高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（7）

这是一份高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习（7），共11页。
Sil is made up f a number f layers(层),each having its wn distinctive clur and texture. The upper layer is knw as the litter. It acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water lss. The tpsil layer is made up f small particles f rck mixed with rtten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the tpsil its dark clur. This layer is usually rich in nutrients,xygen,and water. Belw the tpsil is the subsil,a layer that cntains mre stnes mixed with nly small amunts f rganic matter. This layer is lighter in clur because f the lack f humus. Beneath the sil lies a layer f bedrck.
Sil frms frm the bttm up. Over time bedrck is attacked by rain,wind,frst,and snw. It is gradually brken dwn int smaller particles in a prcess called weathering. Plants begin t grw,and rtten materials enrich the tpsil. Mst f the sil in Eastern Canada,fr example,was frmed frm weathered rck that was expsed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ag.
Water Beneath the Sil
Surface water cllects and flws abve the grund in lakes,pnds,and rivers. Once in the sil r rck,it is called grundwater. Gravity pulls grundwater thrugh the sil in a prcess called perclatin(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrck thrugh which water cannt perclate.
As water perclates dwnward,it disslves rganic matter and minerals frm the sil and carries them t deeper layers. This causes a serius prblem because plants require these nutrients fr grwth.
Sil pH
Sil can be acidic,neutral,r basic. The pH f the sil is determined by the nature f the rck frm which it was frmed,and by the nature f the plants that grw and rt in it.
The acidity f rain and snw can lwer the pH f the grundwater that enters the sil. By burning fssil fuels such as cal,il and gasline,humans have been cntributing t higher levels f acidity in many sils. When fssil fuels are burned,gases are released int the air and then fall back t earth as acid rain. Acid sil increases the prblem f carrying nutrients t lwer sil levels. As nutrients are remved,sil is less fertile. Plants grw mre slwly in acidic sil,and als becme easily attacked by diseases.
1. The layer f sil that prvides necessary nutrients fr plant grwth is called .
A. litter B. tpsil C. humus D. Subsil
2. Accrding t the text,which f the fllwing isNOT true?
A. Sil frms frm weathered rck n the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer f sil is darker in clur than the surface sil.
C. Air pllutin is partially respnsible fr acid sil.
D. Grundwater tends t carry away nutrients fr plant grwth.
3. We can infer frm the passage that the water table lies .
A. between the tpsil layer and the subsil layer
B. in the subsil layer abve bedrck
C. between the subsil layer and bedrck
D. in the bedrck layer beneath the subsil
4. The underlined wrd“disslve” is used t express the idea that rganic matter and minerals frm sil are .
A. rushed away int the river B. cleaned and purified by water
C. destryed and carried away by water D. mixed with water and becme part f it
【参考答案】1--4、BBCD
社会生活类阅读理解。
Sprts accunt fr a grwing amunt f incme made n the sales f cmmercial time by televisin cmpanies. Many televisin cmpanies have used sprts t attract viewers frm particular sectins f the general public, and then they have sld audiences t advertisers.
An attractin f sprt prgrams fr the majr U.S. media cmpanies is that events are ften held n Saturday and Sunday afternns—the slwest time perids f the week fr general televisin viewing. Sprt events are the mst ppular weekend prgrams, especially amng male viewers wh may nt watch much televisin at ther times during the week. This means the televisin netwrks are able t sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what nrmally wuld be dead time fr prgramming.
Media crpratins als use sprts t attract cmmercial spnsrs that might take their advertising dllars elsewhere if televisin statins did nt reprt certain sprts. The peple in the advertising departments f majr crpratins realize that sprts attract male viewers. They als realize that mst business travelers are men and that many men make family decisins n the purchases f cmputers, cars and life insurance.
