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2023-2024学年北京市朝阳区高一下学期期末英语试题（含解析）
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这是一份2023-2024学年北京市朝阳区高一下学期期末英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了选词填空-句子，阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，单句语法填空，阅读表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、选词填空-句子：本大题共1小题，共10分。
1.
(1) Mary ________ patience waiting fr the bus that was an hur late.
(2) The prblems have been fixed and we can ________ the wrk nw.
(3) Jhn was ________ winning the game when he fell and brke his ankle.
(4) If there is any questin, please ________ ur website fr mre infrmatin.
(5) If the manager retires sn, Jack ________ the cmpany and make changes.
(6) The cultural festival aims t ________ friendship between the tw cuntries.
(7) A buyer always ________ the cntents are wnderful if the package is wrapped well.
(8) The sldiers have dne a(n) ________ jb in making sure that all the supplies gt thrugh.
(9) While I was reading the newspaper, I ________ an interesting article abut space explratin.
(10) Lessns frm histry ________ that the mst successful technlgies are thse that make their mark scially.
二、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共28分。
A
D these lk like skates? They’re Mnwalkers, battery-pwered shes with wheels. They are billed as “the wrld’s fastest shes”.
Hw d Mnwalkers wrk?
Fix Mnwalkers t yur shes, pwer them n, and begin walking. The artificial intelligence sttware driving Mnwalkers measures and adjusts (调整) n-the-fly t bth the terrain (地形) yu’re n and the way yu walk, prviding safe and enjyable walking experience.
Mnwalkers mve nly when yu d. They sense when yu’re speeding up r slwing dwn. LOCK mde allws yu t g up and dwn stairs cnfidently.
Why d yu chse Mnwalkers?
·Walk at the speed f a run: Get t where yu’re ging in less than half the time it nrmally takes. With a tp speed f 7 mph, Mnwalkers imprve every step.
·Expand (扩大) yur ftprint: Mnwalkers make walking many city blcks, even further, n sweat.
·Less stress: Less walking equals less stress n yur bdy. Mnwalkers feature a user-friendly system that helps yu naturally maintain mbility and balance.
·Freedm t g anywhere: Tested n dirt and much mre, Mnwalkers can handle ur current city and allw yu t walk a hill like it’s nthing. Als, Mnwalkers can survive walking thrugh rain. Despite their wide uses, they are nt rller skates, s they d nt freewheel, ever.
What is the maximum user weight?
Mnwalkers can supprt a maximum user weight f 220lbs (100kg). If yu weigh mre than 220lbs, yu can still use Mnwalkers but will experience slightly reduced perfrmance in certain edge cases.
2.What can we knw abut Mnwalkers?
A. They are pwered by walking.B. They help with stair climbing.
C. They are assisted by technlgy.D. They can replace rdinary shes.
3.With Mnwalkers, users may ________.
A. walk as fast as they like
B. practise their skating skills
C. challenge their senses f balance
D. travel further with less tiredness
4.Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing might affect the Mnwalkers’ functin?
A. The hilly terrain.B. The rainy weather.
C. The user weight.D. The walking distance.
B
Steph put sme flwers “brrwed” frm her neighbur Mrs Rbinsn’s garden next t her cld breakfast and cstly plates, and tk a pht. She wanted t brighten the clurs n her picture. Chsing a filter (滤镜), she nticed TrueBeauty dwnladed befre. Her picture lked perfect with that filter. She psted it n the scial media fr her 15k fllwers, hping they wuld wish t have the same life as she shwed. Then she threw away the fd nw that it was cld.
Steph was surprised t get s few likes and s many negative cmments. She lked again at the picture she had psted. Her picture shwed a hrrible breakfast with flies all ver them and the flwers were dead. She tried t delete (删除) the pht, but she culdn’t. Just then, she received a message. Steph read:
Steph made her accunt private t hide the ugly pictures. She didn’t want t d anything if she culdn’t pst phts f her life. With nthing t d, she went dwnstairs, past Mrs Rbinsn’s garden. She nticed the smell f the flwers fr the first time. Lvely! Then she saw Mrs Rbinsn watering the plants. She ffered t help. A cuple f hurs later, they were dne with the wrk. Steph had enjyed herself a lt. They tk a picture, standing tgether in frnt f the rses and smiling.
Later that evening Steph lked at the picture n her phne. She changed the clurs a little bit. The rses lked beautiful anyway, with r withut any changes. Nthing culd imprve the smiles n her and Mrs Rbinsn’s faces. A really beautiful picture! She psted this picture. It lked exactly the same nline! She made her accunt public again and added sme text t the pht: Beauty in the garden.
5.Why did Steph pst the filtered picture nline?
A. T shw ff her life.B. T try ut a new filter.
C. T share her tasty breakfast.D. T teach phtgraphy skills.
6.What can we learn abut TrueBeauty?
A. It imprves the ugly pictures.
B. It calls n us t behave hnestly.
C. It advises us t hide cmments.
D. It cares abut its users’ feelings.
7.Hw did Steph feel abut gardening with Mrs Rbinsn?
A. Uplifted.B. Cnfused.C. Cnfident.D. Lucky.
8.What wuld the authr mst pssibly write next?
A. Steph n lnger psted her life n scial media.
B. Steph successfully remved the TrueBeauty app.
C. Steph learned t imprve her appreciatin f beauty.
D. Steph inspired her fllwers t value their inner self.
C
Whether picturing yur next vacatin r an ideal mark fr an imprtant exam, it is enjyable t let yur mind wander int daydreaming. Als daydreaming allws us t mve mentally in time and space, rehearsing (预演) different pssible scenes f the future. Hwever, while the benefits f daydreaming were cming t light, psychlgist Eli Smer fund that sme f his patients’ fantasies were replacing real scial interactins and, as a result, were undermining (逐渐削弱) their ability t maintain daily relatinships.
Psychlgists call repetitive actins that hld back an individual’s ability t cpe with daily life “maladaptive behaviurs”. In recent years, Smer has teamed up with thers t explre the behaviur. One f their studies cmpared 340 maladaptive daydreamers with the cntrl grup. The frmer reprted that their daydreams were hard t cntrl and disturbed their lives. They spent an average f 56 percent f their waking hurs in fantasy wrlds featuring imaginary characters and detailed plts (情节). Unlike regular daydreams, theirs ften invlved rcking frm side t side r uncntrllable facial expressins. Other research suggests that maladaptive daydreams can take many frms, frm amusing t serius, but they tend t be mre emtinally intense than regular daydreams.
Explring this behaviur further, Smer’s team asked 77 peple t keep a diary f the emtins assciated with their maladaptive daydreaming. This revealed that it brught increases in negative emtins, alng with signs f depressin, scial anxiety and general anxiety.
The study als fund that maladaptive daydreaming was a behaviural addictin. The scientists wh first prpsed this in 2018 pinted ut that, like many addictive tendencies, it ffers a mmentary escape frm stressful thughts and unfavurable realities.
“Many prfessinals bject t treating maladaptive daydreaming as disease,” says Smer. As yu wuld expect fr a cnditin that isn’t yet widely recgnised, treatment and management ptins are still being develped and tested. Mnitring the behaviur, its cnditins and emtinal cnsequences (后果) may help individuals cntrl it. Als, practising mindfulness meditatin may be helpful in staying in the present rather than escaping t fantasy wrlds. Other techniques invlve recrding ccurrences f maladaptive daydreaming and pssible causes in a jurnal, and rewarding persnal milestnes in preventing these fantasies.
Nam, an Israeli student wh has been struggling with maladaptive daydreaming, is prf that maladaptive daydreaming can be managed. Just tw mnths after starting treatment with Smer, his daily daydreaming has fallen frm 16 hurs t arund 7 hurs. “I really want t get better, t take pleasure in my life as it is and t lve nly the peple wh are part f my life and deserve my care,” he says.
9.What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Regular daydreams take a wider range f frms.
B. Maladaptive daydreaming is mre likely t be habitual.
C. Mre detailed imaginary plts lead t better daydreaming.
D. Fewer emtinal changes are seen in maladaptive daydreams.
10.As fr maladaptive daydreaming, which wuld Smer agree with?
A. Experts shuld take it seriusly.
B. It can lead us t preview future events.
C. It prvides us with an access t relieving stress.
D. Keeping a jurnal has prved t be its reliable cure.
11.What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T make a cmparisn between tw kinds f daydreaming.
B. T present the findings f studies n maladaptive daydreaming.
C. T intrduce appraches t managing maladaptive daydreaming.
D. T attach imprtance t dealing with the dark side f daydreaming.
D
Being scped (抢先) t a discvery is a scientist’s least desirable thing. “Yu get a meaningful advantage fr being first, but being scped may nt be as damaging as peple seem t fear,” says Carlyn Stein, an ecnmist at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) in Cambridge.
The histry f science is full f cmpetitin. Charles Darwin rushed ut his bk On the Origin f Species after receiving a manuscript (手稿) detailing similar ideas frm Alfred Russel Wallace, and Isaac Newtn, Gttfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their supprters argued ver wh invented calculus. Despite the fame f these cmpetitins, scientists knw little abut hw credit is shared amng cmpeting discveries. Theretical mdels analysing patent (专利) races, fr instance, ften suppse that t the winner g all the advantages.
In the real wrld, hwever, credit fr scientific discveries is unlikely t be winner-takes-all. The cst f being scped was mderate. Structures that were made public secnd were nly 2.5% less likely ever t be published, althugh they tended t appear in less famus jurnals than were structures published first. As a share f ttal citatins ut f a 100, the first paper wuld receive 58 and the secnd 42.
But when questined abut the effects f being scped, scientists were much mre negative than thse data shw. They predicted that, ut f 100 citatins, a scped paper wuld receive just 29. But nt all scientists were put at a disadvantage equally fr cming secnd. When research teams at leading universities were beaten by a team at a lwer-prfile cllege, the secnd-placed team gt slightly mre citatins. And the teams at tp departments tk an even larger share f citatins when they did the scping.
“But the psychlgical effects f being scped cannt be ignred,” says Venki Ramakrishnan, a structural bilgist in Cambridge. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, his grup raced several teams t determine the structure f the ribsme, a cell machine that prduces prteins. In September 2000, a team led by Ada Ynath at the Weizmann Institute in Rehvt, published the structure f a ribsme subunit in Cell that Ramakrishnan’s team had als characterized. Ramakrishnan’s study came ut weeks later in Nature.
“ Fr that mnth, I and my lab were pretty depressing,” says Ramakrishnan. The researchers wrried that they wuldn’t receive prper recgnitin fr their wrk. That didn’t turn ut t be the case. Ramakrishnan’s and Ynath’s teams are bth credited with wrking ut the ribsme and the scientists each shared ne-third f the 2009 Nbel chemistry prize. Ramakrishnan’s paper has rughly twice as many citatins as the ne that scped it. In the lng run, it didn’t matter.
12.Why des the authr mentin the bk On the Origin f Species?
A. T stress the value f scping.
B. T shw discvery races are cmmn.
C. T illustrate fame cmes frm discveries.
D. T explain why winners get the advantages.
13.What des the underlined wrd “mderate” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Minr.B. High.C. Unclear.D. Cntrlled.
14.As fr Ramakrishnan’s cncerns n being scped, the authr cnsiders it ________.
