北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题Word版含解析docx、北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第Ⅰ卷（共75分）
Ⅰ.听力理解（共三节，22.5分）
第一节: (共4 小题; 每小题1.5分, 共6分)
听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What will the man prbably buy in the end?
A. Juice. B. Water. C. Cke.
2. What is the wman ging t d n Sunday?
A. Enjy a cncert. B. See a film. C. Wrk n a prject.
3. Hw did Sam g t schl tday?
A. By bike. B. On ft. C. By bus.
4. Wh likes cmedy?
A. The man. B. The man’s mther. C. The man’s father.
第二节：（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）
听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
5. Why did the wman g t the library?
A. T meet the man. B. T check the textbk. C. T prepare fr the exam.
6. What’s the prbable relatinship between the tw speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Wrkmates. C. Neighbrs.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
7. Hw des the man feel abut his perfrmance tday?
A. Excited. B. Disappinted. C. Surprised.
8 What is the wman ding?
A. Hsting a ceremny. B. Ding an interview. C. Asking fr advice.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
9. What can yu learn abut the tur?
A. It will last fur days.
B. N meals will be prvided.
C. Students will meet sme artists.
10. What is the speaker’s main purpse in giving this talk?
A. T persuade students t jin a tur.
B. T invite students t be tur guides.
C. T infrm students f a tur arrangement.
第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。
Ⅱ.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a Sunday afternn in May. Paul Blachut was busy wrking at a restaurant in scenic Augsburg, Germany. Many turists came fr fd at the pretty place beside the river, where the meltwater was cld at this time f year.
A mther and her daughter were ___1___ the cling water by the riverbank. They were playing with an inflatable tube happily when ___2___ the girl lst her fting and was caught in the river’s current. It happened s fast that the girl desperately grabbed (抓) n t the tube, which her mther was sitting in, thrwing her int the river, t.
Blachut heard the sudden shut, “Tw wmen are drwning in the river!” Then he hurried t the ___3___ , where he sptted them trying t grab anything they culd. He was hrrified t see that ne f them kept sinking. Blachut’s mind ___4___ , “Hw can I help them?” ___5___ having n lifesaving training, he rushed dwn t the riverbank. Quickly he ___6___ his T-shirt and jumped int the river. He didn’t care abut the cld; all he culd think abut was saving the wmen. It was bvius they were ___7___ .
As Blachut gt clser t them, he culd ___8___ that the mther seemed t be in the mst truble. She was drwning. He ___9___ a film in which a lifeguard grabbed a drwning victim’s bdy, pulling the persn ashre while swimming n his back. Blachut tried this, but the wman’s clthing made her s ____10____ ; he kept being dragged under, t. He needed a new ____11____. He quickly dived under the drwning wman, ____12____ her upward and using that mmentum (水势) t take her tward the shre. At that time, an nlker was able t ____13____ the wman’s hand, pulling her ashre. Then Blachut jumped int the river again. He swam dwnstream, gt hld f the daughter, and was able t get her ut in the same way, t.
Several nlkers expressed their ____14____ fr Blachut fllwing the incident. Hwever, Blachut was ____15____ abut his rle, “The whle rescue nly tk several minutes and I am happy t receive yur praise.”
1.
A. enjyingB. buyingC. drinkingD. puring
2.
A. slwlyB. naturallyC. frtunatelyD. suddenly
3.
A. plB. restaurantC. shreD. tube
4.
A. stppedB. racedC. wanderedD. wrked
5.
A. WithutB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Fr
6.
A. put awayB. tried nC. tk ffD. hung up
7.
A. helplessB. dangerusC. calmD. busy
8.
A. shareB. expressC. respndD. tell
9.
A. mentinedB. recalledC. rentD. sht
10.
A. prettyB. sftC. heavyD. strng
11.
A. scheduleB. taskC. messageD. plan
12.
A. pushingB. flyingC. rllingD. pulling
13.
A. waveB. clapC. graspD. shake
14.
A. surpriseB. admiratinC. happinessD. hpe
15.
