2024年中考英语：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别&练习

这是一份2024年中考英语：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别&练习，共8页。
以前：很多英语老师这样解释一般过去时和现在完成时的区别：一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或单纯叙述过去发生的事，强调动作行为发生了；现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的且对现在有影响的动作。
举例：
(1)I saw this film yesterday.
(2)I have seen this film.
以前：(1)句是一般过去时，表示昨天看电影了，动作发生在过去；（2）句是现在完成时，也表示动作发生了，但强调对现在的影响（这里所说的影响可能是已经知道电影的内容了）。这样介绍语法规则和讲解例句，真的能帮助学生准确理解两种时态的区别吗？
疑问：
1）如果（2）句表示已经知道电影的内容了，那么（1）句表示还不知道电影的内容吗？既然昨天看了电影，就应该知道电影的内容。
2）如果（2）句强调对现在的影响，那么是什么影响呢?知道电影的内容是一种影响吗?
3）如果这样讲解一般过去时和现在完成时的区别，学生能真正理解什么情况下使用哪种时态吗？
现在：(程老师)如果在相对完整的语境下讲解，这两个时态的区别就明显了。
例1：
Tny: Shall we g and watch Kung Fu Panda 2 tnight?
Mike: I’ve seen it.
Tny: Really? When did yu see it?
Mike: I saw it yesterday.
在以上对话中，Tny问Mike晚上要不要一起去看电影《功夫熊猫2》。Mike说他已经看过了。当Mike说“I’ve seen it.”的时候，他表达的重点是：这部电影已经看过了，所以不需要再看了。接着,Tny又问他“When did yu see it?”,Mike回答“I saw it yesterday.”最后两句话的重点是看电影的时间，所以用一般过去时。
例2：
A: What did yu have fr breakfast this mrning?
B: I didn’t eat breakfast this mrning. I didn’t have any time. I didn’t d my hmewrk last night.
(2) A: I haven’t eaten breakfast yet and it is 10 a.m. I have bagels, cereal, cranberry juice, atmeal, bacn, and eggs. What shuld I have?
B: It’s 10 a.m. nw if yu haven’t eaten breakfast, make it a brunch and have a little f everything.
在例句（1）中，A 问B早餐吃了什么，B陈述没有吃早餐的事实及其原因，没有其他额外的意图和信息。在例句（2）中，A不仅陈述没吃早餐的事实，而且问B自己该吃什么（这是A发起对话的主要意图）。这里A为什么使用现在完成时来陈述没吃早餐的事实呢？因为他（她）希望表达的意图是：到目前为止还没有吃，而且还想吃。B回答说：现在都10点了，如果你还没吃早餐（用的是现在完成时），就干脆吃一顿早午餐把。
从以上分析可以看出，现在完成时强调某事（通常是期望做的事）是否已经做了。如果做了，就不需要再做了；如果还没做，就要继续做或进行其他安排。一般过去时只是陈述过去发生或未发生的事。
情境创设：假设老师在课堂上收学生的课后作业，一位学生没有完成作业，他（她）应该怎样向老师陈述作业未完成这件事呢？
A. I didn’t d my hmewrk.
B. I haven’t dne my hmewrk.
选A. 那么主要陈述未做作业的事实，基本上无其他意义。也许因为主观上拒绝做作业，也许因为客观上没有时间做作业。
选B. 表示到目前为止尚未完成作业，但暗含“我还会做，还会交”的意思。
这两句话在一定程度上反映了学生对作业的不同态度。
现在完成时和一般过去时
辨析
误：When have yu seen her? This mrning? Yesterday?
正：When did yu see her? This mrning? Yesterday?
误：He has left Shanghai fr a lng time.
正：He left Shanghai a lng time ag.
误：I have cme t Shanghai three years.
正：I have been in Shanghai fr three years. / I came t Shanghai three years ag.
误：My email address changed, I will give yu the new ne.
正：My email address has changed, I will give yu the new ne.
误：They have mved here in 2018.
正：They mved here in 2018.
误：They have left a few minutes ag.
正：They left a few minutes ag.
误：Frm last week I have changed my class.
正：I changed class last week.
实例
I wrked there frm 2014 t 2017 (finished perid).
I have wrked / have been wrking there since 2018 (unfinished perid – I still wrk there).
She set up the cmpany in 2018. She has set up many cmpanies in the last ten years.
They went t the bar an hur ag. They have been at the bar fr an hur.
I bught these bks at the new bk shp. I’ve bught s many bks that I dn’t knw where t put them.
Last year yu made a lt prgress. I can see that yu’ve made a lt f prgress this year t.
The stck market crashed twice last year. The stck market has crashed twice this year and it’s nly August.
We have redesigned ur website - take a lk at it. We riginally designed it five years ag.
用法
你对现在完成时或一般过去时的选择常常取决于你所用的时间表达方式。在上面灰色阴影框中的例子中 [个人注：即实例部分]，这些时间表达式用斜体表示。另见第39章。
在下列情况下不要使用现在完成时：
谈论最近（甚至一秒钟前）或遥远的过去完成的动作。
说某事何时发生（例如，yesterday, last week, when she was at university, many years ag），你必须使用一般过去时而不是现在完成时。
与通常与一般过去时相关的时间表达式使用：yesterday, last night, a few minutes ag, in 1945, when, then, befre, after等。
练习
一．从黑体部分选择正确的形式。在一种情况下，这两种形式都是可能的。
I have been there tw weeks ag / befre.
They have cme back this mrning / just cme back.
We’ve dne tw exercises s far / this week.
They’ve emailed five times yesterday / in the last three hurs.
They haven’t dne it last week / still haven’t dne it.
They have wrked here in 2018 / since 2018.
She has been a prfessr fr many years / in 2017.
They have wn all their matches last seasn / this seasn.
Were yu ever in Mnglia? / in Mnglia fr yur hlidays?
Have yu seen her tday / yesterday?
用括号内的适当形式填空。
Yesterday I went t the park and I _____ (see) many beautiful flwers.
2. I _____ (finish) my hmewrk already, s I can watch TV nw.
3.My dad _____ (buy) a new phne yesterday and he is very happy.
4. I _____ (nt eat) breakfast, s I'm very hungry nw.
5. They _____ (live) here fr three years already and they are very familiar with this place （ 对这个地方非常熟悉）
三．用have been t , have gne t 填空：
1. I _____ Beijing twice. It's a beautiful city.
2. My sister _____ Shanghai. She will be back next week.
3. Have yu ever _____ Japan? It's a fascinating cuntry.
4. My brther _____ the cinema. He'll be back sn.