A. understandableB. unacceptableC. unnecessaryD. unexpected
15.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Scped in Science: Scientists’ Bad Dream
B. Scientific Discveries: Citatins Matter r Nt?
C. Scientific Discveries: Shuld Winners Take All?
D. Scped in Science: Credit Will Cme Yur Way
三、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
The mment any birdwatcher spts a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they d is t pull ut a phne and identify the species. This suggests curisity is all abut acting nw. It drives us t find answers as sn as pssible. The impatience fr answers mirrrs what psychlgists think is a main functin f curisity: t reduce uncertainty. 16 In a recent study, scientists have fund that it can als inspire mre patience, setting peple up fr thse mments f discvery.
They asked mre than 2,000 peple aged 19 t 76 years t watch a series f shrt vides. Each vide started with a blank(空白的) screen. 17 While the participants watched each vide, the scientists wuld ask them hw curius they were abut what the drawing wuld becme. They als made guesses abut what the drawing was ging t turn int and hw much jy r annyance they felt. Interestingly, when participants were mre curius, they were mre likely t cntinue watching. 18 The experiment als revealed that as peple watched the vide, curisity wuld change acrss the jurney. Yet regardless f hw curisity changed, peple with greater curisity tend t engage in the prcess.
19 First, it underlines the cmplexity f curisity, pening new paths fr research t explre its varieties. It als highlights the significance f engaging with uncertainty: Having t cnsider and predict answers can imprve learning and memry, and curisity can prmte brain states that help us stre new infrmatin. Learning new things can be challenging. 20
A．But this picture f curisity is incmplete.
B．Hwever, curisity makes peple eager fr knwledge.
C．The pssible effects f the research are really impressive.
D．S when uncertainty was greatest, curisity was experienced with jy.
E．A line wuld then appear and mve arund, gradually taking a shape.
F．In ther wrds, higher curisity mtivated peple t slw dwn and be patient.
G．Hwever, making gd use f curisity can help us enjy the prcess f learning.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
四、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共15分。
In 2022, Jeff and his sn Jhnny participated in the Irnman cmpetitin in Cambridge. Hwever, they were nt the 21 cmpetitrs. Jhnny had difficulty in walking, s Jeff acted as his arms and legs, 22 the weight f his sn thrugh the race.
The cmpetitin is really 23 . Participants have t finish a triathln (铁人三项赛) with 140 miles f swimming, cycling, and running in under 17 hurs. Jeff and Jhnny had tried five times, but they had yet finished in time. T them, the Irnman was a way t imprve themselves. Every failed 24 nly fueled their desire t prve themselves t be mre determined. S they entered the 2022 triathln, hping fr a 25 .
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Jeff helped Jhnny int a kayak (独木舟), and eased himself int the water, 26 his sn with a rpe tied t the kayak. Even thugh it was hard, the pair finished the swim in 90 minutes. After cmpleting the demanding cycling in nine hurs, they set their sights n the final 27 : a 26.2-mile marathn with Jeff pushing Jhnny in a racing chair. Having been cmpeting fr 10.5 hurs, at mile 19, Jeff started t wrry, realizing they were ging t slw, s they 28 the pace. With 200 feet t the finish line, Jhnny began t walk n his wn. He wrried he culdn’t make the cutff.
After 16 hurs, 55 minutes and 35 secnds — with just 4 minutes and 25 secnds t 29 — father and sn crssed the finish line tgether. As the crwd cheered n them, Jeff and Jhnny lked back at the finish line. They knew this wasn’t the end f a race. It was the beginning f a new 30 , filled with hpe and curage.
21.A. typicalB. seriusC. qualifiedD. passinate
22.A. shiftingB. testingC. carryingD. cutting
23.A. bringB. tughC. jyusD. relaxing
24.A. attemptB. reactinC. requestD. arrangement
25.A. futureB. rewardC. survivalD. breakthrugh
26.A. strikingB. pushingC. draggingD. wrapping
27.A. prpsalB. chiceC. slutinD. challenge
28.A. picked upB. kept upC. went thrughD. slwed dwn
29.A. wasteB. spareC. waitD. save
30.A. careerB. attitudeC. pprtunityD. chapter
五、单句语法填空：本大题共10小题，共10分。
31.I have a friend with ________ I share a passin fr traveling. (用适当的词填空)
32._______ cncerns the rescuers mst is the safety f the children. (用适当的词填空)
33.We shuld avid ________(leave) the lights n when we g ut. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34.I remember the year ________ we spent ur summer vacatin at the beach. (用适当的词填空)
35.The letter, ________(write) in elegant handwriting, was a pleasure t read. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36._______(keep)themselves awake，they sat n the flr and tld each ther stries.（用单词的适当形式完成句子）
37.I think writing infrmatin dwn always ________(make) it easier fr yu t review it later. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38.Last July, it rained heavily in the suth, ________(cause) serius flding in several prvinces. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39.Over the past ten years, he ________ (vercme) varius difficulties in his career, achieving remarkable success and recgnitin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40.Last year, the cmpany’s CEO ________ (award) “Best f the Year” fr his utstanding leadership and his great cntributin t the cmpany’s success. (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
41.Hw can we avid fd waste in ur daily life? Rayner Li has gt his wn way. He keeps a nte n his phne with details f the fd that ges bad every week at his hme. That way, when he ges t the supermarket, he has a better idea f hw much fd he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shpping accrdingly.
He believes individual actin like this is imprtant t slve the prblem f fd waste, but he’s als gt his sights set higher. In 2017 he funded Lumitics, a cmpany that tracks fd waste n a large scale—with the aim f helping htels and airlines, which serve thusands f meals a day, figure ut hw much avidable waste they’re prducing.
Equipped with weight sensrs, cameras, and AI technlgy, Lumitics’ smart garbage cans (垃圾箱) can recgnize and track the type and amunt f fd that gets thrwn ut—including whether it’s spiled, uneaten r kitchen waste. As a result, its custmers can use the data f the waste t adjust the amunt f fd they prepare r buy, leading t a great waste reductin. Fr instance, Lumitics has helped the htels it wrks with reduce fd waste cnsiderably, keeping mre than 300,000 meals ut f landfills in 2019. The cmpany is als beneficial fr its custmers’ ecnmic utcmes. Htel restaurants ften perate n relatively thin prfits, “s any savings fr them actually is really significant fr their business,” he says.
Li gt the idea fr Lumitics when, while wrking in Singapre, he saw kids g hungry. He sees fd waste as ne f the mst verlked prblems facing the wrld. “I think my generatin desperately lng fr meaning and purpse in ur lives, s we want t wrk n challenging prblems and create slutins that will bring abut deep impact fr the wrld,” he says, “what ur grup want t achieve is really clear in terms f the number f meals saved and the amunt f carbn emissins (排放) avided.”
(1) Hw des Rayner Li knw hw much fd he eats in a week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2) What benefits des Lumitics bring t its custmers? ___________________________________________________________________________________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement then underline it and explain why.
Rayner Li was inspired t fund Lumitics by his experience f fd shrtage in his wn life.___________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) Apart frm Rayner Li’s way f saving fd, hw d yu avid fd waste in yur daily life? (In abut 40 wrds) ___________________________________________________________________________________________
七、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
42.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你从外国好友Jim的来信中得知他在申请联合国志愿者项目（UN Vlunteers），你也有意参加。请给他写一封英文邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明你感兴趣的志愿服务种类和原因；
2. 询问项目相关信息。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
答案解析
1.【答案】【小题1】
ran ut f
【小题2】
prceed with
【小题3】
n the edge f
【小题4】
refer t
【小题5】
will take charge f
【小题6】
prmte
【小题7】
assumes
【小题8】
admirable
【小题9】
came acrss
【小题10】
indicate
【解析】1. 考查固定短语。句意：玛丽在等迟到一小时的公共汽车时失去了耐心。根据“patience waiting fr the bus that was an hur late”以及句意“用完”可知应填run ut f，根据后文was可知为一般过去时。故填ran ut f。
2.