Glf and tennis are special cases fr televisin prgramming. These sprts attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually lw. Hwever, the audience fr these sprts is attractive t certain advertisers. It is made up f peple frm the highest incme grups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers. This is why televisin reprting f glf and tennis is spnsred by cmpanies selling high- priced cars, business and persnal cmputers, and hliday trips. This is als why the netwrks cntinue t carry these prgrams regardless f lw ratings. Advertisers are willing t pay high fees t reach high- incme cnsumers and thse managers wh make decisins t buy thusands f “cmpany cars” and cmputers. With such viewers, these prgrams dn’t need high ratings t stay n the air.
1. Televisin sprt prgrams n weekend afternns_____.
A. result in mre sprt events
B. get mre viewers t play sprts
C. make mre peple interested in televisin
D. bring mre mney t the televisin netwrks
2. Why wuld weekend afternns becme dead time withut sprt prgrams?
A. Because there wuld be few viewers.
B. Because the advertisers wuld be ff wrk.
C. Because televisin prgrams wuld g slwly.
D. Because viewers wuld pay less fr watching televisin.
3. In many families, men make decisins n .
A. hliday trips B. sprts viewing
C. televisin shpping D. expensive purchases
4. The ratings are nt imprtant fr glf and tennis prgrams because _____.
A. their advertisers are carmakers
B. their viewers are attracted by sprts
C. their advertisers target at rich peple
D. their viewers can affrd expensive cars
5. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Televisin ratings are determined by male viewers.
B. Rich viewers cntribute mst t televisin cmpanies.
C. Sprts are gaining imprtance in advertising n televisin.
D. Cmmercial advertisers are the majr spnsrs f sprt events.
【参考答案】44.DADCC
阅读理解
Awareness Weeks （认知宣传周）have becme a regular part f Britain’s cultural landscape ver the past few years . They started back in 1957, when ne charity （慈善机构）, Christian Aid, decided t make all its mney-raising effrts n ne time f year. It was thught that by ding this they wuld get mre publicity fr their cause.
They were right, and sn ther charities and campaign （活动）grups fllwed them. These days , mst dnatins（捐款）t charity are nt cllected n the streets. S instead f just asking fr mney, charities prefer t spend their time “raising awareness” —spreading knwledge f the wrk they d r the cause they supprt . They als cmpete with businesses and trade grups wh use awareness weeks as marketing campaigns fr their prducts.
There are nw 500 awareness weeks held every year in the UK. N week ges by withut ne grup r anther trying t make the British public aware f smething, with mst held in May r Octber.
The danger with all these awareness weeks is that peple start t becme cynical(不信任). Take Natinal Smile Week; it seems like a great idea. Let’s all make each ther’s life a little bit happier with a friendly smile. But really it’s just a grup f dentists and csmetics cmpanies trying t sell us tthpaste. It’s enugh t make yu want t start Natinal Frget Abut It Week.
“Peple feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises,” says Ms Ormistn , wh edits the Awareness Campaign Register, a news letter which encurages peple wh run Awareness Weeks t becme mre aware f each ther . “But 90 per cent f campaigns are run by traditinal charities r nt fr grups t make mney.”
“There’s still n fficial grup fr awareness campaigns,” says Ms Ormistn. “Peple can d what they like, whatever the size f their budgets（经费）r their public relatins machines allws .”
This situatin has led t calls fr laws t stp real charities having their effrts vershadwed by marketing campaigns. This culd be dne by making the tw grups hld their weeks at different times r stpping businesses running imitatin(模仿) charity campaigns.
But there is anther way. Maybe it’s time fr Natinal Weak Awareness Week, especially fr peple whse awareness f Awareness Weeks is weak.
1. What’s the main purpse f awareness weeks run by charities in Britain?
A. T raise mney fr charities.B. T spread knwledge f charities.
C. T take up marketing campaigns.D. T advertise their gds fr sale.
答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第一段第二句话 “…decided t make all its mney-raising effrts n ne time f year.”可知，答案为A。
