高中英语上外版 (2020)选择性必修第二册Further Exploration优秀单元测试达标测试

这是一份高中英语上外版 (2020)选择性必修第二册Further Exploration优秀单元测试达标测试，共18页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四，概要写作，汉译英，写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Wrst man extinctins may have been caused by rising muntains
The birth f a muntain range in (1)________ is nw Suth Africa may have helped t drive ne f the mst severe mass extinctins in Earth’s histry.
The Permian extinctin (2)____________(strike) abut 252 millin years ag. It is traditinally thught (3)__________(wipe) ut at least 80 percent f species in the sea and n land.
But we have discvered that anther mass extinctin happened nt lng befre, with mst f the land extinctins happening during the (4)__________(early) perid, rughly 260 millin years ag at the end f the Capitanian Age by leaving ecsystems depleted f species, (5)__________(make) them vulnerable t disruptins frm the vlcanic eruptins.
The extinctin n land was huge, says Spencer Lucas at the New Mexic museum f Natural Histry. The team he led studied the fssilized teeth f DiictdnFelikeys, (6)__________ plant-eating, mammal-like reptile that was cmmn at that time. But there was n sign (7)__________ temperatures rse during that perid. The team was puzzled (8)________ they realized the fssils (9)__________(date) back t that perid belnged t Suth Africa’s Cape Fld muntains, which may nce have been as the Himalayas are tday.
The muntains culd have stpped misture (10)__________ the sea reaching Pangaea’s interir, thus leading t drying and ultimately die-ffs --- withut a crrespnding increase in temperature.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there’s ne wrd mre than yu need.
Natinal gvernments neglecting develpment needs f cities
Natinal gvernments arund the wrld are neglecting the needs f their majr cities with nn-existent r inadequate develpment plicies, a new reprt has fund.
Natinal gvernments are key t making cities mre sustainable, because cities are limited distinctly in the plicy measures they can take fr themselves, the reprt pints ut. Hwever, nly a quarter f the wrld’s gvernments have urban develpment plicies at all, and mst f thse that d exist are far frm (11)________ t make cities sustainable.
The reprt lks at the key measures f energy prductin, transprt, waste (12)________ and infrastructure(基础设施). Fr instance, putting in adequate public transprt can transfrm the lives f citizens and the carbn ftprint f the cities they live in. Encuraging the use f electric vehicles abve petrl-driven cars can als have a(n) (13)________ effect, nt just n greenhuse gas emissins but als n remving sme f the key causes f air pllutin.
The reprt, frm the Stckhlm Envirnment Institute and the Calitin fr Urban Transitins and funded by Blmberg Philanthrpies, suggests natinal gvernments have (14)________ the needs f their majr cities even when they have in place natinal plicies n issues such as climate change and greenhuse gas emissins. Derik Brekhff f the Stckhlm Envirnment Institute, the lead authr f the study, said, “Nw is the time fr natinal gvernments t put cities at the heart f their natinal develpment (15)________. Cuntries must cnsider what plicies need t be (16)________ in rder t ensure their cuntries and cities are prepared fr the unprecedented (17)________ and climate challenges the wrld is facing.”
Cities arund the wrld are facing rapid ppulatin grwth, and are likely t be amng the areas (18)________ by dramatic climate change, in part because many are at risk f rising sea levels, flds and drughts. Fr mst f human histry, the (19)________ ppulatin was greater than thse f cities, and it is nly in just ver the last decade that this balance has (20)________, with mst f the wrld’s ppulatins nw living in urban centres, a trend that is expected t speed up even further.
三、完形填空
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Everyne knws that taxatin is necessary in a mdem state: withut it, it wuld nt be pssible t pay the sldiers and plicemen wh prtect us; (21)_______the wrkers in gvernment ffices wh (22) ________ ur health, ur fd, ur water, and all the ther things that we cannt d fr urselves. (23)________taxatin, we pay fr things that we need just as much as we need smewhere t live and smething t eat.
(24)________everyne knws that taxatin is necessary, different peple have different ideas abut (25)________taxatin shuld be arranged.
