北京市海淀区2024届高三下学期二模英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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2024.05
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分， 共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Mvement is ur first language; I believe we’re brn t dance. I’ve always had a special liking fr dance, and my jb.
I gt great ___1___ wrking in the therapeutic (治疗的) wrld; it felt mre like a calling. I enjyed every mment; my purpse and missin ___2___ me. My highlights are when I’ve witnessed nce dull and hpeless eyes light up when the persn felt seen, heard, and accepted.
Then, ill health struck. As my health declined prgressively, I had t stp ding what I lved. ___3___, all I had was being able t facilitate the ccasinal wrkshp when pprtunity and energy aligned (一致). Chrnic fatigue syndrme (慢性疲劳综合症) is a merciless beast.
In 2020, the unimaginable happened. In additin t sul-destrying feeling f being ___4___, I began experiencing frequent vcal challenges f varying degrees. I culd n lnger accept facilitatin invitatins because my ___5___ was nw unreliable. I grieved, feeling like I was being swallwed by a damp, dark fg.
After an extended perid f being in self-pity, I ___6___ my thinking. I have internal value. My value r identity is nt ___7___ by what I can r cannt d. Regarding my health jurney, in time, I ___8___ this: it is what it is. Fr this seasn, this is my path.
S, I started dancing again. Life is full f surprises, pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral, yet what matters is hw we ___9___ t thse surprises. Despite nging vice lss and health challenges, I fund new ways t make a difference.
Yu and I may nt be able t chse the ____10____ life plays fr us; hwever, we d get t chse hw we will dance t it. May we dance with strength, curage, and grace.
1. A. fameB. surpriseC. pleasureD. inspiratin
2. A. fuelledB. attractedC. instructedD. calmed
3. A. SimplyB. ParticularlyC. EventuallyD. Apparently
4. A. tiredB. annyedC. disappintedD. injured
5. A. mindB. sightC. senseD. vice
6. A. discveredB. adjustedC. abandnedD. cntrlled
7. A. ignredB. selectedC. definedD. assisted
8. A. acceptedB. recalledC. questinedD. expected
9. A. referB. appealC. turnD. respnd
10. A. rleB. musicC. jkeD. game
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是热爱舞蹈和治疗工作的作者的生活变迁和心路历程。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴在治疗领域工作；这更像是一种召唤。A. fame名声；B. surprise惊讶；C. pleasure快乐；D. inspiratin灵感。根据下文“I enjyed every mment”可知，作者很高兴能在治疗领域里工作，空格处是“快乐”。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的目标和使命激励着我。A. fuelled刺激；B. attracted吸引；C. instructed指示；D. calmed使平静。根据上文“it felt mre like a calling”可知，作者觉得自己在治疗领域工作像是一种召唤，由此可见，作者的目标和使命激励着作者。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我所能做的就是在机会和精力一致的时候，促成偶尔的研讨会。A. Simply仅仅，只；B. Particularly特别，尤其；C. Eventually最终；D. Apparently显然。根据下文“all I had was being able t facilitate the ccasinal wrkshp when pprtunity and energy aligned”可知，空后内容是作者最终得到的结果，因此空格处是“最终”。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了疲惫的灵魂毁灭感之外，我开始频繁地经历不同程度的声音挑战。A. tired累的；B. annyed生气的；C. disappinted失望的；D. injured受伤的。根据上文“Chrnic fatigue syndrme (慢性疲劳综合症) is a merciless beast”可知，作者得了慢性疲劳综合症，所以会觉得累。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能再接受邀请，因为我的声音现在不可靠了。A. mind头脑，大脑；B. sight视力，视觉；C. sense意义；D. vice嗓音，说话声。根据上文“I began experiencing frequent vcal challenges f varying degrees”可知，作者开始频繁地经历不同程度的声音挑战，所以声音不再可靠。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在长时间的自怜之后，我调整了自己的想法。A. discvered发现；B. adjusted调整；C. abandned抛弃；D. cntrlled控制。根据下文“I have internal value”可知，作者在自怜之后开始调整自己的想法，认识到了自己有内部价值。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的价值或身份不是由我能做什么或不能做什么来定义的。A. ignred忽视；B. selected挑选；C. defined下定义；D. assisted帮助。根据上文“I have internal value”和下文“by what I can r cannt d”可知，作者觉得自己有内部价值，作者的价值或身份不是由作者能做什么或不能做什么来定义的。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于我的健康之旅，我最终接受了这个事实：它就是这样。A. accepted接受；B. recalled回想起；C. questined质疑；D. expected期待。根据下文“it is what it is. Fr this seasn, this is my path”可知，作者最终接受了“它就是这样”的这个现实。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活充满了惊喜，愉快的，不愉快的，平淡无奇的，但重要的是我们如何应对这些惊喜。A. refer提到，谈及；B. appeal呼吁，恳求；C. turn转动；D. respnd回答。根据下文“Despite nging vice lss and health challenges, I fund new ways t make a difference”可知，作者找到了有所影响的新方法，因此作者想说的是生活充满了惊喜，愉快的，不愉快的，平淡无奇的，但重要的是我们如何应对这些惊喜。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你和我也许无法选择生活为我们弹奏的音乐；然而，我们可以选择如何随它起舞。A. rle角色；B. music音乐；C. jke玩笑；D. game游戏。根据下文“hwever, we d get t chse hw we will dance t it”可知，跳舞是和着音乐跳舞的，因此此处表示“你和我也许无法选择生活为我们弹奏的音乐”，因此空格处是“音乐”。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nathen ____11____ (cycle) alng a remte rad when he came acrss an abandned kitten. Mved by her sad eyes and pitiful mewing, Nathen decided t adpt her and named her Mil. Tgether, they experienced kindness, ____12____ (visit) charities, and rescued animals, frming an unbreakable bnd. Mil especially liked ging t the railway statin near their hme during rush hur, ____13____ cmmuting (通勤) was challenging fr mst peple. Often ____14____ (find) sitting n a ticket gate, Mil greeted cmmuters and brught smiles t all she encuntered, making the spring mrning a little brighter.
