阅读理解之研究报告类-2025年新高考最新英语模拟试题优选分类汇编

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Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked — feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. This might sund like science fictin, but researchers are bringing this visin clser t reality by develping advanced cmputatinal mdels that can predict human emtins during cmputer interactins.
At the frefrnt f this effrt is a team f Finnish scientists wh have created a mdel. The mdel essentially puts itself in the user’s shes, simulating (模拟) the series f actins, utcmes, and cgnitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise t emtins like happiness, bredm, r frustratin.
T test their mdel, the researchers designed a series f interactive cmputer tasks meant t cause specific emtins. In the “happiness” task, users answered a series f questins and received psitive feedback fr crrect respnses. The “bredm” task invlved a series f repetitive questins. In the “frustratin” task, the system was intentinally prgrammed t display errr messages and ultimately fail, regardless f the user’s answers.
As study participants wrked thrugh these tasks, the emtinal reactins predicted by the mdel clsely matched the emtins reprted by the users themselves. The mdel was even able t discver small changes, such as a steady increase in frustratin ver the curse f the errr-ridden task.
The researchers believe their emtin-predicting mdel culd pave the way fr a new generatin f emtinally intelligent cmputers that can tailr their behavir t the user’s psychlgical state. An effective system might ffer a stressed user cmfrting wrds f encuragement, liven up a bring task with humr, r prvide emtinal assistance when frustratin munts. “By creating interactins that are mre emtinally attuned, designers culd bst user engagement, prductivity, and verall well-being,” they add.
Hwever, the mdel is still in prgress and needs t be extended t recgnize a wider range f emtins acrss mre cmplex, real-wrld cmputer interactins. The researchers als emphasize the imprtance f gathering mre diverse training data t ensure the mdel can accurately predict emtins fr users f all backgrunds.
32．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the text?
A．By making a cmparisn.B．By creating an imaginary scene.
C．By telling a real life stry.D．By sharing a ppular bk.
33．What were cmputer users asked t d in the study?
A．Cmfrt each ther.B．Reprt their feelings.
C．Get rid f bredm.D．Stay discnnected nline.
34．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Great imprvements n the mdel.B．Characteristics f future cmputer users.
C．Researchers’ expectatin f their mdel.D．Cmputer users’ respnses t the mdel.
35．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Smart Cmputers May Replace Humans
B．Interactins with Cmputers Are Enjyable
C．Cmputers Might Understand Our Emtins
D．An Emtin-predicting Mdel Meets Challenges
【答案】32．B 33．B 34．C 35．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。芬兰科学家设计了能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型。这一模型有望为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked— feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”可知，作者通过创造一个想象中的场景来引入文本的主题，即计算机能够感知用户的情绪。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the “happiness” task, users answered a series f questins and received psitive feedback fr crrect respnses. The “bredm” task invlved a series f repetitive questins. In the “frustratin” task, the system was intentinally prgrammed t display errr messages and ultimately fail, regardless f the user’s answers. (在“幸福”任务中，用户回答了一系列问题，并收到了正确答案的积极反馈。“无聊”任务涉及一系列重复的问题。在“挫折”任务中，系统被有意编程为显示错误消息并最终失败，而不管用户的答案如何。) ”可知，参与者在不同任务中被要求回答问题、接受反馈等任务，而这些任务设计的目的是引发特定的情绪，即计算机使用者在研究中需要告知他们的感受。故选B项。
34．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“The researchers believe their emtin-predicting mdel culd pave the way fr a new generatin f emtinally intelligent cmputers that can tailr their behavir t the user’s psychlgical state. (研究人员相信，他们的情绪预测模型可以为新一代情绪智能计算机铺平道路，这些计算机可以根据用户的心理状态调整他们的行为。) ”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员对这个模型的期待——希望它能为新一代的情感智能计算机铺路，而不是模型本身的改进、未来计算机用户的特点或计算机用户对模型的反应。故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Picture this: Yur cmputer culd sense yur emtins as yu wrked— feeling yur jy at cmpleting a task, yur bredm during repetitive data entry, r yur frustratin when an errr message keeps emerging. (想象一下：你的电脑可以在你工作时感觉到你的情绪——感觉到完成任务的快乐，重复数据输入时的无聊，或者当错误消息不断出现时的沮丧。) ”和第二段“At the frefrnt f this effrt is a team f Finnish scientists wh have created a mdel. The mdel essentially puts itself in the user’s shes, simulating (模拟) the series f actins, utcmes, and cgnitive appraisals (认知评估) that ultimately give rise t emtins like happiness, bredm, r frustratin. (这项工作的最前沿是一个芬兰科学家团队，他们创建了一个模型。该模型本质上是设身处地地为用户着想，模拟一系列最终导致幸福、无聊或沮丧等情绪的行为、结果和认知评估。) ”可知，本文主要介绍了芬兰科学家设计的能够预测人类在使用计算机过程中所展现的情绪的计算机模型，这说明计算机也许能够理解人类的情绪了。故选C项。
2.（2025·甘青宁三省多校高三九月联考）
Mammths, the massive pre-histric ice age cusins f the mdern-day elephant, have always been understd t have inhabited parts f British Clumbia, but the questin f when has always been wlly. Nw, a new study frm Simn Fraser University has given scientists the clearest picture yet f when the giant mammals (巨型哺乳动物) walked n Vancuver Island.
As part f SFU researcher Laura Termes’ PhD and published earlier this mnth in the Canadian Jurnal f Earth Sciences, the study examined 32 suspected mammth samples cllected n Vancuver Island. Of thse samples, just 16 were cnsidered fit fr radicarbn dating.
The yungest sample was fund t be arund 23,000 years ld and the ldest turned ut t be beynd the range radicarbn dating culd measure, meaning it was lder than 45,000 years.
Prir t the study, nly tw mammth remains fund n Vancuver Island had ever been dated befre. Bth lived arund 21,000 years ag, s this study prvides a greater understanding f when the massive mammals lived in the area.
Termes says, “We were expecting similar results t the tw samples previusly dated, but what we fund were mammths that were much lder. It is fantastic that they culd be preserved fr that lng.”
Termes says having the supprt at the Ryal BC Museum and the Curtenay and District Museum and Palaentlgy Centre allwing access t their cllectins is invaluable t the study.
“This research highlights the imprtant rle f museum cllectins fr understanding hw life has evlved and changed in British Clumbia’s deep histry,” says Victria Arbur, wh wrks at the Ryal BC Museum. “It’s great t see mammths’relatives in the Ryal BC Museum’s cllectins in the sptlight thrugh this research.”
“Researchers need all the help they can get because while mammths were enrmus, finding cmplete samples in British Clumbia is actually quite rare,” says Termes.
28．What des the underlined wrd “wlly” in paragraph 1 mst prbably mean?
A．Certain.B．Attractive.C．Cnfusing.D．Understandable.
29．What can we knw abut radicarbn dating accrding t the text?
A．Mammth remains were nt dated by it.
B．32 suspected mammth samples were fit fr it.
C．It can exactly date the ldest mammth sample.
D．It measures samples n lder than 45,000 years.
30．Hw des Termes feel abut the research results?
A．Excited.B．Regretful.C．Wrried.D．Calm.
31．Why are museum cllectins mentined in the text?
A．T discuss a way t ppularize lcal museums.
B．T pint ut the limitatins f sampling methds.
C．T shw cmplete mammth samples were enrmus.
D．T stress research n mammths calls fr jint effrts.
【答案】28．C 29．D 30．A 31．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。猛犸象是现代大象的史前冰河时代的表亲，人们一直认为它们居住在不列颠哥伦比亚省的部分地区，但时间问题总是模糊不清。如今，研究人员有了新发现。
28．词句猜测题。由文章第一段“Mammths, the massive pre-histric ice age cusins f the mdern-day elephant, have always been understd t have inhabited parts f British Clumbia, but the questin f when has always been wlly. Nw, a new study frm Simn Fraser University has given scientists the clearest picture yet f when the giant mammals (巨型哺乳动物) walked n Vancuver Island. (猛犸象是现代大象在史前冰河时代的表亲，人们一直认为它们在不列颠哥伦比亚省的部分地区有栖息地，但具体是什么时候的问题一直很wlly。现在，西蒙弗雷泽大学的一项新研究为科学家们提供了迄今为止最清晰的画面，即巨型哺乳动物何时在温哥华岛行走。)”可知，关于猛犸象何时在温哥华岛生存的问题一直是模糊的，因此wlly在此处表示“令人困惑的”。A. Certain当然；B. Attractive吸引人的；C. Cnfusing令人困惑的；D. Understandable可以理解的。故选C。
29．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The yungest sample was fund t be arund 23,000 years ld and the ldest turned ut t be beynd the range radicarbn dating culd measure, meaning it was lder than 45,000 years. (最年轻的样本大约有23000年的历史，而最古老的样本超出了放射性碳测年法可以测量的范围，这意味着它的历史超过了45000年。)”可知，通过放射性碳定年法可以测量到的样品最老不会超过45,000年。故选D。
30．推理判断题。由文章第五段中的“Termes says, “We were expecting similar results t the tw samples previusly dated, but what we fund were mammths that were much lder. It is fantastic that they culd be preserved fr that lng.” (特尔梅斯说：“我们期待与之前确定日期的两个样本的结果相似，但我们发现的是更古老的猛犸象。它们能被保存这么长时间真是太棒了。”)”可知，他对研究结果感到非常兴奋，认为能够保存这么长时间的猛犸象是非常了不起的。故选A。
31．推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段中的“Termes says having the supprt at the Ryal BC Museum and the Curtenay and District Museum and Palaentlgy Centre allwing access t their cllectins is invaluable t the study. (特尔梅斯说，得到皇家不列颠哥伦比亚省博物馆、考特尼和地区博物馆以及古生物学中心的支持，允许他们访问他们的藏品，对这项研究来说是无价的。)”可知，博物馆的藏品对于这项研究非常重要，因为博物馆提供了支持和访问其藏品的机会。因此，博物馆藏品在文章中被提及是为了强调猛犸象的研究需要各方的共同努力。故选D。
3.（2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模）When I teach research methds, a majr fcus is peer review. As a prcess, peer review evaluates academic papers fr their quality, integrity and impact n a field, largely shaping what scientists accept as “knwledge”- By instinct, any academic fllws up a new idea with the questin, “Was that peer reviewed?”
Althugh I believe in the imprtance f peer review and I help d peer reviews fr several academic jurnals-I knw hw vulnerable the prcess can be.
I had my first encunter with peer review during my first year as a Ph. D student. One day, my adviser handed me an essay and tld me t have my -written review back t him in a week. But at the time, I certainly was nt a “peer” — I was t new in my field. Manipulated data (不实的数据) r substandard methds culd easily have gne undetected. Knwledge is nt self-evident. Only experts wuld be able t ntice them, and even then, experts d nt always agree n what they ntice.
Let’s say in my life I nly see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, cncluding that all swans are white. And a “peer” says, “Wait a minute, I’ve seen black swans.” I wuld have t refine my knwledge.
The peer plays a key rle evaluating bservatins with the verall gal f advancing knwledge. Fr example, if the abve stry were reversed, and peer reviewers wh all believed that all swans were white came acrss the first study bserving a black swan, the study wuld receive a lt f attentin.
S why was a first-year graduate student getting t stand in fr an expert? Why wuld my review cunt the same as an expert’s review? One answer: The prcess relies almst entirely n unpaid labr.
Despite the fact that peers are prfessinals, peer review is nt a prfessin. As a result, the same ver-wrked schlars ften receive masses f the peer review requests. Besides the labr inequity, a small pl f experts can lead t a narrwed prcess f what is publishable r what cunts as knwledge, directly threatening diversity f perspectives and schlars. Withut a large enugh reviewer pl, the prcess can easily fall victim t biases, arising frm a small cmmunity recgnizing each ther’s wrk and cmprmising cnflicts f interest.
Despite these challenges, I still tell my students that peer review ffers the best methd fr evaluating studies and advancing knwledge. As a prcess, peer review theretically wrks. The questin is whether the issues with peer review can be addressed by prfessinalizing the field.
32．What can we learn abut peer review in the first paragraph?
A．It generates knwledge.B．It is cmmnly practiced.
C．It is a majr research methd.D．It is questined by sme scientists.
33．What can be inferred abut the example f swans?
A．Cmplexity f peer review ensures its reliability.
B．Cntradictins between scientists may be balanced.
C．Individuals can be limited by persnal experiences.
D．Experts shuld detect unscientific bservatin methds.
34．What is the authr’s majr cncern abut peer review?
A．Wrklad fr schlars.B．Tughness f the prcess.
C．Diversificatin f publicatins.D．Financial supprt t reviewers.
35．The passage is mainly abut ______.
A．what fuels peer reviewB．why peer review is imperfect
C．hw new hands advance peer reviewD．whether peer reviewers are underrated
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．D 35．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是作者对于同行评议不完美的原因的分析。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“By instinct, any academic fllws up a new idea with the questin, “Was that peer reviewed?”(出于本能，任何学者在提出新想法后都会问：“这个想法经过同行评议了吗？”)”可知，从第一段中我们可以了解到同行评议是普遍的做法。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段“Let’s say in my life I nly see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, cncluding that all swans are white. And a “peer” says, “Wait a minute, I’ve seen black swans.” I wuld have t refine my knwledge.(比方说，在我的生活中，我只看到白天鹅。也许我可以写一篇文章，总结说所有的天鹅都是白色的。一个“同伴”说，“等一下，我见过黑天鹅。”我得完善我的知识。)”可知，从天鹅的例子可以推断出个人可能会受到个人经历的限制。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The prcess relies almst entirely n unpaid labr.(这个过程几乎完全依赖于无偿劳动力。)”和倒数第二段“As a result, the same ver-wrked schlars ften receive masses f the peer review requests.(结果，同样是那些过度劳累的学者经常收到大量的同行评审请求。)”可知，作者对同行评议的主要担忧是对评审的财政支持。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Althugh I believe in the imprtance f peer review and I help d peer reviews fr several academic jurnals-I knw hw vulnerable the prcess can be.(虽然我相信同行评议的重要性，我也为几家学术期刊做同行评议，但我知道这个过程有多脆弱。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者对于同行评议不完美的原因的分析，因此B选项“why peer review is imperfect(为什么同行评议是不完美的)”是本文的主旨。故选B。
4.（2025·全国名校协作体高三上学期10月联考）In higher educatin, where meritcracy (任人唯贤 )and bjectivity are highly valued, ne might assume that the alphabetical rder f students’ surnames plays n rle in determining their academic success. Hwever, recent research suggests therwise.
A study cnducted by researchers at the University f Michigan, analyzing ver 30 millin grading recrds, reveals a surprising finding: students with surnames that appear earlier in the alphabet tend t receive higher grades cmpared t their cunterparts with later alphabetical placements. This bias is particularly striking in large classes r curses where assignments are submitted digitally thrugh platfrms like Canvas, a widely used nline learning management system. Systems like this typically arrange student submissins alphabetically by default (系统默认). As a result, students with surnames twards the end f the alphabet, such as thse starting with Y r Z, tend t receive lwer grades n average cmpared t their peers with surnames frm the beginning f the alphabet.
This phenmenn is attributed t an effect knwn as “sequential grading bias”, which refers t an unintentinal advantage r disadvantage that students may face due t the rder in which their wrk is evaluated. Fr example, jb interview candidates wh are interviewed later in the day may be rated mre harshly cmpared t thse wh went earlier. In the cntext f alphabetical rdering, instructrs ften begin grading frm the tp f the list, where surnames starting with letters like A r B appear. This initial advantage can unintentinally influence grading patterns, where early papers might receive mre favrable assessments cmpared t thse evaluated later. Hwever, the exams that are graded in the reverse rder in which they are submitted may shw an ppsite trend.
Educatinal institutins and plicymakers are encuraged t explre alternative grading strategies that mitigate alphabetical biases. Suggestins include randmized grading rders, nameless submissins, r deliberate effrts t cunteract first impressins thrugh diverse evaluatin criteria. By addressing these biases practively, institutins can fster fairer and mre inclusive learning envirnments where student perfrmance is evaluated impartially based n merit rather than surname placement.
32．Why des the authr mentin Canvas in the cntext f the study?
A．T prmte the use f digital platfrms fr academic purpses.
B．T highlight the ppularity f nline learning management systems.
C．T emphasize the impact f digital learning platfrms n grading biases.
D．T demnstrate the diverse grading standards f digital learning platfrms.
33．In the last paragraph, what des the underlined wrd “mitigate” mean?
A．Cmplicate.
B．Simplify.
C．Fuel.
D．Reduce.
34．Accrding t the text, ne suggested alternative grading strategy shuld be based n _________.
A．the student’s surname
B．randm grading sequence
C．randm first impressin
D．the student’s submissin time
35．Which f the fllwing may be the best title fr this passage?
