山东省威海市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份山东省威海市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版），共24页。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the wman d tmrrw?
A. Dnate fr the charity. B. G n a charity walk. C. Visit the fld victims.
2. Hw much is the telephne bill this mnth?
A. $30. B. $100. C. $130.
3. What will the speakers prbably d next?
A. Turn ff the fan. B. Leave the ffice. C. Set ff the alarm.
4. Where des the cnversatin take place?
A. At a restaurant. B. In a hspital. C. Over the phne.
5. Why did the man wrk at the charity at first?
A. T help the hmeless. B. T d a cllege prject. C. T get wrk experience.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。
6. Hw lng has the man been in pain?
A. Fr five days. B. Fr ne week. C. Fr tw weeks.
7. Wh suggested the medicine t the man?
A. His friend. B. His dctr. C. His cach.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。
8. Where are the speakers nw?
A. In a café. B. In an ffice. C. In a classrm.
9. What des Jim d?
A. He is a lawyer. B. He is a teacher. C. He is an engineer.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。
10. Wh began t wrk after graduatin?
A. The wman’s brther. B. The wman’s mther. C. The wman’s father.
11. Where des the wman want t wrk?
A. At a junir schl. B. At a senir schl. C. At a university.
12. What des the man suggest the wman d?
A. Make a list f her ptins.
B. Ask her teacher fr advice.
C. Try t change her father’s mind.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。
13. Where was the wman when the man saw her?
A. On the highway. B. In the travel agency. C. On the street.
14. Why didn’t the wman bk nline?
A. T help her sister.
B. T save sme mney.
C. T get mre infrmatin.
15. What is the wman’s main cncern abut her trip?
A. The lng flight. B. The htel quality. C. The fd in Thailand.
16. What des the man ffer t d fr the wman?
A. Take care f her cats. B. Buy her a gift. C. Water her plants.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。
17. What seasn is it?
A. Summer. B. Fall. C. Winter.
18. What will the class d this afternn?
A. Visit the Sea Life Center.
B. Practice math and spelling.
C. Learn abut their science tpic.
19. Hw much will each student pay fr the trip?
A. £5.00. B. £10.00. C. £20.00.
20. What is the talk mainly abut?
A. A ntice abut a schl trip.
B. An intrductin t a new lessn.
C. A presentatin abut sea pllutin.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Hrses have always held a special place in the hearts f many famus artists. Let’s explre sme f the mst well-knwn paintings f hrses by famus artists.

Chinese Hrse at Lascaux Cave
This Chinese Hrse painting was first discvered in 1940 at the prehistric cave art sites, Lascaux, in France. The painting earned its name fr lking like the style f a Sung Chinese painting f a hrse. Early artists created their wn paintbrushes frm animal skin and hair and als emplyed a spray (喷洒) painting technique using a hllw (空心的) reed t blw pigment thrugh.

Whistlejacket
Whistlejacket depicts a life-sized racehrse against a plain backgrund. One f the mst unique features f this painting is that it des nt situate the hrse in any particular lcatin. Rather, it fcuses nly n the details and character f the hrse in questin. In a way, Stubbs captures the spirit f the hrse that suggests freedm f spirit, nt tied t any backgrund r envirnment, which makes this hrse painting quite special fr its time.

Hrse Frightened by Lightning
In Hrse Frightened by Lightning, a white hrse is frightened by the lightning, standing n its hind legs in a strm. The daring clr chices and detailed brushwrk captures the reactin f the animal with care, shwing panic and terrr. The unpleasant weather is highlighted by the strng cntrast created between the hrse and the dark black and gray cluds that cver the entire sky. The symblism fund in mst Rmantic hrse paintings includes themes f passin, pwer, nbility, and intense emtin.
1. What d we knw abut Chinese Hrse?
A. It emplyed clrs daringly.
B. It was painted n animal skins.
C. It was a Sung Chinese painting.
D. It used a spray painting apprach.
2. What theme is cmmnly fund in Rmantic hrse paintings?
A. Freedm f spirit.B. Strng emtin.
C. Cnnectin with animals.D. Pwer f nature.
3. Where might the text be taken frm?
A. An art magazine article.B. An art festival guide.
C. An art exhibitin pster.D. An art histry lecture.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马在许多著名艺术家的心中一直占有特殊的地位，文章重点介绍了一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Chinese Hrse at Lascaux Cave中“Early artists created their wn paintbrushes frm animal skin and hair and als emplyed a spray (喷洒) painting technique using a hllw (空心的) reed t blw pigment thrugh.”（早期的艺术家们用动物的皮肤和毛发制作了他们自己的画笔，也采用了一种用中空芦苇吹颜料的喷洒绘画技术。）可知，中国马画使用了一种喷洒的方法。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hrse Frightened by Lightning中“The symblism fund in mst Rmantic hrse paintings includes themes f passin, pwer, nbility, and intense emtin.”（在大多数浪漫主义的马画中发现的象征主义包括激情、权力、高贵和强烈的情感。）可知，浪漫主义马画中常见的主题是强烈的情感。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Hrses have always held a special place in the hearts f many famus artists. Let’s explre sme f the mst well-knwn paintings f hrses by famus artists.”（马在许多著名艺术家的心中一直占有特殊的地位。让我们来探索一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。）可知，文章主要讲的是一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出自一篇艺术杂志文章。故选A项。
B
While West Africa’s Benin appraches its rainy seasn, ccasinal shwers and sticky ht weather have dne little t lessen the enthusiasm f lcal villagers wh gathered t watch the first Benin Village Super League. Sccer teams frm tw villages in Paraku, a central city in Benin, cmpeted n a sccer field near the base f the Chinese supprt missin fr cttn prductin in Benin, in Belle Cite Village.
