河南省鹤壁市高中2025届高三上学期7月第一次综合检测英语试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份河南省鹤壁市高中2025届高三上学期7月第一次综合检测英语试题（Word版附解析），共16页。

注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2.每道选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Track Yur Package
Yu can find tracking infrmatin in yur rder details. If an rder includes multiple items， each may have separate delivery dates and tracking infrmatin.
Hw t track yur package
● 1. G t Yur Orders.
● 2. Find the rder yu want t track.
● 3. Select Track Package next t yur rder.
● 4. View all updates t track delivery prgress.
If there are many items in yur rder， each may have separate delivery dates and tracking infrmatin.
Find slutins t cmmn delivery prblems
●Yur rder hasn't shipped yet
Check the estimated delivery date by selecting Track Package in Yur Orders. If yu're expecting the package tday and dn't see a status update， that's nrmal. Depending n the carrier， items may ship the same day they're delivered. If yu're nt expecting the package tday， please wait fr the tracking infrmatin t be updated.
●Tracking infrmatin des nt update
The carrier may have mre detailed infrmatin abut yur package. T track yur package n the carrier website r cntact them，g t Carrier Cntact Infrmatin. If tracking infrmatin is nt available，g t Missing Tracking Infrmatin.
●Yur rder is delayed
If the expected delivery date has passed，keep in mind that weather，traffic，and mre can cause delivery delays. Mst late packages will arrive within 24 t 48 hurs f the expected delivery date. If the rder has already been shipped，yu can't cancel it. Check ur recmmended actins fr Late Deliveries.
●Tracking shws rder was delivered but yu haven't received it
Fllw ur recmmended steps t Find a Package That Shws as Delivered.
1.Where can yu find the tracking infrmatin f yur package?
A. Yur Orders. B. Late Deliveries.
C. Missing Tracking Infrmatin. D. Find a Package That Shws as Delivered.
2.What shuld yu d if yur package desn't arrive as expected?
A. Cancel the rder. B. Wait fr a day r tw.
C. Check the weather frecast. D. Figure ut the cause f delay.
3.In which sectin f a shpping website will yu find this text?
A. Get t Knw Us. B. Payment Prducts.
C. Let Us Help Yu. D. Make Mney with Us.
B
There’s an ld African prverb that states， “When yu leave yur shes at the drstep， yu leave yur trubles behind.” A grup f envirnmental chemists wh study what kinds f cntaminants peple are expsed t in their wn hmes claim： wearing yur utside shes inside wn’t just mess up yur carpet； it is， in fact， scientifically wrng.
Shes wrn utside can be media fr all kinds f dirt and micrbes. Accrding t the experts， abut ne-third f the matter building up inside yur hme cmes frm utside， much f it being tracked in n the sles f ur shes. But nt all dirt is bad dirt. Sme husehld germs can actually be useful in helping build up a child’s immune system， fr example. But the real issue is that sme f the disease-causing rganisms fund n ur shes and flrs are drug-resistant， causing illnesses that are difficult t treat. “Cancer-causing txins can be fund n these shes，” scientists say， “s it is best t leave yur filth utside the dr.”
Every day we carry much dirt with us n the sles f ur shes-mud. Fr many husehlds， the pandemic has greatly reduced the number f places we g t. But even at that， all it takes is ne walk dwn the street r a few minutes at the park t make yu bring smething nasty back hme.
It’s imprtant t nte that nt wearing shes inside is mre than just a hygiene thing. In many cultures
arund the wrld， leaving yur shes at the dr is a sign f respect， a nd t superstitin and it may even be in service f gd health. Reflexlgists(反射治疗师) say that walking arund bareft can help bst yur circulatin， imprve yur sleep quality and stimulate the reflexes n the sles f yur feet， reducing inflammatin， pain and tensin.
4.What can we learn abut dirt?
A. All the dirt in the huse cmes frm dirty shes.
B. The dirt can help build up a child’s immune system.
C. The dirt brught back by shes is very harmful t adults.
D. Abut a third f the dirt prduced in the hme cmes frm the utside.
5.What’s the authr’s attitude twards leaving shes at the drstep?
A. Supprtive B. Critical C. Indifferent D. Neutral
6.There are many benefits f nt wearing shes indrs except ______.
A. shwing respect B. stimulating reflectin
C. aviding messing up carpet D. reducing the amunt f dirt
7.What’s the best title f the text?
