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    阅读理解+七选五
    时间 :40分钟 满分:50分
    姓名__________ 得分________
    阅读(共两节,满分50分)
    第一节 (每题2.5分,满分37.5分)
    阅读下列文章,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
    A
    A Lk at Fur f the Wrld-famus Clleges
    University Cllege Lndn, England. United Kingdm
    This university was funded with the intent f pening educatin equally and t all. In 1878, University Cllege Lndn began admitting wmen using the same admissin standards men were held t. The cllege was the first in the United Kingdm t accept students frm any class r religin.
    Tuitin (学费) fr each student cmes in at $31,000. This price des include fees fr husing, fd, travel expenses and insurance.
    University f Melburne, Melburne, Australia
    It pened in 1853 and is knwn fr its utstanding research and teaching prgrams. Research at the university in the 1970s led t a cchlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving mre than 200,000 patients wrldwide hearing.
    Parents f native students expect t pay $24,500 fr the first term’s tuitin and anther $19,500 fr rm and bard in residential husing.
    University f Cambridge, England, United Kingdm
    Recrds f the university reach back t 1209 when the area was an ancient Rman trading pst, making it the secnd ldest university in the UK. Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with arund 1,300 f thse cming frm 65 different cuntries.
    Tuitin fr the bachelr prgrams like engineering reaches $31,000.
    Sarah Lawrence Cllege, New Yrk, United States
    It is knwn fr a diverse student bdy cming frm 53 different cuntries. The teacher/student rati (比例) and persnalized curses f study attract students frm the United States and abrad.
    Undergraduates carrying 30 credits will pay $51,196 fr tuitin. The cst t attend Sarah Lawrence may seem prhibitive t many, but a degree frm this hnured cllege can pen many drs fr graduates.
    1.When did University Cllege Lndn start t admit wmen n equal terms with men?
    A.In 1209.B.In1853.C.In 1878.D.In 1887.
    2.Which cllege develped a device t benefit peple with hearing lss?
    A.University f Melburne.B.Sarah Lawrence Cllege.
    C.University f Cambridge.D.University Cllege Lndn.
    3.What d the last tw clleges have in cmmn?
    A.They just ffer the bachelr prgrams.B.They feature the highest cst f bard.
    C.They are lcated in the United Kingdm.D.They are favured by internatinal students.
    B
    Jim fund himself exhausted during a trip. When he came hme, he went t see a dctr. “The reasn I was tired, ” Jim says, “was that my kidneys (肾脏)were gne. ”
    Jim, 69, a frmer Air Frce pilt, immediately started dialysis(透析) three days a week. A persn f his age n dialysis usually lives nly abut fur years. Transplants are a lng-sht alternative. The Natinal Kidney Fundatin estimates that 13 peple die every day while waiting fr a dnr with the right bld and tissue types.
    Jim’s wife, nephew and fur family friends ffered but weren’t a match. Jim was s discuraged that he was even cnsidering nt attending a reunin f sme Air Frce buddies(铁哥们). But his wife encuraged him t reunite with his ld friends, amng whm was ne he hadn’t seen in 50 years: Dug Cffman. The tw had met when they bth were learning Vietnamese befre they went verseas.
    Dug, then 70, felt a strng bnd with his band f brthers, even thugh he hadn’t seen sme f them in decades. Their cnnectin went beynd the battlefield in ways mst sldiers never experience.
    Dug had received help frm his friends when he was in truble, s he felt like it was a time that he culd pay that ahead by dnating a kidney t Jim. Frtunately, series f testing revealed nt nly that Dug’s tissue type matched Jim’s but als that he had the kidneys f a 35-year-ld.
    The transplant was a success. “It’s pretty miraculus t be able t take an rgan ut f ne persn’s bdy—a living rgan—put it in anther persn’s bdy, and have it wrk, ” Dug says. “And there’s nthing finer than knwing I’ve helped anther persn live a better life. ”
    4.Frm this text we knw that Kidney transplant is ________.
    A.ExpensiveB.dangerusC.a matter f luckD.an unwise chice
    5.Hw ld was Jim when he went verseas?
    A.Abut 17.B.Abut 19.C.Abut 22.D.Abut 25.
    6.What can we infer frm Dug’s wrds in the last paragraph?
    A.Dug is happy t dnate a kidney t Jim.B.Jim is having a better life than Dug.
    C.The kidney transplant is very successful.D.Mdern medical science is very advanced.
    7.What is the theme f this text?
    A.Gd luck.B.An peratin.C.Paying it frward.D.Gd relatinship.
    C
    What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
    S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
    As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
    Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
    Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething:perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
    8.Regarding Alan Smith’s defence f ALife, the authr is .
