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外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English精品同步练习题
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这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English精品同步练习题，共17页。
We knw abut the Piraha thanks t Prfessr Dan Everelt, wh spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everelt discvered a wrld withut numbers, withut time, withut wrds fr clrs, withut clauses and withut a past tense. Their language, he fund, was nt just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range f sunds and differed between the sexes. Fr the men, it has just 11 speech sunds; fr the wmen, it has nly 10, the smallest number f speech sunds in the wrld. The language sunds mre like humming than speech. The Piraha can als whistle their language, which is hw men cmmunicate when hunting.
Their culture is similarly cnstrained. The Piraha can’t write, have little cllective memry, and n cncept f decrative art. In 1980 Everelt tried t teach them t cunt, he explained basic cunting skills t an enthusiastic grup fnd f learning them t trade with ther tribes. After eight mnths, nt ne culd cunt t ten; even ne plus ne was beynd them. The experiment seemed t cnfirm Everelt’s thery: the tribe just culdn’t understand the cncept f number.
The Piraha’s inability t cunt is imprtant because it seems t disprve Nam Chmsky’s influential Thery f Universal Grammar, which hlds that the human mind has a natural ability fr language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children t understand abstract (抽象的) cncepts such as number. One f Chmsky’s wrkmates has recently gne n an expeditin (远征) t study the tribe. We d nt yet knw if the Piraha have persuaded him t change his thery.
1．What’s the Piraha’s majr attractin t researchers?
A．A well-preserved lifestyle.
B．A small existing ppulatin.
C．A unique cmmunicative way.
D．An extremely simple cunting system.
2．What can we learn abut the Piraha accrding t Everelt’ s findings?
A．They use few speech sunds.
B．Wmen speak less than men.
C．Their grammar is cmplicated.
D．They cmmunicate nly by whistling.
3．What des the underlined wrd “cnstrained” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．StrangeB．AttractiveC．LimitedD．Respectable
4．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Findings abut the Piraha help us knw mre abut human mind.
B．The Piraha’s inability t cunt challenges an existing thery f grammar.
C．A researcher is making an explratin t study the Piraha’s cunting ability.
D．Languages have a similar structure s we can understand abstract cncepts.
（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）Online dictinaries have becme part f the writing and reading culture. Cnsidering that there are several f them, yu need t knw what dictinary t use in different situatins. The fllwing gives yu a detailed utlk f the best dictinaries n the web, their unique features, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Cllins Dictinary
Featuring ver 4.5 billin wrds, it is ne f the best platfrms fr learners and teachers. Its search engine enables yu t select the wrd by just typing a few letters. Hwever, it desn’t feature urban wrds and that the translatr mde desn’t always give crrect translatins.
Urban Dictinary
Urban dictinary is an nline platfrm where yu can find urban wrds r slang expressins. Althugh it desn’t cme handy fr schlars, it can help yu understand slang r urban wrds yu cme acrss arund the web. Yu smetimes have t d many searches t get desired results.
Oxfrd Dictinary
Knwn as the best tl fr students and learners, it helps define wrds bth in British and American English. Fr clearer understanding, Oxfrd dictinary ffers pictures, example sentences, and audi prnunciatin, amng thers. It is the ideal (最合适的) dictinary t use when writing a research paper, but is smetimes criticized fr cmplex wrd definitins.
Cambridge Dictinary
This dictinary is anther highly respected nline dictinary fr fficial and academic purpses. It has three utstanding features which are dictinary, grammar, and translatr. The dictinary supprts translatin fr ver 20 languages. Smetimes yu may meet lts f infrmatin that might make it hard t get desired results.
5．What makes users dissatisfied with Cllins Dictinary?
A．Outdated wrds.B．A small vcabulary.
C．Frequent searches.D．Sme bad translatins.
6．Which dictinary features slangs?
A．Cllins Dictinary.B．Urban Dictinary.
C．Oxfrd Dictinary.D．Cambridge Dictinary.
7．What d Oxfrd Dictinary and Cambridge Dictinary have in cmmn?
A．They present a lt f pictures.B．They prvide varius translatins.
C．They define wrds in a cmplex way.D．They are useful fr research purpses.
（2023秋·贵州黔西·高一统考期末）A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims (习语), thugh my teacher stressed the imprtance again and again. But sn, the imprtance f English idims was shwn in an amusing experience.
One day, I happened t meet an Englishman n the rad, and sn we began t talk. As I was talking abut hw I was studying English, the freigner seemed t be astnished.
Gently shaking his head, shrugging his shulders, he said, “Yu dn’t say!” I was puzzled. I thught, perhaps this is nt an apprpriate tpic. “Well, I’d better change the tpic.” S I said t him. “Well, shall we talk abut the Great Wall? By the way, have yu ever been there?” “Certainly, everyne back hme will laugh at me if I leave China withut seeing it. It was magnificent.” He was deep in thught when I began t talk like a turist guide. “The Great Wall is ne f the wnders in the wrld. We are very prud f it.” Sn I was interrupted again by his wrds: “Yu dn’t say!”. I culdn’t help asking, “Why d yu ask me nt t talk abut it?”
“Well, I didn’t request yu t d s,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn’t yu say ‘yu dn’t say’?” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed t tears. He began t explain, “‘Yu dn’t say!’ actually means ‘Really!’. It is an expressin f surprise. Perhaps yu dn’t pay attentin t English idims.”
Only then did I realize I had made a fl f mysell. Since then I have been mre careful with idimatic expressins. Remember: What the English teachers said is always right t us students.
8．A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims because________.
A．English idims were nt imprtant
B．my teacher didn’t emphasize the imprtance f them
C．I had n interest in them
D．I didn’t realize the imprtance f English idims
9．What can we infer frm the secnd paragraph?
A．The Englishman left China withut seeing the Great Wall.
B．The Englishman thught the Great Wall is wrth visiting.
C．The Englishman wanted t see the Great Wall after I talked abut it.
D．The Englishman wanted me t act as his guide.
10．At first, n hearing “Yu dn’t say!” I thught the freigner meant ________.
A．he was nly interested in the Great Wall
B．he was nt interested in the tpic
C．I had talked t much
D．I had t stp talking
11．After the Englishman explained the idim, ________.
A．I felt very flish
B．I thught the Englishman had made me a fl
C．the Englishman became a real fl
D．I became mre carefully in everything
（2023秋·广西河池·高一统考期末）In Ireland, where I am studying fr a PhD in immunlgy (免疫学) at Trinity Cllege Dublin, we have tw fficial languages. Irish is the first and natinal language, English the secnd. I grew up speaking Irish in a small pcket f Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, Cunty Kerry, where the language is still relatively cmmn. Much t my surprise, I have fund a practical use fr it during my PhD prgramme.
In December last year, I was cntacted by prducers at the natinal Irish-language radi statin. They wanted t knw whether I wuld be interested in jining a current-affairs discussin, and highlighted the difficulty f finding peple with a strng backgrund in immunlgy wh spke Irish fluently.
I have since been a guest n the shw several times. It wasn’t until I was asked t d the radi prgramme that I realized hw imprtant it is t have smene wh can speak Irish and cmmunicate effectively. I began t see a benefit in having a platfrm fr talking abut the science that I lve, while getting the chance t cnvey (传达) imprtant infrmatin t peple wh might nt therwise have access t it in English.
Nt nly has Irish been useful fr engagement in a brader sense, but it has als directly helped me with my PhD prgramme.
T mve beynd science and cmmunicate with the public, researchers must be able t speak the language f ur audience — which is nt always English. Science needs t reflect the linguistic diversity (语言多样性) f the general ppulatin. Having peple at all levels f academia (学术界) wh speak multiple languages, including Irish and ther minrity languages, is imprtant in bringing science t the masses and can benefit ur scientific effrts.
12．What can we knw abut Cunty Kerry?
A．The authr is studying fr a PhD there.B．The authr stays there mst f the time.