A. Walking bareft r nt
B. Getting rid f yur hme dirt
C. Learning frm African prverbs
D. Leaving shes at the drstep fr health reasns
C
Sperm whales(抹香鲸) have the biggest brains f any animal n the planet at up t twenty punds, as much as six times the size f an average human brain. They live in grups f abut ten and smetimes meet up with hundreds r thusands f ther whales. Sperm whales can grw up t eighteen meters lng and dive t nearly 1,000 meters t hunt fr fd. They sleep upright and in grups.
Like many whales and dlphins, sperm whales are highly scial animals and cmmunicate underwater by strings f rapid clicks, which are als used t help them lcate and track their fd.
In a study published in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins, researchers analyzed mre than 8,700 pieces f sperm whale clicks that they believe make up a “phnetic alphabet(音标)”,which the whales can use t build the very rugh equivalent(对应的事物) f what peple think f as wrds and phrases. They say they have fund fur basic cmpnents that they think make up this phnetic alphabet. Pratyusha Sharma, the paper's lead researcher, says this alphabet culd then be used by the whales in an unlimited number f cmbinatins.
T get enugh recrds f the sperm whale clicks in Dminica, where there is a residential ppulatin f abut 200 sperm whales, scientists created a huge underwater recrding studi with micrphnes at different depths. Devices n the whales recrded what psitin they were in when clicking—fr example, diving, sleeping, breathing at the surface—and if there were any ther whales nearby they might be
cmmunicating with.
Jeremy Gldbgen, an assciate prfessr f ceans at Stanfrd University, wh was nt invlved in the study, said that if we were ne day able t understand what sperm whales were saying, that knwledge shuld be used fr cnservatin purpses, like minimizing their risk f being hit by ships r reducing cean nise levels.
David Gruber, funder and president f the Cetacean Translatin Initiative, says millins and pssibly billins f whale clicks wuld be needed t cllect enugh data t try t wrk ut what the whales are saying, but he expects AI t help. speed the analysis.
8.What d we knw abut sperm whales?
A. They ften travel alne. B. They can sleep n their backs.
C. They can be up t 18 meters lng. D. They have smaller brains than humans.
9.What can be inferred frm paragraph 3?
A. Language learning takes a lt f practice.
B. Sperm whales give ff clicks t track each ther.
C. The experimental results are incnsistent with the expectatin.
D. Sperm whales and humans may cmmunicate in a similar way.
10.Which statement will Jeremy Gldbgen prbably agree with?
A. The study is very meaningful. B. The cean nise level is rather lw.
C. It is risky t hunt sperm whales. D. It is easy t prtect sperm whales.
11.What des David Gruber suggest?
A. Limiting the use f AI. B. Recrding the number f whales.
C. Cllecting mre whale clicks. D. Recvering the whale ppulatins.
D
In the Rman times and thrughut the Middle Ages, salt was a valuable cmmdity (商品), and als served as "white gld". Sldiers in the Rman army were smetimes paid with salt instead f mney. Their mnthly allwance was called "salarium" ("sal" being the Latin wrd fr salt). This Latin rt can be recgnized in the French wrd "salaire"-and it eventually made it int English as the wrd "salary".
Language is smething we take fr granted. Hwever, as the example with the wrd "salary" shws, languages are nt static. Like bilgical species, languages change ver time, and smetimes develp t give rise t several descendant (后代) languages. Fr example, French, Italian, and Spanish are amng the languages that have evlved frm Latin. And like species, languages can g extinct, t.
Given all these similarities, linguists (语言学家) wh study the evlutin f languages ften use tls that are similar t thse used by evlutinary bilgists. One such tl is the recnstructin f a species tree. Such a tree shws the evlutinary histry and relatinships within a given grup f bilgical species.
Using a recnstructed species tree, evlutinary bilgists can ften infer specific characteristics f
ancestral species. Or they can match up cmmn ancestrs in the tree with actual fssils that have been fund by palentlgists (古生物学家). This allws them t put real dates at varius branching pints in the tree. Thus, species tree recnstructin is an essential tl in studying bilgical evlutin.
A similar technique can be used t study language evlutin because languages als evlve and cnsist f wrds that can be easily cmpared. Indeed, linguists have recnstructed entire language trees. And as with species trees, characteristics f ancient ancestral languages can be derived (衍生) frm them.
Of curse, there als are sme differences between species evlutin and language evlutin, each requiring unique additinal methds t study them in detail. But, verall, it is fascinating t see hw the basic ideas and research tls f language evlutin are similar t thse f bilgical evlutin.
12.Why des the authr mentin the wrd "salary" in paragraph 1?