A. curiusB. carefulC. passinateD. mdest
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在餐厅工作的Paul Blachut不顾自己的安全，跳进冰冷的水中去救一对因意外溺水的母女的事迹。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位母亲和她的女儿正在河岸边享受清凉的水。A. enjying享受；B. buying买；C. drinking喝；D. puring倾倒。由下文“They were playing with an inflatable tube happily”可知，身为游客的这对母女在河边享受清凉的水。故选A项。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她们正在愉快地玩游泳圈，突然女孩失足，被河水卷走了。A. slwly缓慢地；B. naturally自然地；C. frtunately幸运地；D. suddenly突然地。由下文“It happened s fast”可知，女孩落入水中，是突然发生的意外。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他急忙赶到岸边，在那里他发现她们试图抓住任何能抓住的东西。A. pl水塘；B. restaurant餐馆；C. shre岸；D. tube管状物。由“where he sptted them trying t grab anything they culd”可知，听到母女二人溺水，Blachut赶到了岸边看情况。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Blachut的脑子里飞快地想：“我该怎么帮她们？”A. stpped停止；B. raced快速转动；C. wandered漫步；D. wrked工作。由上文“He was hrrified t see that ne f them kept sinking.”和下文“Hw can I help them?”可知，看到其中一人情况危急，Blachut脑子飞速思考该如何救人。故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管没有接受过救生训练，他还是冲下了河岸。A. Withut没有；B. Despite尽管；C. Besides除……之外；D. Fr为了。由本处语境可知，前后存在让步关系，用Despite突出Blachut英勇无畏、不顾自己的安全救人。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他很快脱下T恤跳进河里。A. put away收起；B. tried n试穿；C. tk ff脱下；D. hung up悬挂。由常识可知，因为衣服在水中会变得很重，下水一般要脱衣服。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显，她们很无助。A. helpless无助的；B. dangerus危险的；C. calm镇定的；D. busy繁忙的。由上文“Tw wmen are drwning in the river!”和“He was hrrified t see that ne f them kept sinking.”可知，两位女士处于生死关头，此时是感到无助的。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Blachut离她们越来越近时，他可以看出母亲似乎遇到了最大的麻烦。A. share分享；B. express表达；C. respnd回应；D. tell识别、辨别。由“that the mther seemed t be in the mst truble”可知，Blachut下水救人，游得越近，他辨别出母亲身处的麻烦最大。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回忆起一部电影，在这部电影中，一名救生员抓住一名溺水者的身体，在他仰面游泳时将其拖上岸。A. mentined提到；B. recalled回忆；C. rent租；D. sht射击。由“a film in which a lifeguard grabbed a drwning victim’s bdy, pulling the persn ashre while swimming n his back”可知，此处指Blachut回忆电影中救溺水者的场景。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Blachut试过这个办法，但那女人的衣服使她显得那么重；他也一直被拖下水。A. pretty漂亮的；B. sft柔软的；C. heavy沉重的；D. strng强壮的。由下文“he kept being dragged under, t”可知，Blachut被拖下水是因为溺水者泡了水的衣服变得很重。故选C项。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他需要一个新的计划。A. schedule工作日程；B. task任务；C. message消息；D. plan计划。由下文“He quickly dived under the drwning wman…”可知，Blachut采取电影中救人方法不成，他需要另一个救人计划。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他迅速潜入溺水女子的身下，将她向上推，并利用水势将她带向岸边。A. pushing推；B. flying飞；C. rlling翻滚；D. pulling拉。由下文“upward”可知，溺水者在下沉，要救溺水者，需要把他们推向水面。故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，一名旁观者抓住了这名女子的手，将她拉上岸。A. wave挥手；B. clap鼓掌；C. grasp抓住；D. shake摇。由上文语境可知，Blachut把那位母亲推向水面，此时一位旁观者前来相助，抓住了溺水母亲的手，把她拉上岸。故选C项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事件发生后，几名旁观者对Blachut救人表示钦佩。A. surprise惊讶；B. admiratin钦佩；C. happiness快乐；D. hpe希望。由上文语境可知，Blachut没有接受过救生训练，还是不顾安危、英勇无畏救了母女二人，大家对他表示钦佩。故选B项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Blachut对自己起的作用很谦虚：“整个救援只花了几分钟，我很高兴收到你们的赞扬。”A. curius好奇的；B. careful认真的；C. passinate热情的；D. mdest谦虚的。由下文“The whle rescue nly tk several minutes and I am happy t receive yur praise”可知，Blachut轻描淡写地描述整个惊险的救人过程，弱化自己起的作用，说明他是一个很谦虚的人。故选D项。
Ⅲ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Regenern Science Talent Search (Regenern STS) is the ldest and mst imprtant science research cmpetitin fr high schl students all ver the natin. Started in 1942, Regenern STS recgnizes and empwers mst prmising yung scientists. Each year, nearly 2,000 students enter Regenern STS. The cmpetitin awards 300 student schlars and their schls annually and invites 40 student finalists t Washingtn, D. C. t participate in final judging. Regenern STS prvides an imprtant platfrm fr their riginal research which is examined and reviewed by prfessinal scientists.
What are the requirements?
●Applicants must be ver 13 years f age and have legal parental permissin t submit (提交) the applicatin and participate, r be 18 years f age r lder;
●Applicants must cmplete individual research prjects t enter Regenern STS. Research cnducted as part f a pre-cllegiate student team prject is nt qualified fr Regenern STS;
●Applicants must submit applicatin package thrugh ur nline system, and must nt have entered any previus Regenern STS.
What are the cre cmpnents f an applicatin?
●Essays, shrt answer respnses, activities and basic infrmatin;
●Scientific Research Reprt (maximum 20-page research paper abut ne f the applicant’s riginal research prjects);
●Recmmendatins submitted by adults;
●Test Scres (ptinal).
What culd the applicants win?
●PARTICIPATION AWARDS: All cmpetitrs will receive a T-shirt, laptp stickers, and a free ne-year subscriptin t Science News magazine.
●SCHOLAR AWARDS: Each f the 300 schlars will receive a $2,000award.
●SCHOOL AWARDS: The schls f each schlar will receive $2,000 per schlar. The award is intended t cntribute t excellence in science, math and/r engineering educatin at the schl.
●FINALIST AWARDS: Judges select 40 finalists frm amng the schlars. In additin t an all-expense-paid trip t Washingtn, D. C., finalists receive a minimum award f $25,000.