考查固定短语。句意：问题已经解决，我们现在可以继续工作了。根据“The prblems have been fixed”以及句意“继续”可知应填prceed with，且can后跟动词原形。故填prceed with。
3. 考查固定短语。句意：约翰刚要赢得比赛就摔倒了，摔断了脚踝。根据“winning the game when he fell and brke his ankle”以及句意“非常接近”可知应填n the edge f，故填n the edge f。
4. 考查固定短语。句意：如果有任何疑问，请参考我们的网站了解更多信息。根据“ur website fr mre infrmatin”以及句意“参考”可知应填refer t，此处为肯定祈使句。故填refer t。
5. 考查固定短语。句意：如果经理很快退休，杰克将接管公司并进行改革。根据“If the manager retires sn”以及句意“接管”可知应填take charge f，此处为主将从现，主句为一般将来时。故填will take charge f。
6. 考查动词。句意：文化节的目的是促进两国之间的友谊。根据“friendship between the tw cuntries”以及句意“促进”可知应填动词prmte，且上文为不定式作宾语。故填prmte。
7. 考查动词。句意：如果包装得好，买家总是认为里面的东西很好。根据“the cntents are wnderful if the package is wrapped well”以及句意“认为”可知应填动词assume，结合always可知为一般现在时，主语为buyer，谓语用三单形式。故填assumes。
8. 考查形容词。句意：士兵们做了一件令人钦佩的工作，确保所有的补给品都运达。根据“making sure that all the supplies gt thrugh”以及句意“令人钦佩的”可知应填形容词admirable，修饰名词jb。故填admirable。
9. 考查固定短语。句意：当我在看报纸的时候，我看到了一篇关于太空探索的有趣文章。根据“an interesting article abut space explratin”以及句意“偶然遇见”可知应填cme acrss，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填came acrss。
10. 考查动词。句意：历史的教训表明，最成功的技术是那些在社会上留下印记的技术。根据“that the mst successful technlgies are thse that make their mark scially”以及句意“表明”可知应填动词indicate，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故填indicate。
2~4.【答案】C、D、C
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款名为Mnwalkers的鞋子的情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据Hw d Mnwalkers wrk?部分第一段中“The artificial intelligence sttware driving Mnwalkers measures and adjusts (调整) n-the-fly t bth the terrain (地形) yu’re n and the way yu walk, prviding safe and enjyable walking experience.(驱动Mnwalkers的人工智能软件会根据你所处的地形和行走方式进行测量和调整，为你提供安全和愉快的行走体验)”可知，Mnwalkers得到了技术的帮助。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Why d yu chse Mnwalkers?部分中“·Expand (扩大) yur ftprint: Mnwalkers make walking many city blcks, even further, n sweat.(·扩大你的足迹：Mnwalkers可以让你走很多街区，甚至更远，毫不费力)”可知，有了Mnwalkers，用户可以在不那么疲劳的情况下走得更远。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“If yu weigh mre than 220lbs, yu can still use Mnwalkers but will experience slightly reduced perfrmance in certain edge cases. (如果你的体重超过220磅，你仍然可以使用月球漫步者，但在某些极端情况下，性能会略有下降)”可知，用户体重会影响Mnwalkers的功能。故选C。
5~8.【答案】A、B、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了曾经爱慕虚荣的斯蒂芬收到了TrueBeauty的信息，要求她展示真实的自我，于是她和罗宾逊太太一起做园艺振奋精神，玩的很高兴。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Her picture lked perfect with that filter. She psted it n the scial media fr her 15k fllwers, hping they wuld wish t have the same life as she shwed. Then she threw away the fd nw that it was cld.(她的照片用那个滤镜看起来很完美。她在社交媒体上为她的1.5万名粉丝发布了这张照片，希望他们也能过上和她一样的生活。然后她扔掉了食物，因为它已经冷了)”可知，斯蒂芬把这张添加滤镜的照片上传到网上是为了炫耀她的生活。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据表格中“PS. Yu can’t remve the filter r delete the pictures yu psted using it. After the first time yu use TrueBeauty, it will change all yur phts frm that mment n!( PS：你不能删除滤镜，也不能删除你用它发布的照片。在你第一次使用TrueBeauty之后，它将从那一刻起改变你所有的照片！)”可知，TrueBeauty要求我们诚实行事。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Then she saw Mrs Rbinsn watering the plants. She ffered t help. A cuple f hurs later, they were dne with the wrk. Steph had enjyed herself a lt. They tk a picture, standing tgether in frnt f the rses and smiling.(然后她看见罗宾逊太太在给植物浇水。她主动提出帮忙。几个小时后，他们完成了工作。斯蒂芬玩得很开心。他们一起站在玫瑰前，微笑着照了相)”可知，斯蒂芬觉得和罗宾逊太太一起做园艺振奋精神。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Later that evening Steph lked at the picture n her phne. She changed the clurs a little bit. The rses lked beautiful anyway, with r withut any changes. Nthing culd imprve the smiles n her and Mrs Rbinsn’s faces. A really beautiful picture! She psted this picture. It lked exactly the same nline! She made her accunt public again and added sme text t the pht: Beauty in the garden.(那天晚上晚些时候，斯蒂芬看着手机里的照片。她稍微改变了一下颜色。不管有没有变化，玫瑰看起来都很漂亮。什么也不能使她和罗宾逊太太脸上的笑容更加灿烂。真是一幅美丽的画！她发了这张照片。在网上看起来一模一样!她再次公开了自己的账户，并在照片上加上了一些文字：花园里的美人)”可知，作者接下来最有可能写斯蒂芬鼓励她的追随者重视内心的自我。故选D。
9~11.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不适应白日梦会导致负面情绪的增加，以及行为成瘾等问题。
1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study als fund that maladaptive daydreaming was a behaviural addictin.(研究还发现，不适应白日梦是一种行为成瘾)”可知，不适应白日梦更可能成瘾。故选B。
2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Many prfessinals bject t treating maladaptive daydreaming as disease,” says Smer. As yu wuld expect fr a cnditin that isn’t yet widely recgnised, treatment and management ptins are still being develped and tested.(“许多专业人士反对把不适应白日梦当作疾病来对待，”萨默说。正如你所期望的那样，这种疾病尚未得到广泛认可，治疗和管理方案仍在开发和测试中)”可知，对于不适应白日梦，萨默认为专家们应该认真对待。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Hwever, while the benefits f daydreaming were cming t light, psychlgist Eli Smer fund that sme f his patients’ fantasies were replacing real scial interactins and, as a result, were undermining (逐渐削弱) their ability t maintain daily relatinships.(然而，当白日做梦的好处逐渐显现的时候，心理学家Eli Smer发现，他的一些病人的幻想取代了真实的社会交往，结果削弱了他们维持日常关系的能力)”结合文章主要说明了不适应白日梦会导致负面情绪的增加，以及行为成瘾等问题。可知，文章的主要目的是重视处理白日梦的阴暗面。故选D。
12~15.【答案】B、A、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学界存在发现竞争的情况，有些人担心被他人抢先发表了发现，但事实上这是不必要的担心。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中第一句话“The histry f science is full f cmpetitin. (科学史充满竞争。)”和“Charles Darwin rushed ut his bk On the Origin f Species after receiving a manuscript (手稿) detailing similar ideas frm Alfred Russel Wallace, and Isaac Newtn, Gttfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their supprters argued ver wh invented calculus. (查尔斯·达尔文在收到阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士的手稿后，匆忙出版了他的《物种起源》一书，手稿中详细描述了艾萨克·牛顿、戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨和他们的支持者为谁发明了微积分而争论不休。)”可知，作者提到《物种起源》这本书是为了表明发现竞赛很常见。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the real wrld, hwever, credit fr scientific discveries is unlikely t be winner-takes-all.(然而，在现实世界中，科学发现的荣誉不太可能是赢家通吃的)”以及后文“Structures that were made public secnd were nly 2.5% less likely ever t be published, althugh they tended t appear in less famus jurnals than were structures published first.(第二公开的结构被发表的可能性只有2.5%，尽管它们往往出现在不太知名的期刊上，而不是首先发表的结构)”可知，上文提到科学发现的荣誉不太可能是赢家通吃的，说明被抢先的代价较小。故划线词意思是“较小的”。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“That didn’t turn ut t be the case. Ramakrishnan’s and Ynath’s teams are bth credited with wrking ut the ribsme and the scientists each shared ne-third f the 2009 Nbel chemistry prize. (但事实并非如此。Ramakrishnan和Ynath的团队都因发现核糖体而受到赞誉，两位科学家各自分享了2009年诺贝尔化学奖的三分之一)”可推知，至于罗摩克里希南担心被抢先，作者认为没有必要，这是因为他们的团队都因为发现核糖体而受到赞誉。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Being scped (抢先) t a discvery is a scientist’s least desirable thing. “Yu get a meaningful advantage fr being first, but being scped may nt be as damaging as peple seem t fear,” says Carlyn Stein, an ecnmist at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) in Cambridge.(被抢先发现是科学家最不希望发生的事。位于剑桥的麻省理工学院(MIT)的经济学家卡罗琳·斯坦说：“你率先获得了一个有意义的优势，但被抢先可能并不像人们所担心的那样具有破坏性。”)”结合文章主要说明了科学界存在发现竞争的情况，有些人担心被他人抢先发表了发现，但事实上这是不必要的担心。可知，D选项“科学被抢先发表：声誉总会找上你”最符合文章标题。故选D。
16~20.【答案】A、E、F、C、G
【解析】【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于好奇心的研究，它强调了好奇心的复杂性。好奇心可以促进大脑状态，帮助我们储存新信息。我们要充分利用好奇心可以帮助我们享受学习的过程。
1. 根据上文“The mment any birdwatcher spts a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they d is t pull ut a phne and identify the species. This suggests curisity is all abut acting nw. It drives us t find answers as sn as pssible. The impatience fr answers mirrrs what psychlgists think is a main functin f curisity: t reduce uncertainty. (任何观鸟者一旦发现一只令人震惊的陌生鸟，他们要做的第一件事就是拿出手机，识别它的种类。这表明好奇心就是现在就行动。它驱使我们尽快找到答案。对答案的不耐烦反映了心理学家认为好奇心的主要功能：减少不确定性。)”可知，空格处需要进一步说明好奇心，总结尽快找到答案存在的缺点。选项A. But this picture f curisity is incmplete. (但这种好奇心的图景是不完整的。)与上文形成转折关系；能够承接上文。故选A。
2. 根据上文“Each vide started with a blank(空白的) screen. (每个视频都以空白屏幕开始。)”以及下文“While the participants watched each vide, the scientists wuld ask them hw curius they were abut what the drawing wuld becme. (当参与者观看每个视频时，科学家会问他们对画出来的东西有多好奇。)”可知，空格处应说明的是视频接下来播放的内容。选项E. A line wuld then appear and mve arund, gradually taking a shape. (然后会出现一条线并四处移动，逐渐形成形状。)说明的是接下来的内容，选项中的then与started with相呼应，能够承上启下。故选E。
3. 根据上文“Interestingly, when participants were mre curius, they were mre likely t cntinue watching. (有趣的是，当参与者更好奇时，他们更有可能继续观看。)”以及下文“The experiment als revealed that as peple watched the vide, curisity wuld change acrss the jurney. Yet regardless f hw curisity changed, peple with greater curisity tend t engage in the prcess. (实验还显示，当人们观看视频时，好奇心会在整个过程中发生变化。然而，不管好奇心如何变化，好奇心更强的人往往会参与到这个过程中来。)”可知，空格处继续说明好奇心对于人们的作用。选项F. In ther wrds, higher curisity mtivated peple t slw dwn and be patient. (换句话说，更高的好奇心促使人们放慢脚步，保持耐心。)中的“放慢脚步，保持耐心”与上文中的“他们可能继续观看”相呼应；且与下文中“好奇心更强的人往往会参与到这个过程中来”相呼应；能够承上启下。故选F。
4. 根据下文“First, it underlines the cmplexity f curisity, pening new paths fr research t explre its varieties. It als highlights the significance f engaging with uncertainty: Having t cnsider and predict answers can imprve learning and memry, and curisity can prmte brain states that help us stre new infrmatin. (首先，它强调了好奇心的复杂性，为探索好奇心的多样性开辟了新的研究途径。它还强调了与不确定性接触的重要性:必须考虑和预测答案可以提高学习和记忆能力，好奇心可以促进大脑状态，帮助我们储存新信息。)”可知，空格处需要填入主题句，说明的是研究的影响作用。选项C. The pssible effects f the research are really impressive. (这项研究可能产生的影响确实令人印象深刻。)，说明的是这些研究给人深刻的影响，能够作为本段的主题句，引出下文。故选C。
5. 根据上文“Learning new things can be challenging. (学习新事物是很有挑战性的。)”以及本文的主题好奇心，可知，空格处需要进一步说明学习与好奇心的关系。选项G. Hwever, making gd use f curisity can help us enjy the prcess f learning. (然而，充分利用好奇心可以帮助我们享受学习的过程。)说明的是如何利用好奇心来学习，上文中的“Learning new things”与“the prcess f learning”相呼应；与上文形成转折关系，选项G能够承接上文，总结全文。故选G。