【答案】11. was cycling
12. visited
13. when 14. fund
【解析】
【导语】本文属于记叙文，Nathen在偏远路上偶遇弃猫，出于怜悯将其收养并取名Mil。他们共同传递爱心、访问慈善机构、拯救动物，建立深厚情谊。Mil尤其喜欢在高峰期到家附近的车站为通勤者带去慰藉，用它的存在点亮人们的清晨。
【11题详解】
考查固定句型和时态。句意：Nathen在一条偏僻的路上骑自行车时，遇到了一只被遗弃的小猫。cycle“骑自行车”。根据句意和空后的when和came可知，此处为固定句型“was/were ding... when...”，本空用过去进行时，表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，主语Nathen为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was cycling。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们一起体验了善意，参观了慈善机构，救助了动物，形成了不可破的纽带。visit“参观”。本空用过去式visited，与experienced和rescued并列，用连词and连接。故填visited。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Mil尤其喜欢在上下班高峰期去家附近的火车站，那时上下班对大多数人来说都是一种挑战。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是rush hur，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Mil经常被发现坐在检票口，向上下班往返的人打招呼，并给她遇到的所有人带来微笑，使春天的早晨变得更加明亮。本句谓语为greeted，此处为非谓语动词，且Mil与find“发现”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，表示被动。故填fund。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research suggests a cnnectin between defrestatin, ____15____ (result) in prer air quality, and increased rates f depressin and anxiety. It has been revealed that cuntries with mre frested land tend t see ____16____ (few) cases f mental health disrders. In the 1980s, “frest bathing” was intrduced as a therapeutic practice centered arund trees t enhance the psychlgical benefits f utdr experiences. Up till nw, this practice ____17____ (use) fr treating patients.
【答案】15. resulting
16. fewer 17. has been used
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁为说明文。文章解释了森林砍伐与空气质量、心理健康之间的联系，并介绍了一种基于此的治疗方法（森林浴）。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究指出，森林砍伐导致空气质量变差，并且抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率上升。本句谓语为suggests，此处为非谓语动词，本空用result“导致”的现在分词形式，作结果状语。故填resulting。
【16题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：据透露，森林覆盖率较高的国家，精神健康障碍的案例较少。结合句意和mre frested land可知，本空用few的比较级fewer“更少的”，修饰名词cases“案例”，作定语。故填fewer。
【17题详解】
考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这种实践已经被用于治疗病人。根据Up till nw可知，use“使用”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，且this practice与use为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been used。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Many f ur actins are initiated by emtin. Challenging situatins will arise in ur lives and ____18____ we handle these situatins is a mark f hw mature and independent we are. Keeping ur emtins ____19____ dminating ur lives is essential because stable emtin brings a sense f cntentment and calm. Luckily, there are many ____20____ (help) techniques t cntrl ur emtins, such as meditatin, yga, and breathing exercises.
【答案】18. hw
19. frm 20. helpful
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁为说明文。作者介绍了控制情绪的重要性以及几种实用的方法。
【18题详解】
考查连词。 句意：在我们的生活中会出现挑战性的情况，我们如何处理这些情况标志着我们的成熟和独立程度。本空用连接词hw“如何”，引导主语语从句，表示方式，说明处理问题的方式。故填hw。
【19题详解】
考查固定短语。 句意：控制情绪不被其主宰我们的生活至关重要，因为稳定的情绪能带来满足感和平静。本空填介词frm，“阻止……做……，使……免于……”为固定短语。故填frm。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。 句意：幸运的是，有许多有用的技巧来控制我们的情绪，比如冥想、瑜伽和呼吸练习。本空用形容词helpful“有帮助的”，修饰名词techniques，作定语。故填helpful。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
UN FAO Wrld Fd Day Pster Cntest applicatins are nw being accepted. Try t picture a future where everyne has access t fd and water. What cmes t mind? Yu may help create a sustainable future by taking apprpriate actin. Create a pster shwing yur water actin fr fd as part f the Wrld Fd Day Pster Cntest t shwcase yur artistic talent.
Fd and Agriculture Organizatin (FAO)
The Fd and Agriculture Organizatin f the United Natins is a specialized agency that leads internatinal effrts t end hunger, prmte nutritin, and ensure fd security.
Prcedure and Benefits
Fill ut the frm n ur website, take a picture f r scan yur submissin, and submit it n line. The screening cmmittee will chse 15 psters frm each categry fr the first rund (a ttal f 60 psters frm 4 age categries), and thse chsen will be ntified in December 2024. A certificate fr this accmplishment will be given t the shrtlisted individuals. Winners will be highlighted n the FAO scial media channels and by reginal FAO ffices.