16. Frm Paragraph 1, we knw that Regenern STS ________.
A. was started befre the 1940s
B. recgnizes 40 schlars every year
C. is a platfrm fr prfessinal scientists
D. is a natinwide science research cmpetitin
17. Accrding t the passage, applicants are required t ________.
A. be ver 18 years ld
B. submit applicatins nline
C. have entered Regenern STS befre
D. have cmpleted the research fr a team prject
18. Wh will win a minimum award f $25,000?
A. Each finalist.B. Each participant.
C. Each schlar.D. Each f the schlars’ schl.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍全国性的科学研究竞赛Regenern STS。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Regenern Science Talent Search (Regenern STS) is the ldest and mst imprtant science research cmpetitin fr high schl students all ver the natin. (Regenern科学人才搜索（Regenern STS）是全国最古老、最重要的高中生科学研究竞赛。)”可知，Regenern STS是全国性的科学研究竞赛。故选D。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据What are the requirements?部分第三条“Applicants must submit applicatin package thrugh ur nline system (申请人必须通过我们的在线系统提交申请包)”可知，申请人需要在线提交申请。故选B。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据What culd the applicants win?部分最后一条“In additin t an all-expense-paid trip t Washingtn, D. C., finalists receive a minimum award f $25,000. (入围者除了可以免费前往华盛顿特区，还可以获得最低2.5万美元的奖金)”可知，参加决赛者还将获得最低25000美元的奖励。故选A。
B
When I was an undergraduate student studying eclgy, I was used t discvering verall trends in large amunts f data. The thught f getting my hands dirty in the field never seemed interesting t me. I saw it as a bring and repetitive task. But I knew ptential graduate schls wuld likely view my lack f field experience as a hle in my applicatin letter. My mther als thught I shuld wrk fr a few years t explre my interests befre pursuing further educatin. S I decided t apply fr field-based summer psitins after graduatin.
After landing a jb assessing the sage gruse habitat in Utah, I fund myself in the cmpany f Sherel, a 75-year-ld btanist and the leader f ur field crew. On the very first day f the fieldwrk, I nticed a special plant n the field. “Wnderful! Lks like yu’ve gt a Mahnia repens,” Sherel shuted excitedly. I gently tuched the plant with yellw flwers by my feet, “This ne here? Hw can yu tell it’s a Mahnia?” He paused briefly t admire the plant and then began his energetic descriptin f the plant’s typical features. That evening, while we were watching the sunset tgether, I texted my childhd friend. “Day I was actually kind f fun,” I started, “but we’ll see hw lng it takes befre I get bred frm just identifying plants in the field all day.”
But as the weeks f fieldwrk rlled by, the bredm I had expected never arrived. I came hme frm the field each night with sre legs and a sunburned neck, excited by the day’s finds. By picking Sherel’s brain abut different species f animals and plants, I discvered field days are abut much mre than identificatin. Each day is an pprtunity t learn a little bit mre. When the summer was ver, I fund myself in anther field jb, this time surveying frest in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.
I’m nw a third-year Ph. D. student in eclgy. Fieldwrk may be buggy, wet, and physically demanding, but wrking with thers helps keep spirits high and the physical activity helps me stay sharp. And it cnstantly reminds me that any task can present an pprtunity t learn — as lng as I am pen t it.
19. Why did the authr jin the fieldwrk in Utah?
A. T find ut verall trends in data.B. T assess the sage gruse habitat.
C. T imprve his applicatin letter.D. T realize his mther’s dream.
20. On the first day f the fieldwrk in Utah, the authr ______.
A. argued with SherelB. cmplained t his friend
C. became a leader f his grupD. discvered a Mahnia repens
21. What des the authr think f fieldwrk nw?
A. Easy but interesting.B. Bring but fruitful.
C. Tiring but meaningful.D. Repetitive but demanding.
22. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. We shuld explre fun in daily tasks.B. We shuld be pen t new experiences.
C. We shuld respect the peple arund us.D. We shuld be determined abut ur gals.
【答案】19. C 20. D 21. C 22. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者是一名研究生态学的本科生，不愿意进行田野里实地研究，在母亲的劝说下，为进一步深造做准备，作者在毕业后申请了实地暑期职位，这段经历让作者明白任何任务都可以提供学习的机会。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中“When I was an undergraduate student studying eclgy, I was used t discvering verall trends in large amunts f data. The thught f getting my hands dirty in the field never seemed interesting t me. (当我还是一名研究生态学的本科生时，我习惯于在大量数据中发现总体趋势。一想到要在田里弄脏自己的手，我就觉得没什么意思)”和“But I knew ptential graduate schls wuld likely view my lack f field experience as a hle in my applicatin letter. My mther als thught I shuld wrk fr a few years t explre my interests befre pursuing further educatin. (但我知道潜在的研究生院可能会认为我缺乏实地经验会是我申请信中的一个漏洞。我母亲也认为我应该工作几年，探索自己的兴趣，然后再继续深造)”可知，作者虽是一名研究生态学的本科生，但没有实地经验，这于他申请研究院是不利的，为了提升自己的申请信，作者才参加犹他州的实地研究。故选C项。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中“On the very first day f the fieldwrk, I nticed a special plant n the field. “Wnderful! Lks like yu’ve gt a Mahnia repens,” Sherel shuted excitedly. (在实地考察的第一天，我注意到田野上有一种特殊的植物。“太棒了！看起来你得到了一株野Mahnia repens (小檗科)，”Sherel兴奋地喊道)”可知，在犹他州实地考察的第一天，作者发现了一株Mahnia repens (小檗科)。故选D项。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中“Fieldwrk may be buggy, wet, and physically demanding, but wrking with thers helps keep spirits high and the physical activity helps me stay sharp. (实地研究可能很麻烦，很潮湿，对体力要求很高，但与他人一起工作有助于保持高昂的精神状态，体育活动有助于我保持敏捷)”可知，作者认为实地研究对体力要求很高但有好处，可得出它是累人但有意义的。选C项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第二段中“I discvered field days are abut much mre than identificatin. Each day is an pprtunity t learn a little bit mre. (我发现实地研究的日子不仅仅是识别。每一天都是学习更多知识的机会)”和最后一段中“And it cnstantly reminds me that any task can present an pprtunity t learn — as lng as I am pen t it. (它不断提醒我，任何任务都可以提供学习的机会——只要我对此持开放态度)”可知，作者通过这段实地研究的日子明白了一个道理：我们应该对新的经验持开放态度，才能有更多的学习机会。故选B项。
C
An AI mdel can be used t detect stress in ffice wrkers based n hw they use their muse and keybard. A new study suggests that a machine-learning mdel using these tw elements was mre accurate at detecting stress in peple than a mdel that tracked their heart-rate data.
