上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit 2 Art and Artist 单元语法课件（不定式做定状补）

这是一份上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit 2 Art and Artist 单元语法课件（不定式做定状补），共37页。

Unit 2 Art and Artist 必修三 上外版语法精讲动词不定式infinitives不定式做定语、状语、补语不定式:是一种非谓语动词。1.非谓语动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。不定式的定义:不定式的形式:一.基本形式： to+动词原形 二.其否定形式是:“not/never to do”/not do.三.不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing------------------判断下列不定式在句中作何成分1. It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day.2. To see is to believe.3. His wish is to be a doctor.4. I want to do it myself.5. We found it difficult to work with him.6. He always has a lot of meetings to attend.7. He is looking for a room to live in.8. I study hard to serve the people well.9. In order not to be late she took a bus.I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______ (catch). 我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。不定式作定语to catch考点一：不定式与其所修饰的词之间常是动宾关系He is always the first _________ at the school and the last to leave the school.　他总是第一个(人)到校，最后一个(人)离校。 考点二：序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。to arrive不定式作定语The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.　表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。(湖南卷)考点三：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。to express不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。e.g. We have a lot of homework to do .如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.e.g. He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.something, anything, nothing…+adj.+ to doe.g. I have something interesting to tell you.不定式作定语:I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about. (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.(常常表示将来的动作)不定式做定语不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g. Do you have anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ Do you have anything to be sent ? 你有什么东西要被寄吗？1.Do you have anything more_______ ﹙要说﹚?2.She has a lot of work _______﹙做﹚ every day .3. The old man has a house _________ ﹙住﹚.4. She is a nice person__________ ﹙共事﹚ .to say to doto live into work withPracticeRainbow expects you to have a bright future.考点一：跟“不定式”作宾语补足语的动词／动词短语allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on, require, forbid, advise, recommend,, permit, 等 sb to do sthe.g. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _________ (speak) to the new students. 不定式作宾补:to speakrequire, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + sb. +to do sth.(接动词的不定式作宾补)但如果直接用动词作宾语时，还是用to do吗？require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + doing sth.(接动名词作宾语)I advise you to have a rest.I advise having a rest.不定式作宾补难点:五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: 被动语态不省to） 不定式作宾补难点:The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等不定式作宾补难点:e.g. I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).注意1> help 后面的“to”可省去e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.2> see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动 语态不省to）1.John was made the car for a week as a punishment A.to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing2.The patient was warned food after the operation. A.to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating3.Internet bars mustn’t let anybody bad things , especially children. A. watch B.to watch C. watching D. watchesPracticeACA不定式作状语___________(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.　为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。To enjoy考点一：作目的状语。可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。不定式作状语Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ (find) his plane high up in the sky. 　汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。to find考点二：作结果状语。常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能做……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等不定式作状语The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ________(see) anything that happened to be on. to see考点三：作原因状语。常与表示喜怒哀乐、运气好坏的形容词(happy, ashamed, sorry, glad, delighted, angry, discouraged, shocked...)连用1.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.5.He is the man to see you.6.I’m glad to see you.7.I went to see you.8.He went so early as to see you9. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）和疑问词连用Summary命题热点题型研通 (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made ___________ his teaching because of poor health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _____________ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned ____________ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants________________________ once more.5.I meant _____________ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told __________(improve) my English grammar, I watched some videos made by Rainbow. I wanted ________(make) sure that my grammar was as good as it could be. Rainbow helped me ____________ (understand) some complex grammatical points. It is impossible _________(know) everything in a short time, but I improved a lot, and I would really like _________(thank) her for what she did. ________ (help) me like this was very kind.To improveto make(to) understandto knowto thankTo help1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。__________________ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _________________3据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said __________________________.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported ____________________To love and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike ___________________________.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _____________________________.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known __________________ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given Complete some sentences:1、_________________________________(为了提高英语成绩), Tom goes to the English corner every day. 2、I was__________________________(太累了，难于入睡。) 3、She ran fast _______________________(为了赶上早班车).4、He is____________________________(富有得可以买辆小汽车).In order to improve his English too tired to fall asleep.to catch the first bus rich enough to buy a car.谢谢观看