C．Many peple speak Irish there.D．Irish is the fficial language there.
13．Why did a radi statin cntact the authr?
A．It wanted him t participate in a prgramme.B．It wanted t find a persn speaking Irish.
C．It wanted him t intrduce immunlgy.D．It wanted him t attract mre Irish peple.
14．What shuld researchers d t talk t the public?
A．Mve beynd science.B．Speak Irish fluently.
C．Knw English very well.D．Speak the public’s languages.
15．What des the authr intend t shw by writing the text?
A．Studying immunlgy is very meaningful.
B．Speaking English fluently is very imprtant.
C．Being fluent in a secnd language bsts research.
D．The experience in radi prgramme is unfrgettable.
（2023秋·河北保定·高一统考期末）An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.
The research, published Friday in the jurnal Nature Eclgy and Evlutin, details a wide range f factrs (因素) putting endangered languages under pressure.
Australian researchers have fund that as rads increasingly cnnect cities t mre remte areas arund the wrld, native languages can be replaced by their mre majr cunterparts (对手), such as English.
The study als claims that majr languages have been fund t take the place f thse spken by smaller grups.
Experts have said Australia’s recrd is pr, and the cuntry has ne f wrld’s highest rates f language lss wrldwide.
Befre Eurpean clnizatin (殖民地化), mre than 250 First Natins languages were spken in Australia. Tday, there are just 40, and nly a dzen is being taught t children.
“This has been an n-ging prcess thrugh clnizatin and glbalizatin,” said the University f Queensland’s prfessr Felicity Meakins, ne f the study’s c-authrs. “S, we d nt want t frget, f curse, in all f this that individual speech cmmunities have their wn histries and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result f cruel clnial plicies, which have been designed t suppress (压制) languages. S, fr instance, in Australia peple were punished fr speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”
Researchers have said that as the wrld prepares fr the United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin, UNESCO, Decade f Native Language in 2022，their findings were a “vital reminder” that mre actin is needed t save at risk languages.
They have said that every language is “brilliant in its wn way” and a critical part f “ur human cultural diversity.”
16．Hw many living languages are there in the wrld?
A．7000.B．5500.C．1500.D．250.
17．Accrding t text, what leads t the disappearance f sme native languages?
A．Many languages are n lnger spken.
B．Sme native languages are spken by smaller grups.
C．Clnizatin and glbalizatin put them at risk.
D．Peple are nt willing t save at- risk languages.
18．What’s the present language situatin in Australia?
A．Mre than 250 First Natins languages are spken in Australia
B．Australia suffers frm ne f the mst language lsses in the wrld.
C．Only tw languages are being taught in Australia
D．40 languages are at risk in Australia
19．What is the best title f the text?
A．An Australian-led Research Was Published Friday
B．English Will Put Many Native Languages at Risk
C．Every Language Is Brilliant in Its Own Way
D．Australian Researchers Warn f Many Languages Endangered
（2023秋·云南昆明·高一统考期末）Language is a bridge that cnnects peple. April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Natins. On this day, peple arund the wrld celebrate the Chinese language. We invited tw Chinese learners t share their stries.
Alex Tani, UK, said that at the age f 13, he started taking Mandarin(普通话) classes at schl. “It was a subject that culd make the classrm deadly silent because hw difficult it was t learn. But when I arrived in China in March, 2021, I fund that learning the language culd be enjyable.” He added, “After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself.”
Jennifer Hlstein, a girl frm US, tld us, “Since I started learning Chinese at the age f 5, it has been part f my life. At the beginning, it was challenging. After six years f learning, I culd nt put a sentence tgether crrectly. But I never gave up. T imprve my Mandarin, I mved t Bejing and tk part in a special language prgram in a high schl. The schl day was busy. Each mrning we gt up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternn. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. When I had a gd cmmand f the language, pprtunities started presenting everywhere. And I knw my effrt was wrth it.”
20．What is the purpse f Chinese Language Day in the United Natins?
A．T cnnect peple arund the wrld.
B．T slve the language prblems effectively.
C．T have a celebratin fr the Chinese language.
D．T inspire Chinese learners t share their experience.
21．What des the underlined wrd “cnveying” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Warning.B．Lsing.C．Dressing.D．Expressing.
22．What can we knw abut tw Chinese learners?
A．Bth f the Chinese learners are frm UK.
B．The language envirnment is imprtant fr them.
C．Alex Tani learned Chinese in a special language prgram.
D．Jennifer Hlstein started learning Chinese at the age f 13.
23．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Chances Are fr Preparing Persns.
B．Singing Is Gd fr Chinese Learning.
C．Learning Chinese Benefits Peple a Lt.
D．Cmmunicatin Helps t Explre the United Natins.
（2023秋·江苏南通·高一统考期末）As yu prbably knw, leaning a freign language is smetimes challenging. But it can als be fun. We spend hundreds f hurs at schl trying t get ur tngues rund different vcabulary and grammar in rder t cam a qualificatin. But learning t speak a secnd language is mre than just passing an exam-it pens drs t new pprtunities, helps yu t cmmunicate with thers and makes travelling verseas mre satisfactry.
It might cme as a surprise that the number f teenagers learning freign languages in UK secndary schls has drpped by 45% since the turn f the millennium. German and French have fallen the mst—these languages frm tw f the UK’s clsest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Anther survey f secndary schls suggests a third f students have drpped at least ne language frm their GCSE exam ptins. There are sme reasns fr this, including many students` pinin that languages are difficult. Others have questined the need fr a secnd language when translatin technlgy is advancing.
Matthew Fell, chief UK plicy directr fr business grup the CBI, believes that “The decline in language learning in schls must be reversed, r else the UK will be less cmpetitive glbally and yung peple less prepared fr the mdem wrld. ”But even fr thse wh are eager t study anther language, the pprtunity is being reduced. In Sctland, fr example, freign language subjects are being pressed ut f many secndary schl timetables with sme head teachers blaming pressure n the curriculum.
Hwever, sme native English speakers have admitted the benefits f speaking anther tngue. Cassandra Sctt, frm Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at schl. She is nw a freelance translatr in Edinburgh, and says “Learning languages at schl really set the curse fr my career.”
24．Hw des the authr shw the fact that fewer peple have learned freign languages?
A．By shwing persnal research.B．By giving specific examples.
C．By analyzing underlying reasns.D．By ffering backgrund infrmatin.
25．What des the underlined wrd “reversed” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Develped rapidly.B．Pushed quickly.
C．Changed cmpletely.D．Maintained prperly.
26．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．A satisfactry verseas travel requires anther freign language.
B．Leaning languages at schl may cntribute t ne’s future career.
C．Native English speakers benefit mre frm speaking anther tngue.
D．With the translatin technlgy, there’s n need t lean freign languages.
27．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T criticize peple’s ignrance f freign languages.
B．T stress the significance f learning freign languages.
C．T shw the result f drpping learning freign languages.
D．T raise peple’s awareness f prtecting native languages.
（2023秋·广东肇庆·高一统考期末）Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; hwever, it seems t be especially difficult t master a freign tngue as we age.
When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre. Why is it easier fr kids t learn a new language? Children are relatively mre active, pen-minded and their language system is nt fixed, meaning it is less wrk fr them t pick up new things.
The gd news is that learning a language isn’t really that hard if yu’re pening yur mind. But it des take hard wrk and mtivatin t achieve yur gals.
It’s imprtant t remember what yu’re actually learning is hw t cmmunicate in a new way with ther human beings. If yu ften share yur daily experience with thers in that language, what yu’re learning is related t yu. Fr example, if I’m learning Italian, I wuld never remember hw t say “Dve e la bibliteca?” r “Where is the library?” but I will always remember hw t say “Ti piace il caffe?” r “D yu like sme cffee?”
In additin, TV shws, films and vide games in freign languages are all great frms f entertainment fr learning a new language. Anything that relates yu t the language and culture is great, s lng as yu find it enjyable.