A. T illustrate the evlutin f language.
B. T present the effect f Latin n languages.
C. T stress the value f salt in ancient times.
D. T shw develpments in linguistic thery.
13.What can we infer frm paragraph 2?
A. Cultural diversity and bidiversity are linked.
B. Species and languages have a lt in cmmn.
C. Human-caused mass extinctin is accelerating.
D. Languages influence and learn frm each ther.
14.What can we knw abut the recnstructed species tree?
A. It is currently in the design stage.B. It facilitates the research f linguists.
C. It can be used in a variety f ways.D. It is the first chice fr bilgists.
15.What can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Language System Evlved Over Time
B. The Twin Extinctins f Species and Languages
C. Salt Played a Crucial Rle in Early Human Histry
D. Frm Salt t Salary： Linguists Take a Page frm Bilgy

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways T Increase The Quality f Yur Life
It is time t d smething t increase the quality f yur life. Nthing can beat living an active, purpseful, successful life filled with happiness and fulfillment. ____16_____
Treat yurself.
It desn’t matter if it’s a meal ut, r a visit t a theater. Make the first thing yu d a treat that yu have been lnging fr sme time. _____17____ Treats can be free, and yu can always make time.
Take up a hbby.
When yu lead a bring life, it is great t have smething t think abut that takes yu int anther wrld. _____18____ If yu lve t read, devte time t just sitting with a bk and lsing yurself in an imaginary wrld. The whle pint f a hbby is that it is smething fr yu, s it desn’t matter what it is as lng as yu enjy it.
____19_____
Often we lse sight f the psitive, beneficial things in ur lives. Everyne has things t be grateful fr and making a list helps t cncentrate yur mind n these psitives. Allw yurself a few minutes t think abut yur life and identify the gd things.
Exercise.
____20_____ G running, r get dwn t the gym. Sweat ut the negatives and get fit fr the future.
Fllw the advice abve and yu will surely increase the quality f yur life.
A. Create a gratitude list.
B. Ding mrning exercise makes yu fresh.
C. Make the mst f the years yu have n Earth.
D. Dn’t make excuses abut nt having time r mney.
E. Taking exercise is an excellent way f bsting yur md.
F. Hbbies are brilliant fr giving yu smething different t d.
G. Read ur list f things t d nw t make yur life better and mre enjyable.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题； 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Juleus Ghunta is a published authr and award-winning pet. But when grwing up, he culd 21 read.
Ghunta lived in a rural part f Western Jamaica. He was kept at hme while his lder sisters 22 schl. When Ghunta finally went t schl, he culdn’t 23 his reading skills. The situatin was made wrse by a series f teachers wh made him feel 24 . “I struggled in schl with a deep sense f lss and shame.” he recalled.
Frtunately, at age 12, a yung teacher -in -training decided t start a special reading prgram fr 25 students. Ghunta was the first student t 26 . That teacher, whse 27 he des nt recall, wuld becme Ghunta’s unsung her—the persn wh 28 his life.
Under her 29 , Ghunta’s reading skills finally started t imprve. And his sense f self-dubt began t 30 . He graduated frm elementary schl with a number f 31 awards. He went n t cllege, and later, graduate schl. Tday, he is the authr f tw children’s bks. He’s nw 32 his first full-length cllectin f petry.
In 2010, Ghunta went back t his ld schl, t ask the principal and teachers if they knew his ld teacher’s name. But n ne did.
“I wuld lve fr her t see the 33 impact that she has made n my life, and the ways in which I have carried this 34 f her —the hpe, the light, with me—and hw it cntinues t be a surce f 35 .”
21.A. regularlyB. barelyC. actuallyD. prbably
22.A. examinedB. cnfirmedC. attendedD. attempted
23.A. catch up nB. end up inC. stand up withD. lk up t
24.A. independentB. prudC. delightedD. wrthless
25.A. utstandingB. amazingC. strugglingD. interesting
26.A. calm dwnB. sign upC. give inD. break ut
27.A. nameB. attitudeC. respnsibilityD. thery
28.A. predictedB. discveredC. ruinedD. changed
29.A. prtectinB. guidanceC. emplymentD. cntrl
30.A. liftB. expandC. emergeD. disturb
31.A. scientificB. designC. academicD. creative
32.A. wrking nB. taking inC. paying backD. turning dwn
33.A. negativeB. financialC. instantD. significant
34.A. prmiseB. issueC. memryD. bservatin
35.A. stability B. leisure C. harmny D. jy
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The mre water peple splash n yu, the __36___ (lucky)yur life will be. That's the psitive message frm the water sprinkling festival in Xishuangbanna, in Suthwest China's Yunnan prvince. The festival is ne f the mst imprtant festivals fr the Dai peple —an ethnic grup mstly _37____ (live)in Xishuangbanna Dai, wh recgnize the festival ___38___ the new year and rganize activities like splashing water and dragn bat races.
