新高考英语二轮复习题型专练15 阅读理解之细节理解题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练15 阅读理解之细节理解题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型专练15阅读理解之细节理解题原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型专练15阅读理解之细节理解题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
【考试方向】细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, nt true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以Accrding t… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence f the passage authr means that________.
（3）It seems that nw a cuntry’s ecnmy depends much n________.
（4）If yu are interested in knwing abut what peple’s life will be, yu may visit________.
（5）The plicemen were tld “t lk the ther way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) s that________ .
（6）The pliceman wh said “Gd evening” t Rlls wanted t________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
【解答技巧】
1.描写类细节题
描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。
【真题再现】（2020·海南高考真题） In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway（晃动）. The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（赞歌）t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
1.What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?
A.It carried mre weight than it culd.
B.It swayed vilently in a strng wind
C.Its radway was damaged by vehicles
D.Its access was blcked by many peple.
2.Which f the fllwing is Dr. Petrski's idea accrding t paragraph 3?
A.N design is well received everywhere
B.Cnstructin is mre imprtant than design.
C.Nt all disasters are caused by engineering design
D.Imprvements n engineering wrks are necessary.
3.What des the last paragraph suggest?
A.Failure can lead t prgress.B.Success results in vercnfidence
C.Failure shuld be avided.D.Success cmes frm jint effrts.
4.What is the text?
A.A news reprtB.A shrt stry.
C.A bk reviewD.A research article.
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings imprvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（赞歌）t its breakdwns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings imprvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。
2.信息寻找题、广告阅读题
信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。
（1）补全成分法
省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driver wanted. 根据文义，可将该句补充为：A driver will be wanted. (招聘一名司机)。
（2）联想推测法
在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。
【真题再现】（2020·海南高考真题）Pali Overnight Adventures ffers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. Frm bradcasting t street art, these are just 4 f the 17 highly unique camps being ffered.
Bradcasting Camp
Becme the next star reprter, news writer, directr r prducer. While running every aspect f ur wn news statin, kids and their fellw campers will create and hst a bradcast airing each night at dinner fr the entire camp. Every night it ges n the web, keeping parents and the wrld infrmed f the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the mvie Missin Impssible, Tm Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the clest jb ever. Campers wh sign up fr the 2-week secret agent camp can get t knw abut the life f real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills n the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If yur child enjys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills f rasting, frying and cutting, as well as sme recipes that they can take hme and share with their families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license t an entirely new level. Campers will share their clrful ideas and imaginatin with each ther and wrk tgether t visualize, sketch and paint with nn-traditinal techniques t create the clest mural which will be displayed in public fr all t see.
5.Hw many camps des Pali Overnight Adventures ffer this summer?
A.2.B.4.C.17.D.21.
6.What will campers d at the Bradcasting Camp?
A.Create a website.B.Run a news statin.
C.Meet a star reprter.D.Hld a dinner party.
7.Which camp will attract children wh are interested in cking?
A.Bradcasting Camp.B.Secret Agent Camp.
C.Culinary CampD.Street Art Camp.
【答案】5.C 6.B 7.C
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Frm bradcasting t street art, these are just 4 f the 17 highly unique camps being ffered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C。
6.细节理解题。根据第一段中“While running every aspect f ur wn news statin, kids and their fellw campers will create and hst a bradcast airing each night at dinner fr the entire camp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。
7.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If yur child enjys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills f rasting, frying and cutting, as well as sme recipes that they can take hme and share with their families.”可知如果你的孩子喜欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知，Culinary Camp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。
3.数据计算题
此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。
例如：…
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数)f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
…
30. Hw many languages are spken by less than 6, 000 peple at present?
A. Abut 6,800 B. Abut 3,400
C. Abut 2,400 D. Abut 1,200
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。
4.图文转换题
此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。
【真题再现】（2015，四川卷）
50.The card abve is_________
A.a ticketB.a pstcard
C.an invitatinD.an advertisement
51.The party is fr_________
A.a birthday
B.the Queen
C.bee watching
D.the Natinal Day
52.Accrding t the card ,if yu are unable t g ,yu can.
