上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit1.Road to Success单元知识点讲解

这是一份上外版2020必修第三册 高一英语下学期 Unit1.Road to Success单元知识点讲解，共17页。

Unit 1 Road to Success【单元词汇和短语概览】1. foolish [ˈfu:lɪʃ] adj. 愚蠢的；傻的2. honor [ˈɒnə] (也作honour) n. 荣誉 v.使感到荣幸；给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）3. commencement [kəˈmensmənt] n. 学位授予典礼；毕业典礼4. connect [kəˈnekt] v.连接；联结5. practical [ˈpræktɪkl] adj. 实际的；真实的6. application [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn] n.应用，运用7. loss [lɒs] n. 损失；丢失8. dawn [dɔ:n] n. 黎明 v. 变得明朗，开始清楚9. company [ˈkʌmpəni] n. 公司；商号；商行10. remarkable [rɪˈmɑ:kəbl] adj.非凡的；显著的；引人注目的11. convince [kənˈvɪns] v.使确信；使相信；使信服12. settle [ˈsetl] v. 解决 (纠纷、问题等)； 定居；安顿; 安坐13. diagnose [ˈdaɪəgnəʊz]v. 诊断（疾病）；判断（问题的原因）14. limited [ˈlɪmɪtɪd] adj. 有限的15. issue [ˈɪʃu:] n. （杂志或报纸的）一期；期号；重要议题；争论的问题 v. 发表 (声明); 发出 (警告)16. live through 经历（灾难或其他困境）而幸存17. path [pɑːθ] n.小路；小径18. physiology [ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi] n. 生理学19. widespread [ˈwaɪdspred] adj. 普遍的；广泛的20. summarize [ˈsʌməraɪz] v. 总结；概括；概述21. dynasty [ˈdɪnəsti;ˈdaɪnəsti] n. 王朝；朝代22. conclusive [kənˈklu:sɪv] adj. 结论性的；不容置疑的；确凿的23. modest [ˈmɒdɪst] adj. 谦虚的；谦逊的; 适度的24. passionate [ˈpæʃənət] adj. 热诚的；热情的25. commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.（对工作或活动的）献身，奉献，投入26. cure [kjʊə] n. 药物；疗法27. struggle [ˈstrʌgl] n. 奋斗；努力28. worthwhile [ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl] adj. 重要的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）29. settle down（在某地）定居下来，过安定的生活30. characteristic [ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk] n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的31. influential [ˌɪnfluˈenʃəl] adj. 有很大影响的；有支配力的32. definition [ˌdefɪˈnɪʃən] n. 定义，解释33. respondent [rɪˈspɒndənt] n. 回答问题的人；（尤指）调查对象34. element [ˈelɪmənt] n. 要素；基本部分；典型部分35. fulfil [fʊlˈfɪl] v. 实现；履行36. significant [sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt] adj. 有重大意义的；显著的37. outcome [ˈaʊtkʌm] n. 结果38. military [ˈmɪlɪtərɪ] adj. 军事的；军队的；武装的39. feature [ˈfiːtʃə] v. n. 以...特色；特征；(报刊的) 特写; (广播、电视的) 特别节目; 故事片40. relate [rɪˈleɪt] v. 把……联系起来41. effective [ɪˈfektɪv] adj. 有效的42. grit [grɪt] n. 勇气；毅力；沙粒；沙砾43. perseverance [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神【核心词组】【短语】in honour of 为纪念；为庆祝connect with 连接；与…联系application form 申请表，申请书keep someone company陪某人做伴convince sb of sth使某人相信某事live through 经历（灾难或其他困境）have a passion for 对…有强烈的爱好settle down（在某地）定居下来have an influence on 对......有影响respond to 对......回应be of great significance 非常重要relate to 与…有关persevere to the end 坚持到底【词汇重点】1. commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/    n. （对工作或活动的）献身，奉献，投入v.commit 犯罪，做错事；使…承担义务In 2012, a call was issued for an annual billion-dollar U.S. commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine.<2019年虹口区一模阅读理解A篇>2012 年，美国呼吁每年投入 10 亿美元用于开发通用流感疫苗。2. conclusive /kənˈkluːsɪv/    adj. 结论性地；不容置疑的；确凿的n. conclusion 结论；结局；推论v. conclude 推断；断定；决定After several follow-up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirkstein came to conclusive answer.<2019年静安区二模阅读理解C篇>经过几次后续测试，并对我的家族史进行了更深入的研究，柯克斯坦博士得出了结论性的答案。3. convince /kənˈvɪns/  v. 使确信；使相信；使信服adj. convinced 确信的；深信的convince sb of There is an army of people convinced that traditional skills of reading and writing are declining.<2021年长宁区二模阅读理解C篇>有一大群人相信传统的阅读和写作技能正在下降。4. diagnose  /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/ v. 诊断（疾病）；判断（问题的原因）n. diagnosis 诊断adj.diagnostic 诊断的；特征的diagnose sb with sthEye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening.<2019年徐汇区一模概要写作>眼科医生现在可以通过眼科筛查来诊断非常年幼儿童的视力问题。limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ adj. 有限的n. limit 限制；限度；界线be limited toFor Chinese patients, the number of oral drugs available in the domestic market is very limited, so there is an urgent need for drugs to solve the problem of drug resistance. <2017年杨浦区一模阅读理解C篇>对于中国患者来说，国内市场上可买到的口服药物非常有限，迫切需要药物来解决耐药性问题。persistence  /pəˈsɪstəns/ n. 坚持；锲而不舍v.persist 坚持；持续，固执adj.persistent 固执的，坚持的persistence inThe test subjects who resisted the sweet stuff in favor of radishes performed poorly on the persistence test. <2019年徐汇区二模阅读理解C篇>拒绝甜食而偏爱萝卜的测试对象在持久性测试中表现不佳。physiology  /ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/ n. 生理学adj. physiological生理学的，生理的He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology. <2018年闵行区阅 读理解C篇>他因生理学方面的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。