A．Inequality Issues via Digital Learning Systems
B．Strategies fr Overcming Bias in Grading Systems
C．Unintended Cnsequences f Alphabetical Grading
D．The Cause f Sequential Grading n Student Perfrmance
【答案】32．C 33．D 34．B 35．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员惊讶地发现：与按字母顺序排列较晚的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中出现较早的学生往往获得更高的成绩。
32．推理判断题。由文章第二段“This bias is particularly striking in large classes r curses where assignments are submitted digitally thrugh platfrms like Canvas, a widely used nline learning management system. Systems like this typically arrange student submissins alphabetically by default (系统默认). As a result, students with surnames twards the end f the alphabet, such as thse starting with Y r Z, tend t receive lwer grades n average (这种偏见在通过Canvas等广泛使用的在线学习管理系统以数字方式提交作业的大班或课程中尤为明显。默认情况下，这样的系统通常按字母顺序排列学生提交的内容。因此，姓氏在字母表末尾的学生，如以Y或Z开头的学生，平均成绩往往较低)”可知，作者在研究中提到了Canvas，以强调数字学习平台对评分偏差的影响。故选C项。
33．词句猜测题。由最后一段“Educatinal institutins and plicymakers are encuraged t explre alternative grading strategies that mitigate alphabetical biases.(鼓励教育机构和政策制定者探索 字母偏差的替代评分策略。)”以及上文可知，现在在线学习管理系统存在评分偏差问题，所以这里希望有新的平台可以“减少”这种字母偏差。所以猜测mitigate表“减少”的意思。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Suggestins include randmized grading rders, nameless submissins, r deliberate effrts t cunteract first impressins thrugh diverse evaluatin criteria. (建议包括随机评分顺序、匿名提交或通过不同的评估标准刻意抵消第一印象。)”可知，一种对现在评分策略替代的建议是按照随机序列评分。故选B项。
35．主旨大意题。由第二段“A study cnducted by researchers at the University f Michigan, analyzing ver 30 millin grading recrds, reveals a surprising finding: students with surnames that appear earlier in the alphabet tend t receive higher grades cmpared t their cunterparts with later alphabetical placements. (密歇根大学的研究人员进行的一项研究分析了3000多万条评分记录，揭示了一个令人惊讶的发现：与按字母顺序排列较晚的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中出现较早的学生往往获得更高的成绩。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲研究人员惊讶地发现与按字母顺序排列较晚的学生相比，姓氏在字母表中出现较早的学生往往获得更高的成绩。所以C项Unintended Cnsequences f Alphabetical Grading(按字母顺序评分的意外结果)符合文意。故选C项。
5.(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性)
Fr millins f years, bees, mths and ther pllinatrs have used scents (香气) t lcate flwers and transfer pllen (花粉) t any flwers they later visit. But smething is changing tday. When the scents f flwers interact with certain air pllutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destryed. Mths and ther nighttime pllinatrs may find it hard t recgnize the flwers they were seeking, researchers shw.
The Seattle team cnducted field and lab tests with a plant — the pale evening primrse. Eclgist Jeremy Chan put bags ver pale evening primrses t trap the flwers’ scent. Then he tk the scent back t the lab, alng with sme mths. They released the primrse scent and mths int a wind tunnel that culd mimic cnditins in an utdr field. At nce, they watched the mths easily flying straight upwind and tracking the scent. But it was different when pllutants, like zne and nitrgen dixide, were added t the mix. Nw, the mths flew in a “Z” line. They seemed t be seeking the scent — ften withut success.
The team then decided t test its findings in nature at night. The result was the same. When this scent was mixed with the pllutants, mths’ visits drpped. Sme mths even never fund a single flwer during the tests. Besides, the same reactins culd hurt flwers’ scents by day. But because sunlight can break dwn zne, the prblem is likely mre serius fr night pllinatrs.
As Earth’s climate warms, it’s likely that a mix f pllutants will cntinue t climb. Such cnditins culd wrsen the pllutin threat t flwers’ scents and plant pllinatin. “As we knw, pllinatin is imprtant t fd grwers”, nted Jel Thrntn. He’s an atmspheric scientist in the team. He said pllutin culd pse a new type f threat t farming.
8. Why d mths have truble finding ut flwers tday?
A. Flwers’ scents interrupt mth.B. Pllutants affect flwers’ scents.
C. Flwers are nt available at night.D. Flwers are changing their scents.
9. Hw did the researchers get the findings?
A By mnitring mths’ behavirs.B. By detecting the primrse scent.
C. By analyzing the types f pllutants.D. By cmparing scents with pllutants.
10. What did Jel Thrntn think f the findings?
A. Amusing.B. Prmising.C. Satisfying.D. Wrrying.
11. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Pllinatrs: Lst in PllutantsB. Scents: Gne with the Wind.
C. Pllinatrs: Master f a Garden.D. Scents: Nature’s Secret Language.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最新的一项调查研究发现，空气中的污染物会对花的香味造成一定的影响，从而影响蜜蜂、飞蛾等授粉者寻找花源。调查研究者认为该现象同时会对农业造成一定的影响。
8. B细节理解题。根据第一段“When the scents f flwers interact with certain air pllutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destryed.(当花朵的气味在夜间与某些空气污染物相互作用时，关键的气味就会被破坏)”可知，某些空气污染物与花香相互作用后，一些关键的香气就会受损，从而导致使授粉者很难找到花源。故选 B。
9. A推理判断题。根据第二段“At nce, they watched the mths easily flying straight upwind and tracking the scent. But it was different when pllutants, like zne and nitrgen dixide, were added t the mix.(他们立刻看到飞蛾轻松地逆风飞行，追踪气味。但当臭氧和二氧化氮等污染物加入到混合物中时，情况就不同了)”以及“Nw, the mths flew in a “Z” line. They seemed t be seeking the scent — ften withut success.(现在，飞蛾排成“Z”字形飞行。它们似乎在寻找气味，但往往没有成功)”可知，研究者们通过观察在有无污染物的环境中，飞蛾飞行行为的变化，从而确定污染物对飞蛾授粉的影响。故选A。
10. D推理判断题。根据第四段““As we knw, pllinatin is imprtant t fd grwers”, nted Jel Thrntn. He’s an atmspheric scientist in the team. He said pllutin culd pse a new type f threat t farming.(“我们知道，授粉对粮食种植者很重要，”乔尔·桑顿指出。他是团队里的大气科学家。他说，污染可能对农业构成一种新的威胁)”可知，研究团队担心空气中的污染物质会对农业造成威胁，从而影响收成。故选D。
11. A主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fr millins f years, bees, mths and ther pllinatrs have used scents (香气) t lcate flwers and transfer pllen (花粉) t any flwers they later visit. But smething is changing tday. When the scents f flwers interact with certain air pllutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destryed. Mths and ther nighttime pllinatrs may find it hard t recgnize the flwers they were seeking, researchers shw.(数百万年来，蜜蜂、飞蛾和其他传粉媒介利用气味来定位花朵，并将花粉传递给它们以后访问的任何花朵。但今天有些事情正在发生变化。当花朵的气味在夜间与某些空气污染物相互作用时，关键的气味就会被破坏。研究人员表示，飞蛾和其他夜间传粉媒介可能很难识别它们正在寻找的花朵)”结合这篇文章中的研究对象为授粉者，研究发现空气中的污染物会对花的香味造成一定的影响，从而影响蜜蜂、飞蛾等授粉者寻找花源。A选项“传粉者：消失在污染物中”最符合文章标题。故选 A。
6.(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性)
In the last few decades, scientists have made enrmus breakthrughs in understanding hw ur brains wrk by mnitring them in real time with fMRI and PET scanners. When peple are hked up t these machines, tasks, such as reading r ding math prblems, each have crrespnding areas f the brain where activities can be bserved. But when researchers gt the participants t listen t music, they saw firewrks. Sme areas f their brains were lighting up at nce, as they prcessed the sund, tk it apart t understand elements like meldy and rhythm, and then put it all back tgether int cmbined musical experience.
Yet when scientists turned frm bserving the brains f music listeners t thse f musicians, the little backyard firewrks became a massive celebratin. It turns ut that playing music is similar t a full-bdy wrkut. Playing a musical instrument engages practically every area f the brain at nce, especially the visual, auditry, and mtr crtices (大脑皮层).
The mst bvius difference between listening t music and playing it is that the latter requires fine mtr skills, which are cntrlled in bth hemispheres (半球) f the brain. It als cmbines the linguistic and mathematical accuracy, in which the left hemisphere is mre invlved, with the nvel and creative cntent that the right excels in.
Because making music als invlves crafting and understanding its emtinal cntent and message, musicians ften have higher levels f executive functin. And, indeed, musicians exhibit enhanced memry functins, creating, string, and retrieving memries mre quickly and efficiently. Studies have fund that’s because musicians use their highly cnnected brains t attach each memry t multiple labels, such as a cnceptual label, an emtinal label, an audi label, and a cntextual label, like a gd Internet search engine.
The recent research abut the mental benefits f playing music has advanced ur understanding f mental functin, revealing the inner rhythms and cmplex interplay that make up the amazing rchestra f ur brain.
12. What des “firewrks” underlined in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. A grand celebratin f sund.B. An act f playing instruments.
C. A burst f activities in the brain.D. A visual effect in perfrmances.
13. In what way is playing music different frm listening t music?
A. It rarely depends n mtr skills.B. It awakens mst f the brain areas.
C. It uses bth hemispheres f the brain.D. It cnnects nvel and creative cntent.
14. Why d musicians perfrm better memry functins?
A. They practise instruments frequently.
B. They label memries as different types.
C. They cnnect the key infrmatin efficiently.
D. They fcus n the emtinal cntent f music.
15. What is the main idea f the text?
A. Listening t music has varius mental benefits.
B. Art activities have psitive impacts n the brain.
C. Playing music activates the brain mre than listening.
D. Thse wh play instruments are brn mre intelligent.
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现音乐对大脑有积极影响，而且与听音乐相比，演奏音乐能激活更多的大脑区域，从而给演奏者带来更多的好处。
12. C词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“Sme areas f their brains were lighting up at nce, as they prcessed the sund, tk it apart t understand elements like meldy and rhythm, and then put it all back tgether int cmbined musical experience. (当他们处理声音的时候，他们大脑的某些区域会立刻活跃起来，把声音拆开来理解旋律和节奏等元素，然后把它们重新组合成综合的音乐体验)”可知，听音乐的人的大脑的某些区域活跃起来，开始处理听到的音乐。由此可知，画线词指的是大脑中突然出现的这些活动。故选C项。
13. C细节理解题。根据第三段中“The mst bvius difference between listening t music and playing it is that the latter requires fine mtr skills, which are cntrlled in bth hemispheres (半球) f the brain. (听音乐和演奏音乐之间最明显的区别是后者需要精细的运动技能，这些技能是由大脑的两个半球控制的)”可知，演奏音乐与听音乐的不同在于前者使用大脑的两个半球。故选C项。
14. B细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studies have fund that’s because musicians use their highly cnnected brains t attach each memry t multiple labels (研究发现，这是因为音乐家使用他们高度连接的大脑将每个记忆与多个标签联系起来)”可知，音乐家表现出更好的记忆功能是因为他们将记忆划分为不同的类型。故选B项。
15. C主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Yet when scientists turned frm bserving the brains f music listeners t thse f musicians, the little backyard firewrks became a massive celebratin. It turns ut that playing music is similar t a full-bdy wrkut. (然而，当科学家们从观察音乐听众的大脑转向观察音乐家的大脑时，后院的小烟火变成了一场盛大的庆祝活动。事实证明，演奏音乐与全身锻炼类似)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现音乐对大脑有积极影响，而且与听音乐相比，演奏音乐能激活更多的大脑区域，从而给演奏者带来更多的好处。故选C项。
7.（2025·沧州市普通高中高三复习质量监测）
The small hbby f chclate is becming a mre cstly ne. Rapidly increasing prices fr cca beans recently hit a recrd $12,000 a tnne: rughly fur times last year’s price. Many think they will g higher. That may put small specialist prducers ut f business. Yet it is bringing little reward t struggling grwers.
The immediate cause is a bad harvest in West Africa—which prduces 70% f the wrld’s beans—reflecting El Niñ-linked weather patterns and disease. Majr prcessing plants in Ghana and Ivry Cast, the main grwers, have stpped r reduced peratins because they cannt affrd the beans. But underlying the crisis are lnger-term issues including the climate crisis and the inability f farmers t invest in prductin due t their lw incmes.
Many West African grwers are being frced ut f the business after years f punishingly lw returns fr their wrk and—as trees cme t the end f their life cycle—ften selling land t gld miners, resulting in severe envirnmental degradatin (恶化). Latin American farmers are rushing t plant cca due t the higher prices, abandning ther crps and defresting new areas. But the likelihd, if prductin bms and the system des nt change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again.
As serius as the situatin lks, the attentin demanded by the rcketing price f cca, and the intrductin f EU Defrestatin Regulatin ffer an pprtunity. Faced with glbal heating, increasing cnflict and energy price instability, depending n the free market is a pr bet. Treating fd issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destrys frests and wrsens the instability f supply.
The slutin in this case is a cmmitment t stable minimum prices fr cca farmers and lng-term cntracts. This wuld help t lift grwers ut f pverty and, in ding s, tackle ther prblems. Sustainable prductin is essential, and will even benefit cnsumers in the lng run. It can’t be achieved by letting the free market run its curse.
12. What might be the cnsequence f rising cca prices?
A. Sme small prducers will fail.B. Cca farmers will benefit greatly.
C. Fewer peple will eat chclate.D. Cca prductin will increase.
13. What will happen if mre Latin American farmers plant cca?
A. Other crps will bst prductin.B. Cca prices will g dwn.
C. The envirnment will be imprved.D. Old cca trees will be abandned.
14. What is the authr’s attitude twards the free market apprach t cca prblems?
A. Defensive.B. Cncerned.C. Optimistic.D. Indifferent.
15. What des the authr suggest in rder t slve the cc a prblem?
A. Allwing the free market t wrk.B. Giving cca farmers mre freedm.
C. Helping cca grwers ut f pverty.D. Prmising a steady guaranteed price.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章分析了可可豆价格上升的原因以及带来的一系列后果，并表达了自己对这一问题的看法，提出了解决方法。
12. A细节理解题。根据第一段二三四句“Rapidly increasing prices fr cca beans recently hit a recrd $12,000 a tnne: rughly fur times last year’s price. Many think they will g higher. That may put small specialist prducers ut f business. (迅速上涨的可可豆价格最近达到创纪录的每吨1.2万美元，大约是去年价格的4倍。许多人认为价格会走得更高。这可能会使小型专业生产商破产。)”可知，可可豆价格的上涨可能会让一些小型生产商破产。故选A。
13. B细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Latin American farmers are rushing t plant cca due t the higher prices, abandning ther crps and defresting new areas. But the likelihd, if prductin bms and the system des nt change, is that by the time their new trees bear fruit, prices may be falling again.(由于可可价格上涨，拉丁美洲农民争相种植可可，放弃了其他作物，并在新的地区砍伐森林。但是，如果产量激增而制度不变，那么等到他们的新树结出果实时，价格可能会再次下跌。)”可知，如果拉丁美洲的农民大规模种植可可，最终可能导致价格再次下跌。故选B。
14. B推理判断题。根据第四段二三句“Faced with glbal heating, increasing cnflict and energy price instability, depending n the free market is a pr bet. Treating fd issues as financial instruments hurts farmers, destrys frests and wrsens the instability f supply.(面对全球变暖、冲突加剧和能源价格不稳定，依靠自由市场是一个糟糕的赌注。将粮食问题视为金融工具会伤害农民，破坏森林，加剧供应不稳定。)”可知，作者认为依靠自由市场很糟糕，很担心这个方法会给农民造成伤害。故选B。
15. D细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The slutin in this case is a cmmitment t stable minimum prices fr cca farmers and lng-term cntracts.(在这种情况下，解决方案是承诺为可可种植者提供稳定的最低价格，并签订长期合同。)”可知，作者认为要解决这个问题，是要保证可可的稳定的价格。故选D。
8.（2025·沧州市普通高中高三复习质量监测）
In 1973, the Natinal Hurricane Center intrduced the Saffir-Simpsn scale (created by Herbert Saffir and Rbert Simpsn), a five-categry rating system that classified hurricanes by wind intensity. At the bttm f the scale was Categry 1, fr strms with sustained winds f 74 t 95 mph. At the tp was Categry 5, fr disasters with winds f 157 mph r mre.
In the half-century since the scale first appeared, land and cean temperatures have steadily risen as a result f greenhuse gas emissins (排放). Hurricanes have becme mre intense, with strnger winds and heavier rainfall.
With disastrus strms regularly blwing past 157 mph, sme scientists argue, the Saffir-Simpsn scale n lnger cnveys the threat the biggest hurricanes present. The strngest hurricane recrded ver the Pacific Ocean has a sustained wind f 215 mph. “That’s faster than a racing car. It’s a new and dangerus wrld,” said Michael F. Wehner, a c-authr f a Categry 6 paper.
“The Saffir-Simpsn scale is nt all that gd fr warning the public f the danger f a strm,” Wehner said. The categry scale measures nly sustained wind speeds, which is just ne f the threats a majr strm presents. The rest are strm surges (风暴潮), flding and big tides.
But the Natinal Hurricane Center has n plans t intrduce a Categry 6, primarily because it is already trying “t nt emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, the Natinal Hurricane Center directr. Other meterlgists said that’s the right call. “I dn’t see the value in it at this time.”
Simplistic as they are, Herbert Saffir and Rbert Simpsn’s categries are the first things many peple think f when they try t grasp the scale f a strm. In that sense, the scale’s persistence (持续存在) ver the years helps peple understand hw much the climate has changed since its intrductin. “What the Saffir-Simpsn scale is gd fr is quantifying, shwing that the mst intense strms are becming mre intense because f climate change,” Wehner said. “It’s nt like it used t be.”
