最新陕西省2024年英语中考热点备考重难专题：一材多题型精讲（七选五、阅读理解—说明文、作文）【课件】

这是一份最新陕西省2024年英语中考热点备考重难专题：一材多题型精讲（七选五、阅读理解—说明文、作文）【课件】，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了一材多题型精讲， 语篇研读， 阅读理解说明文， 七选五 ， 作文缩写， 七选五等内容，欢迎下载使用。

课件思路简介 一、设计初衷：《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》提到“充分认识语篇在传递文化意涵，引领价值取向，促进思维发展，服务语言学习、意义理解与表达等方面的重要作用。” 基于此，特优选高质量语篇，改编成不同题型，使老师在讲解不同的阅读任务时，帮助学生多层次、多角度地理解语篇，进而提高学生的阅读理解能力。二、思路亮点：1. 采用精讲一材多题型的整体思路，即：把同一个语篇素材改编成3个不同的题型，以便多维度提升学生的阅读理解能力及写作水平；2. 结合2022全国创新考法，以“问题链”的形式研读语篇，方便老师精准透彻地讲解语篇；3. 站在学生的角度，动态可视化解题思路，培养学生的解题思维。三、适用场景：日常题型讲解或题型专项集训
Step 1：浏览全文，掌握文章信息（文体、主题、内容、结构、设空位置）
① There are deserts in many parts f the wrld. Deserts can lk very different. Sme deserts are full f sand; ther deserts are made f rcks. Deserts can be flat r filled with muntains. 1. _______!②All deserts are dry. They get very little rain r snw—less than 25 cm a year. Because deserts are s dry, sme peple think f them as empty and dead. 2. _______. The plants and animals that live in deserts need very little water. Many have special ways t stre water.
抓关键信息：首尾句、设空位置
③Cactus(仙人掌) grw in the deserts f Nrth and Suth America. 3. _______. Birds and ther small animals build hmes in and n the cactus. The saxaul(沙棘) is a special plant that grws in the deserts f Asia. It stres water in its bark(树皮). Peple wh live in the desert press the saxaul bark t get water t drink.
④4. _______. Every year, deserts grw larger. When trees are cut dwn, and large farms are built and t many sheep and cws eat the grass, the land gets wrn ut. The sil is washed away. The land turns int desert. When land becmes desert, 5. _______. 素材选自Cambridge Glbal English 3 Learner's Bk P44
①Different kinds f deserts.
②The lives in deserts have special ways t stre water.
③Cactus and saxaul grw in the deserts.
④Every year, deserts grw larger.
段首1处，段中2处，段尾2处，共5空; 空后标点：感叹号1处，句号4处（含1处空前逗号）
Step 2：分析选项
A.地球上三分之一的土地是沙漠
B.绵羊和奶牛的数量越来越多
C.他们几乎不需要水来生活
D.然而，在每个沙漠中都可以找到植物和动物
E.世界上最大的沙漠南极洲被冰覆盖
F.人们无法再种植粮食，需要离开家园
G.它们有厚厚的特殊表面，可以让它们储水
B. 首字母小写, 数量
C.they指代第三人称复数
D. 连词转折, Hwever, 动植物
F.首字母小写,人类行为
G.they指代第三人称复数，储水
A. A third f the earth's land is desertB. the ppulatins f sheep and cws becme largerC. They need little water t liveD. Hwever, plants and animals can be fund in every desertE. The largest desert in the wrld, Antarctica, is cvered with iceF. peple can n lnger grw fd and need t leave their hmesG. They have thick, special surface which can make them hld water
①There are deserts in many parts f the wrld. Deserts can lk very different. Sme deserts are full f sand; ther deserts are made f rcks. Deserts can be flat r filled with muntains. 1. _______!
Step 3：关注信息段、比对备选项，选择答案
A.A third f the earth's land is desertB.the ppulatins f sheep and cws becme largerC.They need little water t liveD.Hwever, plants and animals can be fund in every desertE.The largest desert in the wrld, Antarctica, is cvered with iceF.peple can n lnger grw fd and need t leave their hmesG.They have thick, special surface which can make them hld water
空后感叹号，语气强烈，
本段多次提及“desert”, 多选项均涉及，可先跳过
沙漠极度干燥，给人印象是空旷和死亡
②All deserts are dry. They get very little rain r snw—less than 25 cm a year. Because deserts are s dry, sme peple think f them as empty and dead. 2. _______. The plants and animals that live in deserts need very little water. Many have special ways t stre water.