A.return the card
B.visit the Museum
C.ignre the message
D.cntact Alice's mther
【答案】50.C 51.A 52.D
【解析】这是一张邀请函，是为了庆祝Alice的两岁生日。
50.C 主旨大意题。根据文章的we are thrwing a party 以及cme bug with us.可知，这是一张邀请函，故选择C。
51.A 细节理解题。根据文章中的 Alice is turning 2，可知，是为了庆祝生日的，故选择A。
52.D 细节理解题。根据文章中的regrets t the Queen Bee at 601-555-4111可知如果不能来，请打电话给妈妈，故选择D。
5.代词指代题解题技能
代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【真题再现】（2016·新课标卷III））On ne f her trips t New Yrk several years ag, Eudra Welty decided t take a cuple f New Yrk friends ut t dinner. They settled in at a cmfrtable East Slide cafe and within minutes, anther custmer was appraching their table.
＂Hey, aren’t yu frm Mississippi?＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m frm Mississippi t.＂
Withut a secnd thught, the wman jined the Welty party. When her dinner partner shwed up, she als pulled up a chair.
＂They began telling me all the news f Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t knw what my New Yrk friends were thinking.＂
Taxis n a rainy New Yrk night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the grup gt up t leave, it was puring utside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter t find a cab. Heading back dwntwn tward her htel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn f events that had changed their Big Apple dinner int a Mississippi state reunin(团聚).
＂My friends said: ‘Nw we believe yur stries,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Nw yu knw. These are the peple that make me write them.’＂
Sitting n a sfa in her rm, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, lked pleased with this explanatin.
＂I dn’t make them up,＂ she said f the characters in her fictin these last 50 r s years. ＂I dn’t have t.＂
Beauticians, bartenders, pian players and peple with purple hats, Welty’s peple cme frm afternns spent visiting with ld friends, frm walks thrugh the streets f her native Jacksn, Miss., frm cnversatins verheard n a bus. It annys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has nw given ut. Smetimes, sitting n a bus r a train, she hears nly a fragment(片段) f a particularly interesting stry.
26. The underlined wrd ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers t Welty’s _______.
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stries
【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。
26.D 【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据＂Nw we believe yur stries＂可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。
【题型演练】
1
A Pakistani man wh was brn withut arms has develped int a highly skilled snker player. In the game f snker, players traditinally use lng sticks t hit clred balls int hles at the end f a table. But Muham-mad Ikram has learned a different methd. He uses his chin (下巴) t hit the balls int the hles.
Muhammad Ikram is ne f nine children. He did nt receive an educatin and his family faced struggles meeting basic needs. Grwing up, Ikram spent much f his time watching peple play snker, a game n ne dreamed he culd ever play. He says he des nt remember exactly hw the idea f playing struck him. But at sme pint, he started practicing the game in secret. “He wuld eagerly watch ther bys play. He wuld keep wishing he als had arms s he culd play like them,” said his mther, Razia Bibi. “Then he started using his chin.”
The 32-year-ld lives in Samundri, a rural twn in Pakistan’s Punjab prvince. He has spent eight years perfecting his game and says he is nt afraid t take n any players. “I have met very gd snker players wh tell me I am a real genius and I can bring great fame t Pakistan,” he tld Reuters Televisin. Mian Usman Ahmed is c-wner f the Cuemaster Snker Club. He says Ikram wn several prizes in lcal cmpetitins ver the past tw years. “He wuld cme t the club and ask if he culd be allwed t play. We wuld lk at his arms and feel he was unable t,” Ahmed said. “He insisted we allw him t prve himself. When he did that, we saw he was actually very gd.”
When asked what he wuld say t thers with physical disabilities, Ikram said, “N ne shuld lse hpe.” He added that he wuld ne day like t cmpete at the internatinal level, hpefully with gvernment supprt.
1. What pssibly cntributed t Ikram’s becming a snker player?
A. The idea f supprting his family.
B. The encuragement frm his mther.
C. The hbby f watching snker games.
D. The desire t set an example t the disabled.
2. What can we learn abut Ikram frm Para. 3?
A. He has brught fame t his cuntry.
B. He has wn first prize in lcal snker games.
C. His skills f playing snker were highly thught f.
D. His methd f playing snker shcked ther players.
3. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Ikram?