8. Why des Wehner suggest a new rating system?
A. T describe mre intense hurricanes.
B. T cntrl greenhuse gas emissins.
C. T avid the threat f hurricanes timely.
D. T better understand the nature f hurricanes.
9. What des Brennan think f the Categry 6?
A. Primary.B. Needless.C. Valuable.D. Incmplete.
10. What des the last paragraph mainly tell us abut the Saffir-Simpsn scale?
A. Its simplicity.B. Its lng histry.C. Its psitive rle.D. Its great change.
11. What can be the best title fr this text?
A. A New Rating System Is Apprved
B. Climate Change Caused Mre Hurricanes
C. Extreme Weather Has Becme a New Nrm
D. A Bigger Number Might Be Needed fr Hurricanes
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是自1973年国家飓风中心引入了Saffir-Simpsn飓风量表以来的半个世纪里，由于温室气体的排放，陆地和海洋的温度稳步上升，飓风变得更加猛烈，风力更强，降雨量更大，针对于这种情况，Michael F. Wehner提出要建立一个新的评级系统以及专家们对于这种新的评级系统的不同看法。
8. C细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The strngest hurricane recrded ver the Pacific Ocean has a sustained wind f 215 mph. “That’s faster than a racing car. It’s a new and dangerus wrld,” said Michael F. Wehner, a c-authr f a Categry 6 paper. (太平洋上有记录的最强飓风持续风速为每小时215英里。“这比赛车还快。这是一个危险的新世界，”一篇Categry 6论文的合著者Michael F. Wehner说。)”以及文章第四段““The Saffir-Simpsn scale is nt all that gd fr warning the public f the danger f a strm,” Wehner said. The categry scale measures nly sustained wind speeds, which is just ne f the threats a majr strm presents. The rest are strm surges, flding and big tides. (Wehner说：“Saffir-Simpsn量表在警告公众风暴的危险方面并不那么好。”该级别仅衡量持续风速，这只是大风暴带来的威胁之一。其余的是风暴潮、洪水和大潮汐。)”可知由于太平洋上有记录的最强飓风持续风速为比赛车还快的每小时215英里，而大风暴带来的威胁除了持续风速以外还有风暴潮、洪水和大潮汐，而Saffir-Simpsn量表仅衡量持续风速，因此Wehner认为Saffir-Simpsn量表在警告公众风暴的危险方面并不那么好，所以为了更好地警告公众从而预防风暴所带来的危险需要有一个新的评级系统，由此可知Wehner推荐一个新的评级系统是为了及时避开飓风的威胁。故选C项。
9. B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“But the Natinal Hurricane Center has n plans t intrduce a Categry 6, primarily because it is already trying “t nt emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, (但国家飓风中心还没有引入六级飓风计划，主要是因为它已经在努力“不太强调规模”，Brennan说)”以及““I dn’t see the value in it at this time.” (“我现在看不出这有什么价值。”)”可知因为Categry 6不太强调规模，所以Brennan认为引入Categry 6没有什么价值，即没有必要。故选B项。
10. C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Simplistic as they are, Herbert Saffir and Rbert Simpsn’s categries are the first things many peple think f when they try t grasp the scale f a strm. In that sense, the scale’s persistence ver the years helps peple understand hw much the climate has changed since its intrductin. “What the Saffir-Simpsn scale is gd fr is quantifying, shwing that the mst intense strms are becming mre intense because f climate change,” Wehner said. “It’s nt like it used t be.” (赫伯特·萨菲尔和罗伯特·辛普森的分类虽然过于简单，但当许多人试图掌握风暴的规模时，他们首先想到的是这些分类。从这个意义上说，该量表多年来的持续存在有助于人们了解自其引入以来气候发生了多大变化。“Saffir-Simpsn量表的好处在于量化，表明由于气候变化，最强烈的风暴正变得更加强烈。”韦纳说，“和以前不一样了。”)”可知Saffir-Simpsn飓风量表多年来的持续存在有助于人们了解自其引入以来气候发生了多大变化，由此可以推断最后一段主要讲的是Saffir-Simpsn量表的积极作用。故选C项。
11. D主旨大意题。文章第一段“In 1973, the Natinal Hurricane Center intrduced the Saffir-Simpsn scale (created by Herbert Saffir and Rbert Simpsn), a five-categry rating system that classified hurricanes by wind intensity.( 1973年，国家飓风中心引入了萨菲尔-辛普森等级量表（由赫伯特·萨菲尔和罗伯特-辛普森创建），这是一个根据风力强度对飓风进行分类的五类评级系统。)”指出了1973年，国家飓风中心引入了萨菲尔-辛普森等级量表，文章二、三段和第四段集中指出自这种评价首次出现以来的半个世纪里，由于温室气体排放，陆地和海洋的温度稳步上升，飓风变得更强烈，风力更强，降雨量更大。一些科学家认为，由于灾难性的风暴经常超过每小时157英里，萨菲尔-辛普森评价量表不再传达目前最大飓风的威胁，所以Michael F. Wehner提出了6级评价系统，文章第五段“But the Natinal Hurricane Center has n plans t intrduce a Categry 6, primarily because it is already trying “t nt emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, the Natinal Hurricane Center directr. Other meterlgists said that’s the right call. “I dn’t see the value in it at this time.”(但国家飓风中心主任 Brennan说，国家飓风中心没有引入6级评价的计划，主要是因为它已经在努力“不太强调规模”。其他气象学家表示，这是正确的决定。“我现在看不出这有什么价值。”)”指出因为 Categry 6不太强调飓风规模，所以引进Categry 6就没有必要，言外之意是应该引进其他形式的强调规模的评价系统。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是自从萨菲尔—辛普森等级量表引进以来，因为由于温室气体排放，陆地和海洋的温度稳步上升，飓风变得更强烈，风力更强，降雨量更大，所以萨菲尔—辛普森等级量表不能更好地警告公众风暴的危险，因此需要有一个新的评价系统，因为Categry 6不再强调飓风规模，言外之意就是需要引进其他形式的强调规模的量级评价系统，所以D项A Bigger Number Might Be Needed fr Hurricanes (飓风可能需要更大的量级系统)作为文章的标题最合适。故选D项。
9.（2025·河南省新高中创新联盟TOP二十名校高三调研）
The IKEA effect, named after Swedish furniture giant, describes hw peple tend t value an bject mre if they make r assemble (组装) it themselves. Mre bradly, the IKEA effect tells hw we tend t like things mre if we’ve spent effrt t create them.
It ges withut saying that we like t feel like we knw what we’re ding; that we are capable f handling the tasks that are given t us and f dealing with barriers as they cme up. In fact, ur perceived self-efficacy — that is, ur beliefs abut ur wn abilities t perfrm well and take cntrl f ur lives—is an imprtant cmpnent f ur verall mental health.
Research has prvided gd evidence that this self-efficacy can bst a rle in the IKEA effect. In ne experiment, researchers started ut by giving participants fur math prblems t slve. One grup gt very easy prblems (e.g. “Hw likely is it that a fair cin that is thrwn nce will cme up heads?”), while the ther received very difficult nes (e.g. “Yu have fur cins. Three f the cins are nrmal, but ne f them has heads n bth sides. Yu pick a cin at randm withut lking. The cin yu pick has heads n ne side. What are the dds that if yu turn the cin ver, the ther side will be tails?”). The gal f this part f the experiment was t cntrl peple’s sense f cmpetence: the grup that gt the hard prblems was likely t feel stressed ut and incapable, while the easy prblem grup didn’t have their cnfidence shaken at all.
After the math prblems, participants were shwn a picture f a bkcase frm IKEA and asked whether they wuld prefer t buy it pre-assembled r t build it themselves. The results shwed that peple wh had had their sense f cmpetence challenged were mre likely t say they’d prefer t assemble the bkcase n their wn. In ther wrds, feeling like we’re incapable f smething increases ur desire t prve urselves and appear cmpetent, leading us t verstate the value f things we have made.
12. What des the IKEA effect fcus n?
A. Hw t assemble furniture frm IKEA.B. Hw Swedish furniture is made.
C. Hw peple like things they create.D. Hw t increase self-efficacy.
13. Why did the researchers give participants different math prblems?
A. T interpret their reactins.B. T affect their sense f cnfidence.
C. T check their intelligence.D. T make the experiment funnier.
14. What des the text suggest abut the IKEA effect?
A. It nly wrks fr the assembly f furniture.
B. It makes peple undervalue everything they create.
C. It has n influence n peple’s purchasing decisins.
D. It shws peple’s psychlgical needs t feel cmpetent.
15. Hw des the authr supprt the tpic f the text?
A. By presenting an experiment.B. By giving sme definitins.
C. By listing different pinins.D. By sharing persnal experiences.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是“IKEA效应”，即人们倾向于更加重视自己制作或组装的东西，以及这种倾向背后的心理学原理。
12. C细节理解题。根据第一段“The IKEA effect, named after Swedish furniture giant, describes hw peple tend t value an bject mre if they make r assemble (组装) it themselves.(宜家效应以瑞典家具巨头宜家命名，它描述了人们如何倾向于更重视自己制作或组装的物品。)”可知，宜家效应关注的是人们如何对自己创造的东西的喜爱。故选C。
13. B推理判断题。根据第三段“The gal f this part f the experiment was t cntrl peple’s sense f cmpetence(这部分实验的目的是控制人们的能力感)”可知，给参与者不同的数学问题是为了影响他们的自信心。故选B。
14. D推理判断题。根据第三段“Research has prvided gd evidence that this self-efficacy can bst a rle in the IKEA effect.(研究提供了充分的证据表明，这种自我效能感可以促进宜家效应。)”及第四段“In ther wrds, feeling like we’re incapable f smething increases ur desire t prve urselves and appear cmpetent, leading us t verstate the value f things we have made.(换句话说，感觉自己无能为力会增加我们证明自己和表现出能力的欲望，导致我们夸大自己所做的事情的价值。)”可推断，宜家效应表明人有一种感觉自己有能力的心理需求。故选D。
15. A推理判断题。根据第三段“In ne experiment, researchers started ut by giving participants fur math prblems t slve. One grup gt very easy prblems (e.g. “Hw likely is it that a fair cin that is thrwn nce will cme up heads?”), while the ther received very difficult nes (e.g. “Yu have fur cins. Three f the cins are nrmal, but ne f them has heads n bth sides. Yu pick a cin at randm withut lking. The cin yu pick has heads n ne side. What are the dds that if yu turn the cin ver, the ther side will be tails?”).(在一项实验中，研究人员首先让参与者解决四个数学问题。一组的问题非常简单（例如，“投掷一次公平硬币，正面朝上的可能性有多大？”），而另一组的问题则非常困难（例如，“你有四枚硬币。其中三枚硬币是正常的，但其中一枚两面都是正面。你在不看的情况下随机取出一枚硬币。你捡到的硬币一面是正面。如果你把硬币翻转过来，反面是反面的概率是多少？”）。)”可知，作者通过展示一个实验来支持文章的主题，故选A。
10.（2025·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三期中）
Research int whether the human vice helps plants isn't cnclusive. Even s, there are cnvincing reasns that chatting up yur ptted friends is gd fr them—and yu.
Plants dn't interrupt when yu' re speaking. They dn't argue r ask difficult questins. And regardless f whether they're actually listening, research has shwn them t be a calming presence. It's n wnder, then, that s many f us talk t urs.
In a 2022 survey by trees. cm. 50 percent f the 1, 250 respndents reprted talking t their plants and trees. When asked why, 65 percent said they believe it helps them grw. The research. hwever, isn't definitive abut this pint. While studies have fund that vibratins (震动) caused by sund d affect plants, the jury's still ut n whether the human vice ffers any specific benefit.
A study in a 2003 issue f the jurnal Ultrasnics investigated the effects f classical music and the sunds f birds, insects and water n the grwth f Chinese cabbage and cucumber. The cnclusin? Bth frms f sund expsure increased the vegetables' grwth.
“Plants definitely respnd t vibratins in their envirnment — which can cause plants t grw differently and becme mre resistant t falling ver, " says Heidi Appel. a prfessr f envirnmental sciences at the University f Tled in Ohi. “Thse vibratins can cme frm airbrne (空气传播的) sunds r insects mving n the plants themselves. And plants will respnd differently t tnes and music than t silence. "
Despite the lack f studies and evidence abut the benefits f talking t yur plants, there is at least ne ptential benefit. “If we identify with a living rganism that we' re tasked with taking care f, we' re ging t take better car c f it, " Appel says. Fr example, if talking t yur plants helps yu feel mre cnnected t them, yu might water, dust and prune (修剪) them mre regularly and take ther measures t care fr them and help them thrive.
8. What des “the jury's still ut” imply abut the effect f the human vice n plants in the paragraph 3?
A. The result is still up in the air.B. The fact will be prven.
C. General agreement has been reached.D. The pssibility is ruled ut.
9. What des Heidi Appel suggest abut the relatinship between plants and humans?
A. Plants prefer music ver ther sunds.
B. Sund has little effect n plant grwth.
C. Feeling cnnected t plants can lead t better care.
D. Plants can cmmunicate with humans thrugh sund.
10. What is the authr's attitude t the benefits f talking t plants?
A. Indifferent and uncnvinced.B. Objective with a psitive utlk.
C. Critical and dismissive.D. Highly enthusiastic and supprtive.
11. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The best ways t care fr plants.B. The histry f plant research.
C. Hw talking t plants can affect them.D. The advantages f indr gardening.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与自己养的盆栽植物聊天有利于其生长，同时对植物主人也有利这一研究。
8. A词句猜测题。划线部分后文提到“whether the human vice ffers any specific benefit”（人类的声音是否有任何特殊的好处），此处表示人类的声音是否有好处仍未可知，说明这个研究尚无定论，结果仍悬而未决。故选A。
9. C细节理解题。最后一段提到““If we identify with a living rganism that we' re tasked with taking care f, we' re ging t take better car c f it, " Appel says. Fr example, if talking t yur plants helps yu feel mre cnnected t them, yu might water, dust and prune (修剪) them mre regularly and take ther measures t care fr them and help them thrive.”（阿佩尔说：“如果我们认同我们有责任照顾的生命体，我们就会更好地照顾它。”例如，如果和你的植物交谈能让你感觉和它们更亲近，你可以更经常地给它们浇水、除尘和修剪，并采取其他措施来照顾它们，帮助它们茁壮成长。）由此判断，如果人类觉得与植物之间有关联，则会更加用心地照顾他们。故选C。
10. B推理判断题。第一段提到“Research int whether the human vice helps plants isn't cnclusive.”（关于人类声音是否有助于植物的研究尚无定论。）以及最后一段提到“Despite the lack f studies and evidence abut the benefits f talking t yur plants, there is at least ne ptential benefit.”（尽管缺乏关于与植物交谈的好处的研究和证据，但至少有一个潜在的好处。）由此判断，虽然人类声音与植物生长之间的关系尚无定论论，但是全文仍然从客观的角度上谈到了与植物交流的好处，作者对于与植物交谈这项研究整体是积极但客观的。故选B。
11. C主旨大意题。第一段提到“Research int whether the human vice helps plants isn't cnclusive. Even s, there are cnvincing reasns that chatting up yur ptted friends is gd fr them—and yu.”（关于人类声音是否有助于植物的研究尚无定论。即便如此，有令人信服的理由表明，和盆栽朋友聊天对它和你都有好处。）后文中还提到了人声、音乐、自然界的声音对于植物的生长都有促进作用，以及最后一段提到““If we identify with a living rganism that we' re tasked with taking care f, we' re ging t take better car c f it, " Appel says. Fr example, if talking t yur plants helps yu feel mre cnnected t them, yu might water, dust and prune (修剪) them mre regularly and take ther measures t care fr them and help them thrive.”（阿佩尔说：“如果我们认同我们有责任照顾的生命体，我们就会更好地照顾它。”例如，如果和你的植物交谈能让你感觉和它们更亲近，你可以更经常地给它们浇水、除尘和修剪，并采取其他措施来照顾它们，帮助它们茁壮成长。）”由此判断，文章主要探讨与植物交谈可能带来的影响。故选C。
11.（2025·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三期中）Why des ne plus ne equal tw? One pssible answer is “It just des!” Math can seem like a wrld f rules yu just have t fllw, which makes it seem rigid and bring. Whereas my lve f math is smewhat driven by my lve f breaking rules, r at least pushing against them.
Smetimes, ne plus ne can equal mre than tw. If yu and yur friend bth have enugh cash t buy ne cup f cffee, then tgether yu still might have enugh t buy three. If ne pair f tennis players gets tgether with anther pair fr an afternn f tennis, there ends up being mre than tw pairs f tennis players because they culd play in all srts f different cmbinatins.
Smetimes, ne plus ne is just ne, like if yu put a pile f sand n tp f anther pile f sand, then yu just get n c pile f sand. Or, as an art student f mine pinted ut, if yu mix ne clr with ne clr, yu get ne clr.
Actually, Math isn't really abut getting the right answer. It's abut building gd justificatins. I ften hear parents cmplaining if children can d smething ne way, why d they need t knw all these ther ways?
Imagine we were designing a jungle gym fr children. We'd want t test it in every pssible way t make sure it's safe. We'd want t jump n it, swing frm it, fall frm it and try t pull it ut f the grund, rather than simply trusting that we built it well. The slidity f math cmes frm nt wanting t trust things, but wanting t jump and swing and knw that ur framewrk will hld up. One f the reasns the framewrk is s strng is preciscly because we questin it s deeply.
I hpe that we will start seeing mathematics as a place t pse questins and explre answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed and we' re suppsed t knw them. And I hpe we will place mre emphasis n thse wh are curius, and wh fllw their curisity n a jurney that may be slw and withut a clear destinatin, a quiet walk thrugh the cuntryside rather than a race t the finish.
12. In what way des the authr apprach mathematical rules?
A. Thinking utside the bx.B. Fllwing them strictly.
C. Finding them entertaining.D. Recgnizing their imprtance.
13. In the cntext f tennis players, what des the authr mean by “ne plus ne can be mre than tw”?
A. Tennis players can teach each ther new techniques.
B. Mre tennis equipment is needed fr each additinal player.
C. The enjyment f tennis dubles when mre players are invlved.
D. Tw pairs f tennis players can frm multiple dubles cmbinatins.
14. What is the purpse f mentining the jungle gym in paragraph 5?
A. T simplify the cmplexity f mathematical learning.
B. T illustrate the value f diverse mathematical appraches.
C. T demnstrate that math is nly useful in practical applicatins.
D. T argue that a single methd is sufficient fr understanding math.
15. What des the authr hpe fr the future f mathematics?
A. It will becme mre rule-based.B. It will fcus n getting the crrect answer.
C. It will prmte the jy f discvery.D. It will emphasize speed and efficiency.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨数学的本质和价值，作者认为数学不仅仅是关于正确答案，而是关于构建合理的解释和证明。他通过日常生活中的例子说明，有时“一加一”可以等于更多或更少，这取决于具体情境。作者强调了数学的探索性和质疑精神的重要性，认为数学是一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个固定答案需要被记忆的地方。他还希望人们能够更加重视那些好奇并跟随好奇心进行可能缓慢且没有明确目的地的旅程的人。
12. A推理判断题。根据第一段“Whereas my lve f math is smewhat driven by my lve f breaking rules, r at least pushing against them.(然而，我对数学的热爱在某种程度上是由我喜欢打破规则，或者至少挑战它们的热爱所驱动的)”可知，作者对数学的热爱在某种程度上是由喜欢打破规则，或者至少挑战它们的热爱所驱动的。由此推知，作者对数学规则的态度是跳出固有思维。故选A。
13. D推理判断题。根据第二段“If ne pair f tennis players gets tgether with anther pair fr an afternn f tennis, there ends up being mre than tw pairs f tennis players because they culd play in all srts f different cmbinatins.(如果一对网球选手和另一对网球选手一起打一个下午的网球，最后会有不止两对网球选手，因为他们可以以各种不同的组合方式比赛)”可知，作者认为网球选手可以以各种不同的组合方式比赛。由此推知，作者的意思是两对网球选手可以形成多种双打组合产生“一加一可以大于二”的效果。故选D。
14. B推理判断题。根据第五段“Imagine we were designing a jungle gym fr children. We'd want t test it in every pssible way t make sure it's safe. We'd want t jump n it, swing frm it, fall frm it and try t pull it ut f the grund, rather than simply trusting that we built it well. The slidity f math cmes frm nt wanting t trust things, but wanting t jump and swing and knw that ur framewrk will hld up. One f the reasns the framewrk is s strng is preciscly because we questin it s deeply.(想象一下，我们为孩子们设计一个丛林游乐场。我们会想尽一切可能的方法来测试它以确保它的安全。我们会想跳上去，从上面荡秋千，从上面掉下来，甚至试图把它从地上拔出来，而不是仅仅相信我们建造得很好。数学的稳固性来自于不想信任事物，而是想要跳跃和摆动，并知道我们的框架会保持稳固。这个框架之所以如此强大，正是因为我们对它进行了深入的质疑)”可知，作者通过提到丛林健身房说明多样化的数学方法的价值。由此推知，在第五段提到丛林健身房的目的是为了说明多样化的数学方法的价值。故选B。
15. C细节理解题。根据最后一段“I hpe that we will start seeing mathematics as a place t pse questins and explre answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed and we' re suppsed t knw them (我希望我们将开始把数学视为一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个答案固定且我们应该知道它们的地方)”可知，作者希望数学的未来能够促进发现的乐趣。故选C。
12.（2025·辽宁省辽南协作体高三月考）
Yung kids’ brains are very sensitive (敏感的) t their mms’ vices, science has shwn. But as kids grw int teens, everything changes. Teenagers’ brains are nw mre sensitive t strangers’ vices than thse f their wn mms’, new research shws.
