. Since Nvember, the unvaccinated have been banned frm ging t many indr places such as museums, theaters and gyms.
Germany. On Dec 2, Germany carried ut a natinwide lck-dwn fr the unvaccinated. Unvaccinated peple will be banned frm ging t all but the mst necessary businesses, such as supermarkets and drugstres. Unvaccinated peple can nly meet up with tw peple frm anther husehld, CNN reprted.
Austria. In Austria, unvaccinated peple aged 12 and lder have been under a lck-dwn since Nv 15. They can nly leave hme fr wrk, medical reasns r t get smething f daily use. If anyne ges against the rule, he r she will be fined up t 500 eurs.
Italy. Unvaccinated peple are banned frm dining indrs in restaurants and bars as well as frm attending shws, sprts events and public ceremnies. The rule came int effect n Dec. 6 and will last until Jan. 15. But thse wh have a negative COVID-19 test result will be allwed t g t wrk.
24．Wh will be fined in Greece Starting frm Jan. 16, 2022?
A．Peple wh break the rule f lck-dwn.B．Peple wh haven’t gtten a secnd sht.
C．Peple wh refuse t see a dctr.D．Peple wh are unvaccinated and lder than 60.
25．Which cuntry has a time limit fr the restrictins(限制规定)?
A．Greece.B．Germany.C．Austria.D．Italy.
26．If a 22-year-ld Austrian hasn’t gtten vaccinated, he/she .
A．wn’t be able t g t wrkB．will be fined up t 500 eurs
C．will be frced t get vaccinatedD．can leave hme fr medical purpses.
27．What des underline wrd “amerce” mean in Paragraph2?
A．奖励B．罚款C．批评D．问候
28．What des this passage mainly talk abut?
A．Omicrn is causing new cncerns.
B．Vaccinatins are still an imprtant tl t help build prtectin.
C．Hw the Eurpean cuntries target the unvaccinated.
D．Hw t keep away frm COVID-19.
（2022·福建宁德·二模）We are surrunded by the news abut COVID-19 and ther viruses (病毒), but hw much d yu really knw abut them? Viruses that infect (感染) humans nearly always cause illness. Frtunately, just as we knw a lt abut hw viruses harm us, s d we knw hw t prevent them. These facts are a gd place t start.
● __________
Sme viruses, including thse that cause herpes, COVID-19, and AIDS, can be spread thrugh asymptmatic peple (they never had signs f the illness) and presymptmatic peple (they dn’t have signs yet), accrding t the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin (CDC). Sme f them may even be “superspreaders”, infecting dzens t hundreds f ther peple withut even realizing it. Take actin t prevent spreading viruses even when yu dn’t feel sick.
● __________
Wash yur hands. This is a piece f advice given by Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO). Make sure t wash yur hands with sap fr at least 20 secnds and dry yur hands n a clean twel. In public restrms, avid air dryers, which blw cntaminants (污染物) all ver the place.
● __________
D regular exercise. Regular exercise, which can include taking quick walks, has been shwn t imprve yur immune system, thus reducing yur pssibilities f develping a cld r the flu. But dn’t verd it. If yu haven’t received prfessinal (专业的) training befre and yu’re training fr a lng marathn, that can have the ppsite effect and hurt yur immune system.
● __________
Yu may have read that yu needn’t get vaccinated (疫苗) if yu live in a place where mst peple have had the disease r the vaccine, allwing yu t make use f herd immunity (群体免疫). “But effective herd immunity requires that mre than 90 percent f the ppulatin be vaccinated against a disease,” says Tish Davidsn, a medical writer and authr.
29．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut “superspreaders” accrding t the text?
A．They have many signs f the illness.
B．They may infect a lt f peple.
C．They prevent spreading the viruses.
D．They realize they are spreading viruses.
30．The fllwing ways are helpful t prevent viruses except ___________.
A．washing hands fr enugh time
B．ding exercise regularly
C．aviding using air dryers in public restrms
D．training fr a lng marathn withut prfessinal guidance
31．A man can have herd immunity against a disease when ___________.
A．lts f peple in his place have the vaccine
B．ver 9/10 f the peple in his place are vaccinated
C．peple in his place are fighting against the disease
D．mst peple in his place are infected by the disease.
32．Which f the fllwing is the crrect rder f subheadings (小标题) ?