    A.supprtiveB.puzzledC.uncncernedD.dubtful
    9.What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
    A.Shcked.B.Prtected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.
    10.What can we learn frm this passage?
    A.ALife hlds the key t human future.B.ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
    C.AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.D.AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
    11.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
    A.Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
    B.Life Evlves. Can AI Help ALife Evlve, T?
    C.Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
    D.Life Evlves. Can Attempts t Create ALife Evlve, T?
    D
    Scientists and engineers are preparing fr pssible travel int interstellar (星际的) space, the area in between stars, in the distant future. A new reprt examines the pssible prblem f changes in language n lng space trips. Tw American researchers have explred ne pssible prblem with such travel. They cnsidered the pssibility that changes in human language culd develp vertime and lead t majr cmmunicatin prblems with peple n Earth.
    The language experts are prfessrs Andrew McKenzie frm the University f Kansas, and Jeffrey Punske f Suthern Illinis University. The tw recently published a paper, which cnsiders very lng trips necessary t reach interstellar space, estimated t be abut 18 billin kilmeters frm Earth. It als examines the pssibility f future clnizatin (殖民地的开拓) f distant stars.
    Languages naturally change as cmmunities grw mre islated frm each ther, the researchers nte in the paper. The lng islatin f a cmmunity culd lead t enugh differences in language t make it impssible fr cmmunity members back hme t understand. “If yu’re n this spaceship fr 10 generatins, new cncepts and scial issues will emerge, and peple will create ways f talking abut them,” McKenzie said in a statement. Such vcabulary wuld becme specific t nly that spaceship.
    “Peple n Earth might never knw abut these wrds, unless there’s a reasn t tell them. And the further away yu get, the less yu’re ging t talk t peple back hme,” McKenzie said. The researchers nted that in additin t new wrds being used, the language f peple traveling n spaceships and living in clnies wuld experience many ther changes. Fr example, the sunds f different letters wuld likely change vertime, affecting nt nly individual wrds, but the whle “grammatical system”, the paper states.
    Majr changes in wrd and sentence structure culd als create systematic language barriers vertime, the researchers said. “Given mre time, new grammatical frms can cmpletely replace current nes,” McKenzie said.
    12.What is the pssible result f lng space travel accrding t the research?
    A.It may bring abut many language barriers.B.Peple may suffer frm mental prblems.
    C.It may change peple’s living envirnment.D.Peple culd cmmunicate mre easily n Earth.
    13.What des the underlined wrd “islatin” in paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
    A.Cnnectin.B.Distributin.C.Lneliness.D.Separatin.
    14.What can we infer abut the language used n spaceships frm paragraph 4?
    A.It will frm its wn language system.B.It will replace the current language sn.
    C.It can be understd by peple n Earth.D.It can be used t cmmunicate with aliens.
    15.Why des the authr mentin McKenzie in the last paragraph?
    A.T present the way t create new languages.
    B.T explain the reasn fr language prblems.
    C.T stress the inevitable trend f language changing.
    D.T shw the imprtance f new grammatical systems.
    第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
    Wrried abut the climate? 16 . Here are sme examples t get yu started.
    •Cunt the birds and the bees
    Get clser t nature by becming a citizen scientist. Yu culd be cunting birds in yur garden, butterflies, insects and flwers, r even reptiles and hedgehgs. 17 . It’s a fun grup activity, and yur data can help scientists better understand the impact f human behaviur n natural habitats.
    • 18
    Media headlines can be alarming when it cmes t the climate and nature crisis r ignring the issues cmpletely. Hsting a lcal discussin can allw space fr reflectin, debate, ideas and cllabratin (合作) t take actin n glbal issues at a lcal level.
    •Set up a library f things
    Internet shpping has made it t easy t buy new stuff at the click f a buttn. 19 ? First, it’ll clutter (凌乱地塞满) yur huse,then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library f things can encurage lcal peple t share everything frm tls t instruments, cking gadgets t tys.
    •Start a climate emergency centre
    20 . That’s why mre and mre climate emergency centres are ppping up in derelict (废弃地) shps n high streets and in shpping centres. A climate emergency centre can be a space fr events such as an exhibitin n plastic waste r a wrkshp t learn hw t make ec-cleaning prducts. It can als be a way t mtivate mre peple t take actin.
    A.Cperate with yur lcals
    B.But where is it all ging t end up
    C.Hst a climate and nature discussin
    D.But hw have we cnsumed the things
    E.The climate and nature crisis isn’t ging away
    F.There are lts f citizen science prjects t take part in
    G.Small lcal actins with neighbrs, lcal businesses and pliticians can make a difference
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