The researchers studied the brains f 7- t 16-year-lds as they listened t things said by their mms r by unfamiliar wmen. The wrds were gibberish: teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. Using such meaningless wrds allwed the scientists t study the vices, nt what they were saying. As the kids listened, certain parts f their brains became active. This was especially true in brain areas that help us t find rewards and pay attentin.
Daniel Abrams, a researcher at Stanfrd University, says that yunger kids’ brains respnd mre strngly t their mms’ vices than t strangers’. Hwever, in adlescence (青春期), we shw the exact ppsite.
“These areas in the adlescent brains dn’t stp respnding t mms’ vices,” Abrams explains. “It’s just that unfamiliar vices becme mre wrthy f attentin. Here’s why: As kids grw up, they widen their scial cnnectins beynd their family. S their brains need t begin paying mre attentin t that wider wrld.”
But mms’ vices still have special pwer, especially in times f stress, a 2011 study with girls shwed. Levels f stress drpped when these girls heard their mms’ vices n the phne.
The brain seems t adapt t new needs that cme with adlescence. “As we grw up, ur survival depends less and less n ur mms’ supprt.” says Leslie Seltzer, a bilgical anthrplgist at the University f Wiscnsin-Madisn. “Instead we rely mre and mre n ur friends and thers dser t ur wn age.”
“S while bth teens and their parents may smetimes feel annyed, that’s OK,” Abrams says. “This is the way the brain is wired, and there’s a gd reasn fr it.”
8. What des the underlined wrd “gibberish” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Questin.B. Stry.C. Saying.D. Nnsense.
9. Why d teens becme mre sensitive t unfamiliar vices?
A. They need mre cnnectins.B. They desire real understanding.
C. They are tired f their mms.D. They have mre energy t spare.
10. What are mms’ vices like t teens accrding t the 2011 study?
A. Exciting.B. Unpleasant.C. Cmfrting.D. Strange.
11. What is Daniel Abrams’ pinin n teens’ change in their vice preference?
A. It deserves scientific preventin.B. It is nrmal and understandable.
C. It is discuraging and prblematic.D. It negatively affects their grwth.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是当孩子们变成青少年时，陌生的声音会变得比妈妈的声音更有吸引力，这其中是有科学依据的。
8. D词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt”和“Using such meaningless wrds(用这些无意义的词语)”可推知，画线词gibberish的意思是“无意义的话”，与nnsense的意思最为接近。故选D。
9. A细节理解题。根据第四段“It’s just that unfamiliar vices becme mre wrthy f attentin. Here’s why: As kids grw up, they widen their scial cnnectins beynd their family. S their brains need t begin paying mre attentin t that wider wrld.(只是不熟悉的声音变得更值得关注。原因如下：随着孩子的成长，他们扩大了家庭以外的社会关系。所以他们的大脑需要开始更多地关注更广阔的世界。)”可知，青少年对陌生的声音反应更敏感是因为他们需要扩大自己的社交关系。故选A。
10. C推理判断题。根据第五段“But mms’ vices still have special pwer, especially in times f stress, a 2011 study with girls shwed. Levels f stress drpped when these girls heard their mms’ vices n the phne.(但2011年一项针对女孩的研究显示，母亲的声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。当这些女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的压力水平下降了。)”可推断，对于青少年来说，妈妈的声音让青少年感到安慰。故选C。
11. B推理判断题。根据最后一段““S while bth teens and their parents may smetimes feel annyed, that’s OK,” Abrams says. “This is the way the brain is wired, and there’s a gd reasn fr it.”(Abrams说：“所以，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时会感到恼火，但这没关系。”“这就是大脑的连接方式，这是有充分理由的。”)”可推断，Daniel Abrams认为青少年的声音偏爱的变化是正常且可以理解的。故选B。
13.（2025·辽宁省辽南协作体高三月考）
Antaretica (南极洲) is the cldest place n Earth. It’s als the driest. With annual rainfall clse t zer, Antaretica is technically a desert. Cvering abut 14 millin square kilmeters arund the Suth Ple, it is the fifth largest cntinent in the wrld. A high muntain range, the Trans- Antarctic range, runs frm east t west, cutting the cntinent in tw. There are vlcanes t, but they are nt very active. Antarctica hlds 90% f the wrld’s ice, and mst f its fresh water (70%) is in a frzen state, f curse.98% f the surface is cvered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is tw kilmeters thick, but in sme places it reaches a depth f five kilmeters. Strng winds driven by gravity blw frm the ple t the castline, while ther winds blw rund the cast. It is difficult t imagine a mre inhspitable (不宜居的) place.
Yet Antarctica is full f wildlife, which has adapted t its extreme cnditins. There are different types f penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the lng Antarctic winter night, which lasts fr 182 days( the lngest perid f cntinuus darkness n earth), as well as the extreme cld and lack f rainfall, means that few types f plants can survive there. Only tw types f flwering plants are fund, while there are n trees n the large cntinent. The rest f the plants are made up f msses, algae and lichen. Sme frms f algae have adapted t grw n ice.
Mst f the ice has been there fr thusands f years. As a result, it has becme a windw n the past, and can give researchers lts f useful infrmatin. Gases and minerals, in the’ frm f vlcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lt abut what the wrld’s climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rcks are als very imprtant fr research. Mst f them are meterites (陨石) frm uter space. One rck, knwn as the “Alien” rck, may cntain evidence f extra- terrestrial (外星人) life.
Antarctica was the last cntinent t be discvered. But mre than tw thusand years ag Greek gegraphers believed that there was a large land mass in the suth which balanced the land in the nrth. They called it Anti- Arktiks, r Antarctica: the ppsite f Aretic (北极). When Eurpeans discvered the cntinent f America in 15 century, the great age f explratin began. Hwever, prgress t the Suth Ple was slw. Nt until the late 18h century did the British explrer James Ck crss the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in1895, a Nrwegian called Carstens Brchgrevink became the first man t set ft n the Antarctic mainland. The race t the ple had begun. It was finally reached n 11- December,1911 by the Nrwegian Rald Amundsen.
12. What des the authr mainly want t tell us in Paragraph 2?
A. All Antarctic plants grw n ice.
B. Animals can’t survive the Antarctic plar night.
C. Antarctica has a great variety f plants.
D. Despite the extreme cnditins in Antarctica, many plants and animals live there.
13. What des the authr intend t shw with the example f the“ Alien(外星人)” rck?
A. There are aliens in Antarctica.B. Meterites all cntain evidence f alien existence.
C. There’s a lt t study in Antarctica.D. Rcks are rare in Antarctica.
14. What culd we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. The Greek gegraphers fund the Antarctica.
B. James Ck was the first explrer wh reached the Suth Ple.
C. A Nrwegian reached the Suth Ple first.
D. Humans first set ft n the Antarctic mainland in 1911.
15. What makes the best title fr the passage?
A. A Race t the Suth PleB. Antarctica: the Last Cntinent
C. The wildlife f AntarcticaD. Antarctica: A desert
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极洲的地理特征、气候、野生动植物以及科学研究价值等方面的信息。
12. D主旨大意题。根据第二段“Yet Antarctica is full f wildlife, which has adapted t its extreme cnditins. There are different types f penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the lng Antarctic winter night, which lasts fr 182 days (the lngest perid f cntinuus darkness n earth) , as well as the extreme cld and lack f rainfall, means that few types f plants can survive there. Only tw types f flwering plants are fund, while there are n trees n the large cntinent. The rest f the plants are made up f msses, algae and lichen. Sme frms f algae have adapted t grw n ice.(然而，南极洲到处都是野生动物，它们已经适应了这里的极端环境。有不同种类的企鹅、飞鸟、海豹和鲸鱼。但南极漫长的冬夜长达182天(地球上最长的连续黑暗时期)，加上极端寒冷和缺乏降雨，意味着很少有植物能在那里生存。只有两种开花植物被发现，而在这个大大陆上没有树木。其余的植物由苔藓、藻类和地衣组成。有些种类的藻类已经适应了在冰上生长)”可知，本段主要讲述了尽管南极洲条件极端，但许多动植物都生活在那里。故选D项。
13. C推理判断题。根据第三段“Mst f the ice has been there fr thusands f years. As a result, it has becme a windw n the past, and can give researchers lts f useful infrmatin. Gases and minerals, in the frm f vlcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lt abut what the wrld’s climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rcks are als very imprtant fr research. Mst f them are meterites (陨石) frm uter space. One rck, knwn as the “Alien” rck, may cntain evidence f extra-terrestrial (外星人) life.(大部分冰已经存在了数千年。因此，它已经成为一个过去的窗口，可以给研究人员提供许多有用的信息。气体和矿物质，以火山灰的形式被困在冰中，可以告诉我们很多关于过去世界气候的信息。南极岩石对研究也很重要。其中大部分是来自外太空的陨石。其中一块岩石，被称为“外星”岩石，可能包含外星生命的证据)”可知，作者想用“外星”岩石的例子说明南极洲有很多值得研究的地方。故选C项。
14. C细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Nt until the late 18h century did the British explrer James Ck crss the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Nrwegian called Carstens Brchgrevink became the first man t set ft n the Antarctic mainland. The race t the ple had begun. It was finally reached n 11th December, 1911 by the Nrwegian Rald Amundsen.(直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越南极圈，但他从未见过陆地。1895年，一位名叫卡斯滕斯·波格雷文克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。到极点的竞赛开始了。1911年12月11日，挪威人罗尔德·阿蒙森终于到达了这里)”可知，挪威人首先到达南极。故选C项。
15. B主旨大意题。根据第一段“Antarctica (南极洲) is the cldest place n Earth. It’s als the driest. With annual rainfall clse t zer, Antarctica is technically a desert. Cvering abut 14 millin square kilmeters arund the Suth Ple, it is the fifth largest cntinent in the wrld. A high muntain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs frm east t west, cutting the cntinent in tw. There are vlcanes t, but they are nt very active. Antarctica hlds 90% f the wrld’s ice, and mst f its fresh water (70%) is in a frzen state, f curse. 98% f the surface is cvered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is tw kilmeters thick, but in sme places it reaches a depth f five kilmeters. Strng winds driven by gravity blw frm the ple t the castline, while ther winds blw rund the cast. It is difficult t imagine a mre inhspitable (不宜居的) place.(南极洲是地球上最冷的地方。它也是最干燥的。由于年降雨量接近于零，严格来说，南极洲是一片沙漠。它环绕南极，面积约1400万平方公里，是世界上第五大大陆。横贯南极的山脉从东向西延伸，将大陆一分为二。那里也有火山，但不是很活跃。南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然，它的大部分淡水(70%)都处于冻结状态。98%的表面永久地被冰盖覆盖着。冰盖的平均厚度为两公里，但在某些地方，冰盖的深度达到五公里。由重力驱动的强风从极点吹向海岸线，而其他风则绕着海岸吹。很难想象还有比这里更荒凉的地方了)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了南极洲的地理特征、气候、野生动植物、科学研究价值以及其被发现的过程等方面的信息。由此可知，用B项“Antarctica: the Last Cntinent(南极洲：最后的大陆)”作为本文的标题，与主题相符合。故选B项。
14.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）
A study led by UC Riverside (UCR) atmspheric scientists predicts that unchecked carbn emissins(排放物) will frce trpical rains t shift nrthward in the cming decades, which wuld prfundly impact the regins near the Earth's equatr.
The nrthward rain shift is caused by cmplex atmspheric changes. These changes are driven by carbn emissins, which in turn influence the frmatin f trpical cnvergence (汇集) znes. Thse znes are essentially atmspheric engines that drive abut a third f the wrld’s rainfall, which Antny P. Thmas, a prfessr f climate change and sustainability at UCR reprted in a paper published in the jurnal Nature Climate Change.
Trpical regins n either side the equatr, such as central African natins, nrthern Suth America, and Pacific island states wuld be the mst affected. Majr crps in these regins include cffee, cca, palm il, bananas, sugarcane, tea, manges, and pineapples.
Trpical rainfrests can have as much as 14 feet f rain a year. “The rainfall change is enrmus,” Antny said. “It's a very heavy rainfall regin. S, a small shift will cause big changes in the ecnmy f the scieties. It will affect many regins.”
Antny and his clleagues used advanced cmputer mdels t predict the atmspheric influence f carbn dixide emissins frm cntinued burning f fssil fuels and ther surces.” This climate mdel included many cmpnents f the atmsphere, cean, sea ice, and land. All these cmpnents are interacting with each ther,” he said. “Basically, we try t simulate the real wrld. In the mdel, we can increase ur carbn dixide emissins frm pre-industrial levels t much higher levels.”
The analysis accunted fr hw carbn emissins influence the amunt f radiant energy at the tp f atmsphere. It als cnsidered the changes in sea ice, water vapr and clud frmatin. These and ther factrs resulted in cnditins that push the rain- frming cnvergence znes nrthward by as much as 0.2 degrees n average.
8. What may be the main cause f the rain shift?
A. The rainfrests.B. Carbn emissins.
C. The Earth's equatr.D. Ecnmic grwth.
9. Hw des Antny feel abut the rain shift?
A. Cnfused.B. Grateful.C. Wrried.D. Indifferent.
10. Which wrd can best describe the study?
A. Cmprehensive.B. Widespread.C. Fruitful.D. Histric.
11. What can be inferred frm the text?
A. The rain shift is unrelated t human activities.
B. The rain shift threatens equatrial agriculture.
C. The study’s cmputer mdels were nt precise enugh.
D. The impact f the rain shift will be limited t remte areas.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述一项研究预测，不受控制的碳排放将迫使热带降雨在未来几十年内向北移动，将对地球赤道附近的地区产生深远影响。
8. B细节理解题。根据第二段中“These changes are driven by carbn emissins, which in turn influence the frmatin f trpical cnvergence(汇集) znes.(这些变化是由碳排放驱动的，而碳排放反过来又影响热带辐合带的形成。)”可知，雨带的移动主要是由碳排放引起的。故选B。
9. C推理判断题。根据第四段的““The rainfall change is enrmus,” Antny said. “It’s a very heavy rainfall regin. S, a small shift will cause big changes in the ecnmy f the scieties. It will affect many regins.”(“降雨量变化很大，”安东尼说。“这是一个雨量非常大的地区。所以，一个小的转变会引起社会经济的大变化。它将影响许多地区。”)可知，安东尼认为一个小小的转变会导致社会经济的巨大变化。它将影响许多地区。因此推断Antny对雨带的移动感到担忧。故选C。
10. A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Antny and his clleagues used advanced cmputer mdels t predict the atmspheric influence f carbn dixide emissins frm cntinued burning f fssil fuels and ther surces.” This climate mdel included many cmpnents f the atmsphere, cean, sea ice, and land.(安东尼和他的同事使用先进的计算机模型来预测持续燃烧化石燃料和其他来源产生的二氧化碳排放对大气的影响。这个气候模型包括了大气、海洋、海冰和陆地的许多组成部分。)”可知，研究使用了“先进的计算机模型”以及考虑了多个影响因素,可见这项研究是全面的。故选A。
11. B推理判断题。根据第三段“Trpical regins n either side the equatr, such as central African natins, nrthern Suth America, and Pacific island states wuld be the mst affected. Majr crps in these regins include cffee, cca, palm il, bananas, sugarcane, tea, manges, and pineapples.(赤道两侧的热带地区，如中非国家、南美洲北部和太平洋岛国，将受到最严重的影响。这些地区的主要作物包括咖啡、可可、棕榈油、香蕉、甘蔗、茶、芒果和菠萝。)”可知，热带地区主要农作物可能受影响，说明雨带的移动威胁了赤道地区的农业。故选B。
15.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三上学期8月摸底）
When we, as humans, get slightly injured, we treat ur wn wunds. Even smetimes we g t see dctrs. But in the wild animal kingdm, medical care is much different. Fr ne Sumatran rangutan (猩猩) , a facial wund maybe lethal because it culd cause infectin and pain. Hwever, the large range primate (灵长目动物) fund a way t treat himself using a native-grwing plant.
Rakus, a Sumatran rangutan, lives in Suaq Balimbing, Indnesia. Sumatran rangutans, with nly abut 14, 613 surviving, are faced with dying ut. Bilgists study the great apes in their habitats. When they nticed Rakus' wund they paid attentin t it. But what happened three days later surprised them. Rakus applied a plant called Akar Kuning t his wund, creating a prtective layer ver the wund.