"Water" is __39___ unique way f sending blessings t the Dai peple n New Year's Day. The mre yu ___40___ (sak), the mre blessings yu get. This is ___41____ peple express their feelings and wishes fr the future. A visitr frm the United States said tw elderly wmen ____42___ (dress)in Dai ethnic clthes splashed water n him and he splashed back. Laughter and water twisted t make them feel like they were best friends, as if they ___43____(meet)befre.
Xishuangbanna is hme t 12 ethnic ___44___ (minrity)and basts a brder extending ver 966. 3 kilmeters. Neighbring cuntries such as Cambdia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Las als celebrate the festival, taking place in the mid-sixth mnth f the Dai calendar, ___45____ (rugh) ten days befre r
after China's Qingming Festival.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack送了一张画展的门票作为你的生日礼物。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示感谢；
2.观看画展的感受；
3.回赠礼物。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jack,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
This is a stry abut an act f kindness that I did, which in turn changed my life in a way.
I used t teach in a university with a master’s degree. In my cuntry, it was better t have a PhD fr career advancement, and my qualificatins needed t be imprved. S I telephned Prfessr Smith fr help. I had heard that he was a gd dctral supervisr in the university, but I hadn’t met him. I tried t call him nce, but t my disappintment, he said he was a little busy at that time and that he wuld cntact me later.
One day, I was driving hme frm the university when I saw an accident at the side f the rad. The tw cars cllided (碰撞), but frtunately the drivers were nt injured. They argued with each ther abut the accident and became annyed. Then I stpped my car t see if they might need my help.
“Calm dwn, gentlemen. What’s the matter?” I apprached them and said.
“It’s just a minr scratch (划痕). There were sme disagreements when we tried t wrk things ut privately. I think he is asking fr a little t much,” ne driver said t me. I learned that he didn’t have enugh mney n hand t pay fr the damage. Understanding the situatin, I ffered t help. I paid the
amunt needed t settle the matter.
A trublesme matter turned int a peaceful reslutin with my invlvement. When the driver ffered t exchange ur business cards, I agreed. “It was s kind f yu t reach ut. I’ll repay yur mney tmrrw,” he said. “Frget it. It’s just a small thing,” I respnded. Finally, we said gdbye t each ther. Hwever, I didn’t expect my kind behavir wuld really bring me gd luck.
When I went back hme, I happened t see the driver’s business card. I was surprised t find that the driver I had helped was Prfessr Smith wh I wanted t turn t fr help. I cnfidently decided t call him again the next day t make an appintment.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Unexpectedly, early the next mrning, my phne rang.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That afternn, I met Prfessr Smith in his ffice.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Yu can find tracking infrmatin in yur rder details.(您可在订单详情中查找跟踪信息。)”以及后续步骤的第四“1.G t Yur Orders.(转到您的订单。)”可知您可以在“Yur Orders(您的订单)”中找到包裹的跟踪信息。故选A项。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二项黑体字下“Yur rder hasn't shipped yet (您的订单尚未发货)”部分的建议“If yu're nt expecting the package tday， please wait fr the tracking infrmatin t be updated.(如果您今天并不期待包裹到达，请等待跟踪信息更新。)”可知，如果包裹没有按预期到达，应该等待一两天，因为跟踪信息可能会更新。故选B项。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Yu can find tracking infrmatin in yur rder details. If an rder includes multiple items， each may have separate delivery dates and tracking infrmatin.(您可以在详情中找到追踪信息。如果一个订单包含多个商品，每个商品可能有不同的发货日期和追踪信息。)”以及“Hw t track yur package(如何跟踪包惠)”及“Find slutins t cmmn delivery prblems(找到常见的快递问题的解决办法)”可知，文章提供了关于如何追踪包裹、处理常见配送问题的指导如订单未发货、跟踪信息不更新、订单延迟或显示已送达但实际上未收到包裹的情况。这些信息对用户在购物过程中遇到问题时寻求帮助非常有用，因此最有可能出现在网站的客服或帮助中心部分。故选C项。