In mst cuntries, a direct tax n (26)_______, which is called incme tax, exists. It is arranged in such a (27)________that the prest peple pay nthing, and the percentage f tax grws (28)________as the taxpayer's incme grws. In sme cuntries, fr example, the tax n the richest peple ges up as high as ninety-five per cent!
And cuntries with taxatin nearly (29)_______ have indirect taxatin, t. Many things imprted int the cuntry have t pay taxes r “duties”. Of curse, it is the men and wmen wh buy these imprted things in the shps (30)________really have t pay the duties, in the (31)_______f higher prices. In sme cuntries, (32)______, there is a tax n things sld in the shps. If the mst necessary things are taxed, a lt f mney is (33)_________but the pr peple suffer mst. If unnecessary things (34)________jewels and fur cats are taxed, less mney is btained but the tax is (35)________as the rich pay it.
Prbably this last kind f indirect tax, tgether with a direct tax n incmes which is lw fr
the pr and high fr the rich, is the best arrangement.
() 21.A. nrB. neitherC．neverD. nt
() 22.A．lk intB．lk verC．lk afterD．lk thrugh
() 23.A．In accrdance with B. By means fC. With reference tD．On accunt f
() 24.A．IfB．WhenC．ThughD．As
() 25.A．whenB．hwC．whyD．which
() 26.A．persnsB．sectrsC．cmmunitiesD．classes
() 27.A．frmB．wayC．measureD．methd
() 28.A．quickerB．speedierC．mreD．larger
() 29.A．peridicallyB．almstC．ftenD．always
() 30.A．whichB．whC．whatD．whm
() 31.A．mannerB．frmC．meansD．way
() 32.A．eitherB．alsC．tD．ften
() 33.A．lentB．savedC．brrwedD．cllected
() 34.A．alikeB．likeC．asD．fr
() 35.A．heavierB．fairerC．finerD．Better
四、阅读理解
(A)
Sciété Cartier designs, manufactures, distributes and sells jewellery and watches. Funded in Paris, France in 1847 by Luis-Françis Cartier, the cmpany remained under family cntrl until 1964. The cmpany maintains its headquarters in Paris and is nw a whlly wned subsidiary f the Cmpagnie Financière Richemnt SA.
Cartier is well knwn fr its jewellery and wrist watches, including the “Bestiary” (best illustrated by the Panthère brch f the 1940s created fr Wallis Simpsn), the diamnd necklace created fr Bhupinder Singh the Maharaja f Patiala and the first practical wristwatch, the “Sants,” f 1904.
Cartier has a lng histry f sales t ryalty and celebrities. King Edward VII f England referred t Cartier as "the jeweler f kings and the king f jewelers." Fr his crnatin in 1902, Edward VII rdered 27 tiaras and issued a ryal warrant t Cartier in 1904. Similar warrants sn fllwed frm the curts f Spain, Prtugal, Russia, Siam, Greece, Serbia, Belgium, Rmania, Egypt, Albania, Mnac, and the Huse f Orleans.
In 1986, the French Ministry fr Culture appinted Perrin head f the “Missin sur le mecenatd’entreprise” (a cmmissin t study business patrnage f the arts). Tw years later, Cartier acquired a majrity hlding in Piaget and Baume & Mercier. In 1990 the Musee du Petit Palais staged the first majr exhibitin f the Cartier cllectin, “l’Art de Cartier”.
Perrin funded an internatinal cmmittee in 1991, Cmite Internatinal de la Haute Hrlgerie, t rganise its first saln, held n 15 April 1991. This has becme an annual meeting place in Geneva fr prfessinals. The next year, the secnd great exhibitin f “l’Art de Cartier” was held at the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg. In 1993, the “Vendme Luxury Grup” was frmed as an umbrella cmpany t cmbine Cartier, Alfred Dunhill, Mntblanc, Piaget, Baume & Mercier, Karl Lagerfeld, Chlé, Sulka, Hackett, Seeger.