The plant is knwn fr reducing pain and preventing infectin, but it is nt a fd fr the lcal rangutans.
Bilgists say, “It is pssible that Rakus brught this knwledge frm his birthplace. Therefre, it is pssible that the behavir is shwn by mre individuals like him utside the Suaq research area.”
Luckily fr Rakus, his treatment wrked and his wund was cured withut incident. While ther examples f great apes treating wunds have been recrded, the selective treatment f nly the wund and the layering f plant material in different cnsistencies were marvelus (了不起的) .
Accrding t the bilgists, this remarkable bservatin is the first reprt f active wund management with a bilgical active substance in a great ape species and prvides new insights int the existence f self-medicatin in ur clsest relatives.
8．What des the underlined wrd “lethal” in Paragraph I prbably mean?
A．DeadlyB．AvidableC．CurableD．Obvius.
9．What surprised bilgists abut Rakus during their research?
A．It feeds n Akar Kuning-a lcal plantB．Its habitats has been destryed whlly.
C．It can't deal with its wunds timelyD．It uses a native plant t cure itself
10．Which is right abut the bservatin n Sumatran rangutans?
A．It fcuses n animal prtectin
B．It first brught in bilgical active materials
C．It makes fr knwing well f self-medicatin in the species
D．It makes a big difference t saving apes in danger
11．Where is the passage prbably taken frm?
A．A news reprtB．A science fictin
C．A gegraphic magazineD．A pster abut endangered animals
【答案】8．A 9．D 10．C 11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现一只苏门答腊猩猩可以用一种本土的植物来疗伤。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段“because it culd cause infectin and pain (因为它会引起感染和疼痛)”可知，苏门答腊猩猩面部的伤可能是致命的，因为会导致感染或者疼痛，所以推测划线词意思是“致命的”。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“But what happened three days later surprised them. Rakus applied a plant called Akar Kuning t his wund, creating a prtective layer ver the wund. (但是三天后发生的事使他们吃惊。拉库斯在伤口上涂了一种叫做阿卡·库宁的植物，在伤口上形成了一层保护层。)”可知，Rakus用一种本地植物来治愈自己，这让生物研究者深感惊讶。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段“this remarkable bservatin is the first reprt f active wund management with a bilgical active substance in a great ape species and prvides new insights int the existence f self-medicatin in ur clsest relatives. (这一引人注目的观察结果是首次报道在类人猿物种中使用生物活性物质进行主动伤口治疗，并为我们最近的亲戚中存在自我药物治疗提供了新的见解。)”可知，关于苏门答腊猩猩的观察，让我们对这个物种的自我治疗有了更好的了解。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。通读全文可知，该文主要讲述苏门答腊猩猩可以用一种本土的植物来疗伤。故推知文章可能摘自新闻报道。故选A项。
16.（2025·河南省安阳市多校联考）
When we encunter new infrmatin, the brain quickly ges int the pattern-recgnitin mde. If it reminds us f smething we’ve encuntered befre, we knw hw t respnd. But what will happen when the new infrmatin desn’t “fit” with the existing understanding? That’s when the brain really gets excited. The brain desn’t just detect new infrmatin— it needs nvelty.
As Judy Willis, MD explains in Hw Yur Child Learns Best, a part f the brain called the Reticular Activating System (RAS) filters (过滤) incming infrmatin, deciding which data can be prcessed autmatically and which deserves ur full attentin. Surprise and nvelty are the attentin-grabbers. In the classrm, this means that changing rutines, asking students t analyze similarities and differences, rganizing field trips, and inviting guest visitrs all help keep learning fresh.
In his article Hw the Brain Learns Best, psychiatrist and child psychlgist Bruce Perry explains why repetitive classrm activities, such as lectures r wrksheets, limit the brain’s desire fr nvelty and can interfere with learning. “Only fur t eight minutes f pure factual lecture can be tlerated befre the brain seeks ther infrmatin, either internal (daydreaming) r external (Wh is that man walking dwn the hall?). If the teacher is nt prviding that nvelty, the brain will g elsewhere,” he writes.
Integrating a strng arts prgram is ne way educatrs can capture students’ curisity and keep them engaged. Accrding t a recent landmark reprt frm the President’s Cmmittee n the Arts and the Humanities, the benefits f studying the arts g far beynd enrichment. Research fund that a high-quality prgram can imprve student engagement, fcus attentin, heighten educatinal ambitins, and increase intellectual risk-taking. And planning inquiry-driven prjects that are cnsistent with students’ interests will bst engagement and cut dwn n bredm, which is actually a stressr fr yung brains.
12．Hw des the brain deal with infrmatin accrding t Judy Willis, MD?
A．It classifies the infrmatin.
B．It ignres familiar infrmatin.
C．It spends lng time analysing the infrmatin.
D．It stres new infrmatin autmatically.
13．What des Bruce Perry argue in his article?
A．Keeping rutines imprves learning.
B．Giving lectures is the mst effective way f teaching.
C．The brain lngs fr nvelty t stay engaged in learning.
D．External surrundings mean mre than internal seeking regarding nvelty.
14．Hw des the authr develp the text?
A．By making cmparisns.B．By quting prfessinal figures.
C．By presenting a persnal statement.D．By intrducing an experiment.
15．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．The Imprtance f Nvelty in Educatin
B．The Brain’s Respnse t New Infrmatin
C．Effective Classrm Activities fr Learning
D．Understanding the Reticular Activating System
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新奇在教育中的重要性，以及如何通过新奇来吸引学生的注意力和提高学习效果。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“As Judy Willis, MD explains in Hw Yur Child Learns Best, a part f the brain called the Reticular Activating System (RAS) filters(过滤) incming infrmatin, deciding which data can be prcessed autmatically and which deserves ur full attentin.(正如医学博士朱迪·威利斯(Judy Willis)在《你的孩子如何学习得最好》一书中解释的那样，大脑中有一个叫做网状激活系统(RAS)的部分过滤传入的信息，决定哪些数据可以自动处理，哪些值得我们充分关注。)”可知，大脑会对信息进行分类，决定哪些信息可以自动处理，哪些需要我们全神贯注。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Only fur t eight minutes f pure factual lecture can be tlerated befre the brain seeks ther infrmatin, either internal (daydreaming) r external (Wh is that man walking dwn the hall?). If the teacher is nt prviding that nvelty, the brain will g elsewhere(只有4到8分钟的纯事实性演讲是可以容忍的，然后大脑就会寻找其他信息，要么是内部信息(做白日梦)，要么是外部信息(走在大厅里的那个人是谁?)如果老师不能提供这种新鲜感，大脑就会转向别处)”可知，大脑渴望新奇的事物以保持学习的参与度。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“As Judy Willis, MD explains in Hw Yur Child Learns Best, a part f the brain called the Reticular Activating System (RAS) filters(过滤) incming infrmatin,(正如医学博士朱迪·威利斯(Judy Willis)在《你的孩子如何学习得最好》一书中解释的那样，大脑中有一个叫做网状激活系统(RAS)的部分过滤传入的信息)”和第三段“In his article Hw the Brain Learns Best, psychiatrist and child psychlgist Bruce Perry explains why repetitive classrm activities, such as lectures r wrksheets, limit the brain’s desire fr nvelty and can interfere with learning.(精神病学家和儿童心理学家布鲁斯·佩里在他的文章《大脑如何最好地学习》中解释了为什么重复的课堂活动，如讲座或工作表，限制了大脑对新鲜事物的渴望，并可能干扰学习。)”可知，文章通过引用专业人士的观点来展开论述。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But what will happen when the new infrmatin desn’t “fit” with the existing understanding? That’s when the brain really gets excited. The brain desn’t just detect new infrmatin— it needs nvelty.(但是，当新的信息与现有的理解不“吻合”时，会发生什么呢?那是大脑真正兴奋的时候。大脑不只是检测新信息——它还需要新奇的东西。)”可知，文章主要介绍了新奇在教育中的重要性，以及如何通过新奇来吸引学生的注意力和提高学习效果。所以短文的最佳标题为“新奇在教育中的重要性”切题。故选A。
17.（2025·内蒙古多校高三上学期第一次联考）A team f early childhd researchers examined hw neighbrhd pprtunity—the sciecnmic, educatinal, health, and envirnmental cnditins relevant t child health and develpment—is assciated with infant (婴儿) brain activity and cgnitive develpment.
The researchers fund that infants in neighbrhds with mre pprtunities have greater brain functin at six mnths f age. In areas with better educatinal pprtunities, these brain differences are als related t better cgnitin at 12 mnths ld.
The researchers cllected their data frm 65 infants in cmmunity pediatric (小儿科的) practices in the Bstn and Ls Angeles areas. The team examined whether assciatins between neighbrhd pprtunity and children’s cgnitive develpment at 12 mnths f age culd be explained by differences in brain activity at 6 mnths f age, measured by electrencephalgraphy (脑电图学) (EEG). Cgnitive develpment was measured using the Mullen Scales f Early Learning(MSEL), a standardized play-based develpmental assessment.
The researchers fund that higher levels f neighbrhd pprtunity are assciated with greater abslute EEG pwer in mid- t high-frequency bands in six mnths ld infants. These EEG measurements are related t better language and cgnitive scres later in childhd, suggesting a neurprtective rle f living in higher pprtunity neighbrhds early in life. The team als fund that higher levels f educatinal pprtunity, specifically, are assciated with better MSEL scres. This means that neighbrhds with mre educatinal pprtunities, like high quality center-based care, may prvide mre resurces t get kids engaged in cgnitively simulating activities and enhance their develpment.
“Prir wrk has fcused n the rle f sciecnmic disadvantages in child develpment. Our study aims t shift the cnversatin twards slutins fr imprving the envirnments that kids experience in early childhd t supprt their develpment and address inequalities,” said Mei Elansary, MD, MPhil, an Assistant Prfessr f Pediatrics at Bstn University. “Given that race and ethnicity have been strngly assciated with differential access t high pprtunity neighbrhds, it is imprtant t think abut ways t prmte access t these places fr all families.”
8．What advantage d infants in neighbrhds with higher pprtunity levels have?
A．They grw mre quickly.B．Their cgnitin develps better.
C．They have fewer health issues.D．They have easier access t wealth.
9．Hw did researchers assess cgnitive develpment in infants?
A．By mnitring EEG patterns.B．Thrugh pediatric check-ups.
C．By having standardized tests.D．By bserving scial interactins.
10．What aspect f the research is talked abut in paragraph 4?
A．Its result.B．Its purpse.
C．Its prcess.D．Its applicatin.
11．What can plicymakers d accrding t the result f the study?
A．Update current ecnmic cnditins.B．Invest mre mney n educatin.
C．Imprve schl facilities natinwide.D．Create fair neighbrhd pprtunities.
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，介绍了一组早期儿童研究人员如何研究社区机会（包括社会经济、教育、健康和环境条件）与婴儿大脑活动和认知发展之间的关系。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In areas with better educatinal pprtunities, these brain differences are als related t better cgnitin at 12 mnths ld.(在拥有更好教育机会的地区，这些大脑差异也与12个月大时的更好认知有关。)”可知，居住在机会水平较高的社区中的婴儿在认知发展方面更有优势。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Cgnitive develpment was measured using the Mullen Scales f Early Learning(MSEL), a standardized play-based develpmental assessment.(认知发展是通过使用Mullen早期学习量表（MSEL）来评估的，这是一个基于游戏的标准化发展评估。)”可知，研究人员通过标准化的测试来评估婴儿的认知发展。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The researchers fund that higher levels f neighbrhd pprtunity are assciated with greater abslute EEG pwer in mid- t high-frequency bands in six mnths ld infants. These EEG measurements are related t better language and cgnitive scres later in childhd, suggesting a neurprtective rle f living in higher pprtunity neighbrhds early in life. The team als fund that higher levels f educatinal pprtunity, specifically, are assciated with better MSEL scres.(研究人员发现，在6个月大的婴儿中，更高水平的邻里机会与更高的中高频绝对脑电图功率有关。这些脑电图测量结果与儿童后期更好的语言和认知得分有关，这表明在生命早期生活在更高机会的社区中具有神经保护作用。研究小组还发现，更高水平的教育机会与更高的MSEL分数有关。)”可知，第4段主要描述了研究的结果。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Given that race and ethnicity have been strngly assciated with differential access t high pprtunity neighbrhds, it is imprtant t think abut ways t prmte access t these places fr all families.(鉴于种族和民族与获得高机会社区的差异机会紧密相关，因此为所有家庭提供进入这些社区的途径是非常重要的。)”可知，政策制定者应该考虑如何为所有家庭创造公平的社区机会，以支持儿童的发展并解决不平等问题。故选D。
18.（2025·四川省雅安市高三年级教学质量检测）Minimizing the envirnmental damage that new rads cause is generally regarded as a gd thing. But t d that, it helps t understand just hw new rads cause the damage f which they are accused.
Recently, a grup f researchers led by Dr. Gnzalez cnducted an experiment and prved that immigratin is gd fr the health f animal ppulatins. A rad destrys nly a small part f the habitat, thus destrying just a few lcal ppulatins f creatures. S the argument that rad-building itself is bad fr bidiversity is nt self-evidently crrect. Thse wh nevertheless hld this view say that apparently separate lcal ppulatins f animals are, in fact, parts f much larger ppulatins cnnected via migratin.
Accrding t this thery, when a lcal ppulatin struggles t mve abut — because f an epidemic, fr example — individuals frm neighbring cmmunities can fill the gaps.
The implicatins f the thery are straightfrward. Cut lcal ppulatins ff frm each ther and each is mre likely t disappear. And rads are gd at ding just that. Testing the thery with experimental rads, hwever, wuld be expensive. Dr. Gnzalez’s brainwave was t d the whle thing n a much smaller scale.
The team studied mss-cvered rcks. On sme rcks the researchers left the mss untuched; n thers they made “radways” acrss t leave the mss islated. After waiting six mnths, they fund that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug ppulatin had declined cmpared with undisturbed mss, and 40% f the species had becme extinct.
The real test came in the secnd part f the experiment. In this, the researchers remved mss much as befre, but they left narrw mss paths t bridge the n-bug’s-land between islands. The islands with bridges did far better than islated islands — a result that supprts the ntin that ppulatin exchange is necessary t keep an ecsystem healthy.
Whether these results can be translated t large-scale ecsystems remains uncertain. But if they can, they wuld cause mre, nt less, cncern abut the eclgical effects f rad-building. On the ther hand, they als suggest a way ut. In Britain, tunnels are ften built under rads fr animals f regular habits, such as badgers (獾), t be able t travel their traditinal rutes withut having t fight with traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way f letting man and nature rub alng a bit better.
12．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Calling n us t stp building rads fr a healthy ecsystem.
B．Warning us f ptential dangers f animal immigratin.
C．Infrming us f the envirnmental damage caused by new rads.
D．Suggesting a new way t avid the damage caused by new rads.
13．Dr. Gnzalez’s experiment fund that __________.
A．building rads is expensive
B．immigratin is gd fr animals
C．rads cut ff animal immigratin
D．tunnels shuld be built under rads
14．Hw des the authr present his pint?
A．By analyzing facts. ​​B．By giving examples.
C．By prviding scientific findings.​​D．By cmparing pssible effects.
15．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements will the writer agree with?
A．The impact f rad-building is nt as serius as we thught.
B．Rad-building is beneficial t animal immigratin.
C．Envirnmental damage caused by rad-building is still uncertain.
D．Envirnmental damage caused by rad-building might be lessened.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．C 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了新建道路对环境的破坏以及如何通过实验找到避免这种破坏的新方法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minimizing the envirnmental damage that new rads cause is generally regarded as a gd thing. But t d that, it helps t understand just hw new rads cause the damage f which they are accused.”（把新建道路对环境造成的破坏降到最低通常被认为是一件好事。但要做到这一点，它有助于理解新道路是如何造成被指责的破坏的。）可知，短文主要告诉我们新路对环境造成的破坏。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, a grup f researchers led by Dr. Gnzalez cnducted an experiment and prved that immigratin is gd fr the health f animal ppulatins.”（最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一组研究人员进行了一项实验，证明了移民对动物种群的健康有益。）可知，移民对动物有益。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“Recently, a grup f researchers led by Dr. Gnzalez cnducted an experiment and prved that immigratin is gd fr the health f animal ppulatins.”（最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一组研究人员进行了一项实验，证明了移民对动物种群的健康有益），第三段“Accrding t this thery, when a lcal ppulatin struggles t mve abut — because f an epidemic, fr example — individuals frm neighbring cmmunities can fill the gaps.”（根据这一理论，当当地人口难以移动时，例如由于流行病，来自邻近社区的个人可以填补空白。）和第五段“After waiting six mnths, they fund that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug ppulatin had declined cmpared with undisturbed mss, and 40% f the species had becme extinct.”（ 等了六个月后，他们发现，与未受干扰的苔藓相比，在受干扰的栖息地，几乎所有的虫子数量都减少了，40%的物种已经灭绝。）可知，短文是通过提供科学发现来呈现观点的。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In Britain, tunnels are ften built under rads fr animals f regular habits, such as badgers (獾), t be able t travel their traditinal rutes withut having t fight with traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way f letting man and nature rub alng a bit better.”（在英国，人们经常在道路下方建造隧道，让像獾这样的有规律习性的动物能够沿着它们的传统路线行走，而不必与交通争抢。扩展这一原则，也许特殊的桥梁可能是让人类和自然更好地相处的一种便宜的方式。）可推知，通过合理建设道路，作者认为道路造成的环境破坏可能会被减轻，故选D。
19.（2025·浙江Z20名校联盟高三第一次联考）At ne time, ur grwing ppulatin was seen as central t wildlife extinctin, resurce exhaustin, pllutin and envirnmental destructin. But tday, ur cncerns shift t declining birth rates due t increased reprductive chice fr wmen.
This is a psitive develpment, but is ften described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting ecnmic and senir care challenges. Lst in the cnversatin are the many psitive aspects f an aging sciety, which is the result f peple living healthier and lnger lives, and cmmn-sense realities like reduced needs fr infrastructure (基础设施) and lwer eclgical impacts. Als lst is the fact that ur ppulatin still grws by 80 millin peple every year.