①Hand washing is prtective ②Regular exercise is helpful
③Herd immunity is hard t achieve ④Being infected withut signs is pssible
A．②—①—④—③B．①—④—③—②C．④—①—②—③D．④—②—③—①
33．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Sme virus facts that we shuld knw.
B．Sme news abut COVID-19 and ther viruses.
C．Sme facts abut hw t fight against COVID-19.
D．Sme facts that cause COVID-19 and ther viruses.
（2022·湖北·广水市教学研究室一模）Here are sme superheres in the fight against COVID－19（新冠肺炎）. Let’s cme clse t them and remember them.
When did Li Wenliang warn peple the danger f the virus?
A．At the end f last December.B．At the beginning f 2019.
C．On January 25th, 2020.D．On February 7th, 2020.
35．What did Wang Yng d during the epidemic?
A．He drew a picture fr Peple’s Daily.
B．He was busy with his wn business.
C．He wrte an article t Peple’s Daily.
D．He vlunteered t supprt the dctrs and nurses t keep their life ging.
36．Which statement is NOT true accrding t the passage?
A．Wang Yng is a delivery driver.
B．Li Wenliang died n February 7th, 2020.
C．Peple’s Daily has spken highly f Li Lanjuan t present the curage f Chinese peple
D．Zhng Lanshan tld the public that the virus culd be transmitted frm persn t persn.
（2022·河南·内乡县基础教育教学研究室三模）As COVID-19 spreads in the wrld, many cuntries are changing their scial habits t prtect themselves.
France
France is famus fr its rmantic greetings. They tuch each ther’s faces and make a kissing sund. But nw, this habit may have t stp. A French manner expert said that simply lking int a persn’s eyes culd be enugh as a greeting.
Brazil
In Brazil, chimarra is a special drink that is cmmnly shared amng a grup f clse friends. The tea is passed arund in a cup, and everyne takes turns t drink it. But at present, peple are encuraged nt t share it.
Australia
Australians are quite free when it cmes t greetings. “G’day, mate”, a handshake, and smile will be enugh. But nw the Australian gvernment is asking Australians t take a pat (轻拍) n the back instead f a handshake.
Iran
Traditinally, peple in Iran shake hands t greet with ne anther. But tday, COVID-19 has made “ftshake” a new way f greeting. A vide has been ppular in Iran, shwing three friends meeting — hands in their pckets — tapping their feet against each ther as a greeting.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
37．This passage mainly intrduces fur new ________.
A．freign cuntriesB．scial habitsC．special drinksD．lcal languages
38．If yu meet yur friend Jenny in France this year, yu’d better ________ as a greeting.
A．lk int her eyesB．share a drinkC．pat her backD．tuch her face
39．“Chimarra” can be shared by ________ in Brazil befre.
A．teachers and studentsB．clse friends
C．drivers and passengersD．waiters and custmers
40．Frm the passage, we learn that “ftshake” has been a new way f greeting in ________.
A．FranceB．BrazilC．AustraliaD．Iran
41．We can mst likely read this passage frm a ________.
A．nvelB．newspaperC．psterD．nticebard (告示板)
（2022·山东·单县教学研究室二模）In the fight against COVID-19, many natinal heres have becme well-knwn t the public. On August 11, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping cmmended（表彰）fur f them fr their utstanding cntributin（杰出的贡献）.
The purpse f giving the natin’s tp hnrs t these peple was t shw the great curage and the spirit f wrking tgether f the Chinese peple.
42．Hw many peple was given “The Peple’s Her” by Chinese President Xi Jinping?
A．Tw.B．Three.C．Fur.
43．Wh gt an illness in 2018 accrding t the passage?
A．Zhang Dingyu.B．Zhang Bli.C．Zhng Nanshan.
44．What was the purpse f giving the natin’s tp hnrs t these peple?
A．T make them becme well-knwn t the public.
B．T encurage mre peple t be dctrs.
C．T shw the great curage and the spirit f wrking tgether f the Chinese peple.
Zhng NanshanHe is ne f the famus medical scientists in the 21st century. Dr. Zhng Nanshan was the first t tell the public that the virus culd be transmitted frm persn t persn. He is a gd dctr in the cuntrymen’s eyes and respected by all Chinese peple.
Li LanjuanWhen COVID－19 brke ut, she suggested that Wuhan shuld be lcked dwn immediately t prevent the spread f the disease. She headed fr Wuhan and tk an active part in the battle. Nw, she still receives patients every day.