In 1995, a majr exhibitin f the Cartier Antique Cllectin was held in Asia. The next year, the Lausanne Hermitage Fundatin in Switzerland hsted the exhibitin "Splendurs f the Jewellery", presenting a hundred and fifty years f prducts by Cartier. As f 2012, Cartier is wned, thrugh Richemnt, by the Suth African Rupert family and 24-year-ld wh is the granddaughter f Pierre Cartier, Elle Pagels.
() 36. Which ne f the fllwing features distinguishes Cartier frm ther rdinary brands?
A. It is well knwn fr its jewelry, wrist watches and wearable prducts.
B. It began t sell prducts t ryalty and celebrities years ag.
C. Cartier became a member f the “Vendme Luxury Grup” in 1991.
D. Cartier received warrant mainly frm Asian cuntries.
() 37. Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A. Cartier has a histry f mre than 400 years.
B. Cartier has always been under family cntrl and it designs, manufactures, distributes
and sells jewellery and watches.
C. The Musee du Petit Palais staged the first majr exhibitin f the Cartier cllectin fur
years after Perrin was appinted head f the "Missin sur le mecenatd'entreprise".
D. The exhibitin "Splendurs f the Jewellery" presented prducts frm Chlé, Sulka and
Hackett.
() 38. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the passage?
A. Cartier, a lcal Paris brand.
B. Cartier, a brand standing the test f time.
C. Cartier, a brand with mdern technlgy.
D. Cartier, a shining star in exhibitins.
(B)
I went climbing with a millennial(千禧一代). She is yunger, fitter, braver and mre energetic. I am gd at getting discuraged, having a rest and giving advice frm the sidelines. She will cling(附着于) n t a wall like a small mnkey trying t escape certain death, while I will get near the tp, realize hw high that is and lse my nerve. Tgether we culd make an impressive team, me at the bttm f the wall, ging, “That’s great, try using yur feet ne by ne. Oh... What did yu d that fr?” And her ging, “Shall we try that again s we’ve actually dne it? D yu think we shuld have warmed up first?”
Climbing muscles, being the same as regular muscles, are use-it-r-lse-it. I climbed mre ften befre I did the crazy running activity and used t think f the green runs at my lcal centre as being fr children, r fr a warm-up. Nw I find them extremely hard, and the purple is my tp-f-the-tree, when in fact they are bth fr beginners, really. I suspect the millennial f aviding the blue-with-red-spts just s as t nt shw me up.
It wasn't her first time climbing, but she wasn't registered at the centre, s she had t g thrugh a prcess that sunds threatening: watching a vide and answering questins n it (the answers are always "I am respnsible fr my wn safety in the centre" and "Hlds may spin"). In an lder persn --- me, fr instance --- any activity that starts with a reflectin n yur wn death is a little lw-energy, whereas she seemed quite excited by it.
We bth laughed at each ther's clthing: she accused me f having a pink T-shirt which seemed t lvely fr me, while she was dressed t be a laburer. The mral is that yu can basically wear anything while yu climb. It's nt like running, where the ill-dressed are chased frm the area by a thusand eyes.
() 39. We learn frm Paragraph 1 that the authr and the millennial ________.
A. knw each ther very well
B. try t learn hw t escape death
C. frm a sharp cntrast
D. make a team that beats thers
() 40. By "climbing muscles, being the same as ther muscles, are use-it-r-lse-it" the authr means ________.
A. climbing des gd t muscles
B. climbing needs practising regularly
C. climbing muscles are as useful as ther muscles
D. climbing muscles wn't be lst even if nt used
() 41. The questins the millennial was required t answer were aimed t ________.
A. let the climbers realize the climbing might be dangerus
B. give the climbers anther apprach t thinking f death
C. warn the climbers against lss f energy in the prcess
D. remind the climbers f the imprtance f registratin
() 42. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements is true?
A. Climbers need t wear special clthes.
B. Ill-dressed runners stand ut imprperly.
C. Climbers need t get a certificate befre climbing.
D. The authr and the millennial like making fun f thers.
(C)
Whenever yu see an ld film, even ne made as little as ten years ag, yu cannt help being struck by the appearance f the wmen taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up lk dated; their skirts lk either t lng r t shrt; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrus and seems t suggest that they belng t an entirely different age.