21~30.【答案】A、C、B、A、D、C、D、A、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 Jeff 和他的儿子Jhnny 第六次参加铁人三项赛并在规定时间完成的故事。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们并不是有代表性的竞争对手。 A. typical典型的，有代表性的； B. serius严重的；C. qualified合格的；D. passinate热情的。由下文“Jhnny had difficulty in walking”以及语境可知，Jhnny本身有缺陷，所以他们的目的不是获奖，只是想在规定时间完成，所以并不是“有代表性的”竞争对手。故选A项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jhnny走路有困难，所以Jeff充当他的胳膊和腿，在比赛中背着儿子的重量。A. shifting转换；B. testing测试；C. carrying携带，背；D. cutting切割。由上文“Jhnny had difficulty in walking”可知，这里Jeff充当Jhnny的胳膊和腿，在比赛中“背”他。故选C项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比赛真的很困难的。A. bring无聊的；B. tugh困难的；C. jyus快乐的；D. relaxing令人放松的。由下文“Participants have t finish a triathln (铁人三项赛) with 140 miles f swimming, cycling, and running in under 17 hurs.”可知，这里指比赛时间和距离都很长，要完成很“困难的”。故选B项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次失败的尝试都只会激起他们证明自己更加坚定的欲望。A. attempt尝试；B. reactin反应；C. request请求；D. arrangement安排。由上文“Jeff and Jhnny had tried five times”可知，这里指他们以前的“尝试”激起他们证明自己更加坚定的欲望。故选A项。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，他们参加了2022年的铁人三项比赛，希望取得突破。A. future未来；B. reward奖励；C. survival存活；D. breakthrugh突破。由上文“they had yet finished in time”可知，他们这次期待一次“突破”。故选D项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jeff把 Jhnny扶上皮划艇，用绑在皮划艇上的绳子拖着儿子。A. striking打击；B. pushing推动；C. dragging拖拉；D. wrapping包装。由下文“with a rpe tied t the kayak”以及语境可知，这里指用绳子“拖拉”着皮划艇。故选C项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在九个小时内完成了要求很高的自行车比赛后，他们将目光投向了最后的挑战：一场26.2英里的马拉松比赛，Jeff推着坐在比赛椅上的Jhnny。A. prpsal建议；B. chice选择；C. slutin解决方案；D. challenge挑战。由上文“a triathln (铁人三赛赛) with 140 miles f swimming, cycling, and running”可知，这里马拉松是最后一个“挑战”了。故选D项。
8. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：在19英里处比赛了10.5个小时后，Jeff开始担心，意识到他们跑得太慢了，所以他们加快了速度。A. picked up拾起，加速；B. kept up保持；C. went thrugh经历；D. slwed dwn减速。由上文“they were ging t slw”可知，这里指他们意识到自己速度慢了，决定“加速”了步伐。故选A项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：16小时55分35秒后，只剩下4分25秒，父子俩一起冲过终点线。A. waste浪费；B. spare抽出，留出；C. wait等待；D. save拯救。由上文“running in under 17 hurs”可知，这里指在他们16小时55分35秒完成，比预定时间还“留出”4分25秒。故选B项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个充满希望和勇气的新篇章的开始。A. career职业；B. attitude态度；C. pprtunity机会；D. chapter章节，篇章。由上文“father and sn crssed the finish line tgether”以及语境可知，他们完成了挑战，所以从此开始了一个新的“篇章”。故选D项。
31.【答案】whm
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有一个朋友，我和他一样热爱旅行。句中“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词a friend，关系代词指代先行词作介词的宾语，指人，应用whm。故填whm。
32.【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：救援人员最关心的是孩子们的安全。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。
33.【答案】leaving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们外出时应该避免让灯开着。短语avid ding sth.表示“避免做某事”，设空处填动名词作宾语。故填leaving。
34.【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我记得我们在海滩度过暑假的那一年。空格处为定语从句的连接词，修饰the year，从句中句子成分完整，所以需要填入关系副词；先行词为时间，所以用when。故填when。
35.【答案】written
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这封信笔迹优美，读起来令人愉快。此处write与letter构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填written。
36.【答案】T keep
【解析】考查不定式。句意：为了保持清醒，他们坐在地板上互相讲故事。根据句意可知此处表示目的，应该用不定式作目的状语，故填T keep。
37.【答案】makes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我认为把信息写下来总是让你以后回顾起来更容易。设空处在省略that的宾语从句中作谓语，根据根据上文think以及从句中“always”可知从句为一般现在时，主语writing infrmatin dwn为动名词作主语，谓语用三单形式。故填makes。
38.【答案】has vercme
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，他克服了事业上的各种困难，取得了显著的成功和认可。根据上文Over the past ten years可知为现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has vercme。
39.【答案】has vercme
【解析】查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，他克服了事业上的各种困难，取得了显著的成功和认可。根据上文Over the past ten years可知为现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has vercme。
40.【答案】was awarded
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：去年，该公司的首席执行官因其出色的领导能力和对公司成功的巨大贡献而被授予“年度最佳”。设空处作谓语，主语the cmpany’s CEO与动词award构成被动关系，根据上文Last year可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语the cmpany’s CEO为单数。故填was awarded。
41.【答案】【小题1】
By keeping a nte n his phne with details f the fd that ges bad every week at his hme.
【小题2】
The great waste reductin and better ecnmic utcmes.
【小题3】
Rayner Li was inspired t fund Lumitics by his experience f fd shrtage in his wn life.
Rayner Li gt the idea fr Lumitics when/while wrking in Singapre, he saw kids g hungry.
【小题4】
(1)T reduce fd waste, I always encurage my family t finish ur meals when we eat ut, r t take away the leftvers fr later use. I ften use leftvers t make new dishes like sups r stir-fries. This nt nly helps reduce waste but als lets me get creative with cking.
(2)I usually stre fd prperly, which is a gd way t prevent wasting. Fr example, Iensure item s like fruit and vegetables are kept in the refrigeratr, while dry gds are stred in airtight cntainers in a cl and dry place. By ding this, I can reduce fd waste.
(3)Gardening is my way t avid fd waste. Backyard cmpsting is a great way t keep fd waste ut f the landfill and prvide nutritin fr my garden. Fr instance, in this way vegetable peels dn’t have t g t waste but t my garden r my cmpsting cntainers.
【解析】1. 考查细节理解。根据第一段“He keeps a nte n his phne with details f the fd that ges bad every week at his hme. That way, when he ges t the supermarket, he has a better idea f hw much fd he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shpping accrdingly.(他在手机上记录了家中每周变质食物的细节。这样，当他去超市时，他就能更好地了解自己一周实际吃了多少食物，并能相应地调整自己的购物计划)”可知，雷纳·洛伊通过在手机上记录他家里每周变质食物的细节知道他一周吃多少食物。故答案为By keeping a nte n his phne with details f the fd that ges bad every week at his hme.
2. 考查细节理解。根据第三段“As a result, its custmers can use the data f the waste t adjust the amunt f fd they prepare r buy, leading t a great waste reductin.(因此，它的客户可以使用废物的数据来调整他们准备或购买的食物数量，从而大大减少了浪费)”以及“The cmpany is als beneficial fr its custmers’ ecnmic utcmes.(该公司也有利于其客户的经济成果)”可知，Lumitics可以让客户大大减少浪费，取得更好的经济效益。故答案为The great waste reductin and better ecnmic utcmes.
3. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Li gt the idea fr Lumitics when, while wrking in Singapre, he saw kids g hungry.(Li在新加坡工作时，看到孩子们在挨饿，于是萌生了创办Lumitics的想法)”可知，错误部分为“by his experience f fd shrtage in his wn life”，因为Rayner Li在新加坡工作时，看到孩子们在挨饿，于是萌生了制作Lumitics的想法。故答案为Rayner Li was inspired t fund Lumitics by his experience f fd shrtage in his wn life. Rayner Li gt the idea fr Lumitics when/while wrking in Singapre, he saw kids g hungry.
4.
考查开放题。根据“除了雷纳·罗的节约食物的方法，你在日常生活中如何避免食物浪费”可回答：(1)为了减少食物浪费，我总是鼓励我的家人在外出就餐时把饭吃完，或者把剩菜带走以后用。我经常用剩菜做汤或炒菜之类的新菜。这不仅有助于减少浪费，还能让我在烹饪上更有创意。(2)我通常妥善储存食物，这是防止浪费的好方法。例如，我确保像水果和蔬菜这样的物品存放在冰箱里，而干货则存放在阴凉干燥的密封容器中。通过这样做，我可以减少食物浪费。(3)园艺是我避免食物浪费的方法。后院堆肥是一个很好的方法，使食物垃圾远离垃圾填埋场，并为我的花园提供营养。例如，用这种方法，蔬菜皮不必浪费，而是要放在我的花园或堆肥容器里。故答案为(1)T reduce fd waste, I always encurage my family t finish ur meals when we eat ut, r t take away the leftvers fr later use. I ften use leftvers t make new dishes like sups r stir-fries. This nt nly helps reduce waste but als lets me get creative with cking.
(2)I usually stre fd prperly, which is a gd way t prevent wasting. Fr example, Iensure item s like fruit and vegetables are kept in the refrigeratr, while dry gds are stred in airtight cntainers in a cl and dry place. By ding this, I can reduce fd waste.
(3)Gardening is my way t avid fd waste. Backyard cmpsting is a great way t keep fd waste ut f the landfill and prvide nutritin fr my garden. Fr instance, in this way vegetable peels dn’t have t g t waste but t my garden r my cmpsting cntainers.
42.【答案】Pssible versin 1
Dear Jim,
Glad t hear frm yu! I’m als eager t participate in UN Vlunteers yu mentined.
I’m interested in the vlunteer envirnmental prtectin prgram. Deeply cncerned abut the situatin abut ur envirnment and the impact f climate change, I believe that each individual has a respnsibility t cntribute t prtecting ur planet. Mre imprtantly, I can’t wait t put my educatin in the field f envirnmental science int practice.
Have yu gt specific infrmatin f the prgram? Culd yu please share with me the qualificatins, selectin criteria, any specific skills required and such like?
Lking frward t yur early reply!
Yurs,
Li HuaPssible versin 2
Dear Jim,
I am thrilled t hear that yu are applying fr UN Vlunteers. I am als interested and wuld like t knw mre abut it.
I want t jin in the vlunteer teaching prgram because I am passinate abut teaching and believe that every child deserves access t quality educatin. Thrugh this prgram, I hpe t cntribute t the develpment and imprvement f educatin in underprivileged cmmunities.
T make the best f the prject, I als want t learn abut sme relevant infrmatin. D yu knw the duratin and lcatin f the prgram? I am als wndering if there are any specific qualificatins r skills that are necessary fr the vlunteers.
I lk frward t hearing frm yu sn and hpe that we can enjy this meaningful jurney tgether.
Yurs,
Li HuaPssible versin 3
Dear Jim,
I am happy t receive yur letter in which I knw the UN Vlunteers.
T be hnest, I want in with yu. The vlunteer rescue prgram is what I want t apply fr. As yu knw, influenced by my father, a pliceman, I have been dreaming t be ne like him, saving peple’s life. The pprtunity t put my first-aid skills int practice and the chance f reducing suffering and the lss f life can certainly be anther reasn.
But I am nt sure if I am qualified enugh. D they accept Chinese teenagers under 18 years ld? With n previus related experience, d I stand any chance? Hw can I apply fr it? Can yu share mre infrmatin with me?
Hpe we can take part in the prgram tgether. Lking frward t yur early reply!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你从外国好友Jim的来信中得知他在申请联合国志愿者项目，你也有意参加。要求考生写一封英文邮件说明感兴趣的志愿服务种类和原因，并询问项目相关信息。
【详解】（范文一）
1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
参加：participate in→take part in
感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
影响：impact→influence
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Culd yu please share with me the qualificatins, selectin criteria, any specific skills required and such like?
拓展句：I wuld appreciate it if yu culd please share with me the qualificatins, selectin criteria, any specific skills required and such like.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Deeply cncerned abut the situatin abut ur envirnment and the impact f climate change, I believe that each individual has a respnsibility t cntribute t prtecting ur planet. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
【高分句型2】I’m als eager t participate in UN Vlunteers yu mentined. (运用了省略关系词的定语从句)
assume cme acrss indicate admire n the edge f
prmte prceed with refer t run ut (f) take charge f
Dear User,I knw that each f yu truly cares abut shwing yurself.
Are yu as beautiful n the inside as n the utside? If yu want yur pictures t shw the real yu, itˈs time t be as beautiful in real life as n yur scial media.
Lve,
True BeautyPS. Yu can’t remve the filter r delete the pictures yu psted using it. After the first time yu use TrueBeauty, it will change all yur phts frm that mment n!