Our judges will chse three winners in each age grup, and they will be revealed in December. The winners will als get a diplma and a surprise gift package, as well as prmtin frm FAO ffices thrughut the wrld.
Entry Requirements
●The entry perid will pen n June 1, 2024, and end n Nvember 3, 2024.
●Per individual, nly ne entry may be submitted.
●Pster entries may be painted, sketched, r drawn using il r waterclr paint as well as mixed media, pens, pencils, crayns, r charcal. Artwrk prduced digitally is als acceptable. N phts are permitted.
●Text may r may nt be included in pster entries. Use f text is limited t n mre than 25 wrds.
●Never mentin private infrmatin such as names, schls, ages, etc.
●Please d nt send in physical psters; nly digital files saved as JPEGs will be allwed.
21. By taking part in the cntest, participants can ________.
A. shw their cking talentB. cntribute t fd sustainability
C. raise their nutritinal awarenessD. have mre access t fd and water
22. The final winners f the cntest will be ________.
A. be prmted glballyB. infrmed befre December
C. invited t reginal FAO fficesD. decided by FAO after three runds
23. Which f the fllwing psters meets the entry requirements?
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了联合国粮食及农业组织的世界粮食日海报竞赛的相关信息，包括竞赛目的、组织背景、参赛程序和好处，以及参赛要求等。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Yu may help create a sustainable future by taking apprpriate actin.(你可以通过采取适当的行动来帮助创造一个可持续发展的未来。)”可知，通过参加比赛，参与者可以为食物的可持续性做出贡献。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prcedure and Benefits部分的“The winners will als get a diplma and a surprise gift package, as well as prmtin frm FAO ffices thrughut the wrld.(获奖者还将获得文凭和惊喜礼品包，以及粮农组织在世界各地办事处的推广机会。)”可知，比赛的最终获胜者将在全球推广。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据Entry Requirements部分的“Never mentin private infrmatin such as names, schls, ages, etc.(不要提及个人信息，如姓名、学校、年龄等。)”可知，B选项不符合要求；根据Entry Requirements部分的“Use f text is limited t n mre than 25 wrds.(文本的使用限制在不超过25个单词。)”可知，C选项不符合要求；根据Entry Requirements部分的“N phts are permitted.(不允许拍照。)”可知，D选项不符合要求。故选A。
B
When I was named CEO f a glbal cmpany in 2006, I was determined t run the cmpany s that it wuld bth deliver gd shrt-term perfrmance and thrive in the lng term, years after I was gne. It was already in gd shape, but I dreamed f creating a defining crpratin f the 21st century, prud f its rt, yet glbal and respnsible in the shifting times.
Fr mnths I quietly read all I culd abut the big scial trends influencing business. I walked the market, and examined emplyees’ feedback. I als dug deep int the bligatins f public crpratins. Frm all f this emerged a visin fr the cmpany that guided us fr the next dzen years r s. I called it “Perfrmance with Purpse”. The gal was t deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additinal clear bjects: t nurish humanity and the cmmunities, t prtect ur envirnment and t cherish ur peple.
My mtivatin was whlly t “future prf”, r de-risk. And it wrked. In my 12 years as CEO, ttal sharehlder return was 149%, and net prfit jumped 80%. We cut the salt, fat, and sugar in s da and chips, added mre healthful brands and prducts, and lwered the amunt f water needed. We kept innvatin ging and ur design studis wn many awards. Our talent academy was s brilliant that nine senir managers left t take CEO jbs elsewhere.
I believe that leaders must think frm the future back, even when things are ging fine. And we nw have a framewrk t help: the evlving templates (模板) fr envirnmental, scial, and gvernance metrics (ESG衡量标准) that, in essence, serve t de-risk cmpanies and markets. These criteria frce discussin f hard truths fr anyne with the ambitin t stay relevant in the lng term. If the metrics are carefully selected, ESG is nt cntrary t investrs’ interests. Imprtantly, de-risking the cmpany actually creates sharehlder value.
“Perfrmance with Purpse” presented tugh mments fr me, including when ne investr questined, “Wh d yu think yu are? A philanthrpist (慈善家)?” But skepticism faded when a cllective missin tk hld that included bth the bttm line and much beynd. This was my hpe frm the start.
24. The authr’s new visin fr the cmpany came frm _________.
A. its unique cultural rtB. her thrugh research
C. custmers’ fundamental needsD. sharehlders’ strng requirements
25. Accrding t “Perfrmance with Purpse”, an ideal cmpany shuld _________.
A. shift its strategies prperlyB. value emplyees’ feedback
C. shulder scial respnsibilityD. priritize financial returns
26. What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The risks a cmpany may face.B. The authr’s ambitin t create value.