2. Why d peple start t becme cynical abut awareness weeks?
A. T many awareness weeks make peple feel bred.[
B. Peple feel many awareness weeks are just fr marketing exercises.
C. Peple have a weak awareness f awareness weeks.
D. Awareness weeks are held t ften and t much mney is raised.
答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。第四段中提到了人们开始对认知宣传周不满意，第五段中首句 “Peple feel that many awareness campaigns are just marketing exercises…”可知，答案为B。
3. What des Ms Ormistn think abut awareness weeks?
A. Mst f the awareness weeks shuld nt be fr making mney.
B. Official grups shuld take the place f charities in awareness campaigns.
C. Peple can d what they like in awareness weeks.
D. Peple can get larger budgets thrugh awareness campaigns.
答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第五段的最后一句话 ““But 90 per cent f campaigns are run by traditinal charities r nt fr grups t make mney.”可知，答案为A。在第六段中Ms Ormistn提到认知宣传活动没有正式的群体（n fficial grup fr awareness campaigns），因而人们可以做他们想做的，不考虑到活动经费或者公共关系机器所允许的范围。故B，C，D都与文意不符。
4. Which f the fllwing is the right measure t be taken t slve the prblems in awareness campaigns?
A. Laws shuld stp awareness weeks run by real charities.
B. There shuld be large public relatins departments in awareness campaigns.
C. Business and awareness campaigns shuld nt be held at the same place.
D. Marketing campaigns shuld nt be in the name f charity nes.
答案解析：答案为D。本题为推理题。从倒数第二段首句 “This situatin has led t calls fr laws t stp real charities having their effrts vershadwed by marketing campaigns.”可知，要解决前面提到的问题就要制定法律来阻止真正的慈善活动被市场营销活动所过度遮蔽，言外之意就是市场营销活动不应在慈善活动的名义下进行。故答案为D。A选项与文意不符；B选项未提及。倒数第二段的第二句话 “This culd be dne by making the tw grups hld their weeks at different times r stpping businesses running imitatin charity campaigns.”可知，文中提到了 “different times”，而非C 选项的 “nt be held at the same place”, 故C选项不正确。
5. What’s the writer’s view n Awareness Weeks?
A. Natinal Frget Abut It Week shuld be held t stp awareness weeks.
B. Natinal Smile Week is a great idea t imprve peple’s life.
C. Natinal Weak Awareness Week can help peple better understand awareness weeks.
D. Awareness Weeks shuld be stpped because f marketing campaigns.
答案解析：答案为C。本题考查作者的观点态度。最后一段中，作者提到 “Maybe it’s time fr Natinal Weak Awareness Week, especially fr peple whse awareness f Awareness Weeks is weak.”，由此可知，作者认为对那些认知宣传周意识薄弱的人要进行宣传，言外之意就是Natinal Weak Awareness Week可以帮助人们更好的理解认知宣传周。故答案为C。 A，B, D 都与文意不符。
【2015高考复习】完形填空
Grwing up，I always dreamed f being a prfessinal skater.After years f hard wrk，I am living prf that dreams can cme true.
When I was brn，my parents immediately nticed smething__16__and the dctr said I culdn't skate.I，hwever，__17__trying skating in an ice rink(溜冰场)，where lcal skaters__18__perfrm ice shws.I started taking grup skating lessns，and perfrming n ice came naturally，but I have always been__19__t speak in grup settings.One thing I've never been afraid f is__20__，thugh.I get nervus，but never__21__.Fr me，skating has been abut being my persnal best__22__beating thers n the ice.I prgressed thrugh varius__23__rapidly and gave my first ice perfrmance at seven.Sn I started winning lcal and reginal cmpetitins.That's__24__being n the ice has always been the ne place where I can__25__express my wn emtins.The ice is like hme.
When I was nine years ld I began training__26__.I wuld wake up at fur 'clck in the mrning six days a week and skate fr five hurs.Then I'd g t schl.Since__27__has always been imprtant in my family，I had n__28__but t find creative ways t fit in schl studies thrughut my__29__career.