Wang YngAs a delivery（快递）driver, he vlunteered t supprt the medical staff in Wuhan during the epidemic（流行病）. He tried his best t keep life ging fr the dctrs and nurses. Peple’s Daily has praised him, presenting the curage and hard wrk f cmmn peple.
Li WenliangHe is the first dctr t warn peple hw dangerus the virus culd be at the end f last December, s peple call him the “whistle-blwer（吹哨人）”.Because f COVID-19, he lst his life n February 7th, 2020. Peple acrss the cuntry were sad t hear abut his death.
Zhng Nanshan was given the Medal f the Republic（共和国勋章）. He has been leading the Chinese gvernment’s effrts in the fight against COVID-19. The ld expert gt a result that COVID-19 culd be spread between humans.
“The Peple’s Her”was given t three thers. They are Zhang Bli, Zhang Dingyu and Chen Wei.
Zhang Bli is a traditinal Chinese medicine （TCM） expert. He has been in charge f（负责） the research f COVID-19 treatments（治疗）cnnecting TCM with Western medicine.
Zhang Dingyu was the head f Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hspital in 2020. He gt an illness in 2018. Hwever, he chse t stay with his partners in Wuhan t save lives.
Chen Wei is a prfessr. She has made great achievements in the research n COVID-19. She is als ne f the key leaders in China’s Ebla vaccine（埃博拉疫苗）research.
参考答案：
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．B
5．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎肺炎让刘敏一家人经历了一种不同的工作和学习方式，同时也介绍了在家办公和学习给他们也带来了一些好处。
1．
细节理解题。根据“Her husband turns n his cmputer in the study (书房), reading his e-mails and making a list f tday’s wrk. ”可知，C选项“做早操”是在客厅进行的，不在书房。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据“On the ther hand, they save mre time and mney withut traveling t wrk. ”可知，他们不用去上班就能节省更多的时间和金钱。故选B。
3．
词句猜测题。根据“Because f COVID-19, many peple are nw wrking and studying at hme like them, and they are called telecmmuters (居家办公者). ”可知，由于新冠肺炎，许多人现在像刘敏一家人一样在家工作和学习，他们被称为远程工作者。文中划线them指代“刘敏一家人”。故选A。
4．
细节理解题。根据“Befre Liu Min begins t give lessns nline, she makes sure her students, including her daughter, are all there.”可知，刘敏是她女儿的老师。故选B。
5．
最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎让刘敏一家人经历了一种不同的工作和学习方式，即居家办公和学习。C选项“Wrking and Studying at Hme”符合题意。故选C。
6．C
7．B
8．B
9．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍在新冠肺炎期间我们生活中的英雄。
6．
细节理解题。根据“One f them is Dng Jie, a dctr.”可知，董杰是一名医生，故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据“There were three special barbers with masks （口罩） in Hefei. They have helped hundreds f peple cut hair since February 15th.”可知，合肥有三个戴面具的特殊理发师，自2月15日以来，他们已经帮助数百人理发。此处they指的是three special barbers，故选B。
8．
推理判断题。根据“They tried their best t call n everyne t raise mney fr Wuhan. Many teenagers gave away their pcket mney and lucky mney.”可知，他们尽最大努力号召大家为武汉筹集资金，许多青少年把他们的零用钱和压岁钱捐了出来。故选B。
9．
最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍在新冠肺炎期间我们生活中的英雄。选项B“抗击新冠肺炎的英雄”符合主题，故选B。
10．C
11．C
12．D
13．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍疫苗及其作用。
10．
细节理解题。根据“Hwever, sme viruses, fr example, the crnavirus, are sneaky. They are difficult t recgnize and find. These viruses can cause deadly diseases, like COVID-19.”可知，COVID-19可以导致致命的疾病，故选C。
11．
段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要告诉我们疫苗可以使我们预防病毒，故选C。
12．