“We saw that the mdels that just used the muse and keybard data perfrmed better than the mdels that had the heart-rate data in it,” says Mart Naegelin. a Ph. D. student at the Swiss Federal Institute f Technlgy, and ne f the study’s authrs.
Naegelin and her fellw researchers used machine-learning mdels t analyze data n keybard-typing activity, muse mvements and heart-rate data. They als studied the data f a cmbinatin f tw r all three f these elements t determine which perfrmed best in terms f measuring stress. They fund that the mdel trained n muse and keybard data perfrmed better than the mdel that used muse, keybard and heart rates. Of the single-mdality (形态) mdels, the heart-rate data perfrmed the wrst. “The test was cnducted in an envirnment that simulated an ffice envirnment, s the results still need t be cnfirmed in real-life scenaris (情况),” Naegelin says.
In the experiment, participants were divided int three grups. A cntrl grup carried ut assigned tasks, such as planning meetings and cllecting data, with n additinal wrk. A secnd grup at times answered questins frm managers in persn in a mck interview scenari while cmpleting ther assigned tasks. And members f a third grup were, at certain pints, interrupted with additinal questins sent thrugh an nline chat n tp f tasks assigned t ther grups. At regular intervals during the experiment, participants were asked t rate their stress levels thrugh a cmputer questinnaire.
Researchers learned that wrkers made lnger, less accurate mvements with their muse, as well as mre typing errrs, when they were stressed. Shrter, mre direct mvements with the muse were tied t lwer stress levels. The study didn’t fcus n why increased levels f stress are thught t affect muscle activity.
The researchers say they believe a stress-detectin system that lgs keybard and muse mvements might be beneficial as a self-help tl fr emplyees alngside ther initiatives t imprve wrkplace mental health. But emplyee participatin wuld need t be ptinal and based n infrmed cnsent (同意), and cmpanies wuld need t cmmit t prtecting user privacy.
It remains t be seen hw this technlgy will evlve and be adpted in practice, but the ptential fr AI t cntribute psitively t emplyee well-being is an appealing avenue fr future explratin.
23. What d we knw frm Naegelin’s study?
A. Heart-rate data has little cnnectin with stress.
B. Muse and keybard data prves effective in stress detectin.
C. Muse data perfrms wrst in measuring stress amng all mdels.
D. Using mre elements in a mdel increases accuracy in stress detectin.
24 What is Paragragh 5 mainly abut?
A. The research prcess.B. The research findings.
C. The research purpse.D. The research backgrund.
25. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. AI mdels based n muse and keybard data have been widely applied.