Adding a single new wrd t yur vcabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The rad t fluency can be hard, but the view alng the way is really amazing, s it’s OK if yu are driving slwly.
28．What affects language learning accrding t the first tw paragraphs?
A．Mney.B．Age.C．Mind.D．Wrk.
29．What can we infer abut language learning frm paragraph 2?
A．Adults can pick up new things quickly.
B．Children have a fixed language system.
C．Adults find the new rules easy t remember.
D．Children utrun adults in language learning.
30．What is helpful fr learning a language accrding t paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．Using it in daily life.B．Playing vide games.
C．Ging t the library.D．Taking dwn its rules.
31．What may be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw t Build up Yur Vcabulary?
B．Language Learning: Chance r Challenge?
C．Why d Children Learn Faster Than Adults?
D．Is It t Late t Master a Freign Language?
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮拉哈人的语言特点，皮拉哈人几乎没有数字语言，挑战了现有语法理论。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Piraha, wh cmmunicate mainly thrugh sunds and whistles, have fascinated scientists fr years, mainly because they have almst n wrds fr numbers. They use nly three wrds t cunt ne, tw, and many. (皮拉哈人主要通过声音和口哨声进行交流，多年来一直吸引着科学家，主要是因为他们几乎没有数字语言。他们只用三个词来数一、二和许多。)”可知皮拉哈人几乎没有数字语言，即计数体系非常简单，对研究人员很有吸引力，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Everelt discvered a wrld withut numbers, withut time, withut wrds fr clrs, withut clauses and withut a past tense. Their language, he fund, was nt just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range f sunds and differed between the sexes. Fr the men, it has just 11 speech sunds; fr the wmen, it has nly 10, the smallest number f speech sunds in the wrld. (埃弗雷特发现了一个没有数字、没有时间、没有颜色、没有从句、没有过去时的世界。他发现，他们的语言不仅语法简单；它的声音范围有限，而且在两性之间也有所不同。对于男性来说，它只有11个语音；对于女性来说，它只有10个发音，是世界上最少的。) ” 根据埃弗雷特的发现，可知皮拉哈人很少使用语音。故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“The Piraha can’t write, have little cllective memry, and n cncept f decrative art. (皮拉哈人不会写字，没有什么集体记忆，也没有装饰艺术的概念。)”可知划线句意思是他们的文化同样受到限制。所以cnstrained意为“受限的”，和limited同义，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Piraha’s inability t cunt is imprtant because it seems t disprve Nam Chmsky’s influential Thery f Universal Grammar, which hlds that the human mind has a natural ability fr language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children t understand abstract (抽象的) cncepts such as number. (皮拉哈人不会数数是很重要的，因为它似乎反驳了诺姆·乔姆斯基（Nam Chmsky）颇有影响力的普遍语法理论。该理论认为，人类的大脑有一种天生的语言能力，所有的语言都有一个基本的规则结构，这使得孩子们能够理解抽象的概念，比如数字。)”可推断出皮拉哈人不会数数挑战了现有的语法理论。故选B。
5．D 6．B 7．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了网络上最好的词典，它们的独特之处以及它们的优缺点。
5．细节理解题。Cllins Dictinary部分提到“Hwever, it desn’t feature urban wrds and that the translatr mde desn’t always give crrect translatins.”（然而，它并不以城市词为特征，译者模式并不总是给出正确的翻译。）由此判断，因为柯林斯词典一些不正确的翻译，因此可能导致用户有意见。故选D。
6．细节理解题。Urban Dictinary部分提到“Althugh it desn’t cme handy fr schlars, it can help yu understand slang r urban wrds yu cme acrss arund the web.”（虽然它对学者来说不方便，但它可以帮助你理解你在网上遇到的俚语或城市词汇。）由此判断，城市词典可以进行俚语的查询。故选B。
7．推理判断题。Oxfrd Dictinary部分提到“It is the ideal (最合适的) dictinary t use when writing a research paper, but is smetimes criticized fr cmplex wrd definitins.”（它是撰写研究论文时使用的理想词典，但有时因复杂的单词定义而受到批评。）Cambridge Dictinary部分提到“This dictinary is anther highly respected nline dictinary fr fficial and academic purpses. ”（这本词典是另一本备受推崇的官方和学术在线词典。）由此判断，这两个词典它们对研究很有用。故选D。
8．D 9．B 10．B 11．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述尽管老师一再强调英语中习语的重要性，但作者并不在意，直到有一天作者与一位英国人聊天时，产生了语言理解上的误解。这才使作者明白习语的重要性。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims (习语), thugh my teacher stressed the imprtance again and again. But sn, the imprtance f English idims was shwn in an amusing experience. (一年前，我不注意英语成语，尽管我的老师一再强调它的重要性。但很快，英语习语的重要性在一次有趣的经历中得到了体现)”可知，一年前“我”不注意英语习语，是因为“我”没有意识到它的重要性。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中那个英国人说的话“It was magnificent.(它非常宏伟)”以及听“我”介绍长城时他说的“Yu dn’t say!(真的)”可知，他认为长城值得一游。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was puzzled. I thught, perhaps this is nt an apprpriate tpic.(我很困惑。我想，也许这不是一个合适的话题)”可知，一开始听到那个英国人说“Yu dn’t say!”时“我”以为他对这个话题不感兴趣，故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Only then did I realize I had made a fl f myself.(直到那时，我才意识到自己出了洋相)”可知，听完那个英国人的解释，“我”感觉自己出丑了。故选A。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者会讲爱尔兰语，这一点对他的研究来说起着非常重要的作用，他用自己的经历告诉我们，作为一名学者，懂得多门语言是非常重要的。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“I grew up speaking Irish in a small pcket f Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, Cunty Kerry, where the language is still relatively cmmn.(我是在爱尔兰凯里郡的巴林斯凯利斯的一个小地方说爱尔兰语长大的，在那里这种语言仍然相对普遍)”可知，在Kerry许多人讲爱尔兰语。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“They wanted t knw whether I wuld be interested in jining a current-affairs discussin, and highlighted the difficulty f finding peple with a strng backgrund in immunlgy wh spke Irish fluently.(他们想知道我是否有兴趣参加一个时事讨论，并强调很难找到一个有着强大免疫学背景、能说流利爱尔兰语的人)”可知，这个爱尔兰语广播联系作者的目的是想知道作者是否有兴趣参加时事讨论。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“T mve beynd science and cmmunicate with the public, researchers must be able t speak the language f ur audience — which is nt always English.(为了超越科学并与公众交流，科学家必须能够说我们读者的语言——这并不总是英语)”可知，研究人员应该说大众的语言才能与公众对话。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Having peple at all levels f academia (学术界) wh speak multiple languages, including Irish and ther minrity languages, is imprtant in bringing science t the masses and can benefit ur scientific effrts.(拥有会说多种语言的各级学术界人士，包括爱尔兰语和其他少数民族语言，对于将科学带给大众，有利于我们的科学努力，是非常重要的)”再结合作者的经历，可推知，作者写这篇文章想要表达流利的第二语言可以促进科研者的研究。故选C。
16．A 17．C 18．B 19．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界上7000种公认语言中有1500种可能不再被使用。文章分析了导致本土语言消失原因以及语言多样性的重要性。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.(一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界上7000种公认语言中有1500种可能不再被使用)”可知，世界上现存的语言7000种。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““This has been an n-ging prcess thrugh clnizatin and glbalizatin,” said the University f Queensland’s prfessr Felicity Meakins, ne f the study’s c-authrs. “S, we d nt want t frget, f curse, in all f this that individual speech cmmunities have their wn histries and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result f cruel clnial plicies, which have been designed t suppress (压制) languages. S, fr instance, in Australia peple were punished fr speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”( 该研究的合著者之一、昆士兰大学教授Felicity Meakins说：“这是一个持续的过程，经历了殖民和全球化。”“因此，我们当然不想忘记，在所有这一切中，每个语言社区都有自己的历史和经历，在包括澳大利亚在内的许多地方，由于残酷的殖民政策，语言被压制，这些政策旨在压制语言。例如，在澳大利亚，人们因为说他们的语言而受到惩罚，这些经历真的很痛苦。”)”可知，殖民化和全球化使本土语言处于危险之中。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第五段“Experts have said Australia’s recrd is pr, and the cuntry has ne f wrld’s highest rates f language lss wrldwide.(专家表示，澳大利亚的记录很差，该国是世界上语言失失率最高的国家之一)”可知，澳大利亚目前是世界上语言流失最多的国家之一。故选B。
