北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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2024.10
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Page, 22, had left Whitehrse and was rughly 1, 000 miles away frm Tuktyaktuk. T get there, he wuld have t ___1___ fr 30 days alng rads and frzen rivers. Befre starting his rund-the-wrld jurney at Ushuaia, Page had barely picked up a camera. But 10, 000 miles later, he fund himself in nrthern Canada, ___2___ the ftage(片段) that wuld frm a dcumentary.
It was a sense f ___3___ rather than great scenery that sent him n his way. Page had dreamed f traveling the wrld by bicycle and he decided t make it a reality. “I had n girlfriend and I had nthing tying me at hme, s I ___4___,” he says. The adventure lasted three years, cvering 40, 000 miles and five cntinents. It was a mental ___5___ as much as a physical ne.
Page rde alne in late winter, camping mst nights, apart frm the rare ccasin he fund a hut in which t ___6___ frm the wind. “It’s nt ___7___ steely curage r bravery, there’s n ptin, s yu just d it,” Page says. Others wuld say the ppsite that it requires a lt f bravery.
When the Arctic Ocean came int sight, it was nt hw Page imagined it wuld be. It was wnderfully ___8___. The sun was setting and the snw was shining but rather than being filled with thrill, Page was cld and wrn ut. “Instead f walking ff int the ___9___. I sat in a bathrm — the nly warm place I culd find,” he says. “I thught abut the _____10_____ this jurney had taught me. Maybe I’d prved smething t myself by ging t the edge f my map. But I als realized that finish lines are better shared.”
1. A. cycleB. walkC. searchD. recver
2. A. drawingB. filmingC. recallingD. enjying
3. A. directinB. belngingC. accmplishmentD. adventure
4. A. g dwnB. break dwnC. set ffD. take ff
5. A. challengeB. barrierC. activityD. prblem
6. A. disappearB. hideC. watchD. run
7. A. strangelyB. especiallyC. exactlyD. pssibly
8. A. rmanticB. cmfrtableC. simpleD. vast
9. A. gardenB. huseC. sunsetD. frest
10. A. artB. languageC. skillsD. lessns
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述22岁的佩奇骑自行车环球旅行的经历和感悟。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了到达那里，他必须沿着道路和冰冻的河流骑行30天。A. cycle骑车；B. walk步行；C. search搜寻；D. recver恢复。根据下文“Page had dreamed f traveling the wrld by bicycle”可知，佩奇是骑自行车环球旅行。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一万英里后，他发现自己身处加拿大北部，拍摄了一段将成为纪录片的片段。A. drawing绘画；B. filming拍摄；C. recalling回忆；D. enjying享受。根据下文“the ftage(片段) that wuld frm a dcumentary”可知，佩奇拍摄了一段将成为纪录片的片段。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：是一种冒险的感觉，而不是壮丽的风景，让他踏上了这条路。A. directin方向；B. belnging所有物；C. accmplishment完成；D. adventure冒险。根据下文“The adventure lasted three years”可知，这是一次冒险的旅行。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“我没有女朋友，家里也没有什么东西可以束缚我，所以我出发了。”A. g dwn下降；B. break dwn毁坏；C. set ff出发；D. take ff起飞。根据上文“I had n girlfriend and I had nthing tying me at hme”可知，佩奇没有任何挂念和后顾之忧，所以就出发开始了他的骑行。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这既是身体上的挑战，也是精神上的挑战。A. challenge挑战；B. barrier障碍；C. activity活动；D. prblem问题。根据上文“The adventure lasted three years, cvering 40, 000 miles and five cntinents.”可知，三年骑行4万公里，跨越5个大陆对佩奇来说是身体和精神的双方面的挑战。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩奇在冬末独自骑行，大多数夜晚都在露营，除了极少数情况下他找到了一间小屋来躲避风。A. disappear消失；B. hide躲藏；C. watch观看；D. run跑。根据上文“he fund a hut”可知，佩奇找到一间小屋是为了躲避风。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：佩奇说：确切地说，这不是钢铁般的勇气或勇敢，是因为没有选择，因此你只有这样做。A. strangely奇怪地；B. especially尤其；C. exactly准确地；D. pssibly可能地。根据下文“there’s n ptin, s yu just d it,”可知，佩奇眼里露营不是因为他的勇气和勇敢，而是因为在野外没有选择的余地，故此处用“确切地说”符合语境。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它非常浪漫。A. rmantic浪漫的；B. cmfrtable舒服的；C. simple简单的；D. vast广阔的。根据上文“When the Arctic Ocean came int sight, it was nt hw Page imagined it wuld be.”和下文“The sun was setting and the snw was shining”可知，佩奇看到的风景很美，所以是很浪漫的事情。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我没有走向日落，而是坐在浴室里——这是我唯一能找到的温暖的地方。”A. garden花园；B. huse房子；C. sunset日落；D. frest森林。根据上文“The sun was setting”可知，佩奇并没有朝日落的方向去，而且待在浴室里取暖。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想到了这次旅行给我上了重要的一课。A. art艺术；B. language语言；C. skills方法；D. lessns课程。根据下文“Maybe I’d prved smething t myself by ging t the edge f my map. But I als realized that finish lines are better shared.”可知，这是佩奇在旅行中学到的重要一课。故选D。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A few mnths earlier, Stephanie Heller, had finished her wrkut in the gym when she ____11____(ntice) a wman in the parking lt struggling t bend dwn. Ms. Heller ffered t help her. The wman blamed ld age fr her incapacity, ____12____(explain) that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. “This wman felt every bit her age.” She recalled. “I dn’t let age stp me. I need a gd md, really. I lve singing and dancing with all the yung friends I ____13____(make) ver the years. I’m nly as ld as I feel.”