Fr the past decade, the China-assisted cttn technlgy prject has been active in Paraku, a majr cttn-prducing regin in Benin. The lng-term technical assistance has built strng relatinships with villagers. When the prject team learned that the frmer sccer field had been exprpriated (征用), they decided t build a new ne using agricultural machinery and recycled materials.
Last summer, vides f sme sccer matches in Rngjiang cunty, Suthwest China’s Guizhu prvince, went ppular and attracted wrldwide turists. Inspired by this, the Village Super League in Paraku includes cultural perfrmances during halftime, featuring Chinese martial arts and Beninese dance. “Lcals lve sccer and I wanted t bring this mdel here and set up a similar league,” said Shu Xiayng, head f the Chinese technical team.
Named the Friendship Ftball Field, the new facility was pened in March last year. It quickly became the preferred place fr sccer amng villagers in Belle Cite and nearby areas, hsting regular matches, especially during agricultural dwntimes.
As the turnament prgressed, its ppularity rse. Villagers frm surrunding areas traveled n mtrcycles with their children t watch the matches. Yves Kba, the head f Belle Cite Village, praised the Village Super League fr prmting (促进) cmmunicatin and friendship amng villages. “The league has made us mre united. I hpe it cntinues and that ur villagers achieve even better results next year.”
4. What has caused excitement amng the villagers in Paraku?
A. The first village league.B. The China-assisted prject.
C. The newly-built ftball field.D. The start f the harvest seasn.
5 Fr what reasn was the Friendship Ftball Field built?
A. T attract wrldwide turists.B. T prvide a place fr sccer lvers.
C. T inspire lcals’ lve fr sccer.D. T bring Chinese culture int fcus.
6. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Hw ppular ftball is in Benin.
B. Hw the new ftball field was built.
C. What Benin Village Super League is like.
D. Why Chinese village league mdel was intrduced.
7. What des Yves Kba think f the Village Super League in Benin?
A. It brings in huge mney.B. It prmtes crss-cultural exchanges.
C. It frms a new traditin.D. It strengthens friendship amng villages.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国援助下，贝宁的一个村庄如何通过足球联赛加强社区凝聚力和文化交流的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“While West Africa’s Benin appraches its rainy seasn, ccasinal shwers and sticky ht weather have dne little t lessen the enthusiasm f lcal villagers wh gathered t watch the first Benin Village Super League.(虽然西非的贝宁即将进入雨季，但偶尔的阵雨和闷热的天气丝毫没有影响聚集在一起观看第一届贝宁乡村超级联赛的当地村民的热情)”可知，第一届乡村联赛让帕拉库的村民感到兴奋。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句““Lcals lve sccer and I wanted t bring this mdel here and set up a similar league,” said Shu Xiayng, head f the Chinese technical team.(“当地人热爱足球，我想把这种模式带到这里，建立一个类似的联赛，”中国技术团队负责人首晓勇说)”和第四段“Named the Friendship Ftball Field, the new facility was pened in March last year. It quickly became the preferred place fr sccer amng villagers in Belle Cite and nearby areas, hsting regular matches, especially during agricultural dwntimes.(这个名为“友谊足球场”的新设施于去年3月投入使用。它很快成为Belle Cite及附近地区村民的首选足球场地，定期举办比赛，特别是在农闲时节。)”可知，建友谊足球场的目的是为足球爱好者提供一个场所。故选B项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容“Last summer, vides f sme sccer matches in Rngjiang cunty, Suthwest China’s Guizhu prvince, went ppular and attracted wrldwide turists. Inspired by this, the Village Super League in Paraku includes cultural perfrmances during halftime, featuring Chinese martial arts and Beninese dance. “Lcals lve sccer and I wanted t bring this mdel here and set up a similar league,” said Shu Xiayng, head f the Chinese technical team.(去年夏天，中国西南部贵州省榕江县的一些足球比赛视频变得非常流行，并吸引了来自世界各地的游客。受到这一点的启发，帕拉库的乡村超级联赛在中场休息时加入了文化表演，其中包括中国的武术和贝宁的传统舞蹈。“当地人热爱足球，我想把这种模式带到这里，建立一个类似的联赛，”中国技术团队负责人首晓勇说)”可知，第三段主要是说为什么要引进中国乡村联赛模式。故选D项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Yves Kba, the head f Belle Cite Village, praised the Village Super League fr prmting (促进) cmmunicatin and friendship amng villages. “The league has made us mre united. I hpe it cntinues and that ur villagers achieve even better results next year.”(Belle Cite村村长伊夫·科巴称赞乡村超级联赛促进了村庄之间的交流和友谊。“联赛让我们更加团结。我希望它能继续下去，我们的村民明年能取得更好的成绩。”)”可知，科巴认为联赛加强了村庄之间的友谊。故选D项。
C
Every year, travelers head t Suth America t be amazed at the vast glaciers, huge pen skies and high muntains. But at Omra Ethnbtanical Park n Tierra del Fueg, visitrs are encuraged t think small.