This illusin is created by changing fashins. Over the year, the great majrity f men have successfully resisted all attempts t make them change their style f dress. The same cannt be said fr wmen. Each year a few s-called tp designers in Paris r Lndn lay dwn the law and wmen all ver the wrld rush t bey. The decrees f the designers are unpredictable and dictatrial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashin, skirts will be shrt and waists will be high; zips are in and buttns are ut. Next year the law is reversed and far frm taking exceptin, n ne is even mildly surprised.
If wmen are mercilessly explited year after year, they have nly themselves t blame. Because they shudder at the thught f being seen in public in clthes that are ut f fashin, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stres. Clthes, which have been wrn nly a few times, have t be discarded because f the dictates f fashin. When yu cme t think f it, nly a wmen is capable f standing in frnt f a wardrbe packed full f clthes and annuncing sadly that she has nthing t wear.
Changing fashins are nthing mre than the deliberate creatin f waste. Many wmen squander vast sums f mney each year t replace clthes that have hardly been wrn. Wmen, wh cannt affrd t discard clthing in this way, waste hurs f their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up r let dwn; waist-lines are taken in r let ut; neck-lines are lwered r raised, and s n.
N ne can claim that the fashin industry cntributes anything really imprtant t sciety. Fashin designers are rarely cncerned with vital things like warmth, cmfrt and durability. They take advantage f the fact that wmen will put up with any amunt f discmfrt, prviding they lk right. There can hardly be a man wh hasn’t at sme time in his life smiled at the sight f a wman shivering in a flimsy dress n a wintry day, r delicately picking her way thrugh deep snw in dainty shes.
The fashin frenzy f wmen is s bvius that ne may even wnder—d cnstantly changing fashins f wmen’s clthes, t sme extent, reflect basic qualities f fickleness and instability? That is fr yu t decide.
() 43. What des “ludicrus” mean in Paragraph One?
A. fashinable B. glamrus C. absurd D. charming
() 44. Why are wmen mercilessly explited by the fashin designers?
A. They lve new fashin. B. They lve new clthes.
C. They want t lk beautiful. D. They are t vain.
() 45. What are fashin designers interested in?
A. Outward appearance. B. Cmfrt.C. Individuality. D. Durability.
() 46. The main idea f this passage is ___________.
A. The cnstant changes in fashin reflect the qualities f wmen.
B. New fashins in clthing are created slely fr cmmercial explitatin f wmen.
C. The tp designers seem t have the right t dictate the latest trend in fashin.
D. Cmpared with wmen, men have the basic quality f reliability.
五、六选四
Directins: Read the fllwing passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
The first burger it made, in 2013, cst arund $300,000.
B. It launched its plant-based burger in a number f restaurants in America last year.
C. Per edible gram, insects need nly a twelfth f the fd that cattle require.
D. The prblem is marketing.
E. Plant-based "meat" prducts have made it nt menus and supermarket shelves.
F. Sme cnsumers, particularly in the rich West, get this.
Where is the Beef
Mst peple like t eat meat. As they grw richer they eat mre f it. Fr individuals, that is
gd. Meat is nutritius. In particular, it packs much mre prtein per kilgram than plants d. Hwever, animals have t eat plants t put n weight-s much s that feeding them accunts fr abut a third f harvested grain. Farm animals cnsume 8 per cent f the wrld’s water supply, and they prduce arund 15 per cent f unnatural greenhuse-gas emissins. Mre farm animals then, culd mean mre envirnmental truble.
____47___ That as created a business pprtunity. Thugh unwilling t adpt a vegetarian apprach t diet, these peple are keen n fd that lks and tastes as if it came frm farm animals,but didn’t.
The simplest way t satisfy this demand is t cncentrate n substitutes fr familiar prducts.