【答案】11. nticed
12. explaining
13. have made
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述71岁的海勒女士从健身房出来之后帮助一位70岁的女士的故事，表明她自己并不服老，心态仍然很年轻。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：几个月前，Stephanie Heller在健身房刚刚完成了锻炼，她发现停车场里有一名女子正在努力弯腰。这句话有A few mnths earlier作时间状语，描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填nticed。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女士把自己的无能归咎于年老，并解释说她已经70岁了。句中已有谓语blamed，因此此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，动词explain是句子主语The wman主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动，故填explaining。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：我喜欢和这些年来结交的所有年轻朋友一起唱歌跳舞。这句话有ver the years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时。主语为I，故填have made。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As we knw, life is full f ups and dwns. Dn’t allw the negative things in yur life ____14____(discunt) the psitive nes. Dn’t let a bad day r mnth r year make yu feel like yu have a bad life. Instead f fcusing n everything that’s ging wrng, ____15____ yu shuld d is t start hlding n t all f the things that are ging right. Yu may be struggling, but there ____16____(be) still s much t keep fighting fr — there is still smething mre meaningful t life than this pain.
【答案】14. t discunt
15. what 16. is
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述不要让你生活中的负面事情贬低了积极的事情。
【14题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：不要让你生活中的负面事情贬低了积极的事情。这里考查固定短语allw…t d sth.，意为“允许……做某事”。故填t discunt。
【15题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：与其把注意力集中在所有出错的事情上，你应该做的是开始坚持所有正确的事情。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，意为“什么”，用连词what引导。故填what。
【16题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：你可能正在挣扎，但还有很多东西需要继续奋斗——生活中还有比这种痛苦更有意义的东西。这里考查there be 句型，这句话描述的是现在的事实，谓语用一般现在时，主语是s much，be动词用is。故填is。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The tea plant grws best in trpical and temperate places ____17____ rain falls thrughut the year. Tea can be grwn frm sea level ____18____ abut 2,000 metres, but the best quality grws in higher regins. Tea cmes frm the leaves and buds f tea plants. Wild plants can be up t 9 metres high; hwever, n tea plantatins, t pull the leaves ____19____(easy), peple cut them back t a bush f abut a metre in ____20____(high). It takes a plant three t five years befre it is ready fr picking. A picker can harvest abut 20 kg f tea a day.
【答案】17. where
18. t 19. easily
20. height
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍种茶的地理和气候特征。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：茶树在全年降雨的热带和温带地区生长最好。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为places，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【18题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：茶叶可以从海平面种植到大约2000米，但最好的品质生长在更高的地区。这里考查介词短语frm…t…，意为“从……到……”。故填t。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，在茶园里，为了更容易地抽出叶子，人们把它们砍成一米高的灌木丛。这里需要副词，修饰动词pull。故填easily。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：见第3题详解。这里需要名词height，作介词in的宾语。短语in height意为“在高度上”。故填height。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Get invlved with ur research
Sme f ur research prjects rely n the genersity f peple like yu. Whether it’s using yur hme PC, taking part in a clinical trial, r simply vlunteering yur time fr a study, yu may be able t cntribute t sme f the grund-breaking prjects which make the University f Oxfrd a wrld leader in research. Watch this space fr ways in which yu culd get invlved.
Seeking pr sleepers fr insmnia research
Truble sleeping? Researchers frm the Sleep & Circadian Neurscience Institute at the University f Oxfrd are evaluating different interventins aimed at imprving sleep. We are lking fr pr sleepers between the ages f 18 and 65. Participatin will invlve spending vernights in the sleep labratry at Oxfrd, mnitring yur sleep/wake cycle, and cmpleting cmputerised tasks. Depending n the study yu vlunteer fr, yu will either underg an nline self-help treatment prgramme r lab-based nn-invasive brain stimulatin sessins prir t bedtime. Yu will be reimbursed fr yur time.
If yu are interested in taking part r wuld like mre infrmatin, please cntact the research team directly at insmnia@
Vlunteers with lazy eye wanted
We are lking fr vlunteers with a histry f lazy eye t take part in ur brain scanning study n hw bincular(双眼的) visin relates t brain chemistry. We are lking fr healthy, fluent English vlunteers aged 18-45 with a histry f lazy eye. Yu will als be asked questins abut yur medical histry t check yur suitability fr an MRI scan.
Call 01865 223622 fr mre infrmatin.
Oxfrd Vaccine Grup
The Oxfrd Vaccine Grup is an independent multi-disciplinary clinical trials and epidemilgy grup. OVG wrks twards the gal f develping new and imprved vaccines fr the preventin f infectin in adults and children, enhancing the understanding f immunity and studying the epidemilgy f infectius diseases.