4.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Shes wrn utside can be media fr all kinds f dirt and micrbes. Accrding t the experts， abut ne-third f the matter building up inside yur hme cmes frm utside， much f it being tracked in n the sles f ur shes.(外面穿的鞋子可能是各种污垢和微生物的媒介。根据专家的说法，你家里大约三分之一的物质来自室外，其中大部分是在我们的鞋底上发现的。)可知，家里产生的污垢大约有三分之一来自室外。故选D。
5.答案：A
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段lt's imprtant nte that nt wearing shes inside is mre than just a hygiene thing. In many cultures arund the wrld， leaving yur shes at the drs a sign f respect， a nd t superstitin and it may even be in service f gd health.(重要的是要注意，不要在里面穿鞋不仅仅是一件卫生的事情。在世界各地的许多文化中，把鞋子放在门口是一种尊重，是对迷信的认可，甚至可能有助于健康。)可知，作者对把鞋子放门口的态度是支持的。故选A。
6.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段A grup f envirnmental chemists wh study what kinds f cntaminants peple are expsed t in their wn hmes claim： wearing yur utside shes inside wn’t just mess up yur carpet； it is， in fact， scientifically wrng. (一组研究人们在自己家中暴露于何种污染物的环境化学家声称把外面的鞋子穿在里面不仅会弄脏地毯事实上，
这在科学上是错误的。)和最后一段It’s imprtant t nte that nt wearing shes inside is mre than just a hygiene thing. In many cultures arund the wrld， leaving yur shes at the dr is a sign f respect， a nd t superstitin and it may even be in service f gd health. Reflexlgists(反射治疗师) say that walking arund bareft can help bst yur circulatin， imprve yur sleep quality and stimulate the reflexes n the sles f yur feet， reducing inflammatin， pain and tensin. (重要的是要注意，不要在里面穿鞋不仅仅是一件卫生的事情。在世界各地的许多文化中，把鞋子放在门口是一种尊重，是对迷信的认可，甚至可能有助于健康。反射科医生说，光着脚四处走动有助于促进血液循环，改善睡眠质量，刺激脚底的反射，减少炎症、疼痛和紧张。)可知，不在室内穿鞋的好处有：表示尊重；避免弄乱地毯；减少污垢数量。没有提到B项：刺激性反射。
7.答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段But the But the real issue is that sme f the disease-causing rganisms fund n ur shes and flrs are drug-resistant， causing illnesses that are difficult t treat. “Cancer-causing txins can be fund n these shes，” scientists say， “s it is best t leave yur filth utside the dr."(但真正的问题是，在我们的鞋子和地板上发现的一些致病生物具有耐药性，导致难以治疗的疾病。科学家说："在这些鞋子上可以发现致癌毒素，所以最好把脏东西放在门外。")可知，文章主要介绍了短文主要讨论了穿鞋进屋的卫生问题和健康影响，因此建议不要穿鞋进屋。D项Leaving shes at the drstep fr health reasns(出于健康原因将鞋子放在门口)是最合适的标题。故选D。
8.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。 根据第一段“Sperm whales can grw up t eighteen meters lng...”可知,抹香鲸可以长到18米长。
9.答案： D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“…a ‘phnetic alphabet(音标)’, which the whales can use t build the very rugh equivalent(对应的事物) f what peple think f as wrds and phrases. They say they have fund fur basic cmpnents that they think make up this phnetic alphabet... says this alphabet culd then be used by the whales in an unlimited number f cmbinatins.”可推断,抹香鲸和人类的交流方式可能相似。
10.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。 根据第五段“Jeremy Gldbgen……wh was nt invlved in the study, said that if
we were ne day able t understand what sperm whales were saying, that knwledge shuld be used fr cnservatin purpses...”可推断, Jeremy Gldbgen认为对于抹香鲸所发出的声音的研究非常有意义。