"Meat" made directly frm plants, rather than indirectly, via an animal’s metablism, is already n
sale fr the table and barbecue. Impssible Fds, a Califrnian firm, has decnstructed hamburgers, t wrk ut what gives them their texture (质感) and flavur, and then either fund r grwn btanical equivalents t these. ____48____
Fr thse wh really want t eat steak while saving the planet, a secnd apprach maybe mre
prmising. That is "clean" meat made by taking animal cells and grwing them in a factry t frm strips f muscle. Steak is nt yet n the menu, but burgers and meatballs may sn be. The field leader is Msa Meat, a Dutch firm staffed by scientists. ____49____By 2020, it hpes, the price f making them will have cme dwn t abut $US 11 each.
There is ne mre nvel surce f meaty prtein that des nt invlve farm animals -at least,
farm animals f the cnventinal srt. This is insects. Lcusts (蝗虫) , fr example, are abut 70
per cent prtein. Insects d have t be fed, but being cld-blded, they cnvert mre fd int bdy mass than warm-blded mammals d and, being bneless, mre f that bdy-mass is edible.
__50___ Abut 2 billin peple eat insects already, but it seems few f us are willing t try.
Changing that culd be a hard sell. Grind (碾碎) the bugs up and use them as ingredients, thugh, and yur custmers might find them mre acceptable. Hargl FdTech, an Israeli startup, plans t d just that. Lcustburgers, anybdy?
六、概要写作
Directins：Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint（s）f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
In the United States alne, ver 100 millin cell-phnes are thrwn away each year. Cell-phnes are part f a grwing muntain f electrnic waste like cmputers and persnal digital assistants. The electrnic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditinal garbage as a whle.
Electrnic devices cntain valuable metals such as gld and silver. A Swiss study reprted that while the weight f electrnic gds represented by precius metals was relatively small in cmparisn t ttal waste, the cncentratin(含量) f gld and ther precius metals was higher in s-called e-waste than in naturally ccurring minerals.
Electrnic wastes als cntain many pisnus metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals remved, the recycling prcess ften is carried ut in pr cuntries, in practically uncntrlled ways which allw many pisnus substances t escape int the envirnment.
Creating prducts ut f raw materials creates much mre waste material, up t 100 times mre, than the material cntained in the finished prducts. Cnsider again the cell-phne, and imagine the mines that prduced thse metals, the factries needed t make the bx and packaging it came in. Many wastes prduced in the prducing prcess are harmful as well.
The U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency ntes that mst waste is dangerus in that “the prductin, distributin, and use f prducts — as well as management f the resulting waste --- all result in greenhuse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their cntributin by creating less waste at the start --- fr instance, buying reusable prducts and recycling.
In many cuntries the cncept f extended prducer respnsibility is being cnsidered r has been put in place as an incentive fr reducing waste. If prducers are required t take back packaging they use t sell their prducts, wuld they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Gvernments’ incentive t require prducers t take respnsibility fr the packaging they prduce is usually based n mney. Why, they ask, shuld cities r twns be respnsible fr paying t deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased yur televisin?
Frm the gvernments’ pint f view, a primary gal f laws requiring extended prducer respnsibility is t transfer bth the csts and the physical respnsibility f waste management frm the gvernment and tax-payers back t the prducers.