A. Kind-hearted and gifted.B. Inspiring and determined.
C. Energetic and intelligent.D. Active and utging.
4. What was Ikram’s wish?
A. T becme a prfessinal snker player.
B. T cmpete in internatinal snker games.
C. T receive educatin with gvernment supprt.
D. T pen a snker club designed fr the disabled.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Ikram用下巴练就了打台球的高超技能。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Grwing up, Ikram spent much f his time watching peple play snker, a game n ne dreamed he culd ever play.(在成长过程中，伊克拉姆花了很多时间观看人们打斯诺克，一种从未有人梦想过他会玩的游戏)”可知，Ikram看斯诺克比赛的爱好促使他成为了斯诺克选手。故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“When he did that, we saw he was actually very gd.(当他做到这一点时，我们看到他实际上非常出色)”可知，Ikram打斯诺克的技巧受到高度评价。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ “I have met very gd snker players wh tell me I am a real genius and I can bring great fame t Pakistan,” he tld Reuters Televisin.(“我遇到过非常优秀的斯诺克选手，他们告诉我，我是一个真正的天才，我可以给巴基斯坦带来巨大的声誉，”他对路透社电视台说)”可知，Ikram在打斯诺克上天赋异禀。故选B项。
4. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He added that he wuld ne day like t cmpete at the internatinal level, hpefully with gvernment supprt.(他补充说，他希望有一天能参加国际比赛，希望能得到政府的支持)”可知，Ikram的愿望是参加国际斯诺克比赛。故选B项。
2
Vice-directr in Eurpe/Directr UNU Institute fr Envirnment and Human Security
Duty Statin: Bnn, Germany
The United Natins University (UNU) has been a think tank fr fair research n the pressing glbal prblems f human survival, cnflict preventin, develpment and welfare, fr the past fur decades. UNU is re-cruiting a Directr fr the UNU Institute fr Envirnment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) wh will meanwhile serve as UNU’s Vice-directr in Eurpe, dividing his/her time equally between bth psitins.
The Institutin: UNU-EHS aims t carry ut research n risks and adaptatin related t glbal change. The Institute’s research prmtes plicies and prgrammes t reduce these risks, while taking int accunt the cn-nectin between envirnmental and scietal factrs.
Qualificatins: The Directr shuld have academic qualificatins that lend t UNU-EHS fame in the inter-natinal schlarly cmmunity; guarantee scientific excellence; and prvide leadership and guidance fr activities at UNU-EHS and UNU-ViE.
Experience: Strng research backgrund and publicatins in areas related t addressing risks and scietal change. Demnstrated administratin experience. Successful influencing f plicymakers. Strng cntributins t knwledge sharing cmmunities. Strng internatinal fundraising skills and past success in securing supprt frm multiple funders.
Fluency in English is required. Fluency in German and fficial languages f the United Natins is desira-ble.