Tierra del Fueg, a remte island at the tip f Suth America, might ffer little in terms f animals and trees, but when it cmes t bryphytes (苔藓植物), it is amng the richest crners f the planet. In the area that cvers less than 0.01% f the Earth’s land surface, mre than 5% f the wrld’s bryphyte species is fund.
On entering the park, yu’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, yu are invited t get dwn n yur hands and knees t explre the little-knwn wrld f Tierra del Fueg’s “miniature frests” — the bryphytes that cver the rcks and trees. Fcus is key: as yu tipte thrugh the park, it is easy t miss r even step n them.
I wndered hw interesting msses culd be. But when I gt up clse, they started t cme t life. Shapes and clurs appeared that were nt visible t the naked eye. One plant was bright yellw, while anther was green with a bright red tip like a little hat.
One f the strangest plants is Old Man’s Beard, which lks like thin ndles and hangs ff the trees in webs. Accrding t my guide Lily Lewis, it plays an imprtant rle in the grwth f the frest, capturing nutrients (营养) and salts blwn in n the cean wind.
Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable t pllutin, and has all but disappeared acrss much f the planet. But in Tierra del Fueg, where the air and rain are amng the cleanest n the planet, it grws wildly.
“The hand lens is yur entry pint int the wrld f the miniature frests,” Lewis said. “Lking thrugh a lens reminds yu that there are ther viewpints frm which we can see the wrld.”
8. Which title best describes Tierra del Fueg?
A. A wnderland fr tiny plants.B. A unique place fr rare species.
C. A tp destinatin fr hiking lvers.D. A remte land with different landscapes.
9. What quality is highly valued while explring Omra Ethnbtanical Park?
A. Curisity and creativity.B. Quickness and cnfidence.
C. Calmness and attentiveness.D. Determinatin and curage.
10. Which can best replace the underlined wrd “vulnerable”?
A. Sensitive.B. Adaptable.C. Beneficial.D. Resistant.
11. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Ec-turism in Tierra del FuegB. An Encunter with Old Man’s Beard
C. A Tiny Frest n the Tip f the WrldD. Start Yur Jurney f Discvery, Nw!
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Tierra del Fueg, a remte island at the tip f Suth America, might ffer little in terms f animals and trees, but when it cmes t bryphytes (苔藓植物), it is amng the richest crners f the planet. In the area that cvers less than 0.01% f the Earth’s land surface, mre than 5% f the wrld’s bryphyte species is fund.(火地岛是南美洲的一个偏远岛屿，在动物和树木方面可能很少，但说到苔藓植物，它是地球上最丰富的角落之一。在地球陆地面积不到0.01%的地区，发现了世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种)”可知，火地岛虽小，但拥有世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种，“火地岛是小植物的仙境”适合做标题。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Fcus is key: as yu tipte thrugh the park, it is easy t miss r even step n them.(集中注意力是关键：当你蹑手蹑脚地穿过公园时，很容易错过甚至踩到它们)”可知，在探索奥莫拉民族植物公园时，冷静和专注是最重要的。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“But in Tierra del Fueg, where the air and rain are amng the cleanest n the planet, it grws wildly.(但在火地岛，那里的空气和雨水是地球上最干净的，它疯狂地生长)”以及划线词句“Old Man’s Beard is extremely vulnerable t pllutin, and has all but disappeared acrss much f the planet.(Old Man’s Beard对污染极其vulnerable，几乎在地球的大部分地区都消失了)”可知，火地岛环境非常好，Old Man’s Beard在火地岛生长得很好，说明对污染很敏感，在地球上的大部分地区几乎都消失了。故划线词意思是“敏感的”。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“On entering the park, yu’re given a magnifying lens (放大镜). Guided by plant experts, yu are invited t get dwn n yur hands and knees t explre the little-knwn wrld f Tierra del Fueg’s “miniature frests” — the bryphytes that cver the rcks and trees.(一进入公园，你就会得到一个放大镜。在植物专家的指导下，您将被邀请跪下来探索火地岛鲜为人知的“微型森林”世界——覆盖在岩石和树木上的苔藓植物)”结合文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。可知，C选项“世界之巅的小森林”最符合文章标题。故选C。
D
The time fr actin is nw, at least when it cmes t climate change. If we dn’t take measures that limit glbal warming, it may be impssible t stp its prgress, accrding t a study published in 2018.
The study claims that in 2035, we will crss a pint f n return — after which it will be extremely unlikely that we can stp Earth’s temperature frm rising by 2 degrees Celsius (2℃) and kicking ff dangerus glbal disasters.
The 2℃ mark is very imprtant fr Earth’s well-being. Once the planet warms an additinal 2℃, scientists predict a range f disastrus effects, frm widespread flding in castal areas t burning heat waves and extreme strms.