一、选词填空-句子：本大题共1小题，共10分。
1.
(1) Mary ________ patience waiting fr the bus that was an hur late.
(2) The prblems have been fixed and we can ________ the wrk nw.
(3) Jhn was ________ winning the game when he fell and brke his ankle.
(4) If there is any questin, please ________ ur website fr mre infrmatin.
(5) If the manager retires sn, Jack ________ the cmpany and make changes.
(6) The cultural festival aims t ________ friendship between the tw cuntries.
(7) A buyer always ________ the cntents are wnderful if the package is wrapped well.
(8) The sldiers have dne a(n) ________ jb in making sure that all the supplies gt thrugh.
(9) While I was reading the newspaper, I ________ an interesting article abut space explratin.
(10) Lessns frm histry ________ that the mst successful technlgies are thse that make their mark scially.
二、阅读理解：本大题共14小题，共28分。
A
D these lk like skates? They’re Mnwalkers, battery-pwered shes with wheels. They are billed as “the wrld’s fastest shes”.
Hw d Mnwalkers wrk?
Fix Mnwalkers t yur shes, pwer them n, and begin walking. The artificial intelligence sttware driving Mnwalkers measures and adjusts (调整) n-the-fly t bth the terrain (地形) yu’re n and the way yu walk, prviding safe and enjyable walking experience.
Mnwalkers mve nly when yu d. They sense when yu’re speeding up r slwing dwn. LOCK mde allws yu t g up and dwn stairs cnfidently.
Why d yu chse Mnwalkers?
·Walk at the speed f a run: Get t where yu’re ging in less than half the time it nrmally takes. With a tp speed f 7 mph, Mnwalkers imprve every step.
·Expand (扩大) yur ftprint: Mnwalkers make walking many city blcks, even further, n sweat.
·Less stress: Less walking equals less stress n yur bdy. Mnwalkers feature a user-friendly system that helps yu naturally maintain mbility and balance.
·Freedm t g anywhere: Tested n dirt and much mre, Mnwalkers can handle ur current city and allw yu t walk a hill like it’s nthing. Als, Mnwalkers can survive walking thrugh rain. Despite their wide uses, they are nt rller skates, s they d nt freewheel, ever.
What is the maximum user weight?
Mnwalkers can supprt a maximum user weight f 220lbs (100kg). If yu weigh mre than 220lbs, yu can still use Mnwalkers but will experience slightly reduced perfrmance in certain edge cases.
2.What can we knw abut Mnwalkers?
A. They are pwered by walking.B. They help with stair climbing.
C. They are assisted by technlgy.D. They can replace rdinary shes.
3.With Mnwalkers, users may ________.
A. walk as fast as they like
B. practise their skating skills
C. challenge their senses f balance
D. travel further with less tiredness
4.Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing might affect the Mnwalkers’ functin?
A. The hilly terrain.B. The rainy weather.
C. The user weight.D. The walking distance.
B
Steph put sme flwers “brrwed” frm her neighbur Mrs Rbinsn’s garden next t her cld breakfast and cstly plates, and tk a pht. She wanted t brighten the clurs n her picture. Chsing a filter (滤镜), she nticed TrueBeauty dwnladed befre. Her picture lked perfect with that filter. She psted it n the scial media fr her 15k fllwers, hping they wuld wish t have the same life as she shwed. Then she threw away the fd nw that it was cld.
Steph was surprised t get s few likes and s many negative cmments. She lked again at the picture she had psted. Her picture shwed a hrrible breakfast with flies all ver them and the flwers were dead. She tried t delete (删除) the pht, but she culdn’t. Just then, she received a message. Steph read:
Steph made her accunt private t hide the ugly pictures. She didn’t want t d anything if she culdn’t pst phts f her life. With nthing t d, she went dwnstairs, past Mrs Rbinsn’s garden. She nticed the smell f the flwers fr the first time. Lvely! Then she saw Mrs Rbinsn watering the plants. She ffered t help. A cuple f hurs later, they were dne with the wrk. Steph had enjyed herself a lt. They tk a picture, standing tgether in frnt f the rses and smiling.
Later that evening Steph lked at the picture n her phne. She changed the clurs a little bit. The rses lked beautiful anyway, with r withut any changes. Nthing culd imprve the smiles n her and Mrs Rbinsn’s faces. A really beautiful picture! She psted this picture. It lked exactly the same nline! She made her accunt public again and added sme text t the pht: Beauty in the garden.
5.Why did Steph pst the filtered picture nline?
A. T shw ff her life.B. T try ut a new filter.
C. T share her tasty breakfast.D. T teach phtgraphy skills.
6.What can we learn abut TrueBeauty?
A. It imprves the ugly pictures.
B. It calls n us t behave hnestly.
C. It advises us t hide cmments.
D. It cares abut its users’ feelings.
7.Hw did Steph feel abut gardening with Mrs Rbinsn?
A. Uplifted.B. Cnfused.C. Cnfident.D. Lucky.
8.What wuld the authr mst pssibly write next?
A. Steph n lnger psted her life n scial media.
B. Steph successfully remved the TrueBeauty app.
C. Steph learned t imprve her appreciatin f beauty.
D. Steph inspired her fllwers t value their inner self.
C
Whether picturing yur next vacatin r an ideal mark fr an imprtant exam, it is enjyable t let yur mind wander int daydreaming. Als daydreaming allws us t mve mentally in time and space, rehearsing (预演) different pssible scenes f the future. Hwever, while the benefits f daydreaming were cming t light, psychlgist Eli Smer fund that sme f his patients’ fantasies were replacing real scial interactins and, as a result, were undermining (逐渐削弱) their ability t maintain daily relatinships.
Psychlgists call repetitive actins that hld back an individual’s ability t cpe with daily life “maladaptive behaviurs”. In recent years, Smer has teamed up with thers t explre the behaviur. One f their studies cmpared 340 maladaptive daydreamers with the cntrl grup. The frmer reprted that their daydreams were hard t cntrl and disturbed their lives. They spent an average f 56 percent f their waking hurs in fantasy wrlds featuring imaginary characters and detailed plts (情节). Unlike regular daydreams, theirs ften invlved rcking frm side t side r uncntrllable facial expressins. Other research suggests that maladaptive daydreams can take many frms, frm amusing t serius, but they tend t be mre emtinally intense than regular daydreams.
Explring this behaviur further, Smer’s team asked 77 peple t keep a diary f the emtins assciated with their maladaptive daydreaming. This revealed that it brught increases in negative emtins, alng with signs f depressin, scial anxiety and general anxiety.
The study als fund that maladaptive daydreaming was a behaviural addictin. The scientists wh first prpsed this in 2018 pinted ut that, like many addictive tendencies, it ffers a mmentary escape frm stressful thughts and unfavurable realities.
“Many prfessinals bject t treating maladaptive daydreaming as disease,” says Smer. As yu wuld expect fr a cnditin that isn’t yet widely recgnised, treatment and management ptins are still being develped and tested. Mnitring the behaviur, its cnditins and emtinal cnsequences (后果) may help individuals cntrl it. Als, practising mindfulness meditatin may be helpful in staying in the present rather than escaping t fantasy wrlds. Other techniques invlve recrding ccurrences f maladaptive daydreaming and pssible causes in a jurnal, and rewarding persnal milestnes in preventing these fantasies.
Nam, an Israeli student wh has been struggling with maladaptive daydreaming, is prf that maladaptive daydreaming can be managed. Just tw mnths after starting treatment with Smer, his daily daydreaming has fallen frm 16 hurs t arund 7 hurs. “I really want t get better, t take pleasure in my life as it is and t lve nly the peple wh are part f my life and deserve my care,” he says.
9.What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Regular daydreams take a wider range f frms.
B. Maladaptive daydreaming is mre likely t be habitual.
C. Mre detailed imaginary plts lead t better daydreaming.
D. Fewer emtinal changes are seen in maladaptive daydreams.
10.As fr maladaptive daydreaming, which wuld Smer agree with?
A. Experts shuld take it seriusly.
B. It can lead us t preview future events.
C. It prvides us with an access t relieving stress.
D. Keeping a jurnal has prved t be its reliable cure.
11.What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T make a cmparisn between tw kinds f daydreaming.
B. T present the findings f studies n maladaptive daydreaming.
C. T intrduce appraches t managing maladaptive daydreaming.
D. T attach imprtance t dealing with the dark side f daydreaming.
D
Being scped (抢先) t a discvery is a scientist’s least desirable thing. “Yu get a meaningful advantage fr being first, but being scped may nt be as damaging as peple seem t fear,” says Carlyn Stein, an ecnmist at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) in Cambridge.
The histry f science is full f cmpetitin. Charles Darwin rushed ut his bk On the Origin f Species after receiving a manuscript (手稿) detailing similar ideas frm Alfred Russel Wallace, and Isaac Newtn, Gttfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their supprters argued ver wh invented calculus. Despite the fame f these cmpetitins, scientists knw little abut hw credit is shared amng cmpeting discveries. Theretical mdels analysing patent (专利) races, fr instance, ften suppse that t the winner g all the advantages.
In the real wrld, hwever, credit fr scientific discveries is unlikely t be winner-takes-all. The cst f being scped was mderate. Structures that were made public secnd were nly 2.5% less likely ever t be published, althugh they tended t appear in less famus jurnals than were structures published first. As a share f ttal citatins ut f a 100, the first paper wuld receive 58 and the secnd 42.
But when questined abut the effects f being scped, scientists were much mre negative than thse data shw. They predicted that, ut f 100 citatins, a scped paper wuld receive just 29. But nt all scientists were put at a disadvantage equally fr cming secnd. When research teams at leading universities were beaten by a team at a lwer-prfile cllege, the secnd-placed team gt slightly mre citatins. And the teams at tp departments tk an even larger share f citatins when they did the scping.
“But the psychlgical effects f being scped cannt be ignred,” says Venki Ramakrishnan, a structural bilgist in Cambridge. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, his grup raced several teams t determine the structure f the ribsme, a cell machine that prduces prteins. In September 2000, a team led by Ada Ynath at the Weizmann Institute in Rehvt, published the structure f a ribsme subunit in Cell that Ramakrishnan’s team had als characterized. Ramakrishnan’s study came ut weeks later in Nature.
“ Fr that mnth, I and my lab were pretty depressing,” says Ramakrishnan. The researchers wrried that they wuldn’t receive prper recgnitin fr their wrk. That didn’t turn ut t be the case. Ramakrishnan’s and Ynath’s teams are bth credited with wrking ut the ribsme and the scientists each shared ne-third f the 2009 Nbel chemistry prize. Ramakrishnan’s paper has rughly twice as many citatins as the ne that scped it. In the lng run, it didn’t matter.
12.Why des the authr mentin the bk On the Origin f Species?
A. T stress the value f scping.
B. T shw discvery races are cmmn.
C. T illustrate fame cmes frm discveries.
D. T explain why winners get the advantages.
13.What des the underlined wrd “mderate” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Minr.B. High.C. Unclear.D. Cntrlled.
14.As fr Ramakrishnan’s cncerns n being scped, the authr cnsiders it ________.