19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.(一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界上7000种公认语言中有1500种可能不再被使用)”结合文章分析了导致本土语言消失原因以及语言多样性的重要性。可知，D选项“澳大利亚研究人员警告许多语言濒临灭绝”最符合文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选D。
20．C 21．D 22．B 23．C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍在4月20日联合国中文日这一天，两位汉语学习者分享了他们学习汉语的故事，表明学习汉语有很多好处。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段“April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Natins. On this day, peple arund the wrld celebrate the Chinese language. (4月20日是联合国中文日。在这一天，世界各地的人们都在庆祝汉语。)”可知，制定联合国中文日是为了庆祝汉语。故选C。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段“After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和当地人住在一起。作为一名语言爱好者，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我们日常生活的细节。有时我们还会一起去KTV，在那里学习。当我和以汉语为母语的人一起唱歌时，歌声响起。这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也是在cnveying自己。)”可知，这里是描述作者和当地人用汉语交流，所以cnveying的意思应该是“表达”，和选项D意思一致。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段“After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和当地人住在一起。作为一名语言爱好者，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我们日常生活的细节。有时我们还会一起去KTV，在那里学习。当我和以汉语为母语的人一起唱歌时，歌声响起。这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也是在表达我自己。)”和第三段“T imprve my Mandarin, I mved t Bejing and tk part in a special language prgram in a high schl. The schl day was busy. Each mrning we gt up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternn. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. (为了提高我的普通话，我搬到了北京，参加了一所高中的一个特殊语言项目。学校一天很忙。每天早上我们6:30起床，下午5点15结束上课。我们参加了听、说、读和写课程。甚至体育课和音乐课都用普通话授课。渐渐地，我的普通话学得很好。)”可知，语言学习环境很重要。故选B。
23．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也是在表达我自己。)”和第三段“When I had a gd cmmand f the language, pprtunities started presenting everywhere. And I knw my effrt was wrth it. (当我掌握了很好的语言后，机会开始无处不在。我知道我的努力是值得的。)”可知，这篇文章利用两个例子来表明学习汉语有很多好处。故选C。
24．B 25．C 26．C 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对学外语的人数下降，强调学习外语的重要性。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It might cme as a surprise that the number f teenagers learning freign languages in UK secndary schls has drpped by 45% since the turn f the millennium. German and French have fallen the mst—these languages frm tw f the UK’s clsest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Anther survey f secndary schls suggests a third f students have drpped at least ne language frm their GCSE exam ptins.（自世纪之交以来，在英国中学学习外语的青少年人数下降了45%，这可能会让人感到惊讶。德语和法语的下降幅度最大——这两门来自英国最亲密贸易伙伴的语言在普通中等教育证书水平上都有所下降。另一项针对中学的调查显示，三分之一的学生在GCSE考试中至少放弃了一门语言。）”可知，作者通过“举例”说明学习外语的人越来越少的事实。故选B。
25．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“r else the UK will be less cmpetitive glbally and yung peple less prepared fr the mdem wrld.（否则，英国在全球的竞争力就会下降，并且年轻人也不会为现代世界做好准备。）”可知，划线词的意思是目前状况（学习外语的人越来越少）要“彻底改变”。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hwever, sme native English speakers have admitted the benefits f speaking anther tngue.（然而，一些以英语为母语的人承认从说另一种语言中受益良多。）”可知，从本文获知“以英语为母语的人从说另一种语言中获益更多。”故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“But learning t speak a secnd language is mre than just passing an exam-it pens drs t new pprtunities, helps yu t cmmunicate with thers and makes travelling verseas mre satisfactry.（但是学习说第二语言不仅仅是通过考试——它为你打开了通往新机会的大门，帮助你与他人交流，让你在海外旅行更加满意。）”可知，本文目的是为了强调学习外语的重要性。故选B。
28．B 29．D 30．A 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成年人学习新语言困难的原因，并就成年人如何学习新语言提出了建议。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; hwever, it seems t be especially difficult t master a freign tngue as we age.”（学习一门新语言在任何年龄都是一个巨大的挑战；然而，随着年龄的增长，掌握一门外语似乎变得尤为困难）和第二段的前三句“When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre.”（当我们长大的时候，我们在脑海中建立了一个语言系统，使我们能够自由地交流。然而，如果我们在年轻后开始学习一门新语言，我们就会在我们的头脑中添加一套新的规则。这就是为什么我们发现学习一门新语言很难的原因——当我们不再年轻的时候，我们还在建立一个新的语言系统）可知，年龄会影响语言的学习。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据文章的第二段“When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre. Why is it easier fr kids t learn a new language? Children are relatively mre active, pen-minded and their language system is nt fixed, meaning it is less wrk fr them t pick up new things.”（当我们长大的时候，我们在脑海中建立了一个语言系统，使我们能够自由地交流。然而，如果我们在年轻后开始学习一门新语言，我们就会在我们的头脑中添加一套新的规则。这就是为什么我们发现学习一门新语言很难的原因——当我们不再年轻的时候，我们正在建立一个新的语言系统。为什么孩子们更容易学习一门新语言? 孩子们相对更活跃，思想更开放，他们的语言系统也不是固定的，这意味着他们学习新事物的工作量更少）可知，成年人学习一门新语言很难，而孩子学习一门新语言就比较容易。由此可推论出，在学习语言方面，孩子是胜过成年人的。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中“If yu ften share yur daily experience with thers in that language, what yu’re learning is related t yu.”（如果你经常用那种语言和别人分享你的日常经历，那么你所学的东西就是和你有关的。）和第五段“In additin, TV shws, films and vide games in freign languages are all great frms f entertainment fr learning a new language. Anything that relates yu t the language and culture is great, s lng as yu find it enjyable.”（此外，外语电视节目、电影和电子游戏都是学习一门新语言的很好的娱乐形式。只要你觉得有趣，任何与语言和文化相关的事情都很好）可知，在日常生活中使用所学习的语言，这对学习语言有帮助。故选A项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Adding a single new wrd t yur vcabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The rad t fluency can be hard, but the view alng the way is really amazing, s it’s OK if yu are driving slwly.”（通往流畅的道路可能很艰难，但是沿途的景色真的很美，所以如果你开得很慢也没关系。）可知，文章分析了成年人学习新语言困难的原因，并就成年人如何学习新语言提出了建议，作者指出成年人学习语言，通往流利的道路可能很难，但沿途的景色真的很迷人，所以如果你学得慢一点也没关系，并且永远也不会晚。所以用D项“Is It t Late t Master a Freign Language? (掌握一门外语是否为时已晚？)”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选D项。
We knw abut the Piraha thanks t Prfessr Dan Everelt, wh spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everelt discvered a wrld withut numbers, withut time, withut wrds fr clrs, withut clauses and withut a past tense. Their language, he fund, was nt just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range f sunds and differed between the sexes. Fr the men, it has just 11 speech sunds; fr the wmen, it has nly 10, the smallest number f speech sunds in the wrld. The language sunds mre like humming than speech. The Piraha can als whistle their language, which is hw men cmmunicate when hunting.
Their culture is similarly cnstrained. The Piraha can’t write, have little cllective memry, and n cncept f decrative art. In 1980 Everelt tried t teach them t cunt, he explained basic cunting skills t an enthusiastic grup fnd f learning them t trade with ther tribes. After eight mnths, nt ne culd cunt t ten; even ne plus ne was beynd them. The experiment seemed t cnfirm Everelt’s thery: the tribe just culdn’t understand the cncept f number.