C. The interests investrs seek after.D. The authr’s recipe fr successful business.
27. As CEO, the authr can be best described as _________.
A. inspiring and warm-heartedB. determined and far-sighted
C. ambitius and generusD. mdest and strategic
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，作者于2006年成为一家全球公司的CEO时，决心让公司在短期内取得佳绩，并在作者离开后依然长期繁荣。作者提出“绩效与目的”的愿景，旨在实现财务成功的同时，关注社会责任、环境保护和员工发展。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Fr mnths, I quietly read all I culd abut the big scial trends influencing business. I walked the market, and examined emplyees’ feedback. I als dug deep int the bligatins f public crpratins. Frm all f this emerged a visin fr the cmpany that guided us fr the next dzen years r s. I called it “Perfrmance with Purpse”. The gal was t deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additinal clear bjects: t nurish humanity and the cmmunities, t prtect ur envirnment and t cherish ur peple. (几个月来，我静静地阅读了所有影响商业的重大社会趋势。我在市场里走了一圈，查看了员工的反馈。我还深入研究了公共企业的义务。从这一切中，我们看到了公司未来十几年的发展方向。我称之为“有目的的表现”。我们的目标是提供巨大的经济回报，就像我们一直做的那样，同时还有三个明确的目标：滋养人类和社区，保护我们的环境，珍惜我们的人民。)”可知，作者进行了大量的研究工作，包括阅读有关影响商业的重大社会趋势的资料、考察市场以及深入研究公共公司的义务，基于这些研究形成了新的公司愿景。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“I called it “Perfrmance with Purpse”. The gal was t deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additinal clear bjects: t nurish humanity and the cmmunities, t prtect ur envirnment and t cherish ur peple. (我称之为“有目的的表现”。我们的目标是提供巨大的经济回报，就像我们一直做的那样，同时还有三个明确的目标：滋养人类和社区，保护我们的环境，珍惜我们的人民。)”可知，一个理想的公司应该承担社会责任。故选C项。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第四段“I believe that leaders must think frm the future back, even when things are ging fine. And we nw have a framewrk t help: the evlving templates (模板) fr envirnmental, scial, and gvernance metrics (ESG衡量标准) that, in essence, serve t de-risk cmpanies and markets. These criteria frce discussin f hard truths fr anyne with the ambitin t stay relevant in the lng term. If the metrics are carefully selected, ESG is nt cntrary t investrs’ interests. Imprtantly, de-risking the cmpany actually creates sharehlder value. (我认为，领导者必须从未来的角度考虑问题，即使事情进展顺利。我们现在有了一个可以提供帮助的框架：不断发展的环境、社会和治理指标模板（ESG衡量标准），从本质上讲，这些模板有助于企业和市场降低风险。这些标准迫使任何有志于长期保持相关性的人讨论残酷的事实。如果这些指标经过精心挑选，ESG并不会违背投资者的利益。重要的是，降低公司风险实际上创造了股东价值。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了作者如何通过ESG衡量标准来为公司“去风险”，这是作者成功经商的秘诀。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“When I was named CEO f a glbal cmpany in 2006, I was determined t run the cmpany s that it wuld bth deliver gd shrt-term perfrmance and thrive in the lng term, years after I was gne. It was already in gd shape, but I dreamed f creating a defining crpratin f the 21st century, prud f its rt, yet glbal and respnsible in the shifting times. (2006年，当我被任命为一家跨国公司的首席执行官时，我决心管理这家公司，让它在我离开多年后，既能提供良好的短期业绩，又能保持长期繁荣。它已经处于良好的状态，但我梦想着创建一个21世纪的标志性公司，为自己的根源感到自豪，同时在不断变化的时代具有全球性和责任感。)”可知，作者作为CEO，不仅决心要让公司在短期内表现良好，还致力于长期发展，提出了前瞻性的“Perfrmance with Purpse”愿景，并成功实施，使公司在经济、社会和环境等多方面取得显著成效。这表明作者既坚定又具有远见卓识。故选B项。
C
The idea that aging reduces adults’ ability t imagine, a cmmn theme in children’s literature, is cntradicted by psychlgical research. While children are ften prtrayed as mre imaginative, research indicates that adults nt nly keep this ability but smetimes surpass children in imaginative thinking.
Children are frequently celebrated fr bundless imaginatin. Yet, research reveals that their make-believe games ften center arund realistic scenaris, such as cking and cleaning, as demnstrated in a 2020 study published in Jurnal f Cgnitin and Develpment. Anther study, lasting fr fur decades, als suggests that children are nt naturally mre imaginative than adults; their limitatins result frm a lack f knwledge and expertise t effectively use their imaginative capacity as adults.
Imaginatin may have evlved fr cnsidering alternatives t reality, but we use it mst naturally t explre clse alternatives, like preparing a different meal, rather than far alternatives, like riding n cluds. When we use imaginatin t envisin far alternatives — t innvate r invent — we’re nt digging int an inbrn appreciatin f the extrardinary; we’re using a tl designed t explre the rdinary. When cnsidering alternatives t reality, we fix ur attentin n pssibilities that are physically reasnable, statistically prbable, scially cnventinal and mrally permissible. When tld abut pssibilities that vilate such regularities, we usually deny they culd happen. Generally speaking, ur ideas abut what culd happen are firmly rted in what we expect t happen.
This mindset is als particularly apparent in yung children. In a 2018 study I c-designed with psychlgist Jnathan Phillips, 4-year-lds were asked t help a distressed girl wh disliked ging t schl due t missing her mther. Amng all the slutins given, they perceived the nly pssible slutin was fr her mther t d smething special after schl t ease her cncerns. Unexpected alternatives, such as snapping fingers and making it Saturday, wearing pajamas t schl r lying abut schl being clsed, were all regarded impssible. Frm this, we can cnclude that children’s earliest intuitins (直觉力) abut pssibility cnfuse what culd happen with what shuld happen.