T find ut which research prjects are currently recruiting vlunteers, please see the OVG website r email inf@ .
Oxfrd Experimental lab fr the Scial Sciences
The Oxfrd Internet Institute, tgether with the Business Schl, is recruiting individuals t participate in cmputer-based experiments invlving nline surfing behavir as well as ecnmic and plitical decisin-making. We pay ur subjects well, there are n special skills required and yu dn’t have t be a student t take part!
Cntact us at scialscience.study@ fr mre infrmatin.
21. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T ffer medical help t patients
B. T lk fr experienced researchers
C T intrduce new research prgrams
D. T recruit vlunteers fr research prjects
22. The gal f OVG is t _______.
A. carry ut clinical trials
B. prduce vaccines against viruses
C. learn mre abut the immune system
D. study the ccurrence f infectius diseases
23 Yu can finish the experiment n yur hme PC if yu jin __________.
A. Oxfrd Vaccine Grup
B. Insmnia research grup
C. Oxfrd Experimental lab
D. Brain Scanning study grup
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。旨在通过介绍一些医药公司以便招募一些作医药研究的人。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。考查此类题型中的目的意图。首段首句Sme f ur research prjects rely n the genersity f peple like yu.和尾句Watch this space fr ways in which yu culd get invlved.我们的一些研究项目需要你这样大方的人来参与；看看适合你的空缺位置。下文最后一段也有说明recruiting，招募新人。说明此篇文章的目的意图是为研究项目招募志愿者。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。审题得知关键词是OVG的目的是。可定位于此：OVG wrks twards the gal f develping new and imprved vaccines fr the preventin f infectin in adults and children, OVG目标指向培育新的改进了的疫苗以便阻止成人和小孩被感染。可知OVG的目标是生产抗病毒疫苗。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。审题定位于此：The Oxfrd Internet Institute, tgether with the Business Schl, is recruiting individuals t participate in cmputer-based experiments invlving nline surfing behavir as well as ecnmic and plitical decisin-making.这里关键词信息是recruiting和participate in cmputer-based experiments可知，牛津互联网研究所和商学院，正在招募个人参与基于计算机的实验。 所以如果你加入牛津实验室，就可以在家用电脑上完成实验。故选C。
B
Last July, Angela Peters, 36, rlled her wheelchair int a nail saln lcated at the Walmart shpping center in Burtn, Michigan, with the idea f painting her nails. But Peters, wh has cerebral palsy (脑瘫), was turned away. The saln (which is nt wned by Walmart), she says, tld her that they were afraid it wuld be t difficult t prperly d the jb given that her hands shk. What was meant t be a day f beauty bliss fr Peters was nw a disappintment.
Watching the interactin frm a few feet away was a Walmart cashier wh was abut t g n her break. Ebny Harris, 40, recgnized Peters as a Walmart regular. Nw what she recgnized in Peters was a kindred spirit. “She’s just like yu, me, my daughter, anybdy,” Harris tld ABC News, “She wants t lk pretty. S why can’t she?”
Harris apprached Peters. “D yu want me t d yur nails?” she asked. A smile spread acrss Peters’ face. “Yeah!” Having fund a table fr tw, Harris gently tk Peter’s hand int hers and carefully began painting her nails.
“I was a little nervus and was shaking because I didn’t want t mess her nails up,” Harris admitted. “I tld her she’s a blessing t anybdy, nt just me. She makes me lk at life and appreciate it much mre than I have.”
Watching it all with amazement and admiratin was Subway emplyee Tasia Smith. What struck her mst was the ease and gentleness displayed by Harris as she painted Peters’ nails, all the while chatting as if they were ld friends. Smith was s taken by the scene that she wrte abut it n Facebk. “They were s patient with her,” she wrte. “Thanks t the Walmart wrker fr making this beautiful girl’s day!”
Peters, wh runs a petry website, harbrs n bitterness tward the nail saln that turned her away. “When peple d us wrng, we must frgive,” Peters wrte n Facebk. “I just want t educate peple that thse with different challenges, like being in a wheelchair, can have ur wn business and get ur nails dne like anyne else.”