B. Naegelin’s study explains why muscle activity can affect stress levels.
C. Emplyers need t respect emplyees’ privacy while detecting stress.
D. A stress-detectin system imprves physical health at the wrkplace.
26. What is the authr’s purpse f writing the passage?
A. T intrduce a new mdel t detect stress.
B. T cmpare different mdels in stress detectin.
C. T shw the disadvantages f being verstressed.
D. T state the imprtance f a stress-detectin system.
【答案】23. B 24. B 25. C 26. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究表明，人工智能模型根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式可以检测人们的压力，其结果比跟踪他们心率数据得出的结果更准确。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“An AI mdel can be used t detect stress in ffice wrkers based n hw they use their muse and keybard. A new study suggests that a machine-learning mdel using these tw elements was mre accurate at detecting stress in peple than a mdel that tracked their heart-rate data. (人工智能模型可以根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式来检测他们的压力。一项新的研究表明，使用这两个元素的机器学习模型在检测人们的压力方面比跟踪他们心率数据的模型更准确)”和第二段中“We saw that the mdels that just used the muse and keybard data perfrmed better than the mdels that had the heart-rate data in it (我们发现，只使用鼠标和键盘数据的模型比包含心率数据的模型表现更好)”可知，鼠标和键盘数据在压力检测中被证明是有效的。故选B项。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。由第五段中“Researchers learned that wrkers made lnger, less accurate mvements with their muse, as well as mre typing errrs, when they were stressed. Shrter, mre direct mvements with the muse were tied t lwer stress levels. (研究人员了解到，当员工受到压力时，他们用鼠标做的动作更长、更不准确，打字错误也更多。用鼠标做更短、更直接的运动与更低的压力水平有关)”可知，第五段主要讲这项研究最后得出的结果。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段得出的研究结果和倒数第二段“The researchers say they believe a stress-detectin system that lgs keybard and muse mvements might be beneficial as a self-help tl fr emplyees alngside ther initiatives t imprve wrkplace mental health. But emplyee participatin wuld need t be ptinal and based n infrmed cnsent (同意), and cmpanies wuld need t cmmit t prtecting user privacy. (研究人员表示，他们相信，一个记录键盘和鼠标运动的压力检测系统，作为员工的自助工具，以及其他改善工作场所心理健康的举措，可能是有益的。但员工的参与是非强制的，并基于知情同意，公司需要承诺保护用户隐私)”可知，基于鼠标和键盘数据的AI模型能帮雇主发现员工的压力，但不能强制员工参与，需要尊重员工的隐私。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“An AI mdel can be used t detect stress in ffice wrkers based n hw they use their muse and keybard. A new study suggests that a machine-learning mdel using these tw elements was mre accurate at detecting stress in peple than a mdel that tracked their heart-rate data. (人工智能模型可以根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式来检测他们的压力。一项新的研究表明，使用这两个元素的机器学习模型在检测人们的压力方面比跟踪他们心率数据的模型更准确)”和第二段中“We saw that the mdels that just used the muse and keybard data perfrmed better than the mdels that had the heart-rate data in it (我们发现，只使用鼠标和键盘数据的模型比包含心率数据的模型表现更好)”可知，文章介绍了一项新研究表明，人工智能模型根据上班族使用鼠标和键盘的方式可以检测人们的压力，其结果比跟踪他们心率数据的得出的结果更准确，本文目的在于介绍一种新的压力检测模型。故选A项。
D
Frzen in time, a 125-millin-year-ld mammal attacking a dinsaur. A 39-millin-year-ld whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The ldest knwn jellyfish, frm 505 millin years ag. Palentlgy (古生物学) prduces newswrthy discveries.
Fssils (化石), mrever, prvide direct evidence fr the lng histry f life, allwing palentlgists t test hyptheses (假设) abut evlutin with data nly they prvide. They allw investigatin f present and past life n Earth. Flws f bilgical diversity, appearances f new life frms and the extinctins f lng existing nes, wuld g undiscvered withut these effrts. But the headlines ver exciting new fssils greatly underestimate the true imprtance f palentlgy. Its real significance lies in hw such discveries brighten the grand histry f life n Earth. Frm its beginnings, mre than three billin years ag, t the present day, fssils recrd hw life adapted r disappeared in the face f majr envirnmental challenges.
Palentlgists prvide us with a unique vantage n mdern climate change. They play an essential rle in interpreting ancient envirnments, in recnstructing ancient ceans, cntinents and climates. Fssils prvide key limitatin n the climate mdels that are essential fr predicting future climate change. And the fssil recrd gives imprtant insights int hw life will respnd t predicted future climate cnditins, because these have ccurred befre in Earth’s histry.
In additin, palentlgy has prvided a fundamental cntributin t human thught: the reality f species extinctin and thus f a wrld that has dramatically changed ver time. In dcumenting the histry f life, palentlgists recgnized that many extinctin episdes culd ccur suddenly, such as the event 66 millin years ag that ended the dinsaurs. The search fr the causes f past mass extinctins started pineering studies frm acrss the scientific spectrum (科学界), fcusing n ptential future threats t humanity.
Nt nly d palentlgists knw what happens t life when things g bad, they als knw hw lng it takes fr ecsystems and bidiversity t recver frm these disasters, which can take far lnger than mdern humans have existed.
Palentlgists thus prvide a unique perspective n the nature and future lng-term eclgical impact f the current human-prduced bidiversity crisis, the s-called Sixth Extinctin, and therefre the imprtance f prtecting mdern bidiversity. The very cncept f a Sixth Extinctin wuld nt exist withut palentlgists dcumenting the first five.
Palentlgists knw that understanding life’s past is critical t anticipating and adapting t life’s and humanity’s future. Palentlgy is imprtant because it brings its unique and critical perspective t current challenges in climate change, bidiversity lss and the envirnment. Palentlgists can predict the future because they knw the past.
27. The first tw paragraphs are written t _______.
A. describe an eventB. raise a questin
C. present an pininD. make a cmparisn
28. What des the underlined wrd “vantage” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. A psitive effect.B. A valuable suggestin.