Applicatin deadline: 12 January 2020
Full details f the psitin and hw t apply: https unu. edu/ abut/hr
5. What’s the aim f the UNU?
A. Prvide qualified graduates fr UN rganizatins.
B. Research fair ways t deal with glbal prblems.
C. Wrk ut plicies fr gvernments and cuntries.
D. Lk int psitive effect f envirnmental changes.
6. What’s the qualificatin fr the pst advertised?
A. Scientific excellence and leadership abilities.
B. Gd cmmand f all UN fficial languages.
C. Abilities t prevent scial reginal cnflicts.
D. Adequate knwledge f UNU structures.
7. What kind f experience is required fr the pst?
A. Having taken leadership at UNU-EHS befre.
B. Having rganized research n a large public scale.
C. Having cntributed t spnsring gvernment events.
D. Having succeeded raising mney frm different peple.
【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国大学要招聘的主任岗位的相关信息。
5. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The United Natins University (UNU) has been a think tank fr fair research n the pressing glbal prblems f human survival, cnflict preventin, develpment and welfare, fr the past fur decades.(过去四十年来，联合国大学一直是对人类生存、预防冲突、发展和福利等紧迫的全球问题进行公平研究的智库)”可知，联合国大学的目标是研究处理全球问题的公平方法。故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据文章Qualificatins中“The Directr shuld have academic qualificatins that lend t UNU-EHS fame in the inter-natinal schlarly cmmunity; guarantee scientific excellence; and prvide leadership and guidance fr activities at UNU-EHS and UNU-ViE.(主任应具有使联合国大学环境卫生系统在国际学术界享有声誉的学术资格；保证科学卓越；为UNU-EHS和UNU-ViE的活动提供领导和指导)”可知，文章中招聘的职位资格需要有科学素养和领导力。故选A项。
7. 细节理解题。根据文章Experience中“Strng research backgrund and publicatins in areas related t addressing risks and scietal change. Demnstrated administratin experience. Successful influencing f plicymakers. Strng cntributins t knwledge sharing cmmunities. Strng internatinal fundraising skills and past success in securing supprt frm multiple funders.(在应对风险和社会变化方面有丰富的研究背景和出版物。有行政管理经验。政策制定者的有效影响力。为知识共享社区做出贡献。强大的国际筹款技能和过去成功获得多个资助者的支持)”可知，文章中的职位需要有成功地从不同的人那里筹款的经验。故选D项。
3
In the first term f cllege, Prfessr Kelly lectured us in his Acting 1 class abut the imprtance f taking the business f acting seriusly. As I prepare t take n my senir year, I think back n the first term and I cnsider my seriusness and my lve fr the art f theatre. I'm pleased t say that, fr the mst part, my determinatin remains as strng as ever.
Even after I've learned abut the difficulties and the heartbreak that g with wrking as an actr, I knw that it is still the right path fr me. Smething Prfessr Kelly said in that first acting class has stuck with me thrugh these last three years. He said, " Every actr chses t act fr their wn reasns — persnally I d it because I have t. I have t perfrm. It's wh l am." Fr as lng as I've been perfrming, I've wndered hw t best describe why I d what I d. Prfessr Kelly answered that questin fr me that day.
When I was little and first imagined what it wuld be like t be a real actr, I wuld imagine being knwn abut by many peple smeday. Hwever, I never actually wanted that. I act because n matter what is ging n in my life，n matter hw stressed I am with what's happening utside f r during practices, when I'm n stage, I'm hme and I'm me.
Many parents will feel wrried abut their children's chsing t be an actr. Sme will be surprised. My parents are just exceptins. They knew frm the start that nthing was ging t keep me frm ding what I lve.
8. What did Prfessr Kelly's wrds make the authr realize?
A. She did acting ut f lve.B. She really had a gift fr acting.
C. She wuld face many challenges.D. She must wrk hard t learn acting.
9. What des the underlined wrd " that" in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Imagining being an actr.B. Being n stage.
C. Becming famus ne day.D. Being devted t theatre.
10. Hw d the authr's parents feel abut her chice?
A. Cntent.B. Sympathetic.C. Cncerned.D. Disappinted.
11. What is the authr mainly talking abut in the text?
A. Why she chse acting.B. Wh inspired her t act.
C. Hw acting changed her life.D. What she learned abut acting.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的表演求学经历告诉我们一个道理：你坚守一个职业的初心就是成为你自己。
8. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As I prepare t take n my senir year, I think back n the first term and I cnsider my seriusness and my lve fr the art f theatre.”（当我准备进入大四的时候，我回想起第一学期，我意识到我对戏剧艺术的认真和热爱。）可知，Kelly教授的话让作者意识到自己学表演是出于热爱。故选A项。
9. 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前句“I wuld imagine being knwn abut by many peple smeday.”（我可以想象有一天会被很多人所了解。）可知，that指的是有一天变得有名。故选C项。
10. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“My parents are just exceptins. They knew frm the start that nthing was ging t keep me frm ding what I lve.”（我的父母只是例外。他们从一开始就知道没有什么能阻止我做我喜欢的事情。）可知，作者父母对于自己的选择持赞同态度。故选B项。
11. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Fr as lng as I've been perfrming, I've wndered hw t best describe why I d what I d. Prfessr Kelly answered that questin fr me that day.”（自从我开始表演以来，我一直想知道如何最好地描述我为什么要做我所做的事。Kelly教授那天为我回答了这个问题。）及全文内容可知，文章作者讲述的是她选择表演的原因。故选A项。
4
Cry, aged 30, was diagnsed with spinal muscular atrphy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very yung age. Because f his cnditin, he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mther, Sandy Gilbreath, raised him as a single parent. Althugh taking care f a child with a disability was challenging, she ensured that Cry didn't miss ut n the fun things in life. Sandy tk him n rad trips during summer breaks thrughut his childhd. The exciting experiences f explring new places inspired him t set a lifelng gal f visiting all seven cntinents.