One imprtant area that culd slw the mvement tward a pint f n return in 2035 is the changing frm fssil fuels(矿物燃料) t renewable energy surces. But even this will require significant prgress. Scientists have figured that the share f renewables wrldwide must grw by at least 2 percent each year in rder t slw the prcess tward climate change. Tw percent a year may nt sund like much, but in the 20 years leading up t 2017, the percentage f energy frm renewables grew by a pr ttal f 3.6 percent.
There is hpe, thugh. If the use f renewable energy were t g beynd the scientists’ mdel, say by 5 percent per each year, the climate change deadline (最后期限) culd mve back by at least a decade, the researchers nte. Als, develping technlgy t remve greenhuse gases frm the atmsphere culd help slw climate change. These gases change Earth’s atmsphere and allw it t capture mre heat frm the sun and cause temperatures t rise.
“We hpe that ‘having a deadline’ may stimulate the sense f urgency t act fr plicy makers,” Henk Dijkstra, ne f the study authrs, said. “Very little time is left.”
12. What might happen nce the Earth warms an additinal 2℃?
A. The climate system will be rebuilt.
B. Glbal warming is uncntrllable.
C. Natural disasters becme unavidable.
D. Timely actin will n lnger be necessary.
13. What des the underlined “this” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. The advances f scientific research.
B. The shift frm fssil fuels t renewables.
C. The prcess f slwing dwn climate change.
D. The increase f public envirnmental awareness.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A The limitatin f scientists’ mdel.
B. Pssible slutins t slwing climate change.
C. The value f the ‘pint f n return’ cncept.
D. Serius effects f greenhuse gases n Earth.
15. Why d the researchers set a deadline?
A. T stress the need f glbal cperatin.
B. T call n peple t use renewable energy.
C. T urge plicy makers t take immediate actin.
D. T shw their determinatin t stp glbal warming.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了全球变暖的发展趋势和即将产生的危害，并敦促决策者要立即采取行动加以应对。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Once the planet warms an additinal 2℃, scientists predict a range f disastrus effects, frm widespread flding in castal areas t burning heat waves and extreme strms.”(科学家们预测，一旦地球温度再升高2摄氏度，就会产生一系列灾难性的影响，从沿海地区的大范围洪水到燃烧的热浪和极端风暴。)可知，一旦地球温度再升高2℃，就很可能无法避免地发生自然灾害。故选C。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“One imprtant area that culd slw the mvement tward a pint f n return in 2035 is the changing frm fssil fuels(矿物燃料) t renewable energy surces.”(一个可能会减缓2035年走向不可逆转的临界点的重要领域，是从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变。)和划线词所在句“But even this will require significant prgress.”(但甚至这样也需要取得重大进展。)可知，“this”指的是上句所提到的“the changing frm fssil fuels t renewable energy surces(从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变)”，即the shift frm fssil fuels t renewables(从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变)。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“If the use f renewable energy were t g beynd the scientists’ mdel, say by 5 percent per each year, the climate change deadline (最后期限) culd mve back by at least a decade, the researchers nte. Als, develping technlgy t remve greenhuse gases frm the atmsphere culd help slw climate change.”(研究人员指出，如果可再生能源的使用超过科学家的范例，比如每年增加5%，那么气候变化的最后期限可能会推迟至少十年。此外，开发从大气中去除温室气体的技术也有助于减缓气候变化。)可知，该段主要讲述了可能减缓气候变化的解决方案。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段研究者Henk Dijkstra的话“We hpe that ‘having a deadline’ may stimulate the sense f urgency t act fr plicy makers,”(我们希望“设定最后期限”可能会激发决策者采取行动的紧迫感)可知，研究者们设定最后期限是为了敦促决策者立即采取行动。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I wuld feel ashamed every time I receive a new package (包裹) n my drstep. I knw that buying new stuff is bad fr the planet. But every time I buy smething, I get sme happiness that’s hard t give up.
Recently a new bk has given me new insights: ____16____ It’s the way ur brains have evlved (进化). And there may be a way t break the cycle.We are evlved frm simple rganisms that survived because their netwrks f nerve cells learned t repeat rewarding (有益的) decisins. Tday, we have billins f actin cells in the brain. They are always frming cnnectins t strengthen rewarding behavir. ____17____ We seek ut thse releases in dpamine, and at the same time repeat the actins that lead t them.
____18____ Maybe yu weren’t even thinking abut buying waterclr paints. Then smething reminded that yu like painting, and yu searched nline and fund they were less expensive than yu expected. When they arrived n yur drstep, they were better than yu thught. Yur brain will be drawn t repeat the behavir that gt yu smething unexpected and gd.
The best way t break the verbuying habits is nt t stp buying things cmpletely.
____19____ Imagine yu’ve frmed a habit f eating chclate befre bed fr cmfrt, even thugh yu knw yu dn’t need the calries. Yu can try having milk with cca pwder as a healthier replacement, which prvides similar cmfrt. Once yu start lsing weight, the reward f being able t fit int yur ld clthes will feel as gd as the chclate nce des. ____20____ Buying used items satisfies ur desire t acquire. It gives us the same gd feeling f an unexpected reward withut cnsuming mre resurces.