C. A quick decisin.D. A cmprehensive view.
29. Which f the fllwing wuld the authr agree with?
A. Eclgical recvery takes shrter than imagined.
B. Past lessns can help t predict the future threats.
C. Palentlgists can handle the bidiversity crisis.
D. Fssil studies fcus n the causes f mass extinctins.
30. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. Palentlgy: A Pineering Study
B. Palentlgy: A Histry Recrder
C. Palentlgy Tells Mre Abut Nature Than Humans
D. Palentlgy Is Far Mre Than New Fssil Discveries
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。第一段“Frzen in time, a 125-millin-year-ld mammal attacking a dinsaur. A 39-millin-year-ld whale, the heaviest animal that ever lived. The ldest knwn jellyfish, frm 505 millin years ag. Palentlgy (古生物学) prduces newswrthy discveries. (时间凝固，一只1.25亿年前的哺乳动物正在攻击一只恐龙。一头3900万年前的鲸鱼，是有史以来最重的动物。已知最古老的水母，来自5.05亿年前。古生物学产生了有新闻价值的发现)”讲述了古生物学产生了有新闻价值的古老化石发现，再结合第二段“Fssils (化石), mrever, prvide direct evidence fr the lng histry f life, allwing palentlgists t test hyptheses (假设) abut evlutin with data nly they prvide. (此外，化石为漫长的生命史提供了直接证据，使古生物学家能够用他们提供的数据来检验进化论的假设)”和“But the headlines ver exciting new fssils greatly underestimate the true imprtance f palentlgy. Its real significance lies in hw such discveries brighten the grand histry f life n Earth. (但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”可知，作者在前两段提出了一个观点——古生物学的意义不仅是化石发现，它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史。故选C项。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段“Palentlgists prvide us with a unique vantage n mdern climate change. They play an essential rle in interpreting ancient envirnments, in recnstructing ancient ceans, cntinents and climates. Fssils prvide key limitatin n the climate mdels that are essential fr predicting future climate change. And the fssil recrd gives imprtant insights int hw life will respnd t predicted future climate cnditins, because these have ccurred befre in Earth’s histry. (古生物学家为我们提供了一个了解现代气候变化的独特vantage。他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用。化石对预测未来气候变化至关重要的气候模型提供了关键的限制。化石记录为生命将如何应对预测的未来气候条件提供了重要的见解，因为这些情况在地球历史上以前就发生过)”可知，古生物学家通过对化石进行研究，获得了重要的见解，使他们在解释古代环境、重建古代海洋、大陆和气候方面发挥着重要作用，所以他们能为人类了解现代气候变化提供独特全面的视角，划线词意为“A cmprehensive view (全面的视角)”。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中“The search fr the causes f past mass extinctins started pineering studies frm acrss the scientific spectrum (科学界), fcusing n ptential future threats t humanity. (寻找过去大规模灭绝的原因开始了跨科学领域的开创性研究，重点关注未来对人类的潜在威胁)”和最后一段中“Palentlgists knw that understanding life’s past is critical t anticipating and adapting t life’s and humanity’s future. (古生物学家知道，了解生命的过去对于预测和适应生命和人类的未来至关重要)”可知，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家能得出过去的经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯。由此推知，作者同意“过去的经验教训有助于预测未来的威胁”。故选B项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段中“But the headlines ver exciting new fssils greatly underestimate the true imprtance f palentlgy. Its real significance lies in hw such discveries brighten the grand histry f life n Earth. (但是，关于令人兴奋的新化石的头条新闻大大低估了古生物学的真正重要性。它的真正意义在于这些发现如何照亮地球上生命的伟大历史)”和其它段落可知，文章讲述了古生物学远不止是新的化石发现，通过化石上表征的过去，古生物学家抽丝剥茧得出过去经验，预测危险，为未来如何避免犯过去同样的错误提供明灯，强调了古生物学研究的真正意义何在，D项“古生物学远不止是新的化石发现”符合文意，可以作为小标题。故选D项。
第Ⅱ卷（共65分）
Ⅰ.选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）
用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
31. She made a(n) _________ fr her sn t see the dctr.
32. In the car crash, the tw passengers escaped severe _________.
33. I need t keep my translatin _________ t the riginal text.
34. We must prtect the _________ animals befre they becme extinct.
35. The ability t cmmunicate _________ with peple is required fr every applicant.
36. Qian Xuesen’s _________ t his career has inspired many yung peple t cntribute t ur cuntry.
37. We received a number f _________ frm custmers abut the lack f parking facilities.
【答案】31. appintment
32. injury 33. faithful
34. endangered
35.
effectively
36.
devtin 37.
cmplaints
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：她为儿子预约了看医生的时间。动词appint (确定（时间、地点）)，结合不定冠词a(n)，用单数名词appintment (预约)作宾语。故填appintment。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：在那场车祸中，两名乘客没有受重伤。动词injure (使受伤)，用不可数名词injury (受伤)作宾语。故填injury。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我需要使我的翻译忠实于原文。名词faith (信仰)，keep+宾语+宾补，用形容词faithful (忠实)作宾补。故填faithful。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们必须在濒危动物灭绝之前保护它们。动词endanger (危及)，用形容词endangered (濒危的)作定语，修饰名词animals。故填endangered。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：每个申请人都需要具备与人有效沟通的能力。形容词effective (有效的)，用副词effectively (有效地)作状语，修饰动词cmmunicate。故填effectively。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：钱学森对事业的奉献激励了许多年轻人为国家做出贡献。动词devte (致力于、奉献)，用不可数名词devtin (奉献)作主语。故填devtin。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们收到了许多客户关于缺乏停车设施的投诉。名词或动词cmplain (抱怨)，received是及物动词，后接名词作宾语。cmplaint是可数名词，其前有a number f修饰时要用复数形式。故填cmplaints。
Ⅱ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38. My hbby is _________(cllect) stamps frm different cuntries. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】cllecting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的爱好是收集来自不同国家的邮票。根据空格前系动词is可知，后面应是表语，不定式作表语强调的是具体的、将要发生的、一次性的动作；动名词作表语强调的是抽象的、经常发生的、一般性的动作。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。动名词可以作表语，表示经常性的动作，根据句意，此处表示经常性的动作，用动名词作表语。故填cllecting。
39. I _________ (write) the bk all year and am hping t finish it sn. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been writing
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：这本书我写了一整年，希望很快写完。write是谓语动词，结合all year可知，用现在完成进行时表示“写”的动作从过去一直持续到现在可能还在继续，强调其动作的延续。故填have been writing。
40. — Can I use yur cmputer this afternn?