A. understandableB. unacceptableC. unnecessaryD. unexpected
15.Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Scped in Science: Scientists’ Bad Dream
B. Scientific Discveries: Citatins Matter r Nt?
C. Scientific Discveries: Shuld Winners Take All?
D. Scped in Science: Credit Will Cme Yur Way
三、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
The mment any birdwatcher spts a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they d is t pull ut a phne and identify the species. This suggests curisity is all abut acting nw. It drives us t find answers as sn as pssible. The impatience fr answers mirrrs what psychlgists think is a main functin f curisity: t reduce uncertainty. 16 In a recent study, scientists have fund that it can als inspire mre patience, setting peple up fr thse mments f discvery.
They asked mre than 2,000 peple aged 19 t 76 years t watch a series f shrt vides. Each vide started with a blank(空白的) screen. 17 While the participants watched each vide, the scientists wuld ask them hw curius they were abut what the drawing wuld becme. They als made guesses abut what the drawing was ging t turn int and hw much jy r annyance they felt. Interestingly, when participants were mre curius, they were mre likely t cntinue watching. 18 The experiment als revealed that as peple watched the vide, curisity wuld change acrss the jurney. Yet regardless f hw curisity changed, peple with greater curisity tend t engage in the prcess.
19 First, it underlines the cmplexity f curisity, pening new paths fr research t explre its varieties. It als highlights the significance f engaging with uncertainty: Having t cnsider and predict answers can imprve learning and memry, and curisity can prmte brain states that help us stre new infrmatin. Learning new things can be challenging. 20
A．But this picture f curisity is incmplete.
B．Hwever, curisity makes peple eager fr knwledge.
C．The pssible effects f the research are really impressive.
D．S when uncertainty was greatest, curisity was experienced with jy.
E．A line wuld then appear and mve arund, gradually taking a shape.
F．In ther wrds, higher curisity mtivated peple t slw dwn and be patient.
G．Hwever, making gd use f curisity can help us enjy the prcess f learning.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
四、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共15分。
In 2022, Jeff and his sn Jhnny participated in the Irnman cmpetitin in Cambridge. Hwever, they were nt the 21 cmpetitrs. Jhnny had difficulty in walking, s Jeff acted as his arms and legs, 22 the weight f his sn thrugh the race.
The cmpetitin is really 23 . Participants have t finish a triathln (铁人三项赛) with 140 miles f swimming, cycling, and running in under 17 hurs. Jeff and Jhnny had tried five times, but they had yet finished in time. T them, the Irnman was a way t imprve themselves. Every failed 24 nly fueled their desire t prve themselves t be mre determined. S they entered the 2022 triathln, hping fr a 25 .
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Jeff helped Jhnny int a kayak (独木舟), and eased himself int the water, 26 his sn with a rpe tied t the kayak. Even thugh it was hard, the pair finished the swim in 90 minutes. After cmpleting the demanding cycling in nine hurs, they set their sights n the final 27 : a 26.2-mile marathn with Jeff pushing Jhnny in a racing chair. Having been cmpeting fr 10.5 hurs, at mile 19, Jeff started t wrry, realizing they were ging t slw, s they 28 the pace. With 200 feet t the finish line, Jhnny began t walk n his wn. He wrried he culdn’t make the cutff.
After 16 hurs, 55 minutes and 35 secnds — with just 4 minutes and 25 secnds t 29 — father and sn crssed the finish line tgether. As the crwd cheered n them, Jeff and Jhnny lked back at the finish line. They knew this wasn’t the end f a race. It was the beginning f a new 30 , filled with hpe and curage.
21.A. typicalB. seriusC. qualifiedD. passinate
22.A. shiftingB. testingC. carryingD. cutting
23.A. bringB. tughC. jyusD. relaxing
24.A. attemptB. reactinC. requestD. arrangement
25.A. futureB. rewardC. survivalD. breakthrugh
26.A. strikingB. pushingC. draggingD. wrapping
27.A. prpsalB. chiceC. slutinD. challenge
28.A. picked upB. kept upC. went thrughD. slwed dwn
29.A. wasteB. spareC. waitD. save
30.A. careerB. attitudeC. pprtunityD. chapter
五、单句语法填空：本大题共10小题，共10分。
31.I have a friend with ________ I share a passin fr traveling. (用适当的词填空)
32._______ cncerns the rescuers mst is the safety f the children. (用适当的词填空)
33.We shuld avid ________(leave) the lights n when we g ut. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34.I remember the year ________ we spent ur summer vacatin at the beach. (用适当的词填空)
35.The letter, ________(write) in elegant handwriting, was a pleasure t read. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36._______(keep)themselves awake，they sat n the flr and tld each ther stries.（用单词的适当形式完成句子）
37.I think writing infrmatin dwn always ________(make) it easier fr yu t review it later. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38.Last July, it rained heavily in the suth, ________(cause) serius flding in several prvinces. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39.Over the past ten years, he ________ (vercme) varius difficulties in his career, achieving remarkable success and recgnitin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40.Last year, the cmpany’s CEO ________ (award) “Best f the Year” fr his utstanding leadership and his great cntributin t the cmpany’s success. (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
41.Hw can we avid fd waste in ur daily life? Rayner Li has gt his wn way. He keeps a nte n his phne with details f the fd that ges bad every week at his hme. That way, when he ges t the supermarket, he has a better idea f hw much fd he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shpping accrdingly.
He believes individual actin like this is imprtant t slve the prblem f fd waste, but he’s als gt his sights set higher. In 2017 he funded Lumitics, a cmpany that tracks fd waste n a large scale—with the aim f helping htels and airlines, which serve thusands f meals a day, figure ut hw much avidable waste they’re prducing.
Equipped with weight sensrs, cameras, and AI technlgy, Lumitics’ smart garbage cans (垃圾箱) can recgnize and track the type and amunt f fd that gets thrwn ut—including whether it’s spiled, uneaten r kitchen waste. As a result, its custmers can use the data f the waste t adjust the amunt f fd they prepare r buy, leading t a great waste reductin. Fr instance, Lumitics has helped the htels it wrks with reduce fd waste cnsiderably, keeping mre than 300,000 meals ut f landfills in 2019. The cmpany is als beneficial fr its custmers’ ecnmic utcmes. Htel restaurants ften perate n relatively thin prfits, “s any savings fr them actually is really significant fr their business,” he says.
Li gt the idea fr Lumitics when, while wrking in Singapre, he saw kids g hungry. He sees fd waste as ne f the mst verlked prblems facing the wrld. “I think my generatin desperately lng fr meaning and purpse in ur lives, s we want t wrk n challenging prblems and create slutins that will bring abut deep impact fr the wrld,” he says, “what ur grup want t achieve is really clear in terms f the number f meals saved and the amunt f carbn emissins (排放) avided.”
(1) Hw des Rayner Li knw hw much fd he eats in a week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2) What benefits des Lumitics bring t its custmers? ___________________________________________________________________________________________
(3) Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement then underline it and explain why.
Rayner Li was inspired t fund Lumitics by his experience f fd shrtage in his wn life.___________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) Apart frm Rayner Li’s way f saving fd, hw d yu avid fd waste in yur daily life? (In abut 40 wrds) ___________________________________________________________________________________________
七、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
42.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你从外国好友Jim的来信中得知他在申请联合国志愿者项目（UN Vlunteers），你也有意参加。请给他写一封英文邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明你感兴趣的志愿服务种类和原因；
2. 询问项目相关信息。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
答案解析
1.【答案】【小题1】
ran ut f
【小题2】
prceed with
【小题3】
n the edge f
【小题4】
refer t
【小题5】
will take charge f
【小题6】
prmte
【小题7】
assumes
【小题8】
admirable
【小题9】
came acrss
【小题10】
indicate
【解析】1. 考查固定短语。句意：玛丽在等迟到一小时的公共汽车时失去了耐心。根据“patience waiting fr the bus that was an hur late”以及句意“用完”可知应填run ut f，根据后文was可知为一般过去时。故填ran ut f。
2.
考查固定短语。句意：问题已经解决，我们现在可以继续工作了。根据“The prblems have been fixed”以及句意“继续”可知应填prceed with，且can后跟动词原形。故填prceed with。
3. 考查固定短语。句意：约翰刚要赢得比赛就摔倒了，摔断了脚踝。根据“winning the game when he fell and brke his ankle”以及句意“非常接近”可知应填n the edge f，故填n the edge f。
4. 考查固定短语。句意：如果有任何疑问，请参考我们的网站了解更多信息。根据“ur website fr mre infrmatin”以及句意“参考”可知应填refer t，此处为肯定祈使句。故填refer t。
5. 考查固定短语。句意：如果经理很快退休，杰克将接管公司并进行改革。根据“If the manager retires sn”以及句意“接管”可知应填take charge f，此处为主将从现，主句为一般将来时。故填will take charge f。
6. 考查动词。句意：文化节的目的是促进两国之间的友谊。根据“friendship between the tw cuntries”以及句意“促进”可知应填动词prmte，且上文为不定式作宾语。故填prmte。
7. 考查动词。句意：如果包装得好，买家总是认为里面的东西很好。根据“the cntents are wnderful if the package is wrapped well”以及句意“认为”可知应填动词assume，结合always可知为一般现在时，主语为buyer，谓语用三单形式。故填assumes。
8. 考查形容词。句意：士兵们做了一件令人钦佩的工作，确保所有的补给品都运达。根据“making sure that all the supplies gt thrugh”以及句意“令人钦佩的”可知应填形容词admirable，修饰名词jb。故填admirable。
9. 考查固定短语。句意：当我在看报纸的时候，我看到了一篇关于太空探索的有趣文章。根据“an interesting article abut space explratin”以及句意“偶然遇见”可知应填cme acrss，发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填came acrss。