24. Why was Peters declined when she wanted t have her nails painted?
A. She insisted n sitting in a wheelchair.
B. Her hands shk invluntarily due t disability.
C. There was n need fr her t have nails painted.
D. She was nt a regular custmer f the saln.
25. In Paragraph 4, Harris referred t Angela Peters as “a blessing” because ______.
A. Peters deserved t be happy and be treated kindly
B. Harris felt bliged t ffer her a hand n a vluntary basis
C. Harris was reminded why she shuld be grateful
D. Peters gt her nails dne despite the previus rejectin
26. What may well be Angela Peters’ guiding principle in life?
A. Beauty is abut having a pretty mind, a pretty sul, as well as pretty petry.
B. Frgive thers wh have wrnged us, and we are likely t enjy ur life mre.
C. Being grateful is a way t sing fr ur life which cmes just frm ur lve and hpe.
D. Life is a mirrr and will reflect back t the thinker what he thinks int it.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了脑瘫患者Angela Peters想要做美甲，但却因为自身的缺陷使得别人不敢为她服务。沃尔玛的一位员工看到这件事后主动为她做了美甲。一名地铁员工将此事写在了自己的社交网络上，Peters也在自己的社交网络上写道不同的人，哪怕坐在轮椅上，也能有自己的事业，也能像别人一样做漂亮的指甲。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But Peters, wh has cerebral palsy (脑瘫), was turned away. The saln (which is nt wned by Walmart), she says, tld her that they were afraid it wuld be t difficult t prperly d the jb given that her hands shk. (但患有脑瘫的彼得斯被拒之门外。她说，这家沙龙（不属于沃尔玛）告诉她，考虑到她的手在颤抖，他们担心很难做好这项工作。)”可知，彼得斯想画指甲却被拒绝了是因为残疾，她的手不由自主地颤抖，担心她做不好这项工作。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“She makes me lk at life and appreciate it much mre than I have. (她让我看到生活，并且比我更感激它。)”可知，哈里斯称安吉拉·彼得斯为“祝福”，因为她提醒了哈里斯为什么要心存感激。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““When peple d us wrng, we must frgive,” Peters wrte n Facebk. “I just want t educate peple that thse with different challenges, like being in a wheelchair, can have ur wn business and get ur nails dne like anyne else.” (彼得斯在脸书上写道：“当人们对我们做错事时，我们必须原谅。我只是想教育人们，那些面临不同挑战的人，比如坐在轮椅上的人，可以像其他人一样拥有自己的事业，做指甲。”)”可知，安吉拉·彼得斯想要告诉人们：原谅那些伤害过我们的人，我们可能会更享受生活。故选B。
C
The philspher, Martin Buber, is mst knwn fr his wrk n “I-Thu/Yu” relatinships in which peple are pen, direct, mutually interested in each ther. In cntrast, “I-It” relatinships are thse in which we use the ther, like an bject, t slve ur prblems and fulfill ur needs and purpses.
It is nt ur fault that many f ur relatinships are r becme “It” relatinships because mst f what we feel, think and d is mtivated by uncnscius memries f hw t survive the envirnment int which we were brn. Thus, ne f the reasns we use ther peple t help us feel better abut urselves and cpe in the wrld is that using peple was nce necessary and it wrked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us n ur way. We didn’t have t reciprcate and care fr “It”. Even when the care and attentin f “It” was minimal r unpredictable, if we gt ut f childhd alive, smewhere alng the way “It” was invlved.
Freud called this stage f early life “primary narcissism”, which is ur instinct (本能) fr self-preservatin and is a nrmal part f ur develpment. While mst f us grw ut f it，we still hld a survival fear, which mtivates us t escape danger and t stay alive, and we all need this fear in healthy measure.
The prblem is that t many f us, t much f the time, are in a cnstant state f threat—and we ften dn’t knw it. We imagine peple are talking abut us behind ur backs, that we have cancer, that we are inadequate, and vulnerable t mre than ur share f bad luck. As ur brains have grwn in size and cmplexity, s has ur ability t scare urselves.
This causes many prblems. Fr example, ur stress levels increase, ur digestin is impaired and ur thinking becmes restricted. Our threat respnse stps any bdily functin, feeling, thught and behavir that might “waste” energy and detract frm fighting r escaping danger. Thus, when in threat, ur emtinal, cgnitive and behaviral range is significantly reduced.
And in this reduced state, ne f ur slutins is t find smene wh can save and cmfrt us. Instead f enabling us t be pen, direct and mutual, fear and anxiety lead us twards cnversatins and chices in ur relatins with thers that are rientated twards surviving—nt thriving (茁壮成长). Threat-mtivated relatinships are characterized by need, dependency, cntrl, demand, dishnesty, and self-interest.
We cannt frm the “I-Thu” relatinships that Buber speaks f until we have learned t ntice, cmfrt, and understand the emtins and patterns f ur threat brain. When in threat, we tend t use ther peple as bjects wh can save and prtect us, r wh we can blame fr ur prblems.
27. What des the underlined wrd “reciprcate” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Return the favur.B. Ask fr sme advice.