Histrically, the imprbable event f traveling faster than a hrse was cnsidered impssible, as was traveling by air r traveling int space. Befre the arrival f trains and planes, there were gd reasns t think that peple culd travel nly s far and nly s fast. But these reasns were empirical (经验主义的), nt lgical. Imaginatin, n its wn, lumps the imprbable with the impssible, but we can cmbine imaginatin with ther abilities — namely, knwledge and reflectin — t separate the tw. While imaginatin in children ften subjects t expectatin, adults can cntrl their imaginative capacity fr innvatin by integrating it with accumulated knwledge and reflective thinking.
28. Accrding t the first tw paragraphs, we knw that _________.
A. children develp imaginatin thrugh games
B. children face limitatins in acquiring knwledge
C. adults are as gd as children in imaginative thinking
D. adults’ imaginative ability is likely t stay cnstant with age
29. We can infer frm the passage that _________.
A. expectatin results frm imaginative capacity
B. certain practical cncerns can limit imaginatin
C. breaking regularities may lead t clse alternatives
D. far alternatives are mre imprtant than clse alternatives
30. The 2018 study shws that children _________.
A. came up with a wide range f alternativesB. were quicker t figure ut slutins
C. tk what shuld happen as pssibilitiesD. used imaginatin in a reasnable way
31. The underlined wrd “lumps” in the last paragraph prbably means _________.
A. mixB. matchC. cmpareD. replace
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇短文主要指出心理学研究反驳了老年人想象力下降的观点，实际上成年人在某些方面可能比儿童更有想象力。研究表明，儿童的想象游戏通常围绕现实场景，并非天生比成人更具想象力，而是受限于知识和经验。人们倾向于用想象力探索与现实相近的可能性，而非遥远的不切实际的事物。研究还显示，儿童对可能性的理解容易与期望混淆。最后，文章强调成人可以通过结合知识和反思来控制想象力，从而进行创新。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中“While children are ften prtrayed as mre imaginative, research indicates that adults nt nly keep this ability but smetimes surpass children in imaginative thinking. (虽然儿童通常被描绘成更有想象力，但研究表明，成年人不仅保持了这种能力，而且有时在想象力思维方面超过了儿童)”和第二段中“Anther study, lasting fr fur decades, als suggests that children are nt naturally mre imaginative than adults (另一项持续四十年的研究也表明，儿童天生并不比成年人更有想象力)”可知，儿童天生并不比成年人更有想象力，人成年后也更有想象力，成年人不仅保持了这种能力，而且有时在想象力思维方面超过了儿童，可得出成年人的想象力可能会随着年龄的增长而保持不变。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中“When we use imaginatin t envisin far alternatives — t innvate r invent — we’re nt digging int an inbrn appreciatin f the extrardinary; we’re using a tl designed t explre the rdinary. When cnsidering alternatives t reality, we fix ur attentin n pssibilities that are physically reasnable, statistically prbable, scially cnventinal and mrally permissible. When tld abut pssibilities that vilate such regularities, we usually deny they culd happen. Generally speaking, ur ideas abut what culd happen are firmly rted in what we expect t happen. (当我们用想象力来设想创新或发明的遥远替代方案时，我们并不是在挖掘与生俱来的非凡鉴赏力；我们正在使用一种旨在探索普通事物的工具。在考虑现实的替代方案时，我们将注意力集中在物理上合理、统计上可能、社会传统和道德上允许的可能性上。当被告知违反这种规律的可能性时，我们通常否认它们可能发生。一般来说，我们对可能发生的事情的想法深深植根于我们所期望的事情)”可得出，某些实际问题会限制想象力。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中“Frm this, we can cnclude that children’s earliest intuitins (直觉力) abut pssibility cnfuse what culd happen with what shuld happen. (由此，我们可以得出结论，孩子们最早对可能性的直觉混淆了可能发生的事情和应该发生的事情)”可知，2018年的研究表明，儿童把应该发生的事情视为可能。故选C项。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。由最后一段中“But these reasns were empirical (经验主义的), nt lgical. Imaginatin, n its wn, lumps the imprbable with the impssible, but we can cmbine imaginatin with ther abilities — namely, knwledge and reflectin — t separate the tw. (但这些原因都是经验的，而非逻辑的。想象力本身就lumps不大可能（还有机会实现）和大不可能（绝无可能实现），但我们可以把想象力与其他能力——即知识和反思——结合起来，把两者分开)”可知，but后讲人们可以通过将想象力与其他能力，即知识和反思相结合，将不大可能（还有机会实现）和大不可能（绝无可能实现）分开，说明想象力本身会将不大可能（还有机会实现）和大不可能（绝无可能实现）混为一谈，划线词lumps意为“混合”。故选A项。
D
We are a scial animal. Indeed, it is ur sciality — such as the ability t make sense f each ther, t cmmunicate, t wrk cperatively and, finally, t create culture — that marks us ff frm ther animal species.
But then why are we everywhere striving t increase ur islatin and limit ur cntact with thers? As musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last mnth, it is a striking fact abut the new technlgies that have s cme t shape ur lives, that they have precisely this effect: they limit ur need fr human cntact. Online shpping? Check. Autmated checkut? Check. Ride hail apps? Check.
Efficiency is the key. We purchase efficiency by limiting the human aspect, knwn as “autnmus peratin”. This is perhaps even mre prnunced with new technlgies n the hrizn. Take the MOOC, the teacher-less virtual classrm. As Byrn e ntes, this is meant t deliver the values f a learning envirnment withut, well, withut the envirnment — yu get t stay at hme — n teacher, but als, n fellw students.