11.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“David Gruber……says millins and pssibly billins f whale clicks wuld be needed t cllect enugh data t try t wrk ut what the whales are saying...”可知, David Gruber 建议多收集一些抹香鲸的声音数据。
12.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。第一段介绍了英语中的“salary”一词的由来。下文介绍了语言进化同物种进化之间的相似性，这种相似性启发语言学家创建类似于物种树的语言树，帮助推进语言研究。由此可推断，作者在第一段提及“salary”是为了说明语言在不断演变。故选A项。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like bilgical can g extinct, t.”可知，就像生物物种一样，语言会随着时间的推移而变化，有时会“物种化”，产生几种后代语言。就像物种一样，语言也会灭绝。由此可推断，物种和语言有很多相似之处。故选B项。
14.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三、四、五段内容可知，语言进化与生物进化有很多相似之处，因此，一些语言学家经常使用与进化生物学家使用的工具相似的工具。物种树是帮助进化生物学家研究生物进化的重要工具，同时也为语言学家提供了灵感，推动了语言树的建立。故选B项。
15.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。作者在第一段以英语中的“salary”一词的例子说明了语言也在进化，进而在下文介绍物种和语言有很多相似之处，物种树启示语言学家创建语言树来推动语言的研究。D项能概括本文大意。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
答案：16——20：GDFAE
解析：16.根据下文“Treat yurself.”、“Take up a hbby.”以及“Exercise.”可知答案。故选G。
17.根据下文“Treats can be free, and yu can always make time.”可知,不要总是以没有时间和金钱为借口,很多乐事是免费的,时间也总是会有的。故选D。
18.根据小标题“Take up a hbby.”以及下文“The whle pint f a hbby is that it is smething fr yu , s it desn't matter what it is as lng as yu enjy it.”可知,此处在强调兴趣的作用以及重要性。故选F。
19.根据下文“Everyne has things t be grateful fr and making a list helps t cncentrate yur mind n these psitives.”中的“making a list”可知答案。故选 A。
20.根据小标题“Exercise.”以及下文“G running, r get dwn t the gym.”可知,此处在强调锻炼的作用以及重要性。故选E。
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
21.答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：但在成长过程中，他几乎不会阅读。A. regularly 定期地；B.barely几乎不；C.actually事实上；D.prbably可能。根据下文的“Ghunta lived in a rural part f Western Jamaica.”可知，Juleus Ghunta生活在牙买加西部的农村地区，生活条件不佳，学习资源也相对匮乏，由此可推断，在这里他“几乎不”会阅读。故选B项。
22.答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的姐姐们上学时，他被留在家里。A.examined检测；B.cnfirmed 证实；C.attended定期去(某处)，参加、上学(课)；D.attempted尝试。根据上文的“He was kept at hme”以及下文中的“When Ghunta finally went t schl”可知，在她的姐姐们“上学”时，他被留在家里，attend schl意为“上学”。故选C项。
23.答案：A
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当Ghunta最终上学时，他无法在阅读上赶上进度。A. catch up n赶上；B.end up in以……结束；C. stand up with与……站在一起；D. lk up t尊敬。根据上文中的“But when grwing up, he culd __ read.”可知，在他成长过程中几乎不会阅读，结合下文中的“He was kept at hme while his lder sisters ____ schl.”可知，他姐姐们上学的时候，他被留在家里，由此可推断，由于之前缺乏基础，他上学后无法在阅读上“赶上”进度。故选A项。
24.答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多老师让他觉得自己是没用的，这让情况变得更糟。A.independent独立的；B.prud自豪的；C.delighted高兴的；D.wrthless无价值的，没用的。根据下文中的“I struggled in schl with a deep sense f lss and shame." he recalled.”可知，他在学校里感到很挣扎，有一种深深的失落和羞愧感，由此可知，此处指的是许多老师让他觉得自己是“没用的”符合语境。故选D项。
25.答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在12岁的时候，一位年轻的在职教师决定为挣扎中的学生开办一个特殊的阅读项目。A.utstanding杰出的；B.amazing了不起的；C.struggling挣扎中的；D.interesting有趣的。根据上文中的“Istruggled in schl with a deep sense f lss and shame.”可知，Ghunta觉得自己在学校里很挣扎，由此可知，此处指的是为“挣扎中的”学生开办一个特殊的阅读项目。故选C项。
26.答案：B
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Ghunta是第一个报名的学生。A. calm dwn冷静下来；B.sign up报名；C.give in屈服，让步；D. break ut爆发。根据上文中的“Frtunately, at age 12, a yung teacher -in -training decided t start a special reading prgram fr______students.”可知，一位年轻的实习老师为挣扎中的学生开设了一个特殊的阅读项目，由此可知，Ghunta应该是第一个“报名”参加该项目的学生，符合语境。故选B项。
27.答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：那位老师，他不记得她的名字，后来成为了Ghunta的无名英雄——那个改变了他一生的人。A. name 名字；B.attitude 态度；C.respnsibility责任；D.thery理论。根据下文中的“In 2010, Ghunta went back t his ld schl, t ask the principal and teachers if they knew his ld teacher's name.”可知，Ghunta回校后问校长和老师们是否还知道：此处指的Ghunta记不起那个老师的“名字”符合语境。故选A项。