Frtunately, Cry was able t d that just befre the COVID-19 started. He and his mther traveled t Antarctica in February, just befre the brders clsed. It was the seventh and final cntinent ff his list. He became the first-ever wheelchair user t visit all the seven cntinents!
Accrding t Cry, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range f planning and research. He starts his research six t twelve mnths befre each trip, making sure that there are accessible transprtatin ptins in the lcatin. He wuld als call up htels r rental hmes t cnfirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim t be.
When Cry started ging n adventures, there weren't many nline resurces discussing accessible travel. T help ther travelers with disabilities explre the wrld as he des, he decided t share his knwledge in his blg. Aiming t prmte representatin f the wheelchair-using cmmunity, Cry and his mther wrte a children's bk, titled Let's Explre with Cr Cr, which is abut a by wh travels arund the wrld in his pwered wheelchair.
Traveling t all seven cntinents wasn't smething I was sure was ging t be pssible," he said. "But if yu stay determined and keep a psitive attitude, the pprtunities are limitless."
12. What made Cry Lee decide t visit all seven cntinents?
A. His mther's expectatin.
B. His travelling experiences.
C. His dream f helping thers.
D. His bjective f making a histry.
13. What wrries Cry mst abut a trip?
A. Rental fees.
B. Lcal attractins.
C. Accmmdatin.
D. Transprtatin.
14. Why did Cry and his mther write the bk?
A. T enrich nline resurces.
B. T recrd travelling events.
C. T help peple with special needs.
D. T intrduce wheelchair adventures.
15. What can we learn frm Cry's stry?
A. Nthing can prevent a determined heart.
B. Disability can turn int an pprtunity,
C. Travelling shapes a psitive attitude.
D. Mm is the creatr f children's dreams.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，从小被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症的科里在妈妈的爱护下坐轮椅游览了七大洲，他决定在博客上分享他的旅行知识，帮助其他残疾旅行者像他一样探索世界。
12. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Sandy tk him n rad trips during summer breaks thrughut his childhd. The exciting experiences f explring new places inspired him t set a lifelng gal f visiting all seven cntinents.”（桑迪（妈妈）在他童年的暑假里带他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激动人心的经历激励他树立了一个终生的目标：游览所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年时，妈妈带他去公路旅行的经历让他下定决心访问所有七大洲。故选B项。
13. 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Accrding t Cry, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range f planning and research. He starts his research six t twelve mnths befre each trip, making sure that there are accessible transprtatin ptins in the lcatin.”（科里认为，坐轮椅旅行需要进行广泛的规划和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二个月开始他的研究，确保在这个地方有方便的交通选择。），可知科里因为身体原因要坐轮椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有没有方便的交通选择，可得出科里旅行时最担心的是交通问题。故选D项。
14. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Aiming t prmte representatin f the wheelchair-using cmmunity, Cry and his mther wrte a children's bk, titled Let's Explre with Cr Cr, which is abut a by wh travels arund the wrld in his pwered wheelchair.”（为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，科里和他的母亲写了一本儿童读物，名为《让我们和Cr Cr一起探索》，这本书讲述了一个男孩坐着电动轮椅环游世界的故事。），可知是为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，即为了帮助有特殊需要的人（坐轮椅的人），科里和他妈妈才写书分享经历的。故选C项。
15. 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Cry, aged 30, was diagnsed with spinal muscular atrphy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very yung age. Because f his cnditin, he began using a wheelchair at age 4.”（科里今年30岁，在很小的时候就被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症。因为他的身体状况，他从4岁开始使用轮椅。），第二段中的“He became the first-ever wheelchair user t visit all the seven cntinents!”（他成为有史以来第一个访问所有七大洲的轮椅使用者！）和最后一段“Traveling t all seven cntinents wasn't smething I was sure was ging t be pssible," he said. "But if yu stay determined and keep a psitive attitude, the pprtunities are limitless."”（他说：“去所有七大洲旅行并不是我能确定的事。”但如果你保持坚定和积极的态度，机会是无限的。”），可知科里从小坐轮椅，但因为保持着坚定和积极的态度，他才能完成游览所有七大洲的目标，可得出即使残疾，坚定的心也能帮助人们实现梦想，所以没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心。故选A项。
5
I was invited t give a speech at an educatrs, cnference. I happened t sit next t Clay Parker, the CEO f a technlgy cmpany that makes micr electrnics devices.