Byrne isn’t claiming we are cnsciusly chsing t islate urselves. We shp nline because it is cnvenient. The absence f cntact with thers is a side-effect. Maybe even an unavidable ne, as ne f the things that makes nline shpping s easy is precisely the absence f cntact with ther peple.
But Bryne’s thught is that whatever ur intentin, the tendency f ur tech t islate us may be a feature, nt a bug. His hypthesis is that we actually, at sme level, crave (渴望) the increased islatin and we are actually making technlgies t satisfy impulses that, in sme way, g beynd r against ur scial nature. But I wnder, is this really new?
Even if we are scial by nature, and d everything we can t embed urselves scially, the need t find ways t be alne is, well, nthing new. It’s als striking that the very activities that risk separating us — in the ld days, bks, newspapers, TV; nwadays, the latest apps als cnnect us. We read abut each ther. What we read gives us infrmatin t share with each ther.
I am well aware f the data that shws the mre time yu spend n scial media, the sadder and mre islated and envius yu feel f thers. But hw nvel is the islating effect f scial media? Being there reminds me a lt f what it was like t be scial in high schl — yu have a vivid sense f yur status and yur standing in relatin t thers, and yu have t deal with that.
This may be islating, sure. But it’s the islating face f the scial lives we’ve always had. It is islating because f the ways technlgy brings us int real cntact with thers, nt because it remves that cntact.
I wnder whether mre islatin is a real ptin, after all.
32. Which f the fllwing best reflects “autnmus peratin”?
A Getting a tthbrush via a htel delivery rbt.
B. Teaching mm hw t establish a smart hme.
C. Seeking help by calling human custmer services.
D. Having an nline meeting at hme with clleagues.
33. Which f the fllwing might the authr agree?
A. Technlgy ffers fresh insights int ur scial status.
B Actins seemingly islating can bnd peple.
C. Scial platfrms help bring peple clser.
D. Scial media has cme t define ur life.
34. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. What Technlgies D t Human NatureB. D Technlgies Shape Our Lives?
C. Hw Islatin Changes with CnnectinD. Can We Erase Human Element?
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在线购物和社交媒体如何可能无意中导致人们感到孤独，但同时强调这些活动也提供了与他人建立联系的机会，反映了现代社会中人们在追求便利与社交之间的平衡。
32题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Efficiency is the key. We purchase efficiency by limiting the human aspect, knwn as “autnmus peratin”. This is perhaps even mre prnunced with new technlgies n the hrizn. Take the MOOC, the teacher-less virtual classrm. As Byrn e ntes, this is meant t deliver the values f a learning envirnment withut, well, withut the envirnment — yu get t stay at hme — n teacher, but als, n fellw students. (效率是关键。我们通过限制人的方面来获得效率，被称为“自主操作”。随着新技术的出现，这一点可能更加明显。以MOOC为例，即没有教师的虚拟课堂。正如伯恩所指出的，这意味着在没有环境的情况下，传递学习环境的价值——你可以呆在家里——没有老师，也没有同学)”可知，通过限制人为因素（即自主操作）来提高效率。由此推知，通过酒店送货机器人获取牙刷正好符合“自主操作”的定义，因为这一过程中没有人为的参与，完全由机器人自主完成。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第六段中“Even if we are scial by nature, and d everything we can t embed urselves scially, the need t find ways t be alne is, well, nthing new. It’s als striking that the very activities that risk separating us — in the ld days, bks, newspapers, TV; nwadays, the latest apps — als cnnect us. We read abut each ther. What we read gives us infrmatin t share with each ther. (即使我们天生具有社交性，并尽我们所能融入社会，寻找独处方式的需求也不是什么新鲜事。同样令人吃惊的是，那些有可能把我们分开的活动——在过去，书籍、报纸、电视；如今，最新的应用程序也连接着我们。我们互相了解对方。我们所读的东西给我们提供信息，让我们彼此分享)” 可推知，作者认为看似孤立的行为实际上可以让人们产生联系。故选B。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“But then why are we everywhere striving t increase ur islatin and limit ur cntact with thers? As musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last mnth, it is a striking fact abut the new technlgies that have s cme t shape ur lives, that they have precisely this effect: they limit ur need fr human cntact. Online shpping? Check. Autmated checkut? Check. Ride hail apps? Check. (但是，为什么我们到处都在努力增加我们的孤立，限制我们与他人的接触呢？正如音乐家David Byrn在上月发表的一篇文章中所指出的那样，新技术如此塑造了我们的生活，一个令人震惊的事实是，它们恰恰具有这样的效果：它们限制了我们对人际交往的需求。)”可知，文章主语讨论了在线购物和社交媒体如何可能无意中导致人们感到孤独，但同时强调这些活动也提供了与他人建立联系的机会，反映了现代社会中人们在追求便利与社交之间的平衡。由此可知，D项“Can We Erase Human Element? (我们能抹去人类元素吗？)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being sensitive means that yu are bservant, careful, and thughtful. It can als mean yu smetimes verinterpret r verreact t perceived criticism r judgment. If yu tend t be a highly sensitive persn, yu are mre likely t misread signals frm thers, sense scial threats, and struggle t adapt t new circumstances. ____35____
The pwer f insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) pwer” .____36____ Fr example, thse wrking n cmplex research prjects with “sluggish pwer” persist with fcus and determinatin in the face f challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resurces. Their resilience facilitates effective prblem-slving, ensuring the successful cmpletin f tasks despite bstacles.