practical /ˈpræktɪkl/  adj. 实际的；真实的；客观存在的n. practice 实践；练习；惯例v. practice 练习；实习；实行There will be a written examination to complement the practical test. .<2021年嘉定一 模阅读理解C篇>他因生理学方面的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/   adj. 出版物（书刊等的）出版，发行adj. public 公众的；公立的v.publish 出版；发行；刊印The publication of Great Expectations strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. <2018年徐汇区二模阅读理解C篇>《远大前程》的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一流小说家的地位。remarkable /rɪ'mɑːkəb(ə)l/ adj. 非凡的；奇异的；显著的；引入注目的；v. remark 评论The Tang Dynasty is a period remarkable for its liberality.<2019年闵行区一模阅读理 解C篇> 唐朝是一段以开明著称的時期。respondent /rɪˈspɒndənt/    n. 回答问题的人；（尤指）调查对象v. respond 回答；作出反应n. response 响应；反应；回答In the study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack.<2021年杨浦区二模完形 填空> 在一项研究中，受访者表示，与官方对恐怖袭击的警告相比，梦见飞机失事会让他们更加焦虑。12. settle /ˈsetl/  v. 将就；（最终）决定；确定；安排好n.settlement 解决，处理；殖民settle downsettle inYour qualification will be recognized and can be checked for validity by all of your future clients too! <2018年黄浦区二模阅读理解B篇> 您的资格将得到认可，并且您所有未来的客户也可以检查其有效性！13. struggle  /'strʌg(ə)l/  n. 奋斗；努力adj. struggling 奋斗的；努力的；苦斗的v. struggle 挣扎struggle to doWe’ve all heard the stories of an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hard life, working part time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. <2020年虹口区一模阅读理解C篇> 我们都听说过演员在事业突破前挣扎的故事：过着艰苦的生活，兼职工作，在获得主要角色之前成为沙发土豆。14. summarise  /'sʌməraɪz/    v. 总结；概况；概述n. summary 总结The newspaperman summarized the crux of the aerodynamic phenomenon.<2020年 虹口区一模阅读理解C篇> 记者总结了空气动力现象之谜。【单元语法】1.分词做补语；1) 现在分词做宾语补足语；2）过去分词做宾语补足语；【现在分词作补足语】能接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词不多，主要有以下两类：1. feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 等表示感官或感觉的动词。如：I can hear someone knocking. 我听见有人敲门。She felt anger arising in her heart. 她感到心中涌起股怒气。Listen to the birds singing. 听那些鸟儿歌唱。Just look at the rain pouring down. 瞧雨这样倾盆地下。She noticed the man looking at her a couple of times. 她注意到那个男人朝她看了好几次。2. catch, discover, find, get, have, keep, leave, send, set, start等常用动词。如：She caught me smoking again. 她又抓住我抽烟了。He discovered her sitting near the fire, reading a book. 他发现她坐在炉火边看书。I found him lying on the floor. 我发现他躺在地板上。Do you think you can get the radio working? 你觉得能把收音机弄好吗?He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她站在雨里等候。【过去分词作补足语】作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系1. 及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时, 宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语, 宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时, 仅表示动作完成。3. 使役动词get, have, make, keep, leave等后, 可用过去分词做宾语补足语, 表： “致使某人或某事被…” We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s.表示“意欲; 命令”的动词如: like, order, want, wish, 相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be, 表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”。I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible.The father wants his daughter taught the piano.【课堂练习】I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.1. You can connect the speakers to your CD player.你可以将这些扬声器与你的激光唱机连接起来。2. How could she be so practical when he'd just told her something so shattering?他刚对她讲了那么令人震惊的事情，她怎么还能这么务实？3. He visited Paris and eventually settled there.他访问了巴黎并最终在那儿定居了。4. So what can we conclude from this debate?那么从这场辩论中我们能推断出什么呢？5. He saw me standing there, grinning foolishly at him.他看到我站在那儿咧着嘴朝他傻乎乎地笑。6. The company had committed thousands of dollars for a plan to reduce mercury emissions.该公司已经为了一项减少汞排放的计划调拨了数千美元。7. It's too early to know the outcome of her illness.现在还不知道她的病情结果。8. The officers died faithful to the honour of a soldier.军官们怀着对军人气节的忠诚而捐躯。9. The spacious gardens are a special feature of this property.宽敞的花园是这处房产的一大特色。10. President Cai yuanpei gave the commencement speech at Peking University.蔡元培校长在北京大学发表了毕业典礼演讲。 II. Translation.1. 他是个非凡卓越的人。(remarkable) He was a remarkable man. 2. 全套中国首部传统民间艺术丛书预计2022年面世。（schedule）The full set of China’s first book series on traditional folk art is scheduled to meet the audience in 2022.3.为社会做奉献的方式有很多种，其中之一就是利用闲暇时间到社区服务中心做义工。（which）There are many ways to contribute to society, one of which is to be a volunteer at the cominunity service center In one’s leisure hours.4.看完这本侦探故事书，请确保把书放回原位。(sure)Make sure that you put/lay the detective storybook where it was when you finish reading it.5.你认为究竟谁应该为没能及时安排人给那位访问学者接机而负责？