Fr the last few years, I’d been reading abut the rapidly changing wrld f wrk and was increasingly cncerned that students are nt prepared fr tday’s wrkplace. Buried in bk knwledge, university students talk like a bk and always pass exams with flying clurs. Hwever, when facing HR staff instead f their teachers, what they have learned seems useless. S I asked Parker what qualities he mst wanted in a ptential new emplyee. I expected a list f technical skills - especially since Parker is an engineer himself- but I was way ff the mark.
“First, I lk fr smene wh asks gd questins,” Parker respnded. “Our business is changing, and s are the skills f ur engineers. We can teach them the technical stuff. But fr emplyees willing t slve prblems r t learn new things, they have t knw what questins t ask. And we can’t teach them hw t ask gd questins - hw t think. The ability t ask the right questins reflects gd thinking ability, the mst imprtant quality.”
Indeed, the ability t ask gd questins has been a repeated theme in almst all f my cnversatins abut cre cmpetences and skills fr success in tday’s wrkplace. It turns ut that asking gd questins ges hand in hand with prblem slving ability in the minds f mst emplyers.
The students have always been brught up t live up t a certain standard and s much emphasis has been put n fixed rules and giving the expected answer f their teachers instead f raising a questin. We teachers are always blaming the students fr giving wrng answers. Perhaps we shuld ask urselves whether we are always asking the right questins.
16. Why did the authr ask Parker the questin?
A. T bring the CEO’s attentin t educatin.
B. T cllect infrmatin abut his cmpany.
C. T ask fr his pinin abut the cnference.
D. T knw his requirements fr new emplyees.
17. What dcs underlined "ff the mark" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Mistaken.B. Nt qualified.
C. Cnfused.D. Nt prfessinal.
18. What des Parker value his emplyees fr?
A. Teamwrk.B. Thinking ability.
C. Technical skills.D. Prfessinal knwledge.
19. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Hw t Hunt fr a Jb
B. Asking Questins Matters
C. An Encunter with a CEO
D. Prblem-slving Makes a Difference
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了在职场中最重要的能力是具有提出问题的能力，这反映了其良好的思考能力。
16. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“S I asked Parker what qualities he mst wanted in a ptential new emplyee. (所以我问帕克，他最希望新员工具备什么样的品质。)”可知，作者的问题是想了解他对新员工的要求。故选D项。
17. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“I expected a list f technical skills - especially since Parker is an engineer himself- but I was way ff the mark. (我期望得到一份技术技能的清单——尤其是帕克本人就是一名工程师——但我__________。)”以及第三段中““First, I lk fr smene wh asks gd questins,” Parker respnded. (帕克回答说：“首先，我寻找那些能提出好问题的人。”)”由帕克的回答首先是想要那些能提出好问题的人，而不是对什么技术技能的要求，可知作者想错了，因此猜测划线词 ff the mark意为“错误的”。故选A项。
18. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ The ability t ask the right questins reflects gd thinking ability, the mst imprtant quality. (提出正确问题的能力反映了良好的思考能力，这是最重要的品质。)”可知，帕克看重员工的思考能力。故选B项。
19. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“ The ability t ask the right questins reflects gd thinking ability, the mst imprtant quality. (提出正确问题的能力反映了良好的思考能力，这是最重要的品质。)”和第四段中“Indeed, the ability t ask gd questins has been a repeated theme in almst all f my cnversatins abut cre cmpetences and skills fr success in tday’s wrkplace. (事实上，在我的几乎所有关于在当今职场中取得成功的核心能力和技能的谈话中，提出好问题的能力一直是一个反复出现的主题。)”可知，本文主要讲述了在职场中最重要的能力是具有提出问题的能力，这反映了其良好的思考能力，因此本文的最佳标题选项B“提出问题最重要”符合题意。故选B项。
6
It's n secret that inhaling(吸入) smke is bad fr yur lungs. But nw, scientists are suggesting smke may als carry and spread infectius diseases.The thery, published in Science Magazine, is based n research that fund wildfire smke is teeming with thusands f species f micrrganisms. Sme f these micrrganisms, including bacteria and fungal spres（真菌孢子）, are knwn t cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant r animal matter and disturbs sils, it expses thusands f species f bacteria and fungi（真菌） that therwise might nt easily becme airbrne（空气传播的）. Yu might think the high heat frm fire wuld kill these rganisms, but ne study cited in the article fund that sme bacteria even multiply pst-fire. Scientists say the rganisms latch nt smke particulates（微粒）, allwing them t travel thusands f miles acrss cntinents.