A. We need that same replacement fr shpping.
B. Whether that apprach wuld wrk is up fr debate.
C. Our brains especially like it, and release mre dpamine.
D. My desire t keep buying things isn’t necessarily a persnal fault.
E. In this prcess, dpamine is released, helping us learn hw t btain a reward.
F. The gd feeling cnnected t unexpected rewards is partly why we like shpping.
G. A better slutin may be t replace the ld, lng-term harmful rewards with new nes.
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了为什么人类喜欢购物以及如何改掉购物的习惯。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Recently a new bk has given me new insights (最近一本新书给了我新的见解)”以及后文“It’s the way ur brains have evlved (进化).(这是我们大脑进化的方式)”可知，本句承接上文，说明具体的见解内容。 故D选项“我想不停地买东西并不一定是个人的错”符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Tday, we have billins f actin cells in the brain. They are always frming cnnectins t strengthen rewarding behavir.(今天，我们的大脑中有数十亿的活动细胞。它们总是形成联系来加强奖励行为)”以及后文“We seek ut thse releases in dpamine, and at the same time repeat the actins that lead t them.(我们寻找多巴胺的释放，同时重复导致它们的行为)”可知，本句承接上文，说明细胞形成联系加强奖励行为会释放多巴胺。故E选项“在这个过程中，多巴胺被释放，帮助我们学习如何获得奖励”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Maybe yu weren’t even thinking abut buying waterclr paints. Then smething reminded that yu like painting, and yu searched nline and fund they were less expensive than yu expected. When they arrived n yur drstep, they were better than yu thught. Yur brain will be drawn t repeat the behavir that gt yu smething unexpected and gd.(也许你根本没想过买水彩颜料。然后有什么东西提醒你喜欢画画，你在网上搜索，发现它们比你想象的要便宜。当它们来到你家门口时，它们比你想象的要好。你的大脑会被吸引去重复那些给你带来意想不到的好东西的行为)”可知，本段主要分析了喜欢购物是因为可以带来良好的感觉。故F选项“与意外奖励相关的良好感觉是我们喜欢购物的部分原因”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Imagine yu’ve frmed a habit f eating chclate befre bed fr cmfrt, even thugh yu knw yu dn’t need the calries. Yu can try having milk with cca pwder as a healthier replacement, which prvides similar cmfrt. Once yu start lsing weight, the reward f being able t fit int yur ld clthes will feel as gd as the chclate nce des.(想象一下，你已经养成了睡前吃巧克力的习惯，即使你知道你不需要卡路里。你可以尝试用可可粉代替牛奶，这更健康，也能提供同样的舒适感。一旦你开始减肥，能够穿上旧衣服的奖励就像巧克力曾经给你的感觉一样好)”可知，本段给出的建议是通过新的奖励来代替旧的不好的奖励。故G选项“一个更好的解决办法可能是用新的奖励取代旧的、长期有害的奖励”符合语境，故选G。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Buying used items satisfies ur desire t acquire. It gives us the same gd feeling f an unexpected reward withut cnsuming mre resurces.(购买二手物品满足了我们的获得欲望。它让我们在不消耗更多资源的情况下获得意想不到的奖励)”可知，后文提到了购买二手物品来代替购物，故A选项“我们需要同样替代的品来购物”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分35分）
第一节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Gitanjali Ra is a sphmre (大二学生) and als an inventr. In her shrt life, she has used scientific creativity t ____21____ many real-wrld prblems.
Since Gitanjali was in 3rd grade, she has tried t address big scial prblems with her ____22____. It was then that she learned abut lead-plluted water, and the terrible impact it has n children’s ____23____. After lts f research, she managed t design a device that attaches t a mbile phne and can immediately identify ____24____ in water.
Gitanjali’s lve f real-wrld prblem slving did nt ____25____ there, hwever. Since then, she has als invented an app t help prevent cyberbullying. And an early warning system t catch drug addictin in yung adults.
Building n her experience, Gitanjali wants t ____26____ thers t use science and tech t slve big prblems. “I dn’t lk like yur ____27____ scientist. Everything I see n TV is that it’s usually an lder man as a scientist,” she said. “My gal has really shifted frm ____28____ my wn devices t slve prblems t inspiring thers t d the same as well. Because, frm persnal experience, it’s nt ____29____ when yu dn’t see anyne else like yu. S I really want t put ut that ____30____: “If I can d it, yu can d it, and anyne can d it.”