The Piraha’s inability t cunt is imprtant because it seems t disprve Nam Chmsky’s influential Thery f Universal Grammar, which hlds that the human mind has a natural ability fr language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children t understand abstract (抽象的) cncepts such as number. One f Chmsky’s wrkmates has recently gne n an expeditin (远征) t study the tribe. We d nt yet knw if the Piraha have persuaded him t change his thery.
1．What’s the Piraha’s majr attractin t researchers?
A．A well-preserved lifestyle.
B．A small existing ppulatin.
C．A unique cmmunicative way.
D．An extremely simple cunting system.
2．What can we learn abut the Piraha accrding t Everelt’ s findings?
A．They use few speech sunds.
B．Wmen speak less than men.
C．Their grammar is cmplicated.
D．They cmmunicate nly by whistling.
3．What des the underlined wrd “cnstrained” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．StrangeB．AttractiveC．LimitedD．Respectable
4．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Findings abut the Piraha help us knw mre abut human mind.
B．The Piraha’s inability t cunt challenges an existing thery f grammar.
C．A researcher is making an explratin t study the Piraha’s cunting ability.
D．Languages have a similar structure s we can understand abstract cncepts.
（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）Online dictinaries have becme part f the writing and reading culture. Cnsidering that there are several f them, yu need t knw what dictinary t use in different situatins. The fllwing gives yu a detailed utlk f the best dictinaries n the web, their unique features, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Cllins Dictinary
Featuring ver 4.5 billin wrds, it is ne f the best platfrms fr learners and teachers. Its search engine enables yu t select the wrd by just typing a few letters. Hwever, it desn’t feature urban wrds and that the translatr mde desn’t always give crrect translatins.
Urban Dictinary
Urban dictinary is an nline platfrm where yu can find urban wrds r slang expressins. Althugh it desn’t cme handy fr schlars, it can help yu understand slang r urban wrds yu cme acrss arund the web. Yu smetimes have t d many searches t get desired results.
Oxfrd Dictinary
Knwn as the best tl fr students and learners, it helps define wrds bth in British and American English. Fr clearer understanding, Oxfrd dictinary ffers pictures, example sentences, and audi prnunciatin, amng thers. It is the ideal (最合适的) dictinary t use when writing a research paper, but is smetimes criticized fr cmplex wrd definitins.
Cambridge Dictinary
This dictinary is anther highly respected nline dictinary fr fficial and academic purpses. It has three utstanding features which are dictinary, grammar, and translatr. The dictinary supprts translatin fr ver 20 languages. Smetimes yu may meet lts f infrmatin that might make it hard t get desired results.
5．What makes users dissatisfied with Cllins Dictinary?
A．Outdated wrds.B．A small vcabulary.
C．Frequent searches.D．Sme bad translatins.
6．Which dictinary features slangs?
A．Cllins Dictinary.B．Urban Dictinary.
C．Oxfrd Dictinary.D．Cambridge Dictinary.
7．What d Oxfrd Dictinary and Cambridge Dictinary have in cmmn?
A．They present a lt f pictures.B．They prvide varius translatins.
C．They define wrds in a cmplex way.D．They are useful fr research purpses.
（2023秋·贵州黔西·高一统考期末）A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims (习语), thugh my teacher stressed the imprtance again and again. But sn, the imprtance f English idims was shwn in an amusing experience.
One day, I happened t meet an Englishman n the rad, and sn we began t talk. As I was talking abut hw I was studying English, the freigner seemed t be astnished.
Gently shaking his head, shrugging his shulders, he said, “Yu dn’t say!” I was puzzled. I thught, perhaps this is nt an apprpriate tpic. “Well, I’d better change the tpic.” S I said t him. “Well, shall we talk abut the Great Wall? By the way, have yu ever been there?” “Certainly, everyne back hme will laugh at me if I leave China withut seeing it. It was magnificent.” He was deep in thught when I began t talk like a turist guide. “The Great Wall is ne f the wnders in the wrld. We are very prud f it.” Sn I was interrupted again by his wrds: “Yu dn’t say!”. I culdn’t help asking, “Why d yu ask me nt t talk abut it?”
“Well, I didn’t request yu t d s,” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn’t yu say ‘yu dn’t say’?” Hearing this, the Englishman laughed t tears. He began t explain, “‘Yu dn’t say!’ actually means ‘Really!’. It is an expressin f surprise. Perhaps yu dn’t pay attentin t English idims.”
Only then did I realize I had made a fl f mysell. Since then I have been mre careful with idimatic expressins. Remember: What the English teachers said is always right t us students.
8．A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims because________.
A．English idims were nt imprtant
B．my teacher didn’t emphasize the imprtance f them
C．I had n interest in them
D．I didn’t realize the imprtance f English idims
9．What can we infer frm the secnd paragraph?
A．The Englishman left China withut seeing the Great Wall.
B．The Englishman thught the Great Wall is wrth visiting.
C．The Englishman wanted t see the Great Wall after I talked abut it.
D．The Englishman wanted me t act as his guide.
10．At first, n hearing “Yu dn’t say!” I thught the freigner meant ________.
A．he was nly interested in the Great Wall
B．he was nt interested in the tpic
C．I had talked t much
D．I had t stp talking
11．After the Englishman explained the idim, ________.
A．I felt very flish
B．I thught the Englishman had made me a fl
C．the Englishman became a real fl
D．I became mre carefully in everything
（2023秋·广西河池·高一统考期末）In Ireland, where I am studying fr a PhD in immunlgy (免疫学) at Trinity Cllege Dublin, we have tw fficial languages. Irish is the first and natinal language, English the secnd. I grew up speaking Irish in a small pcket f Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, Cunty Kerry, where the language is still relatively cmmn. Much t my surprise, I have fund a practical use fr it during my PhD prgramme.
In December last year, I was cntacted by prducers at the natinal Irish-language radi statin. They wanted t knw whether I wuld be interested in jining a current-affairs discussin, and highlighted the difficulty f finding peple with a strng backgrund in immunlgy wh spke Irish fluently.
I have since been a guest n the shw several times. It wasn’t until I was asked t d the radi prgramme that I realized hw imprtant it is t have smene wh can speak Irish and cmmunicate effectively. I began t see a benefit in having a platfrm fr talking abut the science that I lve, while getting the chance t cnvey (传达) imprtant infrmatin t peple wh might nt therwise have access t it in English.
Nt nly has Irish been useful fr engagement in a brader sense, but it has als directly helped me with my PhD prgramme.
T mve beynd science and cmmunicate with the public, researchers must be able t speak the language f ur audience — which is nt always English. Science needs t reflect the linguistic diversity (语言多样性) f the general ppulatin. Having peple at all levels f academia (学术界) wh speak multiple languages, including Irish and ther minrity languages, is imprtant in bringing science t the masses and can benefit ur scientific effrts.
12．What can we knw abut Cunty Kerry?
A．The authr is studying fr a PhD there.B．The authr stays there mst f the time.
C．Many peple speak Irish there.D．Irish is the fficial language there.
13．Why did a radi statin cntact the authr?
A．It wanted him t participate in a prgramme.B．It wanted t find a persn speaking Irish.
C．It wanted him t intrduce immunlgy.D．It wanted him t attract mre Irish peple.
14．What shuld researchers d t talk t the public?
A．Mve beynd science.B．Speak Irish fluently.
C．Knw English very well.D．Speak the public’s languages.
15．What des the authr intend t shw by writing the text?
A．Studying immunlgy is very meaningful.
B．Speaking English fluently is very imprtant.
C．Being fluent in a secnd language bsts research.
D．The experience in radi prgramme is unfrgettable.
（2023秋·河北保定·高一统考期末）An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.