— Srry, I _________(take) an nline class at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will be taking
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——今天下午我能用一下你的电脑吗？——对不起，那时我在参加在线课程。take是谓语动词，结合this afternn和at that time，讲述今天下午那时正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。故填will be taking。
41. An accident ccurred this mrning. _________ (lucky), n damage was dne. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Luckily
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：今天早上发生了一起事故，幸运地，没有造成任何损坏。分析句子可知，修饰整个句子用副词作状语，故填Luckily。
42. By the time he was twelve years ld, he _________ (finish) senir high schl. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had finished
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：到他十二岁的时候，他已经完成了高中学业。finish是主句谓语动词，“by the time+过去时间，主句用过去完成时”，意为：到……为止。故填had finished。
43. _________ (help) us prepare fr the exam, the teacher asked us t review ur ntes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】T help
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师要求我们复习笔记。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语，“老师建要求我们复习笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试”，表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填T help。
44. The manager, _________ secretary asked fr a sick leave, had t d all the typing himself. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whse
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：经理的秘书请了病假，他不得不自己打字。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The manager在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词secretary，用关系代词whse。故填whse。
45. My camera didn’t wrk, s I tk it t the repair shp t get it _________ (check). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】checked
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的相机坏了，所以我把它带到修理厂去检查。check是非谓语动词，宾语it和check是逻辑被动关系，check用过去分词作宾补，构成get sth. dne (使某物/事被做)结构。故填checked。
46. Climbing, _________ entered the Olympics three years ag in Tky, will als be ne f the events in the 2024 Paris Olympics. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：三年前在东京进入奥运会的攀岩项目也将成为2024年巴黎奥运会的项目之一。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Climbing，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
47. They carried the pictures upstairs t the art rm, _________ the brushes and paint were stred. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们把画带到楼上的美术室，那里存放着画笔和颜料。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the art rm，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
Ⅲ.完成句子（共5小题；第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分）
根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48. 以前他们经常一起去爬山。(used t) (汉译英)
【答案】They ften used t g climbing tgether.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句子为一般过去时，副词ften (经常)，used t d sth. (过去常常做某事)，g climbing (爬山)，副词tgether (一起)，再结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为：They ften used t g climbing tgether.
49. 我们要赠送100本书给那所乡村学校。（give away） (汉译英)
【答案】We will give away ne hundred bks t the village schl.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和短语。根据句意可知，句子用一般将来时，主语we ，结合提示，表示“赠送”，用动词短语give away，“100本书”译为ne hundred bks，“给那所乡村学校”译为t the village schl，故翻译为We will give away ne hundred bks t the village schl.
50. 他的写作风格对年轻作者产生巨大影响。 (have an influence n) (汉译英)
【答案】His writing style has a great influence n yung writers.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和短语。根据句意可知，本句描述客观现实，用一般现在时。主语“他们的写作风格”为名词短语his writing style；主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，表示“对……有巨大影响”为has a great influence n，是固定搭配，不定冠词所连接的单词以辅音音素开头，应用a；“年轻作者”作介词n的宾语，表示为yung writers，可数名词复数表泛指。句首字母大写，故翻译为His writing style has a great influence n yung writers.
51. 专家们预测，很多种语言可能会于下个世纪消失。(die ut) (汉译英)
【答案】Experts predict that many languages may die ut within the next century.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、动词、宾语从句和情态动词。根据汉语提示，表示“专家们”用名词experts，作主句的主语；表示“预测”用动词predict，作句子的谓语；表示“很多种语言”用many languages；表示“可能”用情态动词may，其后跟动词原形；表示“消失”用短语die ut；表示“在下个世纪”用短语within the next century；分析句子可知，本句讲述的为一般性事实，所以时态用一般现在时。汉语提示的后半部分句意完整，成分齐全，且整体作句子谓语predict的宾语，所以用that连接。故翻译为：Experts predict that many languages may die ut within the next century.
52. 我们必须做好准备以适应不断变化的世界。(adapt t) (汉译英)
【答案】We will have t be prepared t adapt t the changing wrld.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和动词短语。分析句子可知，句子用一般将来时，主语we，“必须”译为have t，接动词原形，“做好准备”译为be prepared t d sth.，结合提示adapt t，表示“适应”，t是介词，接名词作宾语，“不断改变的世界”译为the changing wrld，故翻译为We will have t be prepared t adapt t the changing wrld.
Ⅳ.阅读表达（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）
阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Alle Pierce knws hw t plan a hliday. A few mnths ahead f time, she cnstructs a spreadsheet f what she wants t d and see. She examines the menus f restaurants she is planning t visit. She uses a picture f the destinatin as her phne’s lcked screen image and dwnlads a cuntdwn app. “What’s s exciting abut a trip is the anticipatin befre it,” says Pierce, funder f a luxury travel cmpany.
Experts stay she is right. Recent studies suggest that hping fr smething bsts yur md and lwers yur stress. “Imagining gd things ahead f us can increase mtivatin, ptimism and patience,” says Simn Reg, a psychlgist frm New Yrk.
Of curse we can’t just bk a flight every time we need a little cheering up r feel lw. But there are ways t incrprate the pwer f anticipatin int yur everyday life.
Get excited abut little things. Write dwn ne thing yu’re excited fr tmrrw. Maybe it’s a new bk, r a package yu’re expecting. The cllectin f these mini thrills means yu will still gain the benefits f lking frward t smething. Plus, with the nearer stuff, there’s mre f a sense that it’s ging t happen fr sure.