28.答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位老师，他不记得她的名字，后来成为了Ghunta的无名英雄那个改变了他一生的人。A.predicted预测；B.discvered 发现；C.ruined毁坏；D.changed改变。根据上文中的“That teacher, whse______he des nt recall, wuld becme Ghunta's unsung her”以及下文中的“He graduated frm elementary schl with a number f______awards. He went n t cllege, and later, graduate schl. Tday, he is the authr f tw children’s bks.”可知，那个实习教师是Ghunta的无名英雄，这位老师让Ghunta中小学毕业，上了大学，还成了儿童书籍的作家，由此可知，此处指的是那个实习老师“改变”了他的一生。故选D项。
29.答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的指导下，Ghunta的阅读能力终于开始提高。A. prtectin保护；B.guidance指导；C.emplyment雇佣；D.cntrl控制。根据下文中的“Ghunta’s reading skills finally started t imprve.”可知，最终，Ghunta的阅读技能得到提高，由此可知，此处指的是在她的“指导”下，符合语境。故选B项。
30.答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的自我怀疑感开始消失。A. lift消失，消散；B.expand扩张；C.emerge出现；D.disturb打扰。根据上文中的“Under her____,Ghunta's reading skills finally started t imprve.”可知，在老师的指导下，Ghunta的阅读技能得到提高，由此可推断，他的自我怀疑感应该是开始“消失”符合语境。故选A项。
31.答案：C
解析：考查形容词/名词词义辨析。句意：他以多项学业奖项从小学毕业。A.scientific科学的；B.design设计；C.academic学业上的；D.creative有创造力的。根据上文中的“He graduated frm elementary schl”可知，他从小学毕业，所以，此处指的是他应该是获得多项“学业上的”奖励，符合语境。故选C项。
32.答案：A
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他现在正在致力于他的第一部长篇诗集。A. wrking n从事；B.taking in吸收，理解；C.paying back偿还；D.turning dwn拒绝。根据上文中的"Tday, he is the authr f tw children's bks."可知，现在Ghunta是两本儿童书籍的作家，由此可推断，此处指的是他现在正“从事”第一部长篇诗集，符合语境。故选A项。
33.答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很想让她看到她对我的生活产生的重大影响，以及我如何将对她的记忆希望、光明--带在身边，并且它一直是我快乐的源泉。A.negative消极的；B.financial金融的；C.instant立刻的；D.significant意义重大的，显著的。根据上文中的“That teacher, whse_______he des nt recall, wuld becme Ghunta's unsung her--the persn wh______his life.”可知，Ghunta把那位实习老师看做无名英雄，一位改变了他一生的人，由此可推断，此处指的是Ghunta想让那位老师看到她对自己的生活产生的“重大的”影响。故选D项。
34.答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很想让她看到她对我的生活产生的重大影响，以及我如何将对她的记忆-希望、光明-带在身边，并且它一直是我快乐的源泉。A.prmise承诺；B.issue问题；C.memry记忆力；D.bservatin观察。根据下文中的“the hpe, the light, with me”可知，在Ghunta看来，这位老师对他的一生产生了重大影响，是这位老师给他带来了希望和光明，由此可推断，他想让这位老师看到，他如何把对老师的“记忆”带在身边的。故选C项。
35.答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很想让她看到她对我的生活产生的重大影响，以及我如何将对她的记忆希望、光明-带在身边，并且它一直是我快乐的源泉。A. stability稳定性；B.leisure休闲；C.harmny和谐；D.jy快乐。根据上文中的“I wuld lve fr her t see the_______impact that she has made n my life, and the ways in which I have carried this_____f her -the hpe, the light, with me”可知，这位老师对Ghunta的一生产生了重大的影响，给他带来了希望和光明，Ghunta将老师以光明和希望的方式牢记于心，这种希望和光明应该是Ghunta“快乐”的源泉，符合语境。故选D项。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
答案：36.luckier；37.living；38.as；39.a；40.are saked；41.hw；42.dressed；43.had met；44.minrities；45.rughly
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了泼水节的习俗。
36.考查比较级。句意：人们在你身上泼的水越多，你的生活就会越幸运。此处为the+比较级，the+比较级句型。故填luckier。
37.考查非谓语动词。句意：这个节日是傣族最重要的节日之一，傣族主要生活在西双版纳傣族，
他们把这个节日当作新的一年，组织像泼水和龙舟比赛这样的活动。此处grup与live构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填living。
38.考查介词。句意：这个节日是傣族最重要的节日之一，傣族主要生活在西双版纳傣族，他们把这个节日当作新的一年，组织像泼水和龙舟比赛这样的活动。短语recgnize sth. as...表示“把……当作”。故填as。
39.考查冠词。句意：“水”是傣族人在元旦送祝福的一种独特方式。此处way为泛指“一种”，且unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
40.考查时态语态。句意：你被淋湿的越多，得到的祝福就越多。主语yu与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文get可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are saked。
41.考查表语从句。句意：这是人们表达对未来的感受和愿望的方式。引导表语从句，表示“如何”应用hw。故填hw。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意：一位来自美国的游客说，两个穿着傣族服装的老妇人往他身上泼水，他也泼了回去。短语be dressed in表示“穿着”，此处过去分词作定语。故填dressed。
43.考查虚拟语气。句意：笑声和水交织在一起，让他们觉得他们是最好的朋友，好像他们以前见过面一样。此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句应用过去完成时。故填had met。