After graduating frm high schl，I mved t Canada and set ut t train full­time t give my dreams a chance at reality.In 1992 I went t cmpete in the Olympic Games.__30__，nt my cach r even my family，ever talked t me abut winning a gld medal.In fact，I wuldn't even__31__myself t think abut it.I thught that wuld disturb me.__32__，I went with the attitude that I wanted t enjy the Olympic spirit.__33__the expectatin f all the peple，I wn the gld medal and wrds culdn't describe the verwhelming mixture f emtins I felt.Then I truly understd what__34__mst in achieving a dream is nt t__35__it when yu face difficulties，but strive t make it cme true.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，描述一位奥运会滑冰金牌获得者的成长历程。作者经过坚持不懈的努力，克服了身体的缺陷，终于走上了奥运会的领奖台，这说明：只要坚持和努力，梦想就能变为现实。
16．A.unique B．wrngC．unbelievable D．unacceptable
答案 B [根据下文医生说我不能滑冰可判断我生下来身体就有缺陷，选wrng“(身体)有毛病的”。]
17．A.decided t B．led tC．insisted n D．fixed n
答案 C [根据下文我参加了滑冰课程和训练可知我坚持要练习滑冰。insist n ding sth“坚持做某事”。]
18．A.culd B．shuld C．might D．wuld
答案 D [在那里当地的滑冰者经常进行滑冰表演。wuld在此处表示“过去常常做某事”。]
19．A.dubtful B．brave C．shy D．disabled
答案 C [根据上文的连词“but”以及“I've never been afraid f”，可知当时我羞于在滑冰训练的小组中讲话。]
20．A.cmpetitin B．expressinC．exchange D．display
答案 A [根据下文我很快通过了不同级别的考核可知我不惧怕比寒。cmpetitin“比赛，竞赛”。]
21．A.annyed B．disappinted
C．sad D．fearful
答案 D [由上文“我不害怕比赛”可知，我感到紧张，但从未感到害怕过。fearful“害怕的，担心的”，符合语境。]
22．A.rather than B．ther than
C．except fr D．as fr
答案 A [对我而言，滑冰已是做最好的自己，而不是在冰上击败别人。rather than“而不是”，符合语境。ther than“除了”；except fr“除……之外”；as fr“关于”。]
23．A.psitins B．levels C．pints D．ways
答案 B [通过训练我的滑冰水平提高很快。level“水平，标准”，符合语境。]
24．A.where B．why C．when D．because
答案 D [那是因为冰上是我能真实地表达情感的地方。]
25．A.easily B．immediately
C．truly D．slwly
答案 C [见上题解析。truly“真实地”，符合语境。]
26．A.freely B．cmfrtably
C．seriusly D．quickly
答案 C [根据下一句“我早上4点钟就起床开始训练”可知我开始认真地进行训练。seriusly“严肃地，认真地”，符合语境。]
27．A.educatin B．wealthC．reputatin D．health
答案 A [根据下文我在训练的同时还要想方设法学好功课可判断在我的家庭中教育是非常重要的。]
28．A.chance B．chice C．gal D．freedm
答案 B [have n chice but t d是固定句型，意为“别无选择，只能做某
事”。]
29．A.bring B．aimless C．amateur D．nrmal
答案 C [根据下文我高中毕业之后才进行专业的训练可知以前的训练都是业余的。amateur“业余的”。]
30．A.Smebdy B．Everybdy
C．Anybdy D．Nbdy
答案 D [没有人，包括我的教练甚至我的家人都没有向我谈起拿金牌的
事。]
31．A.allw B．prmise C．frce D．discurage
答案 A [事实上，我甚至也不允许我自己想这件事。]
32．A.Hwever B．TherefreC．Besides D．Naturally
答案 B [因此，我以想享受奥林匹克精神的态度参加了比赛。上下文构成因果关系，选Therefre。]
33．A.Beynd B．Within C．Despite D．Withut
答案 A [超出每个人的预料，我赢得了金牌。beynd“超过(可能范围)”。]
34．A.stresses B．appliesC．matters D．acts
答案 C [后来我真正意识到：在实现梦想的过程中最重要的不是面对困难选择放弃而是要竭尽全力直至梦想成真。matter“重要，有关系，要紧”，符合语境。]
35．A.ruin B．ignre C．change D．abandn
答案 D [见上题解析。abandn“放弃(信念、信仰或看法)”，符合语境。]