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七、汉译英（整句）
52. 如今在飞机上人们也可以很容易地上网。(access)
_________________________________________________________________________
53. 穿校服是否真正有助于减少同伴间压力及提高学生的学业水平拭目以待。（remain）
_________________________________________________________________________
54. 据我所知，面对许多观众演讲时，你越紧张，对自己就越没信心。（the mre…the mre）
_________________________________________________________________________
八、写作
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
现在的年轻人热衷于过诸如“愚人节”和“圣诞节”之类的西方节日，由此引发了人们的热议和思考。请根据以上信息写一篇短文。短文必须包括以下内容:
1．简述青年热衷于过西方节日的现象；
2．分析其影响并谈谈你的看法。
55. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【导语】
这篇文章的内容和高中生活比较遥远，事一篇关于考古的科普性文章。讲述了对于几百万年前，对于一些早已灭绝的动物，地壳板块运动等情况的科学性推测与探讨。
【答案】 1.what 2.struck 3.t have wiped 4.earlier 5.making
6.a 7.that 8.until 9.dating 10.frm
【分析】
考连词。首先判断该句是宾语从句，因为从句缺主语，所以填what。
考动词。首先判断该空填谓语动词，因为后面有时间标志ag，所以填struck。
考动词。首先固定搭配be thught t d（被认为做），又动作已经发生，所以填t have wiped。
考形容词。根据句义：大多数陆地上的灭绝活动发生在早期，所以填earlier。
考动词。介词by引导的并列动词，所以填making。
考冠词。该句是DiictdnFelikeys的同位语，一种食草的哺乳类爬行动物，所以填a。
考连词。首先判断该句是同位语从句，从句不缺主要成分，所以填that。
考连词。根据句义：这个团队感到很困惑，直到他们意识到这些化石来自南非的折角山，这里可能曾经是喜马拉雅山脉。所以填until。
考动词。该空是非谓语，跟逻辑主语fssils是主动关系，所以填dating。date back t：追溯到
考介词。根据句义：山脉可能阻止了来自海洋的水气到达Pangaea内部，所以填frm。
【导语】
各个国家对于自己的城市建设各有不同，据报道和研究，绝大多数的国家居然在城市可持续建设方面没有任何的计划与法案。那么长此以往，它们的城市在基础建设，极端环境应对，人口急速增长等方面的处理能力将出现问题。
【答案】H B I C G A J K E F
【分析】
根据词组far frm + adj (远远不……的)可知，这里需要一个形容词，根据句意是“这些政策是远远不充分的”，所以填H，sufficient意思是充分的，充足的。
根据句意是关于能源生产，交通和废物……的一些措施，所以应该填名词B, 意思是废物管理。
根据词性搭配，可知需要一个形容词，表示有一个……的影响，再根据句意，可知是产生巨大的影响，选I。
根据词性搭配，可知这里是have dne的形式，这句话的意思是“政府……了大城市的需求”，再联系文章标题，可知是忽视了他们的需求，所以填C，verlk忽视。
根据句意是“政府应该把城市放在他们国家发展……的核心”，所以这里需要一个名词和发展搭配，即strategies,翻译为 “策略”。
根据need t be,可知此处填dne的形式，句意是“国家应考虑什么样的政策应该被……” 所以这里填delivered本意是“传达”。
根据句意是“为空前的……做好准备”，可知需要一个名词，填urbanizatin，城市化。
根据句意是 “城市是最糟糕的地方之一”，所以填wrst。
根据句意“在人类历史上，……的人口比城市人口多”，可知应该填E，乡村的。
根据词性搭配have dne可知这里v-ed 形式，据句意可知是“这个平衡转变了”。
【导语】
每个国家的税收都来自于方方面面。有工资所得税，贩卖销售等的营业税，旅游时游客的消费税等等。如果没有税收或者各个渠道的收税，那么国家机器将无法正常运行，比如公职人员，警察局等机构将无法开展工作，因此税收，特别是合理的收税方式以及比例对于国家的未来和发展非常重要。
【答案】Keys: 21-25：ACBCB 26-30：ABDDB 31-35：BBDBA
【分析】
21.考查否定词。 政府工作人员也不能照顾我们的健康……
22.考查动词短语。 lk int 调查研究 lk ver 复习 lk after 照顾照料 lk thrugh 仔细检查
23.考查介词短语。 in accrdance with 与…一致 by means f 通过…方式 with reference t 关于 n accunt f 由于，因为
24.考查连词。 if 如果 when 当…时候 thugh 尽管 as 当；因为 尽管每个人都知道税的必要性
25.考查连词。 不同的人对于税如何管理有不同的想法
26.考查名词。 persn 个人 sectr 部门 cmmunity 社区 class 等级 个人所得税
27.考查名词。 frm 方式 way 方法 measure 措施 methd 方法in a way 固定搭配
28.考查副词。 quick 快 speedy 速度 mre 更多 large 更大 比例更大
29.考查副词。 peridically 周期性地 almst 几乎 ften 经常 always 总是 有税收的国家几乎总是有间接课税
30.考查代词。 wh 指代 men and wmen
31.考查名词。 manner 方式方法 frm 形式 means 方式 way 方法 in the frm f 用…的形式