The research, published Friday in the jurnal Nature Eclgy and Evlutin, details a wide range f factrs (因素) putting endangered languages under pressure.
Australian researchers have fund that as rads increasingly cnnect cities t mre remte areas arund the wrld, native languages can be replaced by their mre majr cunterparts (对手), such as English.
The study als claims that majr languages have been fund t take the place f thse spken by smaller grups.
Experts have said Australia’s recrd is pr, and the cuntry has ne f wrld’s highest rates f language lss wrldwide.
Befre Eurpean clnizatin (殖民地化), mre than 250 First Natins languages were spken in Australia. Tday, there are just 40, and nly a dzen is being taught t children.
“This has been an n-ging prcess thrugh clnizatin and glbalizatin,” said the University f Queensland’s prfessr Felicity Meakins, ne f the study’s c-authrs. “S, we d nt want t frget, f curse, in all f this that individual speech cmmunities have their wn histries and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result f cruel clnial plicies, which have been designed t suppress (压制) languages. S, fr instance, in Australia peple were punished fr speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”
Researchers have said that as the wrld prepares fr the United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin, UNESCO, Decade f Native Language in 2022，their findings were a “vital reminder” that mre actin is needed t save at risk languages.
They have said that every language is “brilliant in its wn way” and a critical part f “ur human cultural diversity.”
16．Hw many living languages are there in the wrld?
A．7000.B．5500.C．1500.D．250.
17．Accrding t text, what leads t the disappearance f sme native languages?
A．Many languages are n lnger spken.
B．Sme native languages are spken by smaller grups.
C．Clnizatin and glbalizatin put them at risk.
D．Peple are nt willing t save at- risk languages.
18．What’s the present language situatin in Australia?
A．Mre than 250 First Natins languages are spken in Australia
B．Australia suffers frm ne f the mst language lsses in the wrld.
C．Only tw languages are being taught in Australia
D．40 languages are at risk in Australia
19．What is the best title f the text?
A．An Australian-led Research Was Published Friday
B．English Will Put Many Native Languages at Risk
C．Every Language Is Brilliant in Its Own Way
D．Australian Researchers Warn f Many Languages Endangered
（2023秋·云南昆明·高一统考期末）Language is a bridge that cnnects peple. April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Natins. On this day, peple arund the wrld celebrate the Chinese language. We invited tw Chinese learners t share their stries.
Alex Tani, UK, said that at the age f 13, he started taking Mandarin(普通话) classes at schl. “It was a subject that culd make the classrm deadly silent because hw difficult it was t learn. But when I arrived in China in March, 2021, I fund that learning the language culd be enjyable.” He added, “After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself.”
Jennifer Hlstein, a girl frm US, tld us, “Since I started learning Chinese at the age f 5, it has been part f my life. At the beginning, it was challenging. After six years f learning, I culd nt put a sentence tgether crrectly. But I never gave up. T imprve my Mandarin, I mved t Bejing and tk part in a special language prgram in a high schl. The schl day was busy. Each mrning we gt up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternn. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. When I had a gd cmmand f the language, pprtunities started presenting everywhere. And I knw my effrt was wrth it.”
20．What is the purpse f Chinese Language Day in the United Natins?
A．T cnnect peple arund the wrld.
B．T slve the language prblems effectively.
C．T have a celebratin fr the Chinese language.
D．T inspire Chinese learners t share their experience.
21．What des the underlined wrd “cnveying” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Warning.B．Lsing.C．Dressing.D．Expressing.
22．What can we knw abut tw Chinese learners?
A．Bth f the Chinese learners are frm UK.
B．The language envirnment is imprtant fr them.
C．Alex Tani learned Chinese in a special language prgram.
D．Jennifer Hlstein started learning Chinese at the age f 13.
23．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Chances Are fr Preparing Persns.
B．Singing Is Gd fr Chinese Learning.
C．Learning Chinese Benefits Peple a Lt.
D．Cmmunicatin Helps t Explre the United Natins.
（2023秋·江苏南通·高一统考期末）As yu prbably knw, leaning a freign language is smetimes challenging. But it can als be fun. We spend hundreds f hurs at schl trying t get ur tngues rund different vcabulary and grammar in rder t cam a qualificatin. But learning t speak a secnd language is mre than just passing an exam-it pens drs t new pprtunities, helps yu t cmmunicate with thers and makes travelling verseas mre satisfactry.
It might cme as a surprise that the number f teenagers learning freign languages in UK secndary schls has drpped by 45% since the turn f the millennium. German and French have fallen the mst—these languages frm tw f the UK’s clsest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Anther survey f secndary schls suggests a third f students have drpped at least ne language frm their GCSE exam ptins. There are sme reasns fr this, including many students` pinin that languages are difficult. Others have questined the need fr a secnd language when translatin technlgy is advancing.
Matthew Fell, chief UK plicy directr fr business grup the CBI, believes that “The decline in language learning in schls must be reversed, r else the UK will be less cmpetitive glbally and yung peple less prepared fr the mdem wrld. ”But even fr thse wh are eager t study anther language, the pprtunity is being reduced. In Sctland, fr example, freign language subjects are being pressed ut f many secndary schl timetables with sme head teachers blaming pressure n the curriculum.
Hwever, sme native English speakers have admitted the benefits f speaking anther tngue. Cassandra Sctt, frm Edinburgh, studied three languages in her final year at schl. She is nw a freelance translatr in Edinburgh, and says “Learning languages at schl really set the curse fr my career.”
24．Hw des the authr shw the fact that fewer peple have learned freign languages?
A．By shwing persnal research.B．By giving specific examples.
C．By analyzing underlying reasns.D．By ffering backgrund infrmatin.
25．What des the underlined wrd “reversed” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Develped rapidly.B．Pushed quickly.
C．Changed cmpletely.D．Maintained prperly.
26．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．A satisfactry verseas travel requires anther freign language.
B．Leaning languages at schl may cntribute t ne’s future career.
C．Native English speakers benefit mre frm speaking anther tngue.
D．With the translatin technlgy, there’s n need t lean freign languages.
27．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T criticize peple’s ignrance f freign languages.
B．T stress the significance f learning freign languages.
C．T shw the result f drpping learning freign languages.
D．T raise peple’s awareness f prtecting native languages.
（2023秋·广东肇庆·高一统考期末）Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; hwever, it seems t be especially difficult t master a freign tngue as we age.
When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre. Why is it easier fr kids t learn a new language? Children are relatively mre active, pen-minded and their language system is nt fixed, meaning it is less wrk fr them t pick up new things.
The gd news is that learning a language isn’t really that hard if yu’re pening yur mind. But it des take hard wrk and mtivatin t achieve yur gals.
It’s imprtant t remember what yu’re actually learning is hw t cmmunicate in a new way with ther human beings. If yu ften share yur daily experience with thers in that language, what yu’re learning is related t yu. Fr example, if I’m learning Italian, I wuld never remember hw t say “Dve e la bibliteca?” r “Where is the library?” but I will always remember hw t say “Ti piace il caffe?” r “D yu like sme cffee?”
In additin, TV shws, films and vide games in freign languages are all great frms f entertainment fr learning a new language. Anything that relates yu t the language and culture is great, s lng as yu find it enjyable.
Adding a single new wrd t yur vcabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The rad t fluency can be hard, but the view alng the way is really amazing, s it’s OK if yu are driving slwly.
28．What affects language learning accrding t the first tw paragraphs?
A．Mney.B．Age.C．Mind.D．Wrk.
29．What can we infer abut language learning frm paragraph 2?
A．Adults can pick up new things quickly.
B．Children have a fixed language system.
C．Adults find the new rules easy t remember.
D．Children utrun adults in language learning.
30．What is helpful fr learning a language accrding t paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．Using it in daily life.B．Playing vide games.
C．Ging t the library.D．Taking dwn its rules.
31．What may be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw t Build up Yur Vcabulary?
B．Language Learning: Chance r Challenge?
C．Why d Children Learn Faster Than Adults?