____37____ That is ne f the imprtant reasns why insensitivity allws a persn t better survive and adapt in a cmpetitive envirnment. Knwing neself is difficult, but knwing neself crrectly is undubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful peple, wh all clearly knw where their strengths are, what they can d, what they want, and what directin t g.
Practicing insensitivity invlves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express ur needs and pinins psitively and with cnfidence. Secndly, adpt a frward-lking mindset. ____38____ Additinally, detach frm external influences. Avid excessive cncern ver thers’ pinins and speculatin n thers’ thughts. Lastly, manage relatinships. Recgnize ur persnal respnsibilities while respecting thers’ bundaries. Dn’t interfere with ther peple’s subjects and dn’t let thers interfere with urs either.
____39____ Once yu becme a bit “blunt” and slw dwn the pace, yu will feel mre cmfrtable.
A. Learn t view the prblem as tw parts.
B. That’s where the need t be insensitive cmes frm.
C. I hpe everyne can btain the ability t be insensitive.
D. Behind insensitivity is a strng sense f self-awareness.
E. Being a highly sensitive persn can cme with many challenges.
F. It implies the ability t calmly face the setbacks and firmly mve frward.
G. Fcus n lng-term gals rather than the ups and dwns f life at the mment.
【答案】35. B 36. F 37. D 38. G 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先解释了敏感性的定义和可能带来的问题，然后转向讨论不敏感性的力量，并给出了实践不敏感性的策略。
【35题详解】
由上文“Being sensitive means that yu are bservant, careful, and thughtful. It can als mean yu smetimes verinterpret r verreact t perceived criticism r judgment. If yu tend t be a highly sensitive persn, yu are mre likely t misread signals frm thers, sense scial threats, and struggle t adapt t new circumstances. (敏感意味着你善于观察、细心和深思熟虑。这也可能意味着你有时会过度解释或过度反应感知到的批评或判断。如果你是一个高度敏感的人，你更有可能误读他人的信号，感觉到社会威胁，并努力适应新环境)”可知，这里需要一个总结如何应对高度敏感的句子。B选项“That’s where the need t be insensitive cmes frm. (这就是麻木不仁的必要性的来源)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
【36题详解】
由上文“The pwer f insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) pwer”.(不敏感的力量可以解释为“迟钝的力量”)”可知，上文提到了“迟钝的力量”，接下来应该解释这种力量具体意味着什么。F选项“It implies the ability t calmly face the setbacks and firmly mve frward. (它意味着冷静面对挫折并坚定前行的能力)”恰当地解释了“迟钝力量”的正面含义，即在逆境中的韧性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
【37题详解】
由下文“That is ne f the imprtant reasns why insensitivity allws a persn t better survive and adapt in a cmpetitive envirnment. Knwing neself is difficult, but knwing neself crrectly is undubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful peple, wh all clearly knw where their strengths are, what they can d, what they want, and what directin t g. (这就是为什么不敏感能让一个人更好地在竞争环境中生存和适应的重要原因之一。认识自己是困难的，但正确地认识自己无疑是一种优秀的能力——这是许多成功人士共有的特点，他们都清楚地知道自己的长处在哪里，自己能做什么，自己想要什么，以及要走的方向)”可知，后文提及自我认知能力及成功人士的特点，此处应引出不敏感与自我意识之间的联系。D选项“Behind insensitivity is a strng sense f self-awareness. (在不敏感的背后是一种强烈的自我意识)”指出不敏感实际上是基于对自我的深刻了解，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。
【38题详解】
由上文“Practicing insensitivity invlves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express ur needs and pinins psitively and with cnfidence. Secndly, adpt a frward-lking mindset.(练习不敏感包括几个关键的策略。首先，要自信。积极自信地表达我们的需求和意见。第二，树立前瞻性思维)”可知，该空需要接续前文关于前瞻性思维策略的内容。G选项“Fcus n lng-term gals rather than the ups and dwns f life at the mment. (关注长期目标，而不是当下生活的起伏)”正好强调了如何实践前瞻性思维，即忽视短期波动，专注于长远规划，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
【39题详解】
由下文“Once yu becme a bit “blunt” and slw dwn the pace, yu will feel mre cmfrtable (一旦你变得有点“生硬”，放慢节奏，你就会感觉更舒服)”可知，最后一段鼓励读者采纳不敏感的态度，并概述了这样做的好处。C选项“I hpe everyne can btain the ability t be insensitive. (我希望每个人都能获得不敏感的能力)”作为总结性质的句子，鼓励大家学会不敏感，适合放在最后一段段首作为寄语，且能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Hw Gratitude Makes Yu Happier
Chsing t be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way t bst yur happiness. We usually think f happiness as a subjective sense f well-being, a feeling f jy and satisfactin. But mre than just an emtin r fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness als includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life. Gratitude supprts happiness in ways related t all f these.
Research has shwn gratitude has far-reaching effects n ur physical health. When peple are thankful, they’re mre likely t exercise, eat better, and take care f their health. Much evidence pints t lwer stress, reduced pain and imprved immune systems as a result f being thankful. Even better bld pressure and psitive effects n the heart have been linked t gratitude.