And the cnsequences f high birth rates are severe. Amng them is glbal warming. In fact, increased emissins (排放) frm ppulatin grwth have canceled mre than three quarters f the emissins saved thrugh energy efficiency and renewables ver the past three decades.
Yet, n matter hw well dcumented the link between ppulatin and climate, lwering ur ppulatin is ntably absent frm the cnversatin n slutins. Instead, the fcus is n technlgy that will suppsedly allw ur entire grwing ppulatin t enjy the energy-intensive lifestyles nw enjyed by the rich, and with n climate impacts.
But “green” technlgy is nt the slutin it is advertised t be. Its expansin t the degree needed t pwer a grwing ppulatin at a decent standard f living wuld itself require a shcking investment in fssil (化石) fuels. It als requires massive mining peratins, many f which take place n the backs f lw-wage wrkers in Africa where it is driving destructin f rainfrests critical t the survival f great apes. Besides, it requires 10 times the land area as fssil fuel plants fr the same amunt f energy generated.
When glbal warming threatens t push billins int unsafe temperatures, it is n time t panic that we are adding fewer t thse billins. In fact, declining birth rates shuld be cause fr celebratin as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden n Earth.
32．What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A．The glbal ppulatin is decreasing every year.
B．The benefits f an aging sciety are verlked.
C．The eclgical envirnment is turning fr the better.
D．The media make up misleading news abut the ppulatin.
33．What is highlighted as a disadvantage f high birth rates?
A．Reduced infrastructure needs.B．Challenges in senir care services.
C．A slwdwn in ecnmic grwth.D．Increased greenhuse gas emissins.
34．Why is “green” technlgy questined in the text?
A．It des damage t the ecsystem.B．It is nt ppular arund the wrld.
C．It is unaffrdable fr pr regins.D．It has little effect n reducing pllutin.
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Aging Scieties: A Glbal CrisisB．The Mystery f “Green” Technlgy
C．The Trend f Ppulatin GrwthD．Declining Birth Rates: A Hpeful Sign
【答案】32．B 33．D 34．A 35．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人口高出生率的危害以及出生率降低带来的积极影响。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This is a psitive develpment, but is ften described as a “crisis” in the media, highlighting ecnmic and senir care challenges.(这是一个积极的发展，但媒体经常将其描述为“危机”，强调经济和老年人护理方面的挑战。)”以及下文中介绍的人口老龄化带来的积极影响被人们忽略的事实可知，在第二段我们了解到的是老龄化社会的好处被人们忽略。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And the cnsequences f high birth rates are severe. Amng them is glbal warming.(高出生率的后果是严重的。其中之一就是全球变暖。)”以及下文中介绍的高出生率导致排放量增加的情况可知，高出来率的缺点是造成温室气体排放增加。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Its expansin t the degree needed t pwer a grwing ppulatin at a decent standard f living wuld itself require a shcking investment in fssil (化石) fuels. It als requires massive mining peratins, many f which take place n the backs f lw-wage wrkers in Africa where it is driving destructin f rainfrests critical t the survival f great apes.(它的扩张要达到为不断增长的人口提供体面生活所需的程度，本身就需要对化石燃料(化石)进行惊人的投资。它还需要大规模的采矿作业，其中许多是在非洲的低工资工人的支持下进行的，这正在破坏对类人猿生存至关重要的热带雨林。)”可知，“绿色”技术的扩张需要对化石燃料进行大量投资，大规模的釆矿作业，破坏了对类人猿生存至关重要的热带雨林，由此可知，“绿色”技术被质疑的原因是它破坏了生态环境。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段中“In fact, declining birth rates shuld be cause fr celebratin as they signify advances in gender equality and a reduced burden n Earth.(事实上，出生率下降应该是值得庆祝的，因为它们标志着性别平等的进步和地球负担的减轻)”可知，本文主要讨论了出生率下降的积极意义，所以D选项“出生率下降：一个充满希望的迹象”概括全文主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。
20.（2025·福建省福州第一中学高三质检）When it cmes t architectural skills, humans like t underestimate the astnishing achievements f scial insects: spiders weave amazing webs with unbelievable skills. The true master builders, hwever, are stingless bees (无刺峰), which build hneycmbs inside tree trunks.
Nw a grup f bilgists led by Viviana Di Pietr at KU Leuven, in Belgium, reprts that, like humans, these tiny-brained creatures are able f cnstructing accrding t different building traditins which are then handed dwn ver generatins. The finding, published in Current Bilgy, is the clearest display yet f cultural differences spntaneusly (自发) appearing in insects. Insect culture wuld nce have been thught impssible.
T cllect their data, Ms Di Pietr and her clleagues bserved mre than 400 grups f the stingless bee species in Brazil in 2022 and 2023. Arund 95% f the grups built cmbs in hrizntal layers, while the rest adpted a spiral (螺旋的) structure. In bth cases the traditin was maintained ver many generatins f wrker bees. Capturing the insects’ behaviur n vide, the team established that there was n difference in average cell-building rate between the tw styles and hence n efficiency advantage t either.
In rder t rule ut a genetic explanatin fr the different styles, researchers transplanted wrkers between grups with different building styles, having first emptied cmbs built befre. It turned ut that the imprted wrkers sn switched t the new style, which was then maintained by the grup’s wn larvae (幼虫) as they eventually matured int wrkers.
These results have left researchers talking it ver, as they suggest that stingless bees can transmit different building traditins acrss generatins withut individuals needing t be instructed frm their peers. This is a brader perspective abut culture, which is ften strictly defined as behavir directly transmitted frm individual t individual until it becmes characteristic f a grup.
12．What can best describe the finding by Viviana Di Pietr?
A．Pineering.B．Cntrversial.C．Cmmnplace.D．Cnventinal
13．What’s the difference between the tw kinds f cmbs?
A．Their lcatin.B．Their style.C．Their building rate.D．Their maintenance.
14．Why did the researchers exchange bees between grups?
A．T test bees’ genetic difference.B．T ensure efficiency advantage.
C．T cnfirm bees’ learning ability.D．T exclude genetic cnsideratins.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Cultural Diversity f Scial Insects.B．Stingless Bees’ Unique Hneycmbs.
C．Scial Insects Can Create Traditins.D．Bees Can Preserve Cultural Traditins.
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．D 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂能够保持文化传统，它们会根据不同的建筑传统建造蜂巢，并将这些传统代代相传。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nw a grup f bilgists led by Viviana Di Pietr at KU Leuven, in Belgium, reprts that, like humans, these tiny-brained creatures are able f cnstructing accrding t different building traditins which are then handed dwn ver generatins. The finding, published in Current Bilgy, is the clearest display yet f cultural differences spntaneusly (自发) appearing in insects. (现在，由比利时鲁汶大学的维维亚娜·迪·彼得罗领导的一群生物学家报告称，和人类一样，这些大脑极小的生物能够根据不同的建筑传统进行建造，这些传统随后会代代相传。这一发现发表在《当代生物学》杂志上，是昆虫中自发出现文化差异的最清晰展示。)”可知，Viviana Di Pietr的发现是关于无刺蜂能够根据不同的建筑传统进行建造，并且这些传统会代代相传。这是昆虫中自发出现的文化差异的最清晰展示。因此，这一发现是开创性的。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Arund 95% f the grups built cmbs in hrizntal layers, while the rest adpted a spiral (螺旋的) structure. (大约95%的组在水平层中构建了梳子，而其余组则采用了螺旋的结构。)”可知，两种蜂巢的区别在于它们的风格：一种是水平层状结构，另一种是螺旋结构。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In rder t rule ut a genetic explanatin fr the different styles, researchers transplanted wrkers between grups with different building styles, having first emptied cmbs built befre. (为了排除不同风格的遗传解释，研究人员将工人移植到具有不同建筑风格的群体之间，首先清空了之前建造的蜂巢。)”可知，研究人员交换不同组的蜜蜂是为了排除基因差异的考虑。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“These results have left researchers talking it ver, as they suggest that stingless bees can transmit different building traditins acrss generatins withut individuals needing t be instructed frm their peers. (这些结果让研究人员对此进行了讨论，因为他们表明无刺蜜蜂可以在不需要个体的情况下代代传递不同的建筑传统。)”可知，可知，文章主要讨论了无刺蜂能够在没有同伴直接指导的情况下，跨代传递不同的建筑传统。D项“Bees Can Preserve Cultural Traditins. (蜜蜂可以保留文化传统。)”最能概括全文，故选D项。
21.（2025·广东省高三摸底联考）We used t write with a pen. Nw we generally write n a cmputer with the help f keybard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has becme a new type f “pen” which we use t analyze, write and present everything frm an article, a thesis, a research paper t a cmpany reprt, and things alike.
Since writing is an essential part f academic life, and since students struggle t prduce quality papers, AI pwered writing is gaining ppularity n campuses. AI is s pwerful that it can help with idea develpment, research design, cntent develpment, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing f bks. AI-pwered writing can imprve the grammar, structure, and help with citatin s and cnsistency t disciplinary standards. Therefre, AI tls can help students, teachers and researchers t vercme the challenges f academic writing, bst research prductivity and imprve efficiency.
Hwever, AI may seem human, but it is nt. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may lk intelligent, yet it is nt. It may als seem t understand, but it can’t. An analysis dne with the help f AI tls with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nr reliable. Althugh AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically crrect and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannt fully meet the real purpse f research r educatin as a whle.
That is why many universities have been keeping students frm using AI tls fr academic writing, and have cnducted rules limiting, if nt altgether banning the use f Generative AI in academic writing. Accrding t a survey f the wrld’s 100 tp universities by Scriber n their attitude t AI writing tls, 18 percent have banned the use f ChatGPT, althugh individual instructrs culd allw its use, 27 percent have n clear guidance r plicy, and 51 percent have left the decisin n individual instructrs. Only 4 percent f the universities allw the use f AI (with citatin) unless instructrs frbid it.
12．What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f academic writing.
B．The ptential users f AI-pwered writing.
C．The challenges faced by researchers and schlars.
D．The ppularity f AI-pwered writing n campuses.
13．What may be the authr’s attitude twards a research reprt written by AI?
A．Negative.B．Dismissive.C．Psitive.D．Unclear.
14．Wh have the right t decide the use f Al in academic writing in mst universities?
A．Fund spnsrs.B．Individual instructrs.
C．Wuld-be graduates.D．Prducers f AI tls.
15．Which idim can best describe AI-pwered writing?
A．A wet blanket.B．A pie in the sky.
C．A duble-edged swrd.D．A big fish in a small pnd.
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。短文主要介绍了AI赋能学术写作在大学里的现状。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Since writing is an essential part f academic life, and since students struggle t prduce quality papers, AI pwered writing is gaining ppularity n campuses.”（ 由于写作是学术生活的重要组成部分，而且学生们很难写出高质量的论文，因此人工智能写作在校园里越来越受欢迎。）以及“Therefre, AI tls can help students, teachers and researchers t vercme the challenges f academic writing, bst research prductivity and imprve efficiency.”（ 因此，人工智能工具可以帮助学生、教师和研究人员克服学术写作的挑战，提高研究生产力，提高效率。）可知，第二段主要讲述了AI写作在校园中的流行。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“Althugh AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically crrect and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannt fully meet the real purpse f research r educatin as a whle.”（虽然人工智能可以帮助写出一篇看起来结构良好，语法正确，甚至引用准确的论文，但它的研究结果并不能被认为是真实的，因为它们不能完全满足研究或教育的真正目的。）可知，作者对AI写作的研究报告持否定态度。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Accrding t a survey f the wrld’s 100 tp universities by Scriber n their attitude t AI writing tls, 18 percent have banned the use f ChatGPT, althugh individual instructrs culd allw its use, 27 percent have n clear guidance r plicy, and 51 percent have left the decisin n individual instructrs.”（根据Scriber对全球100所顶尖大学对人工智能写作工具态度的调查，18%的大学禁止使用ChatGPT，尽管个别教师可以允许使用，27%的大学没有明确的指导或政策，51%的大学将决定权留给了个别教师。）可知，大多数大学由个别导师决定是否使用AI进行学术写作。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段“Since writing is an essential part f academic life, and since students struggle t prduce quality papers, AI pwered writing is gaining ppularity n campuses. AI is s pwerful that it can help with idea develpment, research design, cntent develpment, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing f bks. AI-pwered writing can imprve the grammar, structure, and help with citatin s and cnsistency t disciplinary standards.”（由于写作是学术生活的重要组成部分，而且学生们很难写出高质量的论文，因此人工智能写作在校园里越来越受欢迎。人工智能是如此强大，它可以帮助思想发展，研究设计，内容开发，文献综述，数据管理，以及帮助编辑和评论书籍。人工智能写作可以改善语法、结构，并有助于引用和保持学科标准的一致性。）和第三段“Hwever, AI may seem human, but it is nt. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may lk intelligent, yet it is nt. It may als seem t understand, but it can’t. An analysis dne with the help f AI tls with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nr reliable.”（然而，人工智能可能看起来像人类，但它不是。它可能看起来很准确，但事实并非如此。它可能看起来很聪明，但其实不然。它似乎也能理解，但它不能。借助看似高效的人工智能工具完成的分析既不有效也不可靠。）可知，AI写作既有优点也有缺点，最能描述这种情况的成语是“双刃剑”。故选C。
22.（2025·广东省部分学校高三上学期8月大联考）A wearable health mnitr develped by Washingtn State University researchers can reliably measure levels f imprtant bichemicals in sweat during physical exercise. The 3D- printed mnitr culd smeday prvide a simple and nn- invasive (无创的) way t track health cnditins and diagnse cmmn diseases, such as diabetes, kidney disease r heart disease.
Reprting in the jurnal, ACS Sensrs, the researchers were able t accurately mnitr the levels f vlunteers’ glucse (葡萄糖) and uric acid (尿酸).
“Diabetes is a majr prblem wrldwide,” said Chuchu Chen, the first authr f the paper. “I think 3D printing can make a difference t the healthcare fields, and I wanted t see if we can cmbine 3D printing with disease detectin methds t create a device like this.” Fr their new health mnitr, the researchers used 3D printing t make the health mnitrs in a unique, ne- step manufacturing prcess.
The researchers used a single- atm catalyst and enzymatic reactins t enhance the signal and measure lw levels f the bimarkers. Three bisensrs n the mnitr change clr t indicate the specific bichemical levels.
Sweat cntains many imprtant chemicals that can indicate health cnditins, but, unlike bld sampling, it’s nn- invasive. Levels f uric acid in sweat can indicate the risk f develping kidney disease r heart disease. Glucse levels are used t mnitr diabetes.
But the amunt f these chemicals in sweat is tiny and can be hard t measure, the researchers nted. While ther sweat sensrs (传感器) have been develped, they are cmplex and need specialized equipment and expertise t make.
When the researchers cmpared the new mnitrs n vlunteers’ arms t lab results, they fund that their mnitr was accurately and reliably measuring the cncentratin f the chemicals. The researchers are nw wrking t further imprve the device design and validatin. They are als hping t cmmercialize the technlgy.
12．What des Chuchu Chen stress?
A．The applicatin f 3D printing in real life.
B．The way t make 3D printing develp quickly.
C．The integratin f 3D printing and medical technlgy.
D．The change in peple’s health caused by 3D printing.
13．What can we knw abut sweat frm the text?
A．The chemicals in it can reflect health cnditins.
B．Using it t mnitr different diseases is invasive.
C．It cntains sme chemicals that cause heart disease.
D．The researchers find it difficult t measure its amunt.
14．What is the advantage f the health mnitr ver ther sweat sensrs?
A．It’s easier t perate.B．It’s mre specialized.
C．It’s mre cmmnly used.D．It’s mre envirnmentally friendly.
15．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．3D printing is used t mnitr diseases
B．Sweat can help treat sme cmmn diseases
C．Bld sampling isn’t as accurate as sweat mnitring
D．A sweat health mnitr measures levels f disease markers
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．A 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款3D打印的可穿戴健康监测器，能准确检测汗液中的葡萄糖和尿酸水平，用于疾病诊断。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Chuchu Chen所说的话“I think 3D printing can make a difference t the healthcare fields, and I wanted t see if we can cmbine 3D printing with disease detectin methds t create a device like this.(我认为3D打印可以对医疗领域产生影响，我想看看我们是否可以将3D打印与疾病检测方法结合起来，创造出这样的设备)”可知，Chuchu Chen强调的是3D打印与医疗技术的结合。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Sweat cntains many imprtant chemicals that can indicate health cnditins, but, unlike bld sampling, it’s nn-invasive.(汗液中含有许多重要的化学物质，可以指示健康状况，但与血液采样不同，它是无创的)”可知，汗液中的化学物质可以反映健康状况。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But the amunt f these chemicals in sweat is tiny and can be hard t measure, the researchers nted.While ther sweat sensrs (传感器) have been develped, they are cmplex and need specialized equipment and expertise t make.(但研究人员指出，汗液中这些化学物质的含量很小，很难测量。虽然已经开发了其他汗液传感器，但它们复杂且需要专业设备和专业知识来制造)”可知，这种健康监测器比其他汗液传感器更容易操作。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A wearable health mnitr develped by Washingtn State University researchers can reliably measure levels f imprtant bichemicals in sweat during physical exercise.(华盛顿州立大学的研究人员开发了一种可穿戴的健康监测器，可以在体育锻炼期间可靠地测量汗液中重要生化物质的水平)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以测量疾病标志物水平的汗液健康监测器。所以“汗液健康监测仪测量疾病标志物的水平”可用作本文的标题。故选D。
23.（2025·广东省佛山市H7联盟高三摸底联考）We used t write with a pen. Nw we generally write n a cmputer with the help f keybard. In this digital age, artificial intelligence has becme a new type f “pen” which we use t analyze, write and present everything frm an article, a thesis, a research paper t a cmpany reprt, and things alike.
Since writing is an essential part f academic life, and since students struggle t prduce quality papers, AI pwered writing is gaining ppularity n campuses. AI is s pwerful that it can help with idea develpment, research design, cntent develpment, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing f bks. AI-pwered writing can imprve the grammar, structure, and help with citatin s and cnsistency t disciplinary standards. Therefre, AI tls can help students, teachers and researchers t vercme the challenges f academic writing, bst research prductivity and imprve efficiency.