C. Cnvey an aplgy.D. Make sme cmments.
28. What can we learn abut “primary narcissism”?
A. It leads t ur survival fear.B. It is nrmal and usually temprary.
C. It impacts ur grwth negatively.D. It lays the fundatin fr Freud’s thery.
29. Which f the fllwing culd be an example f “I-It” relatinships?
A. Cmfrting an upset friend.B. Feeling srry fr yur mistakes.
C. Trying hard t be independent.D. Asking thers t take n yur task.
30. What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Hw We Can Frm the “I-Thu” Relatinships
B. Hw We Can Get Out f the “I-It” Relatinships
C. Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals
D. What Helps Us Survive and Thrive in Early Stages f Life
【答案】27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。 文章说明 了“I-It”关系，即我们利用对方来帮助解决我们的问题，并分析其形成的原因。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词前一句提到“When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us n ur way.” 作者认为在我们的童年成长过程中，“it”会来帮助我们，带我们走上正轨；划线词后提到“care fr(关心，照顾)”；and是并列连词，“reciprcate ”应该和“care fr”语义并列。由此可以猜测，“reciprcate”意思为“Return the favur（回报这份帮助，报答这份恩情。）”故选A。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。文章第三段中提到“Freud called this stage f early life “primary narcissism”, which is ur instinct (本能) fr self-preservatin and is a nrmal part f ur develpment.（弗洛伊德称之为生命早期阶段的“原始自恋”，这是我们的本能自我保护，是我们发展的正常的一部分。）”。根据“this stage f early life”可知， primary narcissism是指生命早期阶段存在的，是暂时性的；根据“a nrmal part f ur develpment”可知，primary narcissism是正常的。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“ne f the reasns we use ther peple t help us feel better abut urselves and cpe in the wrld is that using peple was nce necessary and it wrked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and fed us, and held us, and set us n ur way.”说明“I-It”关系是指我们利用他人来帮助我们。当我们弱小无助的时候，“它”会帮助我们，带我们走上正确的道路；文章第六段中提到“in this reduced state, ne f ur slutins is t find smene wh can save and cmfrt us.（在这种状态下，我们的解决办法之一就是找一个能拯救和安慰我们的人。）”。由此可知，“I-It”关系是指利用他人来帮助我们。由此可以推断，“Asking thers t take n yur task.（要求别人承担你的任务）”是“I-It”关系的例子。故选D。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段提到““I-It” relatinships are thse in which we use the ther, like an bject, t slve ur prblems and fulfill ur needs and purpses. ”说明“I-It”关系是指我们利用对方，（把对方）就像当作是一个物体，来解决我们的问题，满足我们的需求和目的；文章第二段提到“It is nt ur fault that many f ur relatinships are r becme “It” relatinships”，说明成为“It”关系并不是我们的错；第四段提到“The prblem is that t many f us, t much f the time, are in a cnstant state f threat（问题是，我们中的太多人，在太多的时间里，处于一种持续的威胁之中）”是分析“It”关系形成的原因；文章最后一段提到“When in threat, we tend t use ther peple as bjects wh can save and prtect us, r wh we can blame fr ur prblems.（当我们受到威胁时，我们倾向于把别人当作可以拯救和保护我们的东西，或者把我们的问题归咎于他们。）”由此可知，文章是说明什么是“I-It关系”，并分析其形成的原因。文章的标题应该是“Why We Treat Others as Objects Rather Than Individuals（为什么我们把别人当作物体而不是个人）。故选C。
D
Mve Over, Selfish Gene
Evlutin traditinally has a prblem with nice peple. If nly the fittest individuals survive, then thse wh are nice t thers at their wn expense will surely be weeded ut. Yet cperatin is widespread in nature, frm plants alerting each ther t danger t dlphins cperating t rund up fish.
A decades-ld idea called kin selectin can explain sme f this: if rganisms (生物) have enugh DNA in cmmn, then they can further their wn selfish genes by helping ne anther. Bees and ants have a system f reprductin which leaves clny members s clsely related that they act almst as a single super-rganism. And amng any sexually reprducing species, parental care helps individuals pass n their genes.
But kin selectin cannt explain why humans are s nice t strangers. One idea is that we have evlved t be super-cperative because, ver time, mre cperative grups have utcmpeted less cperative nes. But there generally isn’t enugh genetic variatin between grups t allw natural selectin t favr mre cperative nes.
Sme researchers think the slutin lies in an idea called cultural grup selectin. Frget shared genes, they argue. Selectin can favr cperative grups if the peple within them share enugh culture. The idea is cntrversial because t wrk it requires that grups remain culturally distinct. As critics pint ut, peple tend t migrate (迁移) between grups, which shuld hmgenize (使同质化) ideas and custms. Thse wh back the cncept cunter that grups have ways t maintain their distinct culture, including a prcess called nrm (准则) enfrcement. Put simply, if smene migrates int a new cultural grup, they are pressured int fllwing the lcal rules because failing t d s leads t punishment.
Earlier this year, Mathew and Handley at Arizna State University published a study testing the idea. They sampled 759 peple frm fur ethnic grups in Kenya wh cmpete intensively fr land, water and livestck. The pair estimated that genetic differences between individuals frm different grups was generally less than 15%. Cultural practices and beliefs varied much mre, by 10% t 20%. Peple cperated mst with members f their wn grup, as cultural grup selectin predicts, and t a lesser extent with members f ther grups whse nrms mst clsely matched their wn. That makes sense if culture rather than genetics is what matters. “I think this is ne f the mst explicit tests f cultural grup selectin thery s far,” says Mathew.
Nt everyne is persuaded. Krasnw at Harvard University sees n theretical flaw with the idea, but says that sme f his research undermines it. He has fund that peple dn’t just enfrce the rules within their grup, but als punish peple frm ther grups wh fail t fllw their wn grup’s nrms. Mathew cunters that it is reasnable t enfrce the nrms n utsiders as a step twards incrprating (使并入) them int yur cultural grup. “This is ften hw empires expand,” she says.