(blame)Who on earth do you think is to blame for not being able to arrange for someone to meet/pick up the visiting scholar at the airport in time?【课堂练习】1. With a lot of problems ____, the principal decided to hold a meeting to have a through discussion about them. A. to solve B. being solved C. solving D. solved 2. The manager has had some problems ____ whether they should borrow the money from the banker. A. to decide B. deciding C. decided D. having decided 3. His remarks left me __ about his real purpose. A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering 4. O’Neal works hard. He is often seen ____ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice. A. sweated B. to be sweated C. sweating D. being sweated 5. We were pleased to see the old ____ at the nursing home. A. being well cared for B. cared well for C. been well cared for D. caring for well 6. The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ____. A. argued B. to be argued C. to be arguing D. being argued 7. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 8. Who do you think you’d like ____ with you, a boy or a girl? A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go 9. Who did the boss ____ his car this time? A. make wash B. make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash 10. Anyone ____ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police. A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying 11. A cook will be immediately fired if he found ____ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 12. Though I have often heard this song ____. I have never heard you ____ it. A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing 13. This dance is known ____ country music. A. performed with B. performing with C. to be performed to D. being performed to 14. It is encouraging to see million on the earth who had nothing but a record of misery and hunger ____ the chance to improve their life. A. having B. to have C. have D. who have 15. Remind me ____ the medicine tomorrow. A. of taking B. taking C. to take D. take 16. He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 17. The result of the election was not made ____ until last Friday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known 18. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head __ deep in her arms.A. bury B. to bury C. buried D. burying 19. Mr. Black felt like a cat on the hot bricks with so much work _. A. to do B. done C. doing D. being done 20. --- Your brother looks tired. What’s wrong with him? ---Well, that’s because his boss had him ____ all day. A. works B. to work C. working D. worked 21. I can’t get my car ____ on cold mornings, so I have to try ____ the radiator with some hot water. A. run; to fill B. running; filling C. running; to fill D. ran; filling 22. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls ____ in all directions before he was sent __ by his wife. A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep 23. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp ____ but the door ____. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting 24. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes ____ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship. A. Fixed B. fix C. fixing D. to fix25. Mr Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had ____ was nowhere to be seen. A. repairing B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 26. What did the librarian ____ out of the library? A. permit to take B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take D. insist being taken 27. ---The plan is heard ____ so well that we don’t have to make any changes. A. to design B. designing C. designed D. design 28. Linda is thought to ____ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she’s working in. A. have worked B. work C. be working D. be worked 29. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like ____ to themselves. A. to introduce B. to be introduced C. introducing D. being introducing 30. ____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself ____ at the party. A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticing C. Dressed; noticing D. Dressing; noticed 答案1-5 ACDCA 6-10 DAAAB 11-15 BCCCC 16-20 DBCAC 21-25 BACAC 26-30 BCCBAfoolishly commencement commit conclude outcomehonour connect practical feature settled