细节理解题。根据“The live-attenuated vaccine is cnsidered the mst effective”可知，减毒活疫苗被认为是最有效的，故选D。
13．
推理判断题。根据“They nly stimulate and activate ur immune system t wrk, telling it smething harmful is cming in.”可知，疫苗只是刺激和激活我们的免疫系统，告诉它有害的东西来了。所以二者是促进关系，选项B“免疫系统使用疫苗会更有效”与之相符，故选B。
14．C
15．A
16．D
17．D
18．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间的各种各样的打招呼方式。
14．
细节理解题。根据“As COVID-19 spreads in the wrld, many cuntries are changing their scial habits in rder t prtect themselves.”可知由于新冠疫情在全球肆虐，为了保护自己的安全，许多国家正在改变他们的社交习惯。故选C。
15．
主旨大意题。根据“As COVID-19 spreads in the wrld, many cuntries are changing their scial habits in rder t prtect themselves.”可知文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间改变的四种社交习惯。故选A。
16．
推理判断题。根据“A French manner expert said that simply lking int a persn’s eyes can be enugh as a greeting”可知一位法国的礼仪专家说打招呼，只是看着对方的眼睛就足够了。说明今年如果你在法国遇见一位朋友，你最好看着对方的眼睛作为打招呼的方式。故选D。
17．
细节理解题。根据小标题“Iran”和“But tday, COVID-19 has made “ftshake” a new way f greeting.”可知在伊朗，新冠疫情使“碰脚”成为一种新的打招呼方式。故选D。
18．
推理判断题。文章介绍各国在新冠疫情期间的各种各样的打招呼方式。因此这是一篇社会科学文章。故选B。
19．A
20．C
21．A
22．B
23．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了由于新型冠状病毒的出现，人们为了保持社交距离，各国在社交礼仪方面发生了很大的转变。
19．
细节理解题。根据第一段中”With the utbreak f COVID-19 peple are encuraged and even frced t practice scial distancing frm each ther in public. Frm the ancient Chinese fist-in-palm bw(拱手礼) t the new elbw tuch used by western pliticians, the ways f greeting have changed greatly.“以及第四段中“As scial distancing remains due t COVID-19, many cultures arund the wrld are taking their new greetings t adapt t the new situatin.”由于2019冠状病毒疾病的存在，导致了人与人之间打招呼的方式发生了很大的变化，故选A。
20．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Chuan-Kang Shih, a cultural prfessr at the University f Flrida, said, Peple want t cheer themselves up by nt tuching physically, s they invented this.”可知是为了彼此激励，故选C。
21．
推理判断题。根据第五段中“He said, “We must change custms and traditins which are harmful at this special time, since the mst imprtant thing in the wrld is the peple.”可知在这个特殊的时间段，人是比传统和习俗更重要的，故选A。
22．
词义猜测题。根据第六段中“Hwever, cnsidering the tugh situatin, we had t stp urselves.”可知这里指的是新型冠状病毒所出现的艰难的时期，hard艰难的，故选B。
23．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本篇文章通过讲解了几个国家的社交礼仪方面的变化，来鼓励在公共场合彼此保持社交距离，从而减缓新型冠状病毒的传播及感染。故选D。
24．D
25．D
26．D
27．B
28．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了四个欧洲国家对未接种新冠疫苗人员的限行政策，以及违反规定的处罚措施。
24．
细节理解题。根据文中“The cuntry plans t make COVID-19 vaccinatins mandatry (强制的) fr all peple aged 60 and ver. Thse wh have nt gtten their first sht (第一针) by Jan 16, 2022 will face a mnthly fine f 100 eurs(abut 718 yuan).”可知，2022年1月16日起，未接种疫苗和60岁以上的人将在希腊被罚款。故选D。
25．
细节理解题。根据文中“Italy. Unvaccinated peple are banned frm dining indrs in restaurants and bars as well as frm attending shws, sprts events and public ceremnies. The rule came int effect n Dec. 6 and will last until Jan. 15.”可知，意大利未接种疫苗的人们有时间限制。故选D。
26．
细节理解题。根据文中“Austria. In Austria, unvaccinated peple aged 12 and lder have been under a lck-dwn since Nv 15. They can nly leave hme fr wrk, medical reasns r t get smething f daily use.”可知，如果22岁的奥地利人没有接种疫苗，他/她可以出于医疗目的离开家。故选D。
27．
词句猜测题。根据下文“The cuntry plans t make COVID-19 vaccinatins mandatry (强制的) fr all peple aged 60 and ver. Thse wh have nt gtten their first sht (第一针) by Jan 16, 2022 will face a mnthly fine f 100 eurs(abut 718 yuan).”可知，上文是希腊将是欧盟中第一个对未接种疫苗的人进行罚款的国家。划线单词amerce的意思是“罚款”，故选B。