32.考查副词。 either 否定的也 als 肯定的也放在句中 t 肯定的也放在句尾 ften 经常
33.考查动词。 lent 借给 save 节省；解救 brrw 从…借 cllect 收集
34.考查介词。 like 比如后面接名词 alike 是形容词和副词 as 后面接句子
35.考查形容词。 heavier 更严重 fairer更公平 finer 更好 better 更好 税更严重
【导语】
卡地亚作为一个经典的奢侈品品牌，具有自己的文化，历史和传承。本文与高中生的生活略有距离，是让他们对这一品牌有所了解的说明性文章。
【答案】66. B 67. C 68.B
【分析】
36 . 细节理解题。从第三段第一句我们可以看出区别特征，故选B。
37 . 细节理解题。从第四段第一句和最后一句综合起来看可推出，故选C。
38 . 综合概述题。我们从文章中可以知道整篇文章主要讲的Cartier这个品牌的历史，是经得住时间的检验的，故选B。
【导语】
作为一名登山爱好者，作者和千禧的一代，即2000年或之后出生的年轻人一起登山攀岩。因为出生时代，环境和教育等方方面面的天差地别，这位年轻人和作者之间是截然不同的，形成了显而易见的反差。随后，作者在文章中表述了若干登山过程中的事件经过以及知识经验。
【答案】CBAB
【分析】
根据第一段内容She is yunger, fitter, braver and mre energetic. I am gd at getting discuraged, having a rest and giving advice frm the sidelines. She will cling(附着于) n t a wall like a small mnkey trying t escape certain death, while I will get near the tp, realize hw high that is and lse my nerve.，可知作者在和千禧年一代人形成了强烈的对比。故选C。
根据第二段内容I climbed mre ften befre I did the crazy running activity and used t think f the green runs at my lcal centre as being fr children, r fr a warm-up. Nw I find them extremely hard, and the purple is my tp-f-the-tree, when in fact they are bth fr beginners, really.可知锻炼需要长期进行，不用则废。故选B。
根据第三段内容s she had t g thrugh a prcess that sunds threatening: watching a vide and answering questins n it (the answers are always "I am respnsible fr my wn safety in the centre" and "Hlds may spin"). In an lder persn --- me, fr instance --- any activity that starts with a reflectin n yur wn death is a little lw-energy可知询问问题是为了令登山者意识到登山的危险性。
根据最后一段内容 It's nt like running, where the ill-dressed are chased frm the area by a thusand eyes.可知穿着不好的运动员会引起不恰当的注意。故选B。
【导语】
时尚对于女性来说是一个动词，她们往往都会面对着满柜的衣服在抱怨自己没有合适的衣服穿。而对于男性来说，时尚的要求则没有那么明显。从电影和身边的事物和人我们都可以有所感知到时尚的变化，或者这是人类内心躁动和不稳定的一种体现。
【答案】43. C 44. D 45.A 46.B
【分析】
43. 细节理解题。根据句意理解，把选项带进去看只有C合理，故选C。
44. 细节理解题。他们太好虚荣。这在文章的好几段内都提到。如第二段，三段，四段。如第三段后半部分“只穿了几次的衣服就因为时尚的命令而弃之一边。当你想到只有妇女能站在堆满衣服的衣柜前，悲哀地诉说她没有衣服穿。”第四段的后半段“花不起大笔钱财买衣服的妇女会花上好几个小时把他们已有的衣服换来换去”。第五段后半部分“男人一生中经常可以看到大冬天妇女颤抖在薄薄的衣衫中，或者穿着精致的鞋在雪地上选路走，这都令他们发笑”。最后一段结论，画龙点睛地以问点明“经常不断地换时装。人们不禁要问，这是不是反映了妇女轻浮和易变的基本素质 ”，故选D。
45. 细节理解题。从第五段第2-3句可看出时尚设计师的关注点只是外在，故选A。
46. 细节理解题。整篇文章主要在讲女人追求服装的时尚，也可用选项倒推法排出，故选B。
【导语】
很多人都食无肉不欢的，但是畜牧业所养殖的牛群羊群等动物所产生的环境危害与污染巨大。于是，研究所和食品生产商开始尝试各种的奇思妙想，利用各种不同的方式来产出替代的肉类产品，如果未来的某一天，你发现自己正在吃的牛排是用昆虫提炼做成的，还会觉得一样美味吗？
【答案】 FBAC
47. F 从后文中可知unwilling t 的主语和后面的these peple 指代选项F中的sme cnsumers, 所以答案选F。
48. B 前文 “The simplest way t satisfy this demand is t cncentrate n substitutes fr familiar prducts.” 与选项中pant-based burger相照应， 且前文中 “ then either fund r grwn btanical equivalents t these.”这里的these指hamburger, 所以equivalents 指代选项中的pant-based burger。故选B.