Hwever, AI may seem human, but it is nt. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may lk intelligent, yet it is nt. It may als seem t understand, but it can’t. An analysis dne with the help f AI tls with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nr reliable. Althugh AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically crrect and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannt fully meet the real purpse f research r educatin as a whle.
That is why many universities have been keeping students frm using AI tls fr academic writing, and have cnducted rules limiting, if nt altgether banning the use f Generative AI in academic writing. Accrding t a survey f the wrld’s 100 tp universities by Scriber n their attitude t AI writing tls, 18 percent have banned the use f ChatGPT, althugh individual instructrs culd allw its use, 27 percent have n clear guidance r plicy, and 51 percent have left the decisin n individual instructrs. Only 4 percent f the universities allw the use f AI (with citatin) unless instructrs frbid it.
12．What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f academic writing.
B．The ptential users f AI-pwered writing.
C．The challenges faced by researchers and schlars.
D．The ppularity f AI-pwered writing n campuses.
13．What may be the authr’s attitude twards a research reprt written by AI?
A．Negative.B．Dismissive.C．Psitive.D．Unclear.
14．Wh have the right t decide the use f Al in academic writing in mst universities?
A．Fund spnsrs.B．Individual instructrs.
C．Wuld-be graduates.D．Prducers f AI tls.
15．Which idim can best describe AI-pwered writing?
A．A wet blanket.B．A pie in the sky.
C．A duble-edged swrd.D．A big fish in a small pnd.
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。短文主要介绍了AI赋能学术写作在大学里的现状。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Since writing is an essential part f academic life, and since students struggle t prduce quality papers, AI pwered writing is gaining ppularity n campuses.”（ 由于写作是学术生活的重要组成部分，而且学生们很难写出高质量的论文，因此人工智能写作在校园里越来越受欢迎。）以及“Therefre, AI tls can help students, teachers and researchers t vercme the challenges f academic writing, bst research prductivity and imprve efficiency.”（ 因此，人工智能工具可以帮助学生、教师和研究人员克服学术写作的挑战，提高研究生产力，提高效率。）可知，第二段主要讲述了AI写作在校园中的流行。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“Althugh AI can help write a seemingly nicely structured, grammatically crrect and even precisely referenced paper, its research results can’t be accepted as authentic (真实的), because they cannt fully meet the real purpse f research r educatin as a whle.”（虽然人工智能可以帮助写出一篇看起来结构良好，语法正确，甚至引用准确的论文，但它的研究结果并不能被认为是真实的，因为它们不能完全满足研究或教育的真正目的。）可知，作者对AI写作的研究报告持否定态度。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Accrding t a survey f the wrld’s 100 tp universities by Scriber n their attitude t AI writing tls, 18 percent have banned the use f ChatGPT, althugh individual instructrs culd allw its use, 27 percent have n clear guidance r plicy, and 51 percent have left the decisin n individual instructrs.”（根据Scriber对全球100所顶尖大学对人工智能写作工具态度的调查，18%的大学禁止使用ChatGPT，尽管个别教师可以允许使用，27%的大学没有明确的指导或政策，51%的大学将决定权留给了个别教师。）可知，大多数大学由个别导师决定是否使用AI进行学术写作。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段“Since writing is an essential part f academic life, and since students struggle t prduce quality papers, AI pwered writing is gaining ppularity n campuses. AI is s pwerful that it can help with idea develpment, research design, cntent develpment, literature review, data management, as well as help with editing and reviewing f bks. AI-pwered writing can imprve the grammar, structure, and help with citatin s and cnsistency t disciplinary standards.”（由于写作是学术生活的重要组成部分，而且学生们很难写出高质量的论文，因此人工智能写作在校园里越来越受欢迎。人工智能是如此强大，它可以帮助思想发展，研究设计，内容开发，文献综述，数据管理，以及帮助编辑和评论书籍。人工智能写作可以改善语法、结构，并有助于引用和保持学科标准的一致性。）和第三段“Hwever, AI may seem human, but it is nt. It may appear accurate, yet it isn’t. It may lk intelligent, yet it is nt. It may als seem t understand, but it can’t. An analysis dne with the help f AI tls with seemingly high efficiency can be neither valid (有效的) nr reliable.”（然而，人工智能可能看起来像人类，但它不是。它可能看起来很准确，但事实并非如此。它可能看起来很聪明，但其实不然。它似乎也能理解，但它不能。借助看似高效的人工智能工具完成的分析既不有效也不可靠。）可知，AI写作既有优点也有缺点，最能描述这种情况的成语是“双刃剑”。故选C。
24.（2025·广东省揭阳市两校联考高三月考）The science f why insects gather arund lights at night has never been nailed dwn. Ppular theries prpse that mths and ther insects navigate (导航) by the mn and mistake lamps fr mnlight, r that the insects fly twards light t escape cming danger. Nw researchers believe they have a mre cnvincing answer: cntrary t current theries, insects are nt attracted t light frm far away, but becme trapped if they fly clse t an artificial light surce.
Accrding t Dr Sam Fabian, study c-authr and Imperial Cllege Lndn entmlgist, mths and many ther insects that fly at night evlved t tilt (倾斜) their backs t wherever is brightest. Fr hundreds f millins f years, this was the sky rather than the grund. The trick tld insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Mths fund themselves tilting their backs t street lamps. This caused them t circle arund the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evlutin.
Fabian and his clleagues filmed insect flight paths arund lights in the lab. The vides reveal that time and again, mths and dragnflies turned their backs t artificial lights, which appeared t greatly change their flight paths. If the light is abve them, they might start rbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles r diving tward the grund.
Researchers have lng warned that light pllutin is a big driving frce in the dramatic decline in insect ppulatins. Mths and ther insects that becme trapped arund lamps becme easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can als fl them int thinking it is daytime, causing them t bed dwn and skip a night’s feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessns frm the research. “What this tells us is that the directin f artificial light matters. Culd we change lighting envirnments t nt trap insects? Fr we’re facing a massive decline in insects arund the wrld, and artificial light at night is ne f the factrs that culd ptentially be leading t this decline,” Fabian said.
8．What d the underlined wrds “nailed dwn” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Ppularized widely.B．Discussed penly.
C．Defined accurately.D．Explred academically.
9．Fabian’s study fund that mths circle arund the lamps endlessly because ______.
A．they can’t keep their balance.
B．they use imprper flight attitude.
C．they lse track f which way is up.
D．they are attracted t lights frm far away.
10．What is the significance f the research finding?
A．It may lead t better cnservatin f insects.
B．Natural enemies f insects will be gt rid f.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D．It may raise cncerns fr insects’ eating behavir.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Why insects lse their ability t fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evlutin trap insects.
C．Hw artificial light impacts insect ppulatins.
D．Hw insects evlved distinct strategies f flight.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“Ppular theries prpse that mths and ther insects navigate (导航) by the mn and mistake lamps fr mnlight, r that the insects fly twards light t escape cming danger. Nw researchers believe they have a mre cnvincing answer(流行的理论认为，飞蛾和其他昆虫是靠月亮导航的，它们把灯误认为是月光，或者是昆虫为了躲避即将到来的危险而飞向光明。现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案)”可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，故可推知划线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，推测划线短语nailed dwn意为“明确解释”，与Defined accurately意义相近。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mths fund themselves tilting their backs t street lamps. This caused them t circle arund the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evlutin.(飞蛾发现自己把背向路灯倾斜。这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，这些昆虫被它们的进化困住了)”可知，飞蛾把背向路灯倾斜，这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，故是不正确的飞行姿态导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessns frm the research. ‘What this tells us is that the directin f artificial light matters. Culd we change lighting envirnments t nt trap insects? Fr we’re facing a massive decline in insects arund the wrld, and artificial light at night is ne f the factrs that culd ptentially be leading t this decline,’ Fabian said.(Fabian相信，这项研究有一些有益的教训。‘这告诉我们，人造光的方向很重要。我们能不能改变照明环境，让昆虫不被困住？因为我们正面临着全球昆虫数量的大幅下降，而夜间的人造光是可能导致这种下降的因素之一，’ Fabian说)”可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Nw researchers believe they have a mre cnvincing answer: cntrary t current theries, insects are nt attracted t light frm far away, but becme trapped if they fly clse t an artificial light surce.(现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案：与目前的理论相反，昆虫不会被远处的光吸引，但如果它们飞得离人造光源很近，就会被困住)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。故选B。
25.（2025·广东省两校高三上学期联合模拟）Bruce, a parrt missing part f his beak (喙) , creatively uses stnes t clean feathers (羽毛) , highlighting advanced intelligence in parrts.
Bruce lst the upper part f his beak in 2012 and was sent t live at a reserve in New Zealand. The defect made Bruce unable t search fr fd n his wn, let alne keep his feathers clean with his beak. But in 2021, when cmparative psychlgist Basts arrived at the reserve with clleagues t study parrts, zkeepers reprted smething strange: Bruce had seemingly figured ut hw t select and use small stnes t clean his wn feathers with his beak.
Over nine days, the team kept a clse eye n Bruce, quickly taking, vides if he started cleaning his feathers. It turned ut that Bruce had indeed invented his wn way t d s, the researchers reprted in Scientific Reprts.
“It’s crazy because the behavir was nt frm the wild,” Basts says. When Bruce arrived at the reserve, he was t yung t learn hw t clean his feathers. And n ther bird in the reserve uses stnes in this way. “It seems like he just invented this tl use fr himself,” she says.
Tl use is just ne f parrts’ many talents. They’re famus fr cpying and even understanding human speech. Sme species can als slve cmplex puzzles, like hw t enter a cvered rubbish bin r practice self-cntrl.
Fr a cncept as abstract (抽象的) as intelligence, it’s challenging t develp a definitin that applies acrss animals. Researchers ften pint t features nce thught t make humans special—enhanced learning, memry, attentin and mvement cntrl—as signs f advanced skills. Hwever, many f these abilities can als be seen in parrts, as well as ther animals like chimpanzees, dlphins and elephants.
“Parrts are ur evlutinary (进化的) mirrr image. These brilliant birds may teach us abut hw humanlike intelligence can appear,” behaviral eclgist Antne wrte in his 2022 bk The Parrt in the Mirrr. With pwerful brains and a preference fr wrds, these birds are “the very best example,” he writes, “f nature’s ‘ther try’ at humanlike intelligence.”
12．What des the underlined wrd “defect” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Disadvantage.B．Playfulness.C．Cruelty.D．Measure.
13．Why did Basts and her team watch Bruce clsely?
A．T bserve hw he lives alne.B．T find ut hw he gets fd.
C．T prve his ability t defend himself.D．T cnfirm his reprted behavir.
14．What can be knwn cncerning the parrts?
A．They d well in critical thinking.B．They’re brn skillful at using tls.
C．They can cmplete cmplicated tasks.D．They can’t match ther animals in memry.
15．What’s the significance f studying the parrts?
A．Offering an insight int human behavir.
B．Helping further research ther species f birds.
C．Learning mre abut parrts’ living envirnment.
D．Giving reference fr the evlutin f humanlike intelligence.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鹦鹉的一些智能特征可能为我们理解类似人类的智能提供新的视角。通过对鹦鹉的研究，我们可以进一步了解人类智能的进化和发展。
12．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“…made Bruce unable t search fr fd n his wn, let alne keep his feathers clean with his beak.(……使得Bruce无法自己寻找食物，更不用说用嘴保持羽毛清洁了。)”可知，这个“defect”使Bruce无法自己寻找食物，更不用说用喙清洁羽毛了。由此推断“defect”指的是Bruce失去喙的一部分这一不利条件或缺陷。故划线词与A选项“Disadvantage.(缺点，缺陷)”为同义词。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Over nine days, the team kept a clse eye n Bruce, quickly taking vides if he started cleaning his feathers.(在九天的时间里，摄制团队一直密切关注着Bruce，如果它开始清理羽毛，就会迅速拍下视频。)”，即研究团队在九天里密切关注Bruce，一旦他开始清洁羽毛就立即录像。这表明他们的目的是要确认之前动物园管理员报告的Bruce使用小石头清洁羽毛的行为是否真实。故选D。
14．推理判断题。第五段提到“Tl use is just ne f parrts’ many talents. They’re famus fr cpying and even understanding human speech. Sme species can als slve cmplex puzzles, like hw t enter a cvered rubbish bin r practice self-cntrl.( 使用工具只是鹦鹉众多天赋之一。它们以模仿甚至理解人类语言而闻名。有些物种还能解决复杂的难题，比如如何进入一个有盖的垃圾桶或练习自我控制。)”可知，使用工具只是鹦鹉众多才能之一，它们还以模仿甚至理解人类语言而著称，一些种类甚至能解决复杂的谜题，如如何进入有盖子的垃圾箱或练习自控。这表明鹦鹉能完成复杂的任务。故选C。
15．推理判断题。最后一段提到“Parrts are ur evlutinary (进化的) mirrr image. These brilliant birds may teach us abut hw humanlike intelligence can appear(鹦鹉是我们进化的镜像。这些聪明的鸟可能会告诉我们类似人类的智慧是如何出现的。)”可知，鹦鹉是我们的进化镜像，这些聪明的鸟类可能会教会我们如何出现类似人类的智能，这表明研究鹦鹉对于理解类似人类智能的进化具有重要意义，因此选项D“Giving reference fr the evlutin f humanlike intelligence.(为类似人类智能的进化提供参考)”符合题意。故选D。
26.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三上学期第一次摸底）Whether playing tricks r hlding funerals in the wild, crws have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knws n bunds. A new study published in Current Bilgy revealed fr the first time that crws can use statistical lgic t slve prblems.
Crws have a large brain fr their size and a particularly nticeable frebrain, assciated with statistical and analytical reasning in humans. “In ur lab, crws have shwn cmplicated numerical cmpetence and careful cnsideratin during decisin-making,” said Dr. Melissa Jhnstn, a fellw at the University f Tübingen. In her recent wrk, Jhnstn and her team pushed these abilities t a new extreme, testing statistical reasning.
In the experiment, tw crws were first trained t peck (啄) at varius images n tuchscreens t earn fd treats; and gradually they had t chse between tw f these images, each crrespnding t a different reward prbability. “Crws were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that cmbinatin f infrmatin in a reward maximizing way,” Jhnstn detailed. Over 10 days f training and 5,000 trials, the tw crws managed t pick the higher prbability f reward, shwing their ability t use statistical inference. T researchers’ much surprise, even after a mnth withut training, the crws still perfrm well every time.
Statistical reasning invlves using limited infrmatin abut a situatin t draw cnclusins and make decisins. Peple unknwingly use such cgnitive ability every day. When we select cafes fr scial meetups, ur brains autmatically weigh cllected statistics frm past bservatins and favr the ne mre capable f meeting needs. Similarly, crws remembered and analyzed the cnnectins between the images and the reward prbabilities t make themselves get the mst treats pssible.
Crws nce symblized misfrtune and death, causing them disliked even killed by peple. Actually, they are amng the few animals t adapt t urbanizatin successfully due t underestimated intelligence. “I think these studies d help change public views and imprve ur relatinship with these lvely animals,” Jhnstn stated.
12．What makes crws’ intelligence pssible?
A．Their limitless abilities f tricks.
B．Their scial leaning in the wild.
C．Their physical structure f brains.
D．Their training received in the lab.
13．Which f the fllwing best describes the research prcess in paragraph 3?
A．Instruct, task, and retest.
B．Train, perfrm, and recrd.
C．Assume, prve, and reflect.
D．Prepare, teach, and examine.
14．Hw des the authr explain statistical inference in paragraph 4?
A．By sharing a persnal experience.
B．By quting a previus study.
C．By making a detailed cmparisn.
D．By using a cmmn example.
15．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Fd Prize Cmpetitin: Crws Chsing Rewards.
B．Urban Bird Survival Strategies: Living with Peple.
C．Beynd Tricks: Surprise f Crws’ Statistical Reasning.
D．Animal Behavir Study: Training Crws in Experiments.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乌鸦的高级智力，特别是它们在实验中展示的统计推理能力。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Crws have a large brain fr their size and a particularly nticeable frebrain, assciated with statistical and analytical reasning in humans. (就其体型而言，乌鸦的大脑很大，前脑特别明显，与人类的统计和分析推理有关。)”可知，乌鸦的大脑结构，特别是前脑，使得它们具备统计和分析推理的能力。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the experiment, tw crws were first trained t peck (啄) at varius images n tuchscreens t earn fd treats; and gradually they had t chse between tw f these images, each crrespnding t a different reward prbability. “Crws were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that cmbinatin f infrmatin in a reward maximizing way,” Jhnstn detailed. Over 10 days f training and 5,000 trials, the tw crws managed t pick the higher prbability f reward, shwing their ability t use statistical inference. T researchers’ much surprise, even after a mnth withut training, the crws still perfrm well every time. (在实验中，首先训练两只乌鸦啄触摸屏上的各种图像，以获得食物；渐渐地，他们不得不在这两幅图像中做出选择，每幅图像都对应着不同的奖励概率。约翰斯顿详细介绍说：“乌鸦的任务是学习相当抽象的量，然后以奖励最大化的方式应用这些信息组合。”。经过10天的训练和5000次试验，两只乌鸦设法选择了更高的奖励概率，显示了它们使用统计推断的能力。令研究人员惊讶的是，即使在一个月没有训练的情况下，乌鸦每次都表现得很好。)”可推知，在实验中，研究人员首先指导乌鸦识别触摸屏上的图像，然后布置任务，让乌鸦在不同的图像之间做出选择，然后重新测试，发现即使一个月没有训练，乌鸦仍然能够表现得很好。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“When we select cafes fr scial meetups, ur brains autmatically weigh cllected statistics frm past bservatins and favr the ne mre capable f meeting needs. (当我们为社交聚会选择咖啡馆时，我们的大脑会自动权衡从过去的观察中收集到的统计数据，并倾向于更能满足需求的咖啡馆。)”可推知，作者通过一个常见的例子来解释统计推理。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Whether playing tricks r hlding funerals in the wild, crws have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knws n bunds. A new study published in Current Bilgy revealed fr the first time that crws can use statistical lgic t slve prblems. (无论是恶作剧还是在野外举行葬礼，乌鸦都以其意想不到的能力让公众感到惊讶。但他们的“智慧”是无限的。发表在《当代生物学》上的一项新研究首次揭示，乌鸦可以使用统计逻辑来解决问题。)”可知，文章主要介绍了乌鸦不仅能在野外玩把戏，还能通过统计推理解决问题，这超出了人们对它们智力的预期。故选C。
27.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8月联考）Children wh were behind in their develpment at age 4-5were almst three times as likely t have been ut f educatin, emplyment, r training at age 16-17, analysis f pupil data has fund.