Dr. Peter Chen, directr f the Divisin f Pulmnary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Ls Angeles, is "intrigued" by the thery but smewhat skeptical that the micrrganisms in smke wuld actually cause infectins. Many bacteria and fungi dn't cause lung infectins, says Chen, but it's certainly pssible that a significant amunt culd wrsen symptms in smene with a pre-existing lung cnditin. "I always thught it was the particulates in smke that were causing these issues," says Chen, "But when I read this, I started thinking: Culd it be the micrrganisms that are als wrsening existing illness?"
Whether the micrbes in smke actually cause infectin r simply wrsen ptential respiratry（呼吸的） issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming," says Kelsey Jack, an assciate prfessr f envirnmental and develpment ecnmics.This is especially true fr lwer-incme ppulatins, Jack says, because peple with fewer means are ften mre expsed t the envirnment. If smke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the peple wh wrk utside, r wh have t g t the ffice n ft r by bike, will inhale mre smke than thse wh drive.
But until mre research is dne, Chen says the best thing peple can d is just fllw existing recmmendatins when air quality is pr — including staying indrs, keeping windws and drs clsed, using HEPA filters（过滤器） and running air cnditining.
20. What can we knw abut the micrrganisms frm paragraph 2?
A. They culd be killed by high heat
B. They culd pssibly travel thrugh air by themselves
C. They culd reprduce in large numbers after fires.
D. They can easily attach themselves t smke particulates
21. Hw d mst micrrganisms affect peple accrding t Dr. Peter Chen?
A. They will causes lung infectins.
B. They might wrsen lung disease
C. They will destry living envirnments.
D. They might damage respiratry system
22. Why are lw-incme peple suffering mre than thers?
A. They live in pr areas.
B. They drive t and frm wrk
C. They have suffered frm lung disease
D. They are expsed t plluted air mre frequently.
23. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A. Results f the new research
B. Disagreements between the authr and Chen.
C. Suggestins n dealing with pr air quality
D. Benefits f preventing smke frm plluting the air
【答案】20. C21. B22. D23. C
【解析】本文是说明文。科学家通过研究发现烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病，当野火燃烧时，会散播数千种细菌和真菌。文章介绍了这项发现，并给出了相应的建议。
20. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Yu might think the high heat frm fire wuld kill these rganisms, but ne study cited in the article fund that sme bacteria even multiply pst-fire.( 你可能认为来自火灾的高热会杀死这些生物，但一篇文章引用的一项研究发现，有些细菌甚至会在大火后繁殖。)”可知，微生物在大火之后可能大量繁殖。故选C。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Many bacteria and fungi dn't cause lung infectins, says Chen, but it's certainly pssible that a significant amunt culd wrsen symptms in smene with a pre-existing lung cnditin.（许多细菌和真菌不会引起肺部感染，陈说，但肯定有可能大量的细菌和真菌会使先前存在的肺部疾病的人的症状恶化。）”可知，Peter陈认为微生物可能会让肺部感染恶化。故选B。
22. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“This is especially true fr lwer-incme ppulatins, Jack says, because peple with fewer means are ften mre expsed t the envirnment.（杰克说，这对低收入人群尤其如此，因为经济能力较差的人往往更容易接触这样的环境。）”可知，低收入人群比别人遭受更多是因为他们更频繁地暴露在污染的空气中。故选D。
23. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容“But until mre research is dne, Chen says the best thing peple can d is just fllw existing recmmendatins when air quality is pr — including staying indrs, keeping windws and drs clsed, using HEPA filters（过滤器） and running air cnditining.（但在做更多的研究之前，陈说，人们能做的最好的事情就是在空气质量差的时候遵循现有的建议——包括待在室内，关闭门窗，使用HEPA过滤器和运行空调。）”可知，最后一段讨论了关于处理空气质量差的建议。故选C。