21. A. meet withB. fcus nC. learn frmD. deal with
22. A. prjectsB. teamsC. talentsD. plans
23. A. healthB. educatinC. creativityD. behavir
24. A. leadB. drugsC. micrplasticD. minerals
25. A. lieB. endC. wrkD. reach
26. A. teachB. inspireC. adviseD. remind
27. A. successfulB. seriusC. mdernD. typical
28. A. fixingB. testingC. creatingD. using
29. A. funB. easyC. helpfulD. cmfrtable
30. A. messageB. challengeC. theryD. summary
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了大二学生Gitanjali Ra用自己的发明解决社会问题的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在她短暂的一生中，她运用科学创造力解决了许多现实问题。A. meet with遇见；B. fcus n集中注意力于；C. learn frm从……中学习；D. deal with处理，解决。结合空后“many real-wrld prblems”以及下文“address big scial prblems”可知，Gitanjali Ra用创意解决现实问题，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从Gitanjali上三年级以来，她就试图用自己的才能解决重大的社会问题。A. prjects项目，工程；B. teams团队；C. talents才能，天赋；D. plans计划。根据上文“she has used scientific creativity”可知，她用科学创意解决问题，即自己的才能，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，她了解到铅污染的水，以及它对儿童健康的可怕影响。A. health健康；B. educatin教育；C. creativity创造力；D. behavir行为。根据上文“she learned abut lead-plluted water”可知，她了解到铅污染的水，应是对儿童的健康产生影响，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过大量的研究，她设法设计了一种可以附着在手机上的设备，可以立即识别水中的铅。A. lead铅；B. drugs药物，毒品；C. micrplastic微塑料；D. minerals矿物质。根据上文“lead-plluted water”可知，她是要解决铅污染的问题，故她发明的设备可以检测水中的铅，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Gitanjali对解决现实问题的热爱并没有就此结束。A. lie平躺，撒谎；B. end结束；C. wrk工作；D. reach到达。结合下文“Since then, she has als invented an app t help prevent cyberbullying.”可知，她对解决现实问题的热爱并没有就此结束，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于她的经验，Gitanjali希望激励其他人使用科学技术来解决大问题。A. teach教；B. inspire鼓舞，激励；C. advise建议；D. remind提醒。根据下文“inspiring thers t d the same as well”可知，她希望激励其他人使用科学技术来解决大问题，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看起来不像典型的科学家。A. successful成功的；B. serius严肃的；C. mdern现代的；D. typical典型的。根据下文“Everything I see n TV is that it’s usually an lder man as a scientist”可知，科学家通常是年纪较大的人，Gitanjali是一名大二的学生，故看起来不像典型的科学家，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的目标已经从创造自己的设备来解决问题转变为激励其他人也这样做。A. fixing修理；B. testing测试；C. creating创造；D. using使用。根据上文内容以及文章首句中“an inventr”可知，Gitanjali是一名发明家，故发明、创造设备来解决问题，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为，从我个人的经验来看，当你看不到和你一样的人时，这并不容易。A. fun有趣的；B. easy容易的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. cmfrtable舒服的。根据上文“inspiring thers t d the same as well”以及空后“when yu dn’t see anyne else like yu”可知，Gitanjali想要激励其他人也这样做，说明只靠个人发明来解决问题很困难，所以她希望有更多人和她一样，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我真的很想传达这样的信息：“如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。”A. message信息；B. challenge挑战；C. thery理论；D. summary总结。根据“If I can d it, yu can d it, and anyne can d it.”可知，Gitanjali想要向大家传递这样的信息：如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。故选A。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese shadw puppetry (皮影戏) is prbably ne f the mst ancient arts using light and shadw.
Generally, shadw puppetry is a ____31____ (cmbine) f varius art frms invlving painting, carving, music, pera perfrmance and stry-telling. Dating back t the Han Dynasty, shadw puppetry reached its glden age in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, it ____32____ (perfrm) in almst every prvince, and at varius celebratins, ranging ____33____ weddings t festival celebratins.
It is nt an easy jb t make the puppets (木偶) ____34____ (use) in perfrmances. Mst f them are made f leathers, ____35____ must be carefully selected and repeatedly plished and prcessed befre they are ready fr carving the puppets. When the leathers becme transparent, fine and smth enugh, the artists wuld paint the characters n them, and then carve them ut with tls.
The bdy parts f the puppets are separately cut ut and jined tgether, s that they culd have as much as 24 mvable jints (关节). Perfrmers hld them with sticks cnnected t ____36____ (they) mst imprtant jints during the perfrmances, s that the puppets culd be shwn as “____37____ (mve) images” n the screens.
With ____38____ rise f varius frms f entertainment, shadw puppetry has been lsing its shine. Hwever, lcal artists acrss China ____39____ (explre) ways t help it survive. In 2011, Chinese shadw puppetry was added t UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list, thus ____40____ (breathe) new life int the ancient art frm.