D．Is It t Late t Master a Freign Language?
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了皮拉哈人的语言特点，皮拉哈人几乎没有数字语言，挑战了现有语法理论。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Piraha, wh cmmunicate mainly thrugh sunds and whistles, have fascinated scientists fr years, mainly because they have almst n wrds fr numbers. They use nly three wrds t cunt ne, tw, and many. (皮拉哈人主要通过声音和口哨声进行交流，多年来一直吸引着科学家，主要是因为他们几乎没有数字语言。他们只用三个词来数一、二和许多。)”可知皮拉哈人几乎没有数字语言，即计数体系非常简单，对研究人员很有吸引力，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Everelt discvered a wrld withut numbers, withut time, withut wrds fr clrs, withut clauses and withut a past tense. Their language, he fund, was nt just simple grammatically; it was limited in its range f sunds and differed between the sexes. Fr the men, it has just 11 speech sunds; fr the wmen, it has nly 10, the smallest number f speech sunds in the wrld. (埃弗雷特发现了一个没有数字、没有时间、没有颜色、没有从句、没有过去时的世界。他发现，他们的语言不仅语法简单；它的声音范围有限，而且在两性之间也有所不同。对于男性来说，它只有11个语音；对于女性来说，它只有10个发音，是世界上最少的。) ” 根据埃弗雷特的发现，可知皮拉哈人很少使用语音。故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“The Piraha can’t write, have little cllective memry, and n cncept f decrative art. (皮拉哈人不会写字，没有什么集体记忆，也没有装饰艺术的概念。)”可知划线句意思是他们的文化同样受到限制。所以cnstrained意为“受限的”，和limited同义，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Piraha’s inability t cunt is imprtant because it seems t disprve Nam Chmsky’s influential Thery f Universal Grammar, which hlds that the human mind has a natural ability fr language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children t understand abstract (抽象的) cncepts such as number. (皮拉哈人不会数数是很重要的，因为它似乎反驳了诺姆·乔姆斯基（Nam Chmsky）颇有影响力的普遍语法理论。该理论认为，人类的大脑有一种天生的语言能力，所有的语言都有一个基本的规则结构，这使得孩子们能够理解抽象的概念，比如数字。)”可推断出皮拉哈人不会数数挑战了现有的语法理论。故选B。
5．D 6．B 7．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了网络上最好的词典，它们的独特之处以及它们的优缺点。
5．细节理解题。Cllins Dictinary部分提到“Hwever, it desn’t feature urban wrds and that the translatr mde desn’t always give crrect translatins.”（然而，它并不以城市词为特征，译者模式并不总是给出正确的翻译。）由此判断，因为柯林斯词典一些不正确的翻译，因此可能导致用户有意见。故选D。
6．细节理解题。Urban Dictinary部分提到“Althugh it desn’t cme handy fr schlars, it can help yu understand slang r urban wrds yu cme acrss arund the web.”（虽然它对学者来说不方便，但它可以帮助你理解你在网上遇到的俚语或城市词汇。）由此判断，城市词典可以进行俚语的查询。故选B。
7．推理判断题。Oxfrd Dictinary部分提到“It is the ideal (最合适的) dictinary t use when writing a research paper, but is smetimes criticized fr cmplex wrd definitins.”（它是撰写研究论文时使用的理想词典，但有时因复杂的单词定义而受到批评。）Cambridge Dictinary部分提到“This dictinary is anther highly respected nline dictinary fr fficial and academic purpses. ”（这本词典是另一本备受推崇的官方和学术在线词典。）由此判断，这两个词典它们对研究很有用。故选D。
8．D 9．B 10．B 11．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述尽管老师一再强调英语中习语的重要性，但作者并不在意，直到有一天作者与一位英国人聊天时，产生了语言理解上的误解。这才使作者明白习语的重要性。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A year ag, I paid n attentin t English idims (习语), thugh my teacher stressed the imprtance again and again. But sn, the imprtance f English idims was shwn in an amusing experience. (一年前，我不注意英语成语，尽管我的老师一再强调它的重要性。但很快，英语习语的重要性在一次有趣的经历中得到了体现)”可知，一年前“我”不注意英语习语，是因为“我”没有意识到它的重要性。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中那个英国人说的话“It was magnificent.(它非常宏伟)”以及听“我”介绍长城时他说的“Yu dn’t say!(真的)”可知，他认为长城值得一游。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I was puzzled. I thught, perhaps this is nt an apprpriate tpic.(我很困惑。我想，也许这不是一个合适的话题)”可知，一开始听到那个英国人说“Yu dn’t say!”时“我”以为他对这个话题不感兴趣，故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Only then did I realize I had made a fl f myself.(直到那时，我才意识到自己出了洋相)”可知，听完那个英国人的解释，“我”感觉自己出丑了。故选A。
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者会讲爱尔兰语，这一点对他的研究来说起着非常重要的作用，他用自己的经历告诉我们，作为一名学者，懂得多门语言是非常重要的。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“I grew up speaking Irish in a small pcket f Ireland, in Ballinskelligs, Cunty Kerry, where the language is still relatively cmmn.(我是在爱尔兰凯里郡的巴林斯凯利斯的一个小地方说爱尔兰语长大的，在那里这种语言仍然相对普遍)”可知，在Kerry许多人讲爱尔兰语。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“They wanted t knw whether I wuld be interested in jining a current-affairs discussin, and highlighted the difficulty f finding peple with a strng backgrund in immunlgy wh spke Irish fluently.(他们想知道我是否有兴趣参加一个时事讨论，并强调很难找到一个有着强大免疫学背景、能说流利爱尔兰语的人)”可知，这个爱尔兰语广播联系作者的目的是想知道作者是否有兴趣参加时事讨论。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“T mve beynd science and cmmunicate with the public, researchers must be able t speak the language f ur audience — which is nt always English.(为了超越科学并与公众交流，科学家必须能够说我们读者的语言——这并不总是英语)”可知，研究人员应该说大众的语言才能与公众对话。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Having peple at all levels f academia (学术界) wh speak multiple languages, including Irish and ther minrity languages, is imprtant in bringing science t the masses and can benefit ur scientific effrts.(拥有会说多种语言的各级学术界人士，包括爱尔兰语和其他少数民族语言，对于将科学带给大众，有利于我们的科学努力，是非常重要的)”再结合作者的经历，可推知，作者写这篇文章想要表达流利的第二语言可以促进科研者的研究。故选C。
16．A 17．C 18．B 19．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界上7000种公认语言中有1500种可能不再被使用。文章分析了导致本土语言消失原因以及语言多样性的重要性。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.(一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界上7000种公认语言中有1500种可能不再被使用)”可知，世界上现存的语言7000种。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““This has been an n-ging prcess thrugh clnizatin and glbalizatin,” said the University f Queensland’s prfessr Felicity Meakins, ne f the study’s c-authrs. “S, we d nt want t frget, f curse, in all f this that individual speech cmmunities have their wn histries and experiences, and in many places, including Australia, languages have been silenced as the result f cruel clnial plicies, which have been designed t suppress (压制) languages. S, fr instance, in Australia peple were punished fr speaking their language and these experiences were really painful.”( 该研究的合著者之一、昆士兰大学教授Felicity Meakins说：“这是一个持续的过程，经历了殖民和全球化。”“因此，我们当然不想忘记，在所有这一切中，每个语言社区都有自己的历史和经历，在包括澳大利亚在内的许多地方，由于残酷的殖民政策，语言被压制，这些政策旨在压制语言。例如，在澳大利亚，人们因为说他们的语言而受到惩罚，这些经历真的很痛苦。”)”可知，殖民化和全球化使本土语言处于危险之中。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第五段“Experts have said Australia’s recrd is pr, and the cuntry has ne f wrld’s highest rates f language lss wrldwide.(专家表示，澳大利亚的记录很差，该国是世界上语言失失率最高的国家之一)”可知，澳大利亚目前是世界上语言流失最多的国家之一。故选B。