Remember that anxiety and anticipatin can cexist. “The dark side f psitive anticipatin is anticipatry anxiety. Anxiety and excitement are sister emtins,” says Christian Waugh, a psychlgy prfessr frm Nrth Carlina. But it is harmful nly when yu just fcus n the anxiety part and ignre the excitement part. The key is acknwledging the happy, psitive aspect f what yu are ding, alng with the nervus feelings. When yu cnsider anxius things as exciting, it actually makes yu feel better abut them.
Cnnect with yur future self. Research has shwn feeling as if yu are n a path t yur future self can have a psitive effect n yur well-being by getting yu ut f shrt-term thinking. Thinking ahead may help yu priritize yur gal and mve tward it. As yu start seeing prgress, yu will lk frward t ding the things that get yu clser t yur future self.
In shrt, t enjy life mre, embrace anticipatin. It’s wrth waiting fr.
53. What makes a trip exciting accrding t Alle Pierce?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
54. Hw des hping fr smething benefit us?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
55. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t the research, cnnecting with yur future self can have a negative effect n yur well-being.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
56. Please give an example t shw hw yu can incrprate the pwer f anticipatin int yur daily life. (In abut 40 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】53. The anticipatin befre a trip makes it exciting.
54. Hping fr smething bsts ur md and lwers ur stress.
55. Accrding t the research, cnnecting with yur future self can have a negative effect n yur well-being.
Because cnnecting with yur future self can have a psitive effect n yur well-being.
56. At night, I write dwn ne thing I’m excited fr tmrrw, which may be a new bk, r getting pastries, r a package I’m expecting. Because anticipating small and delightful experiences makes me as enjyable as expecting ne big event.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明对某事的希望能提升你的情绪，减轻你的压力，让你感觉更好、更积极。
【53题详解】
考查细节理解。由第一段中““What’s s exciting abut a trip is the anticipatin befre it,” says Pierce, funder f a luxury travel cmpany. (Pierce是一家豪华旅游公司的创始人，他说：“旅行最令人兴奋的是之前的期待。”)”可知，Alle Pierce认为旅行前的期待使旅行变得令人兴奋。故答案为：The anticipatin befre a trip makes it exciting.
【54题详解】
考查细节理解。由第二段中“Recent studies suggest that hping fr smething bsts yur md and lwers yur stress. (最近的研究表明，对某事的希望能提升你的情绪，减轻你的压力)”可知，对某事的希望能提升我们的情绪，减轻我们的压力。故答案为：Hping fr smething bsts ur md and lwers ur stress.
【55题详解】
考查细节理解。由倒数第二段中“Cnnect with yur future self. Research has shwn feeling as if yu are n a path t yur future self can have a psitive effect n yur well-being by getting yu ut f shrt-term thinking. (与未来的自己建立联系。研究表明，感觉自己正走在通往未来自我的道路上，可以让你摆脱短期思维，从而对你的幸福感产生积极影响)”可知，根据这项研究，因为与未来的自己建立联系会对你的幸福感产生“积极”影响，所以“negative”是错误的。故答案为：Accrding t the research, cnnecting with yur future self can have a negative effect n yur well-being. Because cnnecting with yur future self can have a psitive effect n yur well-being.
【56题详解】
考查开放答题。考生可结合自身实际，谈谈自身如何将期待的力量融入日常生活，例如：晚上，我写下明天我很兴奋的一件事，那可能是一本新书，或者是买糕点，或者是我期待的一个包裹。因为期待小而愉快的经历让我像期待一场大活动一样愉快。故答案为：At night, I write dwn ne thing I’m excited fr tmrrw, which may be a new bk, r getting pastries, r a package I’m expecting. Because anticipating small and delightful experiences makes me as enjyable as expecting ne big event.
Ⅴ.书面表达(20分)
57. 假设你是红星中学高二(1)班班长李华。你打算邀请外教Jim为你们班做一次关于英语听说的讲座。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 建议讲座的具体内容及其原因；
2. 讲座时间和其他相关事项。
注意：
1. 词数不少于80；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
Hw’s everything? I’m writing t invite yu t give us an nline lecture n ral English expressin.
Our classmates seem t be weak in prnunciatin. Wuld yu please give us sme suggestins n hw t rganize language, hw t speak ut ur ideas, and hw t cmmunicate with thers?
The talk will last abut an hur, and yu can decide n a date at yur cnvenience. Please let me knw which platfrm yu’ll use. It wuld be great if we culd have a 10-minute questin and answer sessin at the end f yur lecture.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给外教Mr. Jensn写封邮件，邀请他为班里做关于英语口语表达的线上讲座。
【详解】1.词汇积累
讲座：lecture→seminar
建议：suggestin→advice
决定：decide→determine
不擅长：be weak in→be bad at
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our classmates seem t be weak in prnunciatin.
拓展句：It seems that ur classmates are weak in prnunciatin.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Please let me knw which platfrm yu’ll use. (由which引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] It wuld be great if we culd have a 10-minute questin and answer sessin at the end f yur talk. (由if引导的条件状语从句)
听力1-5ACABC 6-10ABBCC 11. Accept 12. laugh 13. break 14. seriusly 15. mviesHw t Have a Sense f Humr
11 yurself
■Have a light-hearted attitude abut yurself
■Learn t 12 at yurself.
Give thers a 13
■Be frgiving and fcus n psitives
■Try nt t take thers t 14
Watch and learn
■Observe ther peple
■Watch 15 with varied humr
devte appint endanger effective injure faith cmplain