28．
主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了欧洲国家对未接种疫苗的人群采取的措施。选项C符合题意，故选C。
29．B
30．D
31．B
32．C
33．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了一些有关病毒的事实，以及我们应该如何防止病毒感染。
29．
细节理解题。根据“Sme f them may even be ‘superspreaders’, infecting dzens t hundreds f ther peple withut even realizing it.”可知，超级传播者可能会传染很多人。故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据“Wash yur hands ... Make sure t wash yur hands with sap fr at least 20 secnds and dry yur hands n a clean twel.”，“In public restrms, avid air dryers, which blw cntaminants (污染物) all ver the place.”以及“D regular exercise.”可知，文中提到的有用的防护病毒的方法有：洗手、做运动和避免在公共厕所使用烘干机，没有提到D项“没有专业指导的情况下进行马拉松长跑训练”。故选D。
31．
细节理解题。根据“But effective herd immunity requires that mre than 90 percent f the ppulatin be vaccinated against a disease”可知，如果超过90%的人口接种了疫苗，就可以对某种疾病产生群体免疫。故选B。
32．
段落大意题。根据“Sme viruses, ... (they never had signs f the illness) and presymptmatic peple (they dn’t have signs yet)”可知，本段介绍了有些病毒，即使人们感染了却没有迹象。因此判断标题为④“没有迹象就被感染是可能的”；根据“Wash yur hands. This is a piece f advice given by...”可知，本段是关于洗手可以防护病毒，标题应用①“勤洗手有保护作用”；根据“D regular exercise. Regular exercise, which...”可知，本文主要是讲有规律的运动，标题应用②“有规律的锻炼是有益的”；根据“... allwing yu t make use f herd immunity (群体免疫)”可知，最后一段与群体免疫相关，③“群体免疫很难实现”符合语境。综上，正确的顺序为④①②③。故选C。
33．
主旨大意题。根据“Frtunately, just as we knw a lt abut hw viruses harm us, s d we knw hw t prevent them. These facts are a gd place t start.”和全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些我们应该知道的与病毒有关的事实。故选A。
34．A
35．D
36．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了一些抗击新冠肺炎的超级英雄。
34．
细节理解题。根据“He is the first dctr t warn peple hw dangerus the virus culd be at the end f last December, s peple call him the “whistle-blwer”.”可知，在去年12月底，李文亮警告人们这种病毒可能有危险；故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据“He tried his best t keep life ging fr the dctrs and nurses.”可知，他竭尽全力维持医生和护士的生活；故选D。
36．
细节理解题。根据“Peple’s Daily has praised him, presenting the curage and hard wrk f cmmn peple.”可知，《人民日报》赞扬了王勇，他展示了普通人的勇气和努力；不是赞扬李文亮；故选C。
37．B
38．A
39．B
40．D
41．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。
37．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。故选B。
38．
细节理解题。根据原文“A French manner expert said that simply lking int a persn’s eyes culd be enugh as a greeting”可知，现在打招呼仅仅看着一个人的眼睛就足够了。故选A。
39．
细节理解题。根据原文“In Brazil, chimarra is a special drink that is cmmnly shared amng a grup f clse friends”可知，在巴西，分享马黛茶是在亲密朋友之间进行的。故选B。
40．
细节理解题。根据原文“But tday, COVID-19 has made “ftshake” a new way f greeting”可知，因为新冠疫情，伊朗开始采用“碰脚”的新型问候方式。故选D。
41．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了四个国家传统的问候习俗以及随着2019冠状病毒疾病在世界范围内的传播，各国都改变了问候习俗。可推断文章出自一篇新闻，故来源于报纸，故选B。
42．B
43．A
44．C
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了在与新冠肺炎的战斗中，涌现出了许多民族英雄，其中四位杰出的贡献者受到了国家主席的表彰。
42．
细节理解题。根据“The Peple’s Her was given t three thers.”可知，“人民英雄”的称号送给另外三个人。故选B。
43．
细节理解题。根据“Zhang Dingyu was the head f Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hspital in 2020. He gt an illness in 2018.”可知，张定于在2018年生病了。故选A。
44．
细节理解题。根据“The purpse f giving the natin’s tp hnrs t these peple was t shw the great curage and the spirit f wrking tgether f the Chinese peple.”可知，把国家最高荣誉给这些人的目的是展现了中国人民的伟大勇气和同舟共济的精神。故选C。