【答案】31. cmbinatin
32. was perfrmed
33. frm 34. used
35. which 36. their
37. mving 38. the
39. have been explring
40. breathing
【解析】
【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章主要介绍了中国皮影戏这一古老艺术形式的历史、制作过程、表演方式以及当前面临的挑战和保护措施。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：一般来说，皮影戏是涉及绘画、雕刻、音乐、戏剧表演和讲故事的各种艺术形式的结合。空处用名词cmbinatin“结合”作表语，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作表语。故填cmbinatin。
【32题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：当时，它几乎在每个省份和各种庆祝活动中表演，包括婚礼和节日庆典。根据时间状语At that time可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语it和动词perfrm“表演”之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was perfrmed。
【33题详解】
考查介词。句意：当时，它几乎在每个省份和各种庆祝活动中表演，包括婚礼和节日庆典。根据句意和句子结构，空处应填介词frm，range 表示“范围从……到……”。故填frm。
【34题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：制作用于表演的木偶并不是一件容易的事。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且puppets与use“使用”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰名词puppets。故填used。
【35题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：大多数皮影戏木偶是用皮革制成的，这些皮革必须经过精心挑选，并在雕刻木偶之前反复打磨和加工。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是leathers，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【36题详解】
考查代词。句意：在表演过程中，表演者用连接在他们最重要关节上的棍子拿着木偶，这样木偶就可以在屏幕上作为“移动的图像”显示出来。空处应用形容词性物主代词their，修饰mst imprtant jints。故填their。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在表演过程中，表演者用连接在他们最重要关节上的棍子拿着木偶，这样木偶就可以在屏幕上作为“移动的图像”显示出来。空处应用形容词mving“移动的”，修饰名词images，作前置定语。故填mving。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：随着各种娱乐形式的兴起，皮影戏逐渐失去了光彩。空处应填定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而，中国各地的当地艺术家正在探索帮助它生存的方法。explre“探索”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，句子时态应用现在完成进行时have/has been ding，又因主语artists是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been explring。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2011年，中国皮影戏被列入联合国教科文组织的非物质文化遗产名录，从而为这一古老的艺术形式注入了新的活力。breathe new life int“给……注入新的活力”。本句谓语为was added t，此处为非谓语动词，空处应用breathe的现在分词，作结果状语。故填breathing。
第三节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。
41. My heart s______ (下沉) when I heard the bad news.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】sank##ank
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：当我听到这个坏消息时，我的心一沉。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，表示“下沉”可用动词sink，作句子的谓语动词，根据下文的从句谓语动词heard可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式形式sank。故填sank。
42. The animal was a f______ (经常性的) subject fr artists. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】frequent##requent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种动物是艺术家们经常创作的题材。根据中英文提示可知，frequent“经常性的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词subject，故填frequent。
43. Electricity was c_______ (传导) thrugh string t the key. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】cnducted##nducted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：电是通过绳子传导到钥匙上的。根据中英文提示可知，空处应填动词cnduct“传导”，句子是一般过去时的被动语态，空处使用过去分词形式，故填cnducted。
44. The teacher said nthing, m______ (仅仅) smiled and watched her. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】merely##erely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：老师什么也没说，仅仅微笑着看着她。根据首字母提示m和汉语提示“仅仅”可知，此处使用副词merely，作状语，修饰动词smiled and watched。故填merely。
45. Mre peple want t prtect sharks frm e______ (灭绝) nwadays. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】extinctin##xtinctin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：现在越来越多的人想要保护鲨鱼免于灭绝。根据中英文提示可知应用名词extinctin“灭绝”，作frm的宾语，为不可数名词。故填extinctin。
46. Perhaps yur friends want sme f______ (坦诚的) cmments frm yu. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】frank##rank
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：也许你的朋友们想要你一些坦诚的评论。空处应填形容词frank“坦诚的”，作前置定语，修饰名词cmments。故填frank。
47. A punch line c______ (结束) a jke and is intended t make peple laugh. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】cncludes##ncludes
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：笑话的结尾是一句妙语，目的是让人发笑。根据中英文提示可知应用动词cnclude“结束”，作句子的谓语动词，根据后文is可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语A punch line为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填cncludes。
48. Digging wells is a gd way t slve the prblem f water s______ (短缺). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】shrtage##hrtage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：打井是解决缺水问题一个好办法。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应该用名词shrtage作介词f的宾语。故填shrtage。
49. Ging dwn nt the platfrm is like jumping int a vlcan that’s e______ (喷发). (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】erupting##rupting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：下到站台上就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山。根据中英文提示可知，erupt“喷发”，动词，从句是现在进行时，空处使用现在分词，故填erupting。
50. He perfrmed beynd everyne’s e______ (预料，预期) with his cntinuus effrts. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】expectatins##xpectatins
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他用不断的努力让他的表现超出了所有人的预期。根据“everyne’s”可知，空处应用名词，作宾语；根据中英文提示，expectatin，表示“期待、预期”，为可数名词，这里指超出所有人的预期，故用复数形式。故填expectatins。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （满分20分）
51. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。
A new study has fund that traffic nise pllutin hlds back grwth in baby birds, even while inside the egg. Unhatched (未孵化) birds and newbrn chicks that are expsed (暴露) t nise frm city traffic suffer frm lng-term negative effects n their health, grwth and reprductin (繁殖).
“Sund has a much strnger and mre direct impact n bird develpment than we knew befre,” said Dr Mylene Mariette, a bird cmmunicatin expert and a c-authr f the study. “It wuld be wise t wrk mre t reduce nise pllutin.”
Previus research has suggested that nise pllutin causes stress t birds and makes cmmunicatin harder fr them. Hwever, it is still unclear whether birds are stressed by nise at a yung age r even befre hatched.
Mariette’s team expsed bird eggs fr five days t either silence, calming recrdings f bird sngs, r recrdings f city traffic nises such as lud mtrs and cars driving past. They did the same with newbrn chicks fr abut fur hurs a night fr up t 13 nights.
They nticed that the bird eggs were almst 20% less likely t hatch if expsed t traffic nise. The chicks that did hatch were mre than 10% smaller and almst 15% lighter than the thers.