动植物有独特的储水方式
代入D项，语义发生转折，符合语境
结合与前/后文关系推断
空处讨论的是仙人掌(复数形式)，锁定选项C、G，代词“they”指代，
在沙漠生活的人利用沙棘获取水
③Cactus(仙人掌) grw in the deserts f Nrth and Suth America. 3. _______. Birds and ther small animals build hmes in and n the cactus. The saxaul(沙棘) is a special plant that grws in the deserts f Asia. It stres water in its bark(树皮). Peple wh live in the desert press the saxaul bark t get water t drink.
段首设空，无法直接判断，可跳过。
土地荒漠化时，F项更符合逻辑
同学们不要忘记继续填写前面跳过的题目哦
未填空：1.___ ！4.___. 选项剩余：A、C、E （首字母大写，排除B）
对比3个选项：C、E与下文土地荒漠化无直接联系
E与前文讨论话题均是沙漠
段尾“！”，且内容承接整段大意
同学们补齐5处答案后，进行Step 4: 代入复核
结合与前/后文关系推断 2题、3题、4题
同词复现 1题：desert
①What des each paragraph talk abut?
P1: There are several kinds f deserts in many parts f the wrld. P2: There are still animals and plants living in the deserts even thugh they are s dry.P3: Cactus and saxaul have their wn special ways t hld water.P4: Deserts grw larger every year because f human activities, such as cutting dwn trees and building large farms.
对于段落大意题，中考考试中，还可能会针对某一特定段落的段落大意进行提问，比如：（1）Which f the fllwing situatins can match the main idea f Paragraph 1 ?（陕西 2022.48，2022新增角度）（2）Which paragraphs tell what sleepwalkers d?(河南 2020.33)（3）What is the main idea f paragraph 2？(贵阳 2021.23)
The text intrduces us the characteristics f different deserts in the wrld and the plants and animals living in them. Als, it tells us that deserts are grwing larger because f human activities. As a result, peple can n lnger grw fd and have t leave their hmes.
③What is the best title fr the text?
②What des the text mainly talk abut?
Deserts./Lives in the deserts.
What is the writer's main purpse in writing this passage?
作者写这篇文章的意图是什么？
作者主要介绍了世界范围内沙漠所具有的形态特点，以及生长在其中的代表性植物所具有的特色生物构造。呼吁人们关注自然现象，保护土地，防止沙漠化加剧。
①作者介绍了地球上不同沙漠的特点，特别指出世界上最大的沙漠上面覆盖着冰雪。这一内容与人们对沙漠的固有印象相反，旨在对学生的基础自然环境知识进行科普和渗透，丰富学生应有的常识知识体系，引导学生关注不同自然环境或现象的现状和成因。同时，作者介绍了沙漠中常见的植物仙人掌和沙棘的储水原理。它们克服极端缺水的困难，依靠独特表皮学会了适应和利用环境，旨在引导学生用科学的思维认识事物，热爱自然。
②作者介绍到地球上三分之一的陆地是沙漠，部分人类活动会破坏生态平衡，造成土地荒漠化。如果这一趋势愈演愈烈，则会威胁人类生存。旨在提醒学生，人与自然是相互依存的关系，要保持敬畏自然的态度，拥有绿色生活的理念，培养绿色生活的行为习惯。从自身做起，同时关心环境保护问题，了解生态环境变化，与大自然和谐共生。
根据文章内容可知文章第一段具体介绍了全球沙漠的类型和不同特点，第二、三段分别介绍了沙漠中植物的生长环境及植物本身的结构特点，第四段介绍土地沙漠化会影响人类生存。所以文章结构应为总—分结构。
①What is the structure(结构) f the passage?