19．主旨大意题。根据第一段“An Australian-led study warns that 1,500 f the wrld’s 7,000 recgnized languages might n lnger be spken by the end f this century.(一项由澳大利亚主导的研究警告说，到本世纪末，世界上7000种公认语言中有1500种可能不再被使用)”结合文章分析了导致本土语言消失原因以及语言多样性的重要性。可知，D选项“澳大利亚研究人员警告许多语言濒临灭绝”最符合文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选D。
20．C 21．D 22．B 23．C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍在4月20日联合国中文日这一天，两位汉语学习者分享了他们学习汉语的故事，表明学习汉语有很多好处。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段“April 20 marks Chinese Language Day in the United Natins. On this day, peple arund the wrld celebrate the Chinese language. (4月20日是联合国中文日。在这一天，世界各地的人们都在庆祝汉语。)”可知，制定联合国中文日是为了庆祝汉语。故选C。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段“After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和当地人住在一起。作为一名语言爱好者，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我们日常生活的细节。有时我们还会一起去KTV，在那里学习。当我和以汉语为母语的人一起唱歌时，歌声响起。这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也是在cnveying自己。)”可知，这里是描述作者和当地人用汉语交流，所以cnveying的意思应该是“表达”，和选项D意思一致。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段“After I mved t Beijing, I lived with the lcals. As a language lver, I wuld try t chat with them in Chinese, sharing details abut ur daily lives. Smetimes we wuld als gt t KTV tgether, where the learning tk place. As I sang with native Chinese speakers, it finally began t click. This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (搬到北京后，我和当地人住在一起。作为一名语言爱好者，我会试着用中文和他们聊天，分享我们日常生活的细节。有时我们还会一起去KTV，在那里学习。当我和以汉语为母语的人一起唱歌时，歌声响起。这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也是在表达我自己。)”和第三段“T imprve my Mandarin, I mved t Bejing and tk part in a special language prgram in a high schl. The schl day was busy. Each mrning we gt up at 6:30 and classes ended at 5:15 in the afternn. We attended listening, speaking, reading and writing classes. Even gym and music classes were taught in Mandarin. Gradually I learned Mandarin quite well. (为了提高我的普通话，我搬到了北京，参加了一所高中的一个特殊语言项目。学校一天很忙。每天早上我们6:30起床，下午5点15结束上课。我们参加了听、说、读和写课程。甚至体育课和音乐课都用普通话授课。渐渐地，我的普通话学得很好。)”可知，语言学习环境很重要。故选B。
23．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This was an envirnment where I culd immerse(沉浸) myself in the Chinese language and culture while still cnveying myself. (这是一个我可以沉浸在中国语言和文化中的环境，同时也是在表达我自己。)”和第三段“When I had a gd cmmand f the language, pprtunities started presenting everywhere. And I knw my effrt was wrth it. (当我掌握了很好的语言后，机会开始无处不在。我知道我的努力是值得的。)”可知，这篇文章利用两个例子来表明学习汉语有很多好处。故选C。
24．B 25．C 26．C 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章针对学外语的人数下降，强调学习外语的重要性。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It might cme as a surprise that the number f teenagers learning freign languages in UK secndary schls has drpped by 45% since the turn f the millennium. German and French have fallen the mst—these languages frm tw f the UK’s clsest trading partners have declined at GCSE level. Anther survey f secndary schls suggests a third f students have drpped at least ne language frm their GCSE exam ptins.（自世纪之交以来，在英国中学学习外语的青少年人数下降了45%，这可能会让人感到惊讶。德语和法语的下降幅度最大——这两门来自英国最亲密贸易伙伴的语言在普通中等教育证书水平上都有所下降。另一项针对中学的调查显示，三分之一的学生在GCSE考试中至少放弃了一门语言。）”可知，作者通过“举例”说明学习外语的人越来越少的事实。故选B。
25．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“r else the UK will be less cmpetitive glbally and yung peple less prepared fr the mdem wrld.（否则，英国在全球的竞争力就会下降，并且年轻人也不会为现代世界做好准备。）”可知，划线词的意思是目前状况（学习外语的人越来越少）要“彻底改变”。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hwever, sme native English speakers have admitted the benefits f speaking anther tngue.（然而，一些以英语为母语的人承认从说另一种语言中受益良多。）”可知，从本文获知“以英语为母语的人从说另一种语言中获益更多。”故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“But learning t speak a secnd language is mre than just passing an exam-it pens drs t new pprtunities, helps yu t cmmunicate with thers and makes travelling verseas mre satisfactry.（但是学习说第二语言不仅仅是通过考试——它为你打开了通往新机会的大门，帮助你与他人交流，让你在海外旅行更加满意。）”可知，本文目的是为了强调学习外语的重要性。故选B。
28．B 29．D 30．A 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成年人学习新语言困难的原因，并就成年人如何学习新语言提出了建议。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Learning a new language can be a big challenge at any age; hwever, it seems t be especially difficult t master a freign tngue as we age.”（学习一门新语言在任何年龄都是一个巨大的挑战；然而，随着年龄的增长，掌握一门外语似乎变得尤为困难）和第二段的前三句“When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre.”（当我们长大的时候，我们在脑海中建立了一个语言系统，使我们能够自由地交流。然而，如果我们在年轻后开始学习一门新语言，我们就会在我们的头脑中添加一套新的规则。这就是为什么我们发现学习一门新语言很难的原因——当我们不再年轻的时候，我们还在建立一个新的语言系统）可知，年龄会影响语言的学习。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据文章的第二段“When we are grwing up, we are building a language system in ur mind, which allws us t cmmunicate freely. If we start a new language after yuth, hwever, we are adding a new set f rules t ur mind. That is why we find it difficult t learn a new language—we’re building a new speech system when we are nt yung any mre. Why is it easier fr kids t learn a new language? Children are relatively mre active, pen-minded and their language system is nt fixed, meaning it is less wrk fr them t pick up new things.”（当我们长大的时候，我们在脑海中建立了一个语言系统，使我们能够自由地交流。然而，如果我们在年轻后开始学习一门新语言，我们就会在我们的头脑中添加一套新的规则。这就是为什么我们发现学习一门新语言很难的原因——当我们不再年轻的时候，我们正在建立一个新的语言系统。为什么孩子们更容易学习一门新语言? 孩子们相对更活跃，思想更开放，他们的语言系统也不是固定的，这意味着他们学习新事物的工作量更少）可知，成年人学习一门新语言很难，而孩子学习一门新语言就比较容易。由此可推论出，在学习语言方面，孩子是胜过成年人的。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中“If yu ften share yur daily experience with thers in that language, what yu’re learning is related t yu.”（如果你经常用那种语言和别人分享你的日常经历，那么你所学的东西就是和你有关的。）和第五段“In additin, TV shws, films and vide games in freign languages are all great frms f entertainment fr learning a new language. Anything that relates yu t the language and culture is great, s lng as yu find it enjyable.”（此外，外语电视节目、电影和电子游戏都是学习一门新语言的很好的娱乐形式。只要你觉得有趣，任何与语言和文化相关的事情都很好）可知，在日常生活中使用所学习的语言，这对学习语言有帮助。故选A项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Adding a single new wrd t yur vcabulary can be interesting and rewarding. The rad t fluency can be hard, but the view alng the way is really amazing, s it’s OK if yu are driving slwly.”（通往流畅的道路可能很艰难，但是沿途的景色真的很美，所以如果你开得很慢也没关系。）可知，文章分析了成年人学习新语言困难的原因，并就成年人如何学习新语言提出了建议，作者指出成年人学习语言，通往流利的道路可能很难，但沿途的景色真的很迷人，所以如果你学得慢一点也没关系，并且永远也不会晚。所以用D项“Is It t Late t Master a Freign Language? (掌握一门外语是否为时已晚？)”作为本文的题目与文章主题相符合。故选D项。
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