When the team examined their red bld cells and their telmeres — a piece f DNA that shrtens with stress and age — they were mre weakened and shrter than birds that were nt expsed t nise
The effects cntinued even after the chicks were n lnger expsed t nise pllutin, and carried ver int their reprductive age fur years later. The birds disturbed by nise during the early stages f their lives prduced fewer than half as many ffspring (后代) as thse that were nt expsed t nise.
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【答案】Pssible versin：
A recent study prves that traffic nise expsure in baby birds directly interferes with their develpment, which causes severe and lng-lasting harm t thse chicks. T figure ut whether birds are stressed by nise at a yung age r even befre hatching, researchers expsed bird eggs and hatchlings t silence, bird sngs, r traffic nises, and fund that expsure t traffic nise reduced hatching success by 20%, and the chicks were smaller, lighter and weaker. Additinally, these negative effects extended t the birds’ reprductive success later in life.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最近的一项研究证明，雏鸟接触交通噪音会直接干扰它们的发育，对雏鸟造成严重而持久的伤害。为了弄清楚鸟类在幼年甚至在孵化前是否会受到噪音的压力，研究人员将鸟蛋和雏鸟暴露在寂静、鸟鸣或交通噪音中，发现交通噪音使孵化成功率降低了20%，雏鸟更小、更轻、更弱。此外，这些负面影响延伸到鸟类以后的繁殖成功。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①A new study has fund that traffic nise pllutin hlds back grwth in baby birds, even while inside the egg. Unhatched (未孵化的) birds and newbrn chicks that are expsed (暴露) t nise frm city traffic suffer frm lng-term negative effects n their health, grwth and reprductin (繁殖).
②Hwever, it is still unclear whether birds are stressed by nise at a yung age r even befre hatched.
③Mariette’s team expsed bird eggs fr five days t either silence, calming recrdings f bird sngs, r recrdings f city traffic nises such as lud mtrs and cars driving past. They did the same with newbrn chicks fr abut fur hurs a night fr up t 13 nights.
④They nticed that the bird eggs were almst 20% less likely t hatch if expsed t traffic nise. The chicks that did hatch were mre than 10% smaller and almst 15% lighter than the thers.
⑤The effects cntinued even after the chicks were n lnger expsed t nise pllutin, and carried ver int their reprductive age fur years later.
⑥The birds disturbed by nise during the early stages f their lives prduced fewer than half as many ffspring (后代) as thse that were nt expsed t nise.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行概括总结，5、6两个要点概括总结。
3.遣词造句
A recent study prves that traffic nise expsure in baby birds directly interferes with their develpment, which causes severe and lng-lasting harm t thse chicks.
T figure ut whether birds are stressed by nise at a yung age r even befre hatching, researchers expsed bird eggs and hatchlings t silence, bird sngs, r traffic nises, and fund that expsure t traffic nise reduced hatching success by 20%, and the chicks were smaller, lighter and weaker.
Additinally, these negative effects extended t the birds’ reprductive success later in life.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A recent study prves that traffic nise expsure in baby birds directly interferes with their develpment, which causes severe and lng-lasting harm t thse chicks. (运用that引导宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句对原文第一段进行了概括)
[高分句型2] T figure ut whether birds are stressed by nise at a yung age r even befre hatching, researchers expsed bird eggs and hatchlings t silence, bird sngs, r traffic nises, and fund that expsure t traffic nise reduced hatching success by 20%, and the chicks were smaller, lighter and weaker. (用不定式作目的状语、whether引导的宾语从句和that引导宾语从句对第二段、第三段和第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级)
第二节 （满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，上周你组建某志愿团队，并成功开展相关志愿活动，请你在英语课上分享这次经历，内容包括：
1. 克服的困难；
2. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Last week, we set up a vlunteer grup, aimed at...
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【答案】范文
Last week, we set up a vlunteer grup, aimed at helping autistic children with their daily activities and scial skills thrugh arts, music therapy, and simple games.
One majr challenge we faced was recruiting members wh were bth devted and available. Many students were interested, but they had cnflicting schedules. T reslve this, we held nline meetings and reached ut t mre members. Anther challenge was learning hw t interact effectively with autistic children. Luckily, we received sme special training frm lcal experts.
This jurney taught me patience, empathy, and the value f cmmunity service. It als deepened my understanding f teamwrk and leadership, which invlve listening, supprting, and smetimes stepping back t let thers take the lead.
In shrt, it has been a rewarding experience filled with challenges and grwth.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。上周你组建某志愿团队，并成功开展相关志愿活动，要求考生在英语课上分享这次经历。
【详解】1.词汇积累
解决：reslve→deal with
举行：hld→hst
有益的：rewarding→beneficial
总之：in shrt→all in all
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Many students were interested, but they had cnflicting schedules.
拓展句：Althugh many students were interested, they had cnflicting schedules.
【点睛】[高分句型1] One majr challenge we faced was recruiting members wh were bth devted and available. (运用了wh引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] It als deepened my understanding f teamwrk and leadership, which invlve listening, supprting, and smetimes stepping back t let thers take the lead. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
1~5 BCBCC 6~10 CABAA 11~15 CCBAA 16~20 ABBBB