同学们可以关注一下文章结构、说明顺序，自己写作文的时候会用到哦~
lk very different, be full f, be made f, be fill with, the largest ... in the wrld, be cvered with, dry, little rain, think f them as empty and dead, be fund in every desert
赏析:①作者描述沙漠不仅仅是人们印象中的那样，使用了“lk very different”。说明具体的出人意料之处时，使用了“be full f，be made f，be fill with”等一系列词组表明了沙漠的物质组成和确切类型，表达准确而丰富。同时作者使用最高级“the largest ... in the wrld”引出世界上最大的沙漠，并使用“be cvered with”介绍清楚其与众不同的特点是被冰雪覆盖。
同学们觉得这些词好在哪里呢？还有哪些词你认为用得好呢？
赏析: ②作者在描述沙漠气候特征时，使用了“dry, little rain”。指出人们对沙漠固有的印象是“think f them as empty and dead”，而与之相反，每个沙漠里都有动植物生活着，这里使用的“be fund in every desert”，对自然科学作科普的同时，引起读者对此话题的兴趣，便于作进一步的原因阐释。
lk very different, be full f, be made f, be fill with, the largest ... in the wrld, be cvered with, dry, little rain, think f them as empty and dead, be fund in every desert
赏析:③作者接着提到植物之所以能生存的根本原因是“have special ways t stre water”, 分析代表性沙漠植物的特征用到了“thick, special”。此外，与沙漠植物相关的动物活动，作者使用了“build hmes”描写鸟类等动物在仙人掌上的筑巢行为。同时作者提及人类活动，描写其在沙漠中通过“press the saxaul bark”，获得饮用水“get water t drink”。
have special ways t stre water, thick, special, build hmes, press the saxaul bark, get water t drink, A third f the earth’s land, grw larger, cut dwn, get wrn ut, wash away, turn int, n lnger, leave their hmes
赏析: ④作者描述沙漠在陆地的占比时，使用了“A third f the earth’s land”，数据的引入增加了文章的科学性，使读者更信服。介绍土地荒漠化现状时使用了“grw larger”。解释土地荒漠化进程时用到了“cut dwn, get wrn ut, wash away, turn int”。呈现荒漠化结果和对人类的影响时，用到了“n lnger, leave their hmes”，使人们意识到土地荒漠化最终会威胁人类生存。
结构语言——长难句分析（Hw）
When引导状语从句，当……时
短语：cut dwn 砍倒 ; t many 太多; get wrn ut 变得荒芜
译文：当树木被砍伐，大型农场建成，太多的羊和牛吃草时，土地就会被破坏。
When trees are cut dwn, and large farms are built and t many sheep and cws eat the grass, the land gets wrn ut.
03 阅读理解—说明文
Step 1：浏览全文，获取信息(已获取)
Step 2：分析题目，定位原文，对比选项
➊分析题目：圈设问关键点
1.The underlined sentence “sme peple think f them as empty and dead.” in Paragraph 2 means “____”.A. sme peple think deserts nly appear in Africa. B. sme peple think deserts are usually flat. C. sme peple think there is n water in the deserts. D. sme peple think there are n lives in the deserts.
第2段划线句子的意思是_______。
② deserts are s dry, sme peple think f them as empty and dead. Hwever, plants and animals can be fund in every desert. The plants and animals that live in deserts need very little water...
人们以为沙漠里没有动植物，也就是没有生命。
2.Which f the fllwing is an pinin f the writer?A. Deserts are nice places t travel. B. We shuld prtect land frm becming deserts. C. Peple shuld mve away frm the deserts. D. We can get water t drink frm the plants in the deserts.
以下哪一个是作者的观点？
④ trees are cut dwn, and large farms are built and t many sheep and cws eat the grass, the land gets wrn ut. The sil is washed away. The land turns int desert. When land becmes desert, peple can n lnger grw fd and need t leave their hmes.
沙漠是人们旅行的好地方。
土地变成沙漠会迫使人们离开家园
3. Where d yu think the passage may cme frm?A. A sprts reprt.B. A travel guide. C. A nature magazine.D. A stry bk.
你认为这篇文章可能来自哪里？
① There are deserts in many parts f the wrld... ②, plants and animals can be fund in every desert... ③Cactus(仙人掌) grw in the deserts f Nrth and Suth America... ④A third f the earth's land is desert...
全文内容主要围绕土地沙漠化展开，探讨的问题是自然环境相关内容
The underlined sentence, mean
Which, an pinin f the writer
Where, the passage, cme frm
词义/短语猜测(1)The underlined wrd “cntact” prbably means “_____” in the text.(陕西 2022.46)(2)What des “ut f it” mst prbably mean in Chinese? (河南2020.31)文章出处In which part f a magazine can we read the passage? （陕西副题 2022.50 新设问）
请同学们根据以下提示，缩写“沙漠”这篇文章。►关键词：be made f, dry, special ways, grw larger, leave their hmes ►词数：不少于70词
可以使用语篇研读部分的文章结构、要点表达、逻辑连接词语哦~