44.考查名词的数。句意：西双版纳是12个少数民族的家园，边境线长达966.3公里。根据上文12可知应用复数形式。故填minrities。
45.考查副词。句意：柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸和老挝等邻国也庆祝这个节日，时间是在傣族历的六月中旬，大约在中国清明节的前后十天。修饰后文短语应用副词rughly，故填rughly。
第三部分 写作 (共两节， 满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46.答案：
Dear Jack,
I’m mre than excited t receive a birthday gift frm yu. Hnestly speaking, I didn’t expect that I culd get a ticket fr the painting exhibitin that I had been lking frward t attending. I’m deeply grateful fr yur surprise.
With that precius ticket, I went t the exhibitin, which featured amazing paintings frm wrld-famus artists. While admiring thse paintings, I felt myself wandering in a wrld full f greatness and fantasy. In a wrd, I really enjyed the exhibitin.
T express my heartfelt gratitude, I’ve sent yu a Chinese dictinary by mail, hping yu will like it. Wrds fail t cnvey my gratitude. Thanks again.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：1.词汇积累
表达：express→extend
参加：attend→participate in
宝贵的：precius→valuable
总之：in a wrd→in shrt
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：T express my gratitude, I've sent yu a Chinese dictinary by mail, hping yu will like it.
拓展句：I've sent yu a Chinese dictinary by mail because I want t express my gratitude, hping yu will like it.
[高分句型1] Hnestly speaking, I didn't expect that I culd get a ticket fr the painting exhibitin that I had been lking frward t attending.(运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] With that precius ticket, I went t the exhibitin, which featured amazing paintings frm wrld-famus artists.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47.答案：
Unexpectedly, early the next mrning, my phne rang. It was Prfessr Smith's vice. "Gd mrning, I just fund ut it was yu that ne called me fr help. I believe we met yesterday in a rather unusual circumstance," he began t say. I was astnished. He cntinued, “I'm calling t thank yu fr yur assistance and t see if yu're free t discuss yur dctral aspiratins this afternn.” His vice was filled with sincerity, and I culd hardly cntain my excitement. "Of curse，Prfessr Smith," I respnded, feeling a surge f hpe.
That afternn, I met Prfessr Smith in his ffice. He insisted n giving me my mney back, althugh I refused several times. Then he discussed with me abut my academic gals and invited me t jin his dctral prgram. His unexpected call paved the way fr a new chapter in my academic jurney. As we cmmunicated, I realized that smetimes, the mst significant pprtunities culd arise frm the simplest acts f kindness. It was a lessn that I wuld carry with me thrughut my career.
解析：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在不经意间帮助了遇到交通事故的司机。后来发现这位司机正是他要提升学历需要得到他的指导的博士生导师。作者感悟到最重要的机会可能来自最简单的善举。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“没想到，第二天一早，我的电话响了。”可知，第一段可描写作者接到了史密斯教授的电话，教授了解到作者的博士理想。
②由第二段首句内容“那天下午，我在史密斯教授的办公室见到了他。”可知，第二段可描写作者和史密斯教授见面的情况，教授坚持还给作者所付的钱并邀请作者加入他的博士团队。
2.续写线索：教授回电话——教授了解作者的博士理想——见到教授——受邀加入博士团队——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①发现：find ut / spt /discver
②充满了：was filled with / was full f
③回答：respnded /replied
情绪类
①惊讶的：astnished /surprised
②几乎无法抑制我的兴奋：culd hardly cntain my excitement / culd hardly suppress my excitement
[高分句型1]Gd mrning, I just fund ut it was yu that ne called me fr help. (使用了省略that引导的宾语从句，从句使用强调句型)
[高分句型2]I'm calling t thank yu fr yur assistance and t see if yu're free t discuss yur dctral aspiratins this afternn.(使用了if引导的宾语从句)