4-5-ycar-lds in England are assessed by the Early Years Fundatin Stage Prfile, and thse wh reach the bundary f a “gd level f develpment” are cnsidered “schl ready”.
The new study in the jurnal BMC Public Health has fund a significant gap in Nt in Educatin, Emplyment r Training（NEET）utcmes between thse wh were ready and unready fr primary schl. The research drew n data frm mre than 8,000 Bradfrd yung peple whse recrds are linked as part f the Cnnected Bradfrd prject. The research fund that 11%f children wh were nt schl ready went n t be NEET at 16-17, cmpared t just 4%f children wh were schl ready.
Lead authr Dr Matthew Warburtn, Research Officer at Leeds’Schl f Psychlgy, said: “These findings tell us that there are clear, early indicatrs fr children and yung peple being at risk f disadvantage in late adlescence. As schls rutinely cllect this data, the research culd be used t kickstart early interventin in schls based n primary schl readiness.”
The research team, which als included academics frm Lancaster University and the Bradfrd Institute fr Health Research, say this shws a clear need fr early interventin by schls t reduce disadvantage in later life.
This eches the message frm a series f N8 Child f the Nrth and Centre fr Yung Lives reprts n the need t put children and yung peple first. Senir authr Dr Amy Atkinsn, Lecturer in the Department f Psychlgy at Lancaster University said: “Data frm the Early Years Fundatin Stage Prfile is readily available fr millins f children and yung peple in England. This infrmatin culd, and shuld, be used t identify pupils at increased risk f becming NEET.”
8．What des the Early Years Fundatin Stage Prfile prbably d?
A．Recrd emplyment status.B．Mnitr teenagers’prgress.
C．Evaluate primary schl students.D．Assess 4-5-year-lds’develpment.
9．What des Dr Matthew imply abut the current situatin f schls?
A．They lack data fr early interventin.B．They lack data t identify at-risk students.
C．Early interventin is required.D．Early interventin have been dne.
10．What d we knw abut the data accrding t the last paragraph?
A．It is rarely used in England.B．It is nt enugh fr identifying NEET yuth.
C．It is used effectively fr the NEET issue.D．It can slve the issue f NEET yuth.
11．The passage is structured in the fllwing way.
A．Intrducing a tpic-Describing related studies -Making suggestins
B．Making a claim -Prviding evidence-Drawing a cnclusin
C．Presenting a prblem -Analyzing the causes -Offering slutins
D．Raising a questin-Discussing different pinins -Reaching an agreement
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．D 11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讨论了儿童早期发展阶段评估与其青少年时期是否处于“不在教育、就业或培训”状态之间的关联。研究发现，那些在4-5岁时未达到良好发展水平的孩子，在16-17岁时成为NEET的可能性要高得多。该研究强调了早期干预的重要性。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“4-5-year-lds in England are assessed by the Early Years Fundatin Stage Prfile, and thse wh reach the bundary f a “gd level f develpment” are cnsidered “schl ready” (英格兰的4-5岁的孩子通过早期基础阶段档案进行评估，那些达到“良好发展水平”的孩子被认为是“准备好上学”的)”可知，Early Years Fundatin Stage Prfile是用来评估4-5岁儿童的发展水平。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Lead authr Dr Matthew Warburtn, Research Officer at Leeds’Schl f Psychlgy, said: “These findings tell us that there are clear, early indicatrs fr children and yung peple being at risk f disadvantage in late adlescence. As schls rutinely cllect this data, the research culd be used t kickstart early interventin in schls based n primary schl readiness. (主要作者利兹大学心理学院的研究员马修·沃伯顿博士说：“这些发现告诉我们，对于儿童和年轻人来说，在青春期后期面临不利因素有明确的早期指标。由于学校常规收集这些数据，这项研究可以用来基于小学入学准备启动学校的早期干预。”)”可以推断出Dr Matthew认为学校应该实施早期干预。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Data frm the Early Years Fundatin Stage Prfile is readily available fr millins f children and yung peple in England. This infrmatin culd, and shuld, be used t identify pupils at increased risk f becming NEET. (英格兰数百万儿童和年轻人的早期基础阶段档案的数据很容易获得。这些信息可以也应该用来识别成为NEET风险增高的学生)”可以得知，这些数据可以解决NEET问题。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Children wh were behind in their develpment at age 4-5were almst three times as likely t have been ut f educatin, emplyment, r training at age 16-17, analysis f pupil data has fund(在4-5岁时发展落后的儿童，到了16-17岁时，几乎有三倍的可能性处于无教育、无就业或无培训的状态，对小学生数据的分析发现了这一点)”、第二段“4-5-year-lds in England are assessed by the Early Years Fundatin Stage Prfile, and thse wh reach the bundary f a “gd level f develpment” are cnsidered “schl ready” (英格兰的4-5岁的孩子通过早期基础阶段档案进行评估，那些达到“良好发展水平”的孩子被认为是“准备好上学”的)”、第四段“Lead authr Dr Matthew Warburtn, Research Officer at Leeds’Schl f Psychlgy, said: “These findings tell us that there are clear, early indicatrs fr children and yung peple being at risk f disadvantage in late adlescence. As schls rutinely cllect this data, the research culd be used t kickstart early interventin in schls based n primary schl readiness. (主要作者利兹大学心理学院的研究员马修·沃伯顿博士说：“这些发现告诉我们，对于儿童和年轻人来说，在青春期后期面临不利因素有明确的早期指标。由于学校常规收集这些数据，这项研究可以用来基于小学入学准备启动学校的早期干预。”)”以及最后一段“Data frm the Early Years Fundatin Stage Prfile is readily available fr millins f children and yung peple in England. This infrmatin culd, and shuld, be used t identify pupils at increased risk f becming NEET. (英格兰数百万儿童和年轻人的早期基础阶段档案的数据很容易获得。这些信息可以也应该用来识别成为NEET风险增高的学生)”可知，文章首先介绍了研究发现（即儿童早期发展状况与后来是否成为NEET之间的关联），然后描述了相关研究的细节，最后提出建议（即利用现有数据进行早期干预）。因此，选项A“Intrducing a tpic-Describing related studies -Making suggestins(引入话题-描述相关研究-提出建议)”符合文章的结构。故选A项。
28.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三上学期8月联考）Researchers say they’ve used cutting-edge gravitatinal wave research t cast new light n a mystery — a 2000-year-ld cmputer, the Antikythera mechanism fund in shipwreck.
Well ver a century after its discvery, researchers at the University f Glasgw say they’ve used statistical mdeling techniques, riginally designed t analyze gravitatinal waves — ripples in spacetime caused by majr events in the universe such as tw black hles cmbining —t suggest that the Antikythera mechanism was likely used t track the Greek lunar year. In shrt, it’s a fascinating cllisin between mdern-day science and the mysteries f an ancient artifact.
In a 2021 paper, researchers fund that previusly discvered and regularly spaced hles in a “calendar ring” were marked t describe the “mtins f the sun, mn, and all five planets knwn in ancient Greeks and hw they were displayed at the frnt as an ancient Greek universe.” Nw, in a new study published in the Official Jurnal f the British Hrlgical Institute, University f Glasgw gravitatinal wave researcher Graham Wan and researchassciate Jseph Bayley suggest that the ring was likely perfrated (打孔)with 354 hles, which happens t be the number f days in a lunar year.
The team used statistical mdels derived frm gravitatinal wave research, a large-scale physics experiment designed t measure ripples in spacetime millins f light-years frm Earth and Bayesian analysis, a technique using prbability t quantify uncertainty based n incmplete data, t calculate the likely number f hles in the mechanism using the psitins f the surviving hles and the placement f the ring’s surviving six fragments.
Surprisingly, the inspiratin fr the study came frm a YuTuber Chris Budiselic, wh has been attempting t physically recreate the ancient mechanism and investigating ways t determine just hw many hles it cntained.
“It’s a neat symmetry that we’ve adapted techniques we use t study the universe tday t understand mre abut a mechanism that helped peple keep track f the heavens nearly tw millennia ag,” Wan said.
“We hpe that ur findings abut the Antikythera mechanism, althugh less supernaturally spectacular than thse made by Indiana Jnes, will help deepen ur understanding f hw this remarkable device was made and used by the Greeks,” Wan sadded.
12．What was the riginal purpse f the statistical mdelingtechniques?
A．T study the Antikythera mechanism.B．T investigate ancient artifacts.
C．T track the Greek lunar year.D．T analyze gravitatinal waves.
13．Hw did the researchers calculate the likely number f hles in the mechanism?
A．By using statistical mdels and Bayesian analysis.
B．By bserving the mechanism directly.
C．By asking YuTuber Chris Budiselic.
D．By bserving the physical recreatin f the mechanism.
14．The underlined term “Bayesian analysis” in paragraph 4 refer t a technique.
A．t recreate an ancient mechanism.
B．t measure ripples in spacetime.
C．t calculate uncertainty based n insufficient data.
D．t calculate the psitins f the surviving hles.
15．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Mdern science was ideally cmbined with an ancient artifact.
B．The Antikythera mechanism was discvered in a shipwreck.
C．The mystery f the Antikythera mechanism remains unslved.
D．Gravitatinal wave research revealed the Antikythera mechanismt.
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究人员利用引力波研究中的统计建模技术来研究古老的安提基特拉机械。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchers at the University f Glasgw say they’ve used statistical mdeling techniques, riginally designed t analyze gravitatinal waves(格拉斯哥大学的研究人员表示，他们使用了统计建模技术，该技术最初是为分析引力波而设计的)”可知，统计建模技术的最初目的是分析引力波，故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The team used statistical mdels derived frm gravitatinal wave research... and Bayesian analysis... t calculate the likely number f hles in the mechanism(该团队使用了源自引力波研究的统计模型和贝叶斯分析来计算该机械中可能的孔洞数量)”可知，研究人员通过使用统计模型和贝叶斯分析来计算机械中可能的孔洞数量，故选A项。
14．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词后句子“a technique using prbability t quantify uncertainty based n incmplete data(一种基于不完整数据使用概率来量化不确定性的技术)”可知，“Bayesian analysis”指的是一种基于不充分数据计算不确定性的技术，故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers say they’ve used cutting-edge gravitatinal wave research t cast new light n a mystery---a 2000-year-ld cmputer, the Antikythera mechanism fund in shipwreck.(研究人员表示，他们利用尖端的引力波研究为一个谜团——在沉船中发现的有2000年历史的计算机，即安提基特拉机械——揭开了新的篇章。)”、第二段“Researchers at the University f Glasgw say they’ve used statistical mdeling techniques, riginally designed t analyze gravitatinal waves(格拉斯哥大学的研究人员表示，他们使用了统计建模技术，该技术最初是为分析引力波而设计的)”、第四段“Bayesian analysis, a technique using prbability t quantify uncertainty based n incmplete data(贝叶斯分析，一种基于不完整数据使用概率来量化不确定性的技术)”以及最后一段““We hpe that ur findings abut the Antikythera mechanism, althugh less supernaturally spectacular than thse made by Indiana Jnes, will help deepen ur understanding f hw this remarkable device was made and used by the Greeks,” Wan sadded.(“我们希望我们对安提基特拉机械的发现，虽然不像印第安纳·琼斯的发现那样超自然壮观，但能帮助我们加深对这一非凡设备如何被希腊人制造和使用的理解。”Wan补充说。)”可知，文章开篇介绍了研究人员利用引力波研究来研究古老的安提基特拉机械，接着具体说明了研究过程和方法，所以文章的主要内容是引力波研究揭示了安提基特拉机械原理，故选D项。
29.（2025·湖南师范大学附属中学高三上学期月考试卷（一））Pwer ften bsts an emplyee’s creativity because being pwerful liberates the individual frm restrictins. Hwever, new research shws that emplyees wh are nt in psitin s f pwer can becme mre creative when given time t “warm up” by engaging in the creative tasks mre than nce.
“This is imprtant because when peple with mre pwer are able t express their creative ideas mre than thse with less pwer, it leads t rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these pwer imbalances,” said Brian Lucas, an assistant prfessr at Crnell University. “Understanding ways t bst the creativity f lwer-pwer wrkers can help them find the right way t deal with this lw-pwer disadvantage,” Lucas said.
Lucas and his clleagues cnducted three studies t reach their cnclusin. In the first study, they divided the creative idea generatin sessin int tw runds: a ne-minute “warm-up” fllwed by a secnd rund in which the participants culd take as lng as they wanted. Participants were randmly assigned t a high-pwer cnditin r a lw-pwer cnditin, and feelings f pwer were generated with a rle manipulatin (操纵) where participants were given a leadership rle with cntrl ver resurces (high pwer) r an emplyee rle with n cntrl ver resurces (lw pwer). The study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the warm-up rund. There was n difference, thugh, in creativity in the secnd rund.
In the secnd study, the researchers gave them a different creative task and increased the number f runds frm tw t five, participants taking as lng as they like t cmplete the task. Cnsistent with the first study, the study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the first rund. But the creativity f lw-pwer individuals caught up with the creativity f the high-pwer individuals after the first rund. Results f the third study demnstrated that a different creativity task can als warm up lw-pwer peple fr an unrelated creativity task.
“Given the high value f creative ideas fr rganizatins, it is vital t develp appraches that empwer all emplyees t tap their creative ptential,” Lucas said. “The lw-pwer warm-up effect suggests a simple interventin that empwers all emplyees t tap their creative ptential and vercmes pwer imbalances in the wrkplace: when pursuing creative wrk, let emplyees warm up first.”
12．Why des Lucas think it imprtant t bst the creativity f lwer-pwer wrkers?
A．It maintains pwer imbalances.
B．It mtivates their ambitin t catch up.
C．It creates a cmpetitive wrk envirnment.
D．It encurages a wrkplace with mre equality.
13．Hw did Lucas and his c-authrs stimulate feelings f pwer in the participants?
A．Thrugh a creative task with time limits.
B．Thrugh prviding them with different psitins.
C．Thrugh a cmpetitin between leaders and emplyees.
D．Thrugh assigning them t different cnditins intentinally.
14．What can describe the relatinship between pwer and creativity accrding t the studies?
A．It’s fixed.B．It’s dynamic.
C．It’s unpredictable.D．It’s irrelevant.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Higher pwer cntributes t mre creativity
B．Changing tasks bsts all the emplyees’ creativity
C．“Warm-up time” bridges creativity imbalances
D．Lw-pwer individuals utperfrm the high-pwer nes
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究表明，没有权力的员工在多次参与创造性任务后，也能提高创造力。研究还发现，让员工先“热身”可以克服职场中的权力不平衡，激发所有员工的创造力。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中Lucas的话“This is imprtant because when peple with mre pwer are able t express their creative ideas mre than thse with less pwer, it leads t rich-get-richer dynamics that strengthen these pwer imbalances (这一点很重要，因为当拥有更多权力的人能够比那些权力较小的人更多地表达他们的创造性想法时，就会导致富人更富的动态，从而加剧这种权力不平衡)”和“Understanding ways t bst the creativity f lwer-pwer wrkers can help them find the right way t deal with this lw-pwer disadvantage (了解如何提高低权力员工的创造力，可以帮助他们找到应对这种低权力劣势的正确方法)”可推知，卢卡斯认为提高低权力员工的创造力可以帮助他们应对这种低权力的劣势，即有助于找到应对权力不平衡的正确方法，从而鼓励一个更加平等的工作场所。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Participants were randmly assigned t a high-pwer cnditin r a lw-pwer cnditin, and feelings f pwer were generated with a rle manipulatin where participants were given a leadership rle with cntrl ver resurces (high pwer) r an emplyee rle with n cntrl ver resurces (lw pwer). (参与者被随机分配到高权力环境或低权力环境中，并通过角色操纵产生权力感，在那里参与者被赋予控制资源的领导角色(高权力)或不控制资源的员工角色(低权力)。)”可知，在第一项研究中，通过给参与者分配不同的角色，让他们在不同的条件下工作，从而感受到权力，因此参与者的权力感是通过给予不同的角色（leadership 或 emplyee rle）来产生的。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the warm-up rund. There was n difference, thugh, in creativity in the secnd rund.(研究发现，在热身赛中，权力大的人比权力小的人更有创造力。不过，在第二轮比赛中，创造力没有差异)”和第四段中“Cnsistent with the first study, the study fund that high-pwer individuals were mre creative than lw-pwer individuals in the first rund. But the creativity f lw-pwer individuals caught up with the creativity f the high-pwer individuals after the first rund.(与第一项研究一致，研究发现，在第一轮比赛中，权力大的人比权力小的人更有创造力。但在第一轮之后，权力小的人的创造力赶上了权力大的人)”可知，在第一轮比赛中，权力大的人比权力小的人更有创造力，但在第一轮之后，权力小的人的创造力赶上了权力大的人，说明权力和创造力的关系是动态的。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hwever, new research shws that emplyees wh are nt in psitin s f pwer can becme mre creative when given time t “warm up” by engaging in the creative tasks mre than nce. (然而，新的研究表明，如果给那些没有权力的员工时间，通过多次参与创造性任务来“热身”，他们会变得更有创造力。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现，一般情况下，职位高的员工比职位低的员工更具有创造力，但是热身环节可以激发职位低的员工的创造力，从而创造一个更加公平的工作环境, 所以选择项C“‘热身时间’弥补了创造力的不平衡”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。
分类标准（新素材）
研究报告类说明文经常出现在英语试题中的CD篇，难度适中上。本资料选取了全国模拟试题中的研究报告素材进行了汇编，以满足广大师生的需求。