31. The example f bees and ants is used t ________.
A. highlight the significant rle f reprductin
B. demnstrate the efficiency f a super-rganism
C. reveal why parents care abut their selfish genes
D. explain the cause f rganisms helping ne anther
32. Fr the idea f cultural grup selectin t wrk, a pre-cnditin is that ________.
A. cperative grups have a larger chance f survival
B. genetic variatins in the same cultural grup are small
C. cultural differences are weakened with peple migrating
D. cultural distinctiveness can be preserved with certain methds
33. The text is develped mainly thrugh ________.
A. srting infrmatin int different tpics
B. narrating events in time rder
C. presenting dubts and explring answers
D. discussing similarities and differences
34. We can learn frm the passage that ________.
A. culture plays a mre significant rle in chsing cperatrs
B. being selfish is f vital imprtance fr an individual t survive
C. Mathew’s study result cntradicts what cultural grup selectin predicts
D. peple jining a new grup will be punished fr nt keeping their wn culture
【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过提出疑问和探索答案来阐述文化在选择合作者时起着更重要的作用的观点。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A decades-ld idea called kin selectin can explain sme f this: if rganisms (生物) have enugh DNA in cmmn, then they can further their wn selfish genes by helping ne anther.”（一个几十年前被称为“亲缘选择”的想法可以部分解释这一现象:如果生物体有足够多的共同DNA，那么它们可以通过帮助彼此来进一步发展自己自私的基因。）可推断，蜜蜂和蚂蚁的例子被用来解释生物体互相帮助的原因。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The idea is cntrversial because t wrk it requires that grups remain culturally distinct.”（这个想法是有争议的，因为它要求各个群体保持文化差异。）可知，文化群体选择的理念能够发挥作用的前提是文化的特殊性能够通过一定的方法得以保留。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But kin selectin cannt explain why humans are s nice t strangers.”（但是亲缘选择不能解释为什么人类对陌生人如此友好。）第四段“Sme researchers think the slutin lies in an idea called cultural grup selectin.”（一些研究人员认为解决办法在于一种叫做文化群体选择的想法。）以及最后一段“Nt everyne is persuaded.”（并不是每个人都被说服了。）可推断，文章主要通过提出疑问和探索答案来发展的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That makes sense if culture rather than genetics is what matters. “I think this is ne f the mst explicit tests f cultural grup selectin thery s far,” says Mathew.”（如果重要的是文化而不是基因，那就说得通了。“我认为这是迄今为止对文化群体选择理论最明确的测试之一，”马修说。）可知，文化在选择合作者时起着更重要的作用。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Changing Landscape f the Music Business
The music industry is in the prcess f a great change. In the past decades, artists made mney thrugh physical sales f recrds, CDs, and cassettes. While in recent years, dwnlading sngs frm services such as Amazn r iTunes has becme the mst cmmn way fr peple t purchase music, and the whle idea f buying music t wn may be falling. T take its place are Internet apps that stream music directly t listeners n their smartphnes, tablets, r cmputers.____35____While this is great fr fans, wh nw have access t millins f sngs at the flick f a tuchscreen, it has shattered the traditinal mdel f hw an artist manages his r her career.
With music lvers increasingly mving away frm making ne-time purchases twards an all-yu-can-listen-t service, what is a hard-wrking artist t d? The main prblem facing many musicians is that payments-per-stream f a sng are much lwer than what an artist wuld receive frm a dwnlad. ____36____In Nvember f 2014, award-winning musician Taylr Swift pulled her entire music catalg frm Sptify, a ppular streaming app, claiming that their business mdel suggests that music des nt hld much wrth.
____37____They claim that it ffers smaller artists a chance fr their music t get heard by a wider audience. Brian Message, manager f the band Radihead, has cme ut in supprt f streaming services. He sees them as a way fr musicians and fans t interact.
Regardless f what artists may think abut this change in the music industry, there’s n arguing that they need t adapt in rder t make mney.____38____
Crprate spnsrship can be a risky ptin fr musicians. A band can make much mney by agreeing t prmte a prduct r license its music fr use in advertisements, but there are many ways that this can backfire. When bands wrk with businesses, they may lse the image they have wrked t create.____39____Artists must develp an image that appeals t their fans in rder t remain unique and authentic, r they risk striking .the wrng chrd, which culd leave them struggling t sustain careers in this new business landscape.