Gratitude has a strng psitive impact n mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances psitive emtins and makes us mre ptimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurtransmitters like dpamine, which we assciate with pleasure, and sertnin, which regulates ur md. It als prmtes feelings like trust and genersity, which are induced by xytcin, a hrmne released by the brain.
Just like a muscle, thankfulness is smething we need t exercise mre ften. One way is t learn frm the Scandinavians, wh, the UN’s Wrld Happiness Reprt suggests, are the happiest peple in the wrld. It’s wrth pausing t think abut why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels f happiness. They are appreciative f a functining sciety where they have ecnmic security and where scial institutins supprt everyne. Yet, there is smething else. They value “mderatin”, a just enugh-ness. They dn’t chase happiness r wrk vertime fr mnths at a time. They remain grateful fr a healthy wrk-life balance. As a result f this satisfactin and cntentment, they feel their lives have value.
S, take sme time t be thankful. It can impact yur happiness and enhance many aspects f yur life.
40. What des happiness include besides what we usually think?
_______________________________________________________
41. On what des gratitude have a psitive influence?
_______________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value.
_______________________________________________________
43. Hw can yu exercise being grateful? (In abut 40 wrds)
_______________________________________________________
【答案】40. It includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life.
41. (Bth) physical (health) and mental health.
42. Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they value “mderatin”, a just enughness.
43. One way t practice gratitude is t keep a daily gratitude jurnal and write dwn three things yu are grateful fr each day. Anther practice is t ften reflect n the psitive factrs in yur life and cultivate an attitude f gratitude, which can als cultivate gratitude.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲解了感恩如何使人更快乐，内容涉及感恩对身心健康的具体益处，并引用了研究结果作为支持，还举了斯堪的纳维亚人幸福感的例子来阐述观点，最后提出建议。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第一段中的“We usually think f happiness as a subjective sense f well-being, a feeling f jy and satisfactin. But mre than just an emtin r fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness als includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life. Gratitude supprts happiness in ways related t all f these. (我们通常认为幸福是一种主观的幸福感，一种快乐和满足的感觉。但幸福不仅仅是一种情感或短暂的感觉，它还包括一种深刻的意义、价值和生活目的。感恩以与所有这些相关的方式支持幸福。)”可知，除了我们通常认为的，幸福还包括生活中深刻的意义、价值和目标感。故答案为It includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“Research has shwn gratitude has far-reaching effects n ur physical health. (研究表明，感恩对我们的身体健康有着深远的影响。)”以及第三段中的“Gratitude has a strng psitive impact n mental health as well. (感恩对心理健康也有着强烈的积极影响。)”可知，感恩对身体健康和心理健康都有积极影响。故答案为：(Bth) physical (health) and mental health.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels f happiness. They are appreciative f a functining sciety where they have ecnmic security and where scial institutins supprt everyne. Yet, there is smething else. They value “mderatin”, a just enugh-ness. They dn’t chase happiness r wrk vertime fr mnths at a time. They remain grateful fr a healthy wrk-life balance. As a result f this satisfactin and cntentment, they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人自己决定着他们的幸福水平。他们欣赏一个运转良好的社会，在那里他们有经济保障，社会机构支持每个人。然而，还有其他一些事情。他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好。他们不会追求幸福，也不会一次加班好几个月。他们对健康的工作与生活平衡心存感激。由于这种满足和知足，他们觉得自己的生活有价值。)”可知，“Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们觉得自己的生命有价值。)”逻辑错误，正确的逻辑应该是：斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好的状态。故答案为：Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they value “mderatin”, a just enugh-ness.
【43题详解】
考查语言表达。练习感恩的一种方法是每天写一本感恩日记，写下你每天感激的三件事。另一种做法是经常反思生活中的积极因素，培养感恩的态度，也可以培养感恩。故答案为：One way t practice gratitude is t keep a daily gratitude jurnal and write dwn three things yu are grateful fr each day. Anther practice is t ften reflect n the psitive factrs in yur life and cultivate an attitude f gratitude, which can als cultivate gratitude.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近日，应英国好友Jim的请求，你帮助他完成了一项关于你班学生英语泛读（extensive reading）现状的调查（见下图）。请用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.调查结果描述；
2.你的选择及对英语泛读的认识。
注意: 1. 词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
In respnse t yur request, I have cnducted the survey n English extensive reading. Here are the results:
The majrity f the participants (73%) ccasinally engage in this practice. Very few (7%) f thse surveyed reprt reading frequently while ne fifth (20%) admit they have never dne it befre.
As a passinate bkwrm, I definitely vte fr the “frequently” ptin. Extensive reading deepens my appreciatin fr English, which in turn increases my language prficiency. Secnd, the wrlds created by the authrs, either fictinal r nt, allw me t knw sciety and myself better, enabling me t see the wrld anew.
I hpe yu find the abve infrmatin useful. If yu have any ther questins please let me knw.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给英国好友写一封邮件，描述关于英语泛读现状的调查结果，以及对英语泛读的认识。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
要求：request→ demand
参与：engage in→ invlved in
肯定：definitely→ certainly
允许：allw→ permit
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Secnd, the wrlds created by the authrs, either fictinal r nt, allw me t knw sciety and myself better, enabling me t see a new wrld.
拓展句：Secnd, the wrlds created by the authrs, either fictinal r nt, allw me t knw sciety and myself better, because they enable me t see a new wrld.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Extensive reading deepens my appreciatin fr English, which in turn increases my language prficiency. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】If yu have any ther questins, please let me knw. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句)