49. 从后文 “By 2020, it hpes, the price f making them will have cme dwn t abut $US 11
each”可知本段在说汉堡的价钱， 与选项A “The first burger it made, in 2013, cst arund
$300,000.” 对应。故选A。
50. D从后文 “... but it seems few f us are willing t try. Changing that culd be a hard sell. ” 可知选D.
【导语】
如今手机成为了日常必备的工具之一。不仅如此，很多年轻人换手机的频率也是比较高的，于是，手机回收或者丢弃后的降解等问题随之而来。我们需要思考并采取各种各样的方式来解决手机，电视机等电子设备的废物利用和回收，处理等问题。
51.
Electrnic wastes, frm abandned electrnic devices, cntain precius metals called e-waste. Meanwhile, harmful metals in the wastes will cause envirnmental pllutin in the recycling prcess. T prevent frm greenhuse gas release, less waste shuld be made and mre prducer bligatin shuld be taken. The gvernment hpes t transfer the expenses and actual duty t the prducers based n mney.
【分析】
summary要做到读写结合（writing based n reading）, 读是第一步：要注意文体、写作目的及要点，写要注意涵盖主要信息（不填不漏），尽量用自己的语言。
【解析】
52. Nwadays peple (can) als have easy access t the Internet n a/the plane.
【分析】 考查access后接t的用法。
53. Whether wearing schl unifrms really helps t reduce peer pressure and raise the academic level f the students remains t be seen.
【分析】 考查whether引导的主语从句以及动词remain的用法，成语拭目以待的翻译用作被动。
As far as I knw, when making a speech in the presence f /in frnt f a large audience, the mre nervus yu are/feel, the less cnfident yu will be.
【分析】 考查比较级句型的用法，前半句一般现在时，后半句将来时。
55. 参考范文
Many yung peple in China tday prefer Western hlidays t traditinal Chinese festivals. Christmas is nw celebrated by the yunger generatin all ver China,and it has becme especially ppular as a rmantic hliday fr byfriends and girlfriends r yung married cuples. Valentine’s Day is als extremely ppular, and even Hallween is being celebrated nw.
This phenmenn has actually develped quite naturally in recent decades due t ur educatinal system’s fcus n English study and therefre n English-speaking cultures. T many students, Western culture has becme a symbl f self-expressin and freedm frm restraint. Celebrating Western hlidays has becme a way fr students t express their lve f smething different frm traditinal Chinese culture, and t have fun tgether with their wn generatin.
In my pinin, it’s fine fr students learning English and studying English-speaking cultures t celebrate Western hlidays with their teachers and classmates. Hwever, the way I see it, unless the yung peple later g abrad t live in thse cultures, there is n reasn fr them t cntinue t celebrate them. We Chinese shuld hld n t ur traditinal festivals, the festivals which we have celebrated fr centuries.
A. delivered
B. management
C. verlked
D. prducts
E. rural
F. shifted
G. strategies
H. sufficient
I. tremendus
J. urbanizatin
K. wrst