A. Others have welcmed the idea f streaming music.
B. Hwever, thse frms f media are quickly fading away.
C. Sme big-name artists have called attentin t the issue.
D. The rules culd be different fr smaller bands just starting ut.
E. Maintaining a fine image while wrking n a career is certainly tricky.
F. One majr shift is the grwth in partnership between artists and businesses.
G. These apps are available either as free versins r as mnthly subscriptin services.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. A 38. F 39. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章描写了流媒体发展对于现如今音乐人的影响。
【35题详解】
根据后文“While this is great fr fans, wh nw have access t millins f sngs at the flick f a tuchscreen, it has shattered the traditinal mdel f hw an artist manages his r her career.（虽然这对歌迷来说是件好事，他们现在只需轻触触摸屏就可以访问数百万首歌曲，但它打破了艺术家管理自己职业生涯的传统模式。）”可猜测，划线句可描写这些应用程序的功能特点是如何打破艺术家管理自己职业生涯的传统模式的。G选项“These apps are available either as free versins r as mnthly subscriptin services.”（这些应用程序要么提供免费版本，要么提供月度订阅服务。）符合题意，且选项中的these apps呼应上文的Internet apps。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据前文“The main prblem facing many musicians is that payments-per-stream f a sng are much lwer than what an artist wuld receive frm a dwnlad.（许多音乐家面临的主要问题是，每流歌曲的付费远远低于艺术家从下载中获得的费用。）”以及下文“In Nvember f 2014, award-winning musician Taylr Swift pulled her entire music catalg frm Sptify, a ppular streaming app, claiming that their business mdel suggests that music des nt hld much wrth.”（2014年11月，获奖音乐家泰勒·斯威夫特(Taylr Swift)从流行流媒体应用Sptify下架了她的全部音乐目录，声称Sptify的商业模式表明音乐没有多少价值。）可猜测，有些音乐家已经针对这个问题采取行动。C选项“Sme big-name artists have called attentin t the issue.”（一些大牌艺术家已经引起了人们对这个问题的关注。）符合题意，下文提到的Taylr Swift就是big-name artists中的一个。故选C项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“They claim that it ffers smaller artists a chance fr their music t get heard by a wider audience.（他们声称这为小艺术家提供了一个机会，让他们的音乐被更广泛的观众听到。）”可知，也有其他人赞同流媒体的发展。A选项“Others have welcmed the idea f streaming music.”（其他人则对流媒体音乐的想法表示欢迎。）符合题意，故选A项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Regardless f what artists may think abut this change in the music industry, there’s n arguing that they need t adapt in rder t make mney.（不管艺术家们对音乐行业的这种变化有什么看法，毫无疑问，为了赚钱，他们需要适应。）”以及下文“Crprate spnsrship can be a risky ptin fr musicians.（对音乐家来说，企业赞助可能是一个冒险的选择。）”可知，这个变化与音乐家和企业赞助有关系。F选项“One majr shift is the grwth in partnership between artists and businesses.”（一个主要的变化是艺术家和企业之间的合作关系的增长。）符合题意，故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据下文“Artists must develp an image that appeals t their fans in rder t remain unique and authentic, r they risk striking the wrng chrd, which culd leave them struggling t sustain careers in this new business landscape.（为了保持独特和真实，艺术家们必须塑造出能吸引粉丝的形象，否则他们就有可能引起错误的共鸣，这可能会让他们在新的商业环境下难以维持职业生涯。）”可知，保持良好形象很重要也很困难。E选项“Maintaining a fine image while wrking n a career is certainly tricky.”（在事业上保持良好的形象当然是很棘手的。）符合题意，故选E项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Cmplainer
Fr years, Jane Bth’s mther made lengthy airing f cmplaints. It gt s bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality f their time tgether, s she finally spke up and helped her mther realize hw ften she cmplained. It turned ut that Jane’s interventin nt nly helped her mther-it als helped their relatinship.
Yu may nt be as direct as Jane was t her mther, but there are ther ways t get a cnstant cmplainer t end. T be effective, it helps t crrect misbeliefs abut cmplaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest mst cnsiderate peple cmplain. And cmplaining desn’t always have a negative impact. Smetimes, cmplaining can change an unfavrable situatin int a mre desirable ne. Other times, it can fster new relatinships with peple we dn’t knw well.
The prblems start when cmplaining becmes the default mde（默认模式）“When we have a need t be heard, we repeat urselves,” says Dian Killian, a life cach, “the satisfactin fr frequent cmplainers cmes frm attentin, s they are never satisfied with any suggestin t address the prblems that they highlight reslutin isn’t their aim.”
S, hw d yu quiet a cnstant cmplainer, fr the sake f yur health and his？
Change the subject. Sme cmplainers will switch gears if yu shift the cnversatin in a directin that interests them.
Summarize the cmplaint. If yur cmplainer keeps repeating himself, he may stp if yu demnstrate that yu’re listening.
Challenge the persn t act. When a cnstant cmplainer tells yu abut his latest prblem, ask nicely what he’s dne t imprve it.
Be hnest. When yu have things t d, tell the cmplainer that yu must cut the cnversatin shrt-especially if it’s smene wh’s cmplained t yu many times befre.
When smene stresses yu ut with lts f negativity, it’s imprtant t talk abut the prblem. Otherwise, if yu bttle up yur feelings and cntinue listening t repeated cmplaints, yu may grw annyed r start aviding the persn.
Remember: Quieting a cnstant cmplainer can be beneficial t bth f yu.
40. What did Jane Bth d t stp her mther cmplaining?
_______________________________________________________________
41. Accrding t Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs abut cmplaining?
_______________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
_______________________________________________________________
43. Yur friend has been cnstantly cmplaining abut almst everything in life. What wuld yu d t help him?（abut 40 wrds）
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Jane Bth spke up t her mther and helped her realize hw ften she cmplained t stp her frm making lengthy cmplaints .
41. The misbeliefs abut cmplaining are that nly negative peple cmplain and that cmplaining always has a negative impact.
42. Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
43. I wuld first listen t my friend's cmplaints and shw empathy, but then I wuld try t shift the cnversatin in a directin that interests them and challenge them t take actin n their prblems.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何安静一个经常抱怨的人，并纠正了人们对抱怨的误解。抱怨并不总是负面的，有时可以改变不利情况，甚至是建立新关系，但经常抱怨会使情况更加糟糕，因为这些人从得到关注中获得满足感，解决问题并不是他们的目标。对于与经常抱怨的人交往，可以通过转移话题，重申抱怨的内容，鼓励他采取行动，并诚实地告诉他必须结束对话来处理好关系。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“It gt s bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality f their time tgether, s she finally spke up and helped her mther realize hw ften she cmplained. It turned ut that Jane’s interventin nt nly helped her mther-it als helped their relatinship.(事情变得如此糟糕，简觉得这破坏了他们相处质量，所以她终于说了出来，帮助她母亲意识到她经常抱怨。事实证明，简的干预不仅帮助了她的母亲，也帮助了他们的关系。)”可知，Jane Bth向母亲直言不讳说出了母亲经常抱怨，破坏了他们相处的质量，由此母亲意识到自己的抱怨。故答案为Jane Bth spke up t her mther and helped her realize hw ften she cmplained t stp her frm making lengthy cmplaints .
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“In fact, even the kindest mst cnsiderate peple cmplain. And cmplaining desn’t always have a negative impact. Smetimes, cmplaining can change an unfavrable situatin int a mre desirable ne. (事实上，即使是最善良最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响。有时候，抱怨可以把一个不利的情况变成一个更可取的情况。)”可知，人们对抱怨的误解在于只有消极的人才会抱怨，抱怨总是有消极的影响。故答案为The misbeliefs abut cmplaining are that nly negative peple cmplain and that cmplaining always has a negative impact.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“the satisfactin fr frequent cmplainers cmes frm attentin, s they are never satisfied with any suggestin t address the prblems that they highlight reslutin isn’t their aim.(经常抱怨的人的满足感来自于被关注，所以他们对任何解决问题的建议都不满意，他们强调解决问题不是他们的目标。)”可知，就经常抱怨的人来说，强调解决问题的任何建议都不是他们所追求的目标，而经常抱怨的人的满足来自于被关注，让抱怨的人所说的话得到关注是寻求解决问题的一种方式。故题干中的原句“Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.(经常抱怨是人们寻求建议解决问题的一种方式。)”表述与原文不符，原文表达的信息是经常抱怨的人不是为了寻求建议解决问题，而是为了得到关注。故答案为Cmplaining frequently is a way that peple ask fr suggestins fr their prblems.
【43题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第五段“Change the subject.(改变话题。)”第六段“Summarize the cmplaint.(总结投诉。)”第七段“Challenge the persn t act.(挑战那个人去行动。)”第八段“Be hnest.(要诚实。)”第九段“it’s imprtant t talk abut the prblem.(谈论这个问题是很重要的。)”以及最后一段“Remember: Quieting a cnstant cmplainer can be beneficial t bth f yu.(记住：让老是抱怨的人安静下来对你们俩都有好处。)”可以根据文章中给出的方法来劝导朋友，言之有理即可。此处给出参考答案即我会先倾听朋友的抱怨，表现出同情，然后试着把谈话转移到他们感兴趣的方向，并挑战他们采取行动解决他们的问题。故答案为I wuld first listen t my friend's cmplaints and shw empathy, but then I wuld try t shift the cnversatin in a directin that interests them and challenge them t take actin n their prblems.
第二节 （20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部的上一任外教Jim为你们推荐了一位新外教。作为俱乐部负责人，请你给Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．表示感谢；
2．讲述新外教给予的帮助。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hpe this email finds yu well. I’m writing t thank yu fr recmmending Ms Smith.
She is such a wnderful teacher a valuable additin t the club. She impresses us with her expertise and kindness. With her help, we have engaged in activities f all kinds and we are nw ur schl’s mst ppular club.
Als, Ms Smith came up with the idea t dnate English bks t students in a rural area. Can yu imagine hw happy they were when receiving thse bks? These reading materials will surely help enrich their experiences. Mst imprtantly, we feel the jy f being able t make a difference.
We believe yu are part f why all these have happened, s please allw me t say thank yu again. Well, s much abut us. What’s new in yur life? D keep us updated.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Jim写一封电子邮件，感谢他给与你校英语俱乐部的帮助。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。
结构：总分总法
要求：
1．表示感谢；
2．讲述新外教给予的帮助。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
impress…with…；engage in；cme up with；make a difference；
第三步：连词成句
1. She is such a wnderful teacher, a valuable additin t the club.
2. She impresses us with her expertise and kindness.
3. With her help, we have engaged in activities f all kinds and we are nw ur schl’s mst ppular club.
4. Als, Ms Smith came up with the idea t dnate English bks t students in a rural area.
5. Can yu imagine hw happy they were when receiving thse bks?
6. These reading materials will surely help enrich their experiences.
7. Mst imprtantly, we feel the jy f being able t make a difference.
8. We believe yu are part f why all these have happened, s please allw me t say thank yu again.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd(供参考)
2.表并列补充关系：Als，Mst imprtantly
3.表转折对比关系：Hwever, On the cntrary, but(供参考)
4.表因果关系：S
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1] Can yu imagine hw happy they were when receiving thse bks?(hw引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] We believe yu are part f why all these have happened, s please allw me t say thank yu again.(why引导宾语从句)