10. 考查动词。句意：历史的教训表明，最成功的技术是那些在社会上留下印记的技术。根据“that the mst successful technlgies are thse that make their mark scially”以及句意“表明”可知应填动词indicate，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故填indicate。
2~4.【答案】C、D、C
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款名为Mnwalkers的鞋子的情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据Hw d Mnwalkers wrk?部分第一段中“The artificial intelligence sttware driving Mnwalkers measures and adjusts (调整) n-the-fly t bth the terrain (地形) yu’re n and the way yu walk, prviding safe and enjyable walking experience.(驱动Mnwalkers的人工智能软件会根据你所处的地形和行走方式进行测量和调整，为你提供安全和愉快的行走体验)”可知，Mnwalkers得到了技术的帮助。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Why d yu chse Mnwalkers?部分中“·Expand (扩大) yur ftprint: Mnwalkers make walking many city blcks, even further, n sweat.(·扩大你的足迹：Mnwalkers可以让你走很多街区，甚至更远，毫不费力)”可知，有了Mnwalkers，用户可以在不那么疲劳的情况下走得更远。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“If yu weigh mre than 220lbs, yu can still use Mnwalkers but will experience slightly reduced perfrmance in certain edge cases. (如果你的体重超过220磅，你仍然可以使用月球漫步者，但在某些极端情况下，性能会略有下降)”可知，用户体重会影响Mnwalkers的功能。故选C。
5~8.【答案】A、B、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了曾经爱慕虚荣的斯蒂芬收到了TrueBeauty的信息，要求她展示真实的自我，于是她和罗宾逊太太一起做园艺振奋精神，玩的很高兴。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Her picture lked perfect with that filter. She psted it n the scial media fr her 15k fllwers, hping they wuld wish t have the same life as she shwed. Then she threw away the fd nw that it was cld.(她的照片用那个滤镜看起来很完美。她在社交媒体上为她的1.5万名粉丝发布了这张照片，希望他们也能过上和她一样的生活。然后她扔掉了食物，因为它已经冷了)”可知，斯蒂芬把这张添加滤镜的照片上传到网上是为了炫耀她的生活。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据表格中“PS. Yu can’t remve the filter r delete the pictures yu psted using it. After the first time yu use TrueBeauty, it will change all yur phts frm that mment n!( PS：你不能删除滤镜，也不能删除你用它发布的照片。在你第一次使用TrueBeauty之后，它将从那一刻起改变你所有的照片！)”可知，TrueBeauty要求我们诚实行事。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Then she saw Mrs Rbinsn watering the plants. She ffered t help. A cuple f hurs later, they were dne with the wrk. Steph had enjyed herself a lt. They tk a picture, standing tgether in frnt f the rses and smiling.(然后她看见罗宾逊太太在给植物浇水。她主动提出帮忙。几个小时后，他们完成了工作。斯蒂芬玩得很开心。他们一起站在玫瑰前，微笑着照了相)”可知，斯蒂芬觉得和罗宾逊太太一起做园艺振奋精神。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Later that evening Steph lked at the picture n her phne. She changed the clurs a little bit. The rses lked beautiful anyway, with r withut any changes. Nthing culd imprve the smiles n her and Mrs Rbinsn’s faces. A really beautiful picture! She psted this picture. It lked exactly the same nline! She made her accunt public again and added sme text t the pht: Beauty in the garden.(那天晚上晚些时候，斯蒂芬看着手机里的照片。她稍微改变了一下颜色。不管有没有变化，玫瑰看起来都很漂亮。什么也不能使她和罗宾逊太太脸上的笑容更加灿烂。真是一幅美丽的画！她发了这张照片。在网上看起来一模一样!她再次公开了自己的账户，并在照片上加上了一些文字：花园里的美人)”可知，作者接下来最有可能写斯蒂芬鼓励她的追随者重视内心的自我。故选D。
9~11.【答案】B、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了不适应白日梦会导致负面情绪的增加，以及行为成瘾等问题。
1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study als fund that maladaptive daydreaming was a behaviural addictin.(研究还发现，不适应白日梦是一种行为成瘾)”可知，不适应白日梦更可能成瘾。故选B。
2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Many prfessinals bject t treating maladaptive daydreaming as disease,” says Smer. As yu wuld expect fr a cnditin that isn’t yet widely recgnised, treatment and management ptins are still being develped and tested.(“许多专业人士反对把不适应白日梦当作疾病来对待，”萨默说。正如你所期望的那样，这种疾病尚未得到广泛认可，治疗和管理方案仍在开发和测试中)”可知，对于不适应白日梦，萨默认为专家们应该认真对待。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Hwever, while the benefits f daydreaming were cming t light, psychlgist Eli Smer fund that sme f his patients’ fantasies were replacing real scial interactins and, as a result, were undermining (逐渐削弱) their ability t maintain daily relatinships.(然而，当白日做梦的好处逐渐显现的时候，心理学家Eli Smer发现，他的一些病人的幻想取代了真实的社会交往，结果削弱了他们维持日常关系的能力)”结合文章主要说明了不适应白日梦会导致负面情绪的增加，以及行为成瘾等问题。可知，文章的主要目的是重视处理白日梦的阴暗面。故选D。
12~15.【答案】B、A、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学界存在发现竞争的情况，有些人担心被他人抢先发表了发现，但事实上这是不必要的担心。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中第一句话“The histry f science is full f cmpetitin. (科学史充满竞争。)”和“Charles Darwin rushed ut his bk On the Origin f Species after receiving a manuscript (手稿) detailing similar ideas frm Alfred Russel Wallace, and Isaac Newtn, Gttfried Wilhelm Leibniz and their supprters argued ver wh invented calculus. (查尔斯·达尔文在收到阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士的手稿后，匆忙出版了他的《物种起源》一书，手稿中详细描述了艾萨克·牛顿、戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨和他们的支持者为谁发明了微积分而争论不休。)”可知，作者提到《物种起源》这本书是为了表明发现竞赛很常见。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the real wrld, hwever, credit fr scientific discveries is unlikely t be winner-takes-all.(然而，在现实世界中，科学发现的荣誉不太可能是赢家通吃的)”以及后文“Structures that were made public secnd were nly 2.5% less likely ever t be published, althugh they tended t appear in less famus jurnals than were structures published first.(第二公开的结构被发表的可能性只有2.5%，尽管它们往往出现在不太知名的期刊上，而不是首先发表的结构)”可知，上文提到科学发现的荣誉不太可能是赢家通吃的，说明被抢先的代价较小。故划线词意思是“较小的”。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“That didn’t turn ut t be the case. Ramakrishnan’s and Ynath’s teams are bth credited with wrking ut the ribsme and the scientists each shared ne-third f the 2009 Nbel chemistry prize. (但事实并非如此。Ramakrishnan和Ynath的团队都因发现核糖体而受到赞誉，两位科学家各自分享了2009年诺贝尔化学奖的三分之一)”可推知，至于罗摩克里希南担心被抢先，作者认为没有必要，这是因为他们的团队都因为发现核糖体而受到赞誉。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Being scped (抢先) t a discvery is a scientist’s least desirable thing. “Yu get a meaningful advantage fr being first, but being scped may nt be as damaging as peple seem t fear,” says Carlyn Stein, an ecnmist at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) in Cambridge.(被抢先发现是科学家最不希望发生的事。位于剑桥的麻省理工学院(MIT)的经济学家卡罗琳·斯坦说：“你率先获得了一个有意义的优势，但被抢先可能并不像人们所担心的那样具有破坏性。”)”结合文章主要说明了科学界存在发现竞争的情况，有些人担心被他人抢先发表了发现，但事实上这是不必要的担心。可知，D选项“科学被抢先发表：声誉总会找上你”最符合文章标题。故选D。
16~20.【答案】A、E、F、C、G
【解析】【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于好奇心的研究，它强调了好奇心的复杂性。好奇心可以促进大脑状态，帮助我们储存新信息。我们要充分利用好奇心可以帮助我们享受学习的过程。
1. 根据上文“The mment any birdwatcher spts a striking and unfamiliar bird, the first thing they d is t pull ut a phne and identify the species. This suggests curisity is all abut acting nw. It drives us t find answers as sn as pssible. The impatience fr answers mirrrs what psychlgists think is a main functin f curisity: t reduce uncertainty. (任何观鸟者一旦发现一只令人震惊的陌生鸟，他们要做的第一件事就是拿出手机，识别它的种类。这表明好奇心就是现在就行动。它驱使我们尽快找到答案。对答案的不耐烦反映了心理学家认为好奇心的主要功能：减少不确定性。)”可知，空格处需要进一步说明好奇心，总结尽快找到答案存在的缺点。选项A. But this picture f curisity is incmplete. (但这种好奇心的图景是不完整的。)与上文形成转折关系；能够承接上文。故选A。
2. 根据上文“Each vide started with a blank(空白的) screen. (每个视频都以空白屏幕开始。)”以及下文“While the participants watched each vide, the scientists wuld ask them hw curius they were abut what the drawing wuld becme. (当参与者观看每个视频时，科学家会问他们对画出来的东西有多好奇。)”可知，空格处应说明的是视频接下来播放的内容。选项E. A line wuld then appear and mve arund, gradually taking a shape. (然后会出现一条线并四处移动，逐渐形成形状。)说明的是接下来的内容，选项中的then与started with相呼应，能够承上启下。故选E。
3. 根据上文“Interestingly, when participants were mre curius, they were mre likely t cntinue watching. (有趣的是，当参与者更好奇时，他们更有可能继续观看。)”以及下文“The experiment als revealed that as peple watched the vide, curisity wuld change acrss the jurney. Yet regardless f hw curisity changed, peple with greater curisity tend t engage in the prcess. (实验还显示，当人们观看视频时，好奇心会在整个过程中发生变化。然而，不管好奇心如何变化，好奇心更强的人往往会参与到这个过程中来。)”可知，空格处继续说明好奇心对于人们的作用。选项F. In ther wrds, higher curisity mtivated peple t slw dwn and be patient. (换句话说，更高的好奇心促使人们放慢脚步，保持耐心。)中的“放慢脚步，保持耐心”与上文中的“他们可能继续观看”相呼应；且与下文中“好奇心更强的人往往会参与到这个过程中来”相呼应；能够承上启下。故选F。
4. 根据下文“First, it underlines the cmplexity f curisity, pening new paths fr research t explre its varieties. It als highlights the significance f engaging with uncertainty: Having t cnsider and predict answers can imprve learning and memry, and curisity can prmte brain states that help us stre new infrmatin. (首先，它强调了好奇心的复杂性，为探索好奇心的多样性开辟了新的研究途径。它还强调了与不确定性接触的重要性:必须考虑和预测答案可以提高学习和记忆能力，好奇心可以促进大脑状态，帮助我们储存新信息。)”可知，空格处需要填入主题句，说明的是研究的影响作用。选项C. The pssible effects f the research are really impressive. (这项研究可能产生的影响确实令人印象深刻。)，说明的是这些研究给人深刻的影响，能够作为本段的主题句，引出下文。故选C。
5. 根据上文“Learning new things can be challenging. (学习新事物是很有挑战性的。)”以及本文的主题好奇心，可知，空格处需要进一步说明学习与好奇心的关系。选项G. Hwever, making gd use f curisity can help us enjy the prcess f learning. (然而，充分利用好奇心可以帮助我们享受学习的过程。)说明的是如何利用好奇心来学习，上文中的“Learning new things”与“the prcess f learning”相呼应；与上文形成转折关系，选项G能够承接上文，总结全文。故选G。
21~30.【答案】A、C、B、A、D、C、D、A、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 Jeff 和他的儿子Jhnny 第六次参加铁人三项赛并在规定时间完成的故事。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们并不是有代表性的竞争对手。 A. typical典型的，有代表性的； B. serius严重的；C. qualified合格的；D. passinate热情的。由下文“Jhnny had difficulty in walking”以及语境可知，Jhnny本身有缺陷，所以他们的目的不是获奖，只是想在规定时间完成，所以并不是“有代表性的”竞争对手。故选A项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jhnny走路有困难，所以Jeff充当他的胳膊和腿，在比赛中背着儿子的重量。A. shifting转换；B. testing测试；C. carrying携带，背；D. cutting切割。由上文“Jhnny had difficulty in walking”可知，这里Jeff充当Jhnny的胳膊和腿，在比赛中“背”他。故选C项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比赛真的很困难的。A. bring无聊的；B. tugh困难的；C. jyus快乐的；D. relaxing令人放松的。由下文“Participants have t finish a triathln (铁人三项赛) with 140 miles f swimming, cycling, and running in under 17 hurs.”可知，这里指比赛时间和距离都很长，要完成很“困难的”。故选B项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次失败的尝试都只会激起他们证明自己更加坚定的欲望。A. attempt尝试；B. reactin反应；C. request请求；D. arrangement安排。由上文“Jeff and Jhnny had tried five times”可知，这里指他们以前的“尝试”激起他们证明自己更加坚定的欲望。故选A项。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，他们参加了2022年的铁人三项比赛，希望取得突破。A. future未来；B. reward奖励；C. survival存活；D. breakthrugh突破。由上文“they had yet finished in time”可知，他们这次期待一次“突破”。故选D项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jeff把 Jhnny扶上皮划艇，用绑在皮划艇上的绳子拖着儿子。A. striking打击；B. pushing推动；C. dragging拖拉；D. wrapping包装。由下文“with a rpe tied t the kayak”以及语境可知，这里指用绳子“拖拉”着皮划艇。故选C项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在九个小时内完成了要求很高的自行车比赛后，他们将目光投向了最后的挑战：一场26.2英里的马拉松比赛，Jeff推着坐在比赛椅上的Jhnny。A. prpsal建议；B. chice选择；C. slutin解决方案；D. challenge挑战。由上文“a triathln (铁人三赛赛) with 140 miles f swimming, cycling, and running”可知，这里马拉松是最后一个“挑战”了。故选D项。
8. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：在19英里处比赛了10.5个小时后，Jeff开始担心，意识到他们跑得太慢了，所以他们加快了速度。A. picked up拾起，加速；B. kept up保持；C. went thrugh经历；D. slwed dwn减速。由上文“they were ging t slw”可知，这里指他们意识到自己速度慢了，决定“加速”了步伐。故选A项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：16小时55分35秒后，只剩下4分25秒，父子俩一起冲过终点线。A. waste浪费；B. spare抽出，留出；C. wait等待；D. save拯救。由上文“running in under 17 hurs”可知，这里指在他们16小时55分35秒完成，比预定时间还“留出”4分25秒。故选B项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个充满希望和勇气的新篇章的开始。A. career职业；B. attitude态度；C. pprtunity机会；D. chapter章节，篇章。由上文“father and sn crssed the finish line tgether”以及语境可知，他们完成了挑战，所以从此开始了一个新的“篇章”。故选D项。
31.【答案】whm
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有一个朋友，我和他一样热爱旅行。句中“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词a friend，关系代词指代先行词作介词的宾语，指人，应用whm。故填whm。
32.【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：救援人员最关心的是孩子们的安全。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。
33.【答案】leaving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们外出时应该避免让灯开着。短语avid ding sth.表示“避免做某事”，设空处填动名词作宾语。故填leaving。
34.【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我记得我们在海滩度过暑假的那一年。空格处为定语从句的连接词，修饰the year，从句中句子成分完整，所以需要填入关系副词；先行词为时间，所以用when。故填when。
35.【答案】written
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这封信笔迹优美，读起来令人愉快。此处write与letter构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填written。
36.【答案】T keep
【解析】考查不定式。句意：为了保持清醒，他们坐在地板上互相讲故事。根据句意可知此处表示目的，应该用不定式作目的状语，故填T keep。
37.【答案】makes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我认为把信息写下来总是让你以后回顾起来更容易。设空处在省略that的宾语从句中作谓语，根据根据上文think以及从句中“always”可知从句为一般现在时，主语writing infrmatin dwn为动名词作主语，谓语用三单形式。故填makes。
38.【答案】has vercme
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，他克服了事业上的各种困难，取得了显著的成功和认可。根据上文Over the past ten years可知为现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has vercme。
39.【答案】has vercme
【解析】查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，他克服了事业上的各种困难，取得了显著的成功和认可。根据上文Over the past ten years可知为现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has vercme。
40.【答案】was awarded
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：去年，该公司的首席执行官因其出色的领导能力和对公司成功的巨大贡献而被授予“年度最佳”。设空处作谓语，主语the cmpany’s CEO与动词award构成被动关系，根据上文Last year可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语the cmpany’s CEO为单数。故填was awarded。
41.【答案】【小题1】
By keeping a nte n his phne with details f the fd that ges bad every week at his hme.
【小题2】
The great waste reductin and better ecnmic utcmes.
【小题3】
Rayner Li was inspired t fund Lumitics by his experience f fd shrtage in his wn life.
Rayner Li gt the idea fr Lumitics when/while wrking in Singapre, he saw kids g hungry.
【小题4】
(1)T reduce fd waste, I always encurage my family t finish ur meals when we eat ut, r t take away the leftvers fr later use. I ften use leftvers t make new dishes like sups r stir-fries. This nt nly helps reduce waste but als lets me get creative with cking.
(2)I usually stre fd prperly, which is a gd way t prevent wasting. Fr example, Iensure item s like fruit and vegetables are kept in the refrigeratr, while dry gds are stred in airtight cntainers in a cl and dry place. By ding this, I can reduce fd waste.
(3)Gardening is my way t avid fd waste. Backyard cmpsting is a great way t keep fd waste ut f the landfill and prvide nutritin fr my garden. Fr instance, in this way vegetable peels dn’t have t g t waste but t my garden r my cmpsting cntainers.
【解析】1. 考查细节理解。根据第一段“He keeps a nte n his phne with details f the fd that ges bad every week at his hme. That way, when he ges t the supermarket, he has a better idea f hw much fd he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shpping accrdingly.(他在手机上记录了家中每周变质食物的细节。这样，当他去超市时，他就能更好地了解自己一周实际吃了多少食物，并能相应地调整自己的购物计划)”可知，雷纳·洛伊通过在手机上记录他家里每周变质食物的细节知道他一周吃多少食物。故答案为By keeping a nte n his phne with details f the fd that ges bad every week at his hme.
2. 考查细节理解。根据第三段“As a result, its custmers can use the data f the waste t adjust the amunt f fd they prepare r buy, leading t a great waste reductin.(因此，它的客户可以使用废物的数据来调整他们准备或购买的食物数量，从而大大减少了浪费)”以及“The cmpany is als beneficial fr its custmers’ ecnmic utcmes.(该公司也有利于其客户的经济成果)”可知，Lumitics可以让客户大大减少浪费，取得更好的经济效益。故答案为The great waste reductin and better ecnmic utcmes.
3. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Li gt the idea fr Lumitics when, while wrking in Singapre, he saw kids g hungry.(Li在新加坡工作时，看到孩子们在挨饿，于是萌生了创办Lumitics的想法)”可知，错误部分为“by his experience f fd shrtage in his wn life”，因为Rayner Li在新加坡工作时，看到孩子们在挨饿，于是萌生了制作Lumitics的想法。故答案为Rayner Li was inspired t fund Lumitics by his experience f fd shrtage in his wn life. Rayner Li gt the idea fr Lumitics when/while wrking in Singapre, he saw kids g hungry.
4.
考查开放题。根据“除了雷纳·罗的节约食物的方法，你在日常生活中如何避免食物浪费”可回答：(1)为了减少食物浪费，我总是鼓励我的家人在外出就餐时把饭吃完，或者把剩菜带走以后用。我经常用剩菜做汤或炒菜之类的新菜。这不仅有助于减少浪费，还能让我在烹饪上更有创意。(2)我通常妥善储存食物，这是防止浪费的好方法。例如，我确保像水果和蔬菜这样的物品存放在冰箱里，而干货则存放在阴凉干燥的密封容器中。通过这样做，我可以减少食物浪费。(3)园艺是我避免食物浪费的方法。后院堆肥是一个很好的方法，使食物垃圾远离垃圾填埋场，并为我的花园提供营养。例如，用这种方法，蔬菜皮不必浪费，而是要放在我的花园或堆肥容器里。故答案为(1)T reduce fd waste, I always encurage my family t finish ur meals when we eat ut, r t take away the leftvers fr later use. I ften use leftvers t make new dishes like sups r stir-fries. This nt nly helps reduce waste but als lets me get creative with cking.
(2)I usually stre fd prperly, which is a gd way t prevent wasting. Fr example, Iensure item s like fruit and vegetables are kept in the refrigeratr, while dry gds are stred in airtight cntainers in a cl and dry place. By ding this, I can reduce fd waste.
(3)Gardening is my way t avid fd waste. Backyard cmpsting is a great way t keep fd waste ut f the landfill and prvide nutritin fr my garden. Fr instance, in this way vegetable peels dn’t have t g t waste but t my garden r my cmpsting cntainers.
42.【答案】Pssible versin 1
Dear Jim,
Glad t hear frm yu! I’m als eager t participate in UN Vlunteers yu mentined.
I’m interested in the vlunteer envirnmental prtectin prgram. Deeply cncerned abut the situatin abut ur envirnment and the impact f climate change, I believe that each individual has a respnsibility t cntribute t prtecting ur planet. Mre imprtantly, I can’t wait t put my educatin in the field f envirnmental science int practice.
Have yu gt specific infrmatin f the prgram? Culd yu please share with me the qualificatins, selectin criteria, any specific skills required and such like?
Lking frward t yur early reply!
Yurs,
Li HuaPssible versin 2
Dear Jim,
I am thrilled t hear that yu are applying fr UN Vlunteers. I am als interested and wuld like t knw mre abut it.
I want t jin in the vlunteer teaching prgram because I am passinate abut teaching and believe that every child deserves access t quality educatin. Thrugh this prgram, I hpe t cntribute t the develpment and imprvement f educatin in underprivileged cmmunities.
T make the best f the prject, I als want t learn abut sme relevant infrmatin. D yu knw the duratin and lcatin f the prgram? I am als wndering if there are any specific qualificatins r skills that are necessary fr the vlunteers.
I lk frward t hearing frm yu sn and hpe that we can enjy this meaningful jurney tgether.
Yurs,
Li HuaPssible versin 3
Dear Jim,
I am happy t receive yur letter in which I knw the UN Vlunteers.
T be hnest, I want in with yu. The vlunteer rescue prgram is what I want t apply fr. As yu knw, influenced by my father, a pliceman, I have been dreaming t be ne like him, saving peple’s life. The pprtunity t put my first-aid skills int practice and the chance f reducing suffering and the lss f life can certainly be anther reasn.
But I am nt sure if I am qualified enugh. D they accept Chinese teenagers under 18 years ld? With n previus related experience, d I stand any chance? Hw can I apply fr it? Can yu share mre infrmatin with me?
Hpe we can take part in the prgram tgether. Lking frward t yur early reply!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你从外国好友Jim的来信中得知他在申请联合国志愿者项目，你也有意参加。要求考生写一封英文邮件说明感兴趣的志愿服务种类和原因，并询问项目相关信息。
【详解】（范文一）
1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
参加：participate in→take part in
感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in
影响：impact→influence
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Culd yu please share with me the qualificatins, selectin criteria, any specific skills required and such like?
拓展句：I wuld appreciate it if yu culd please share with me the qualificatins, selectin criteria, any specific skills required and such like.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Deeply cncerned abut the situatin abut ur envirnment and the impact f climate change, I believe that each individual has a respnsibility t cntribute t prtecting ur planet. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
【高分句型2】I’m als eager t participate in UN Vlunteers yu mentined. (运用了省略关系词的定语从句)
assume cme acrss indicate admire n the edge f
prmte prceed with refer t run ut (f) take charge f
Dear User,I knw that each f yu truly cares abut shwing yurself.
Are yu as beautiful n the inside as n the utside? If yu want yur pictures t shw the real yu, itˈs time t be as beautiful in real life as n yur scial media.
Lve,
True BeautyPS. Yu can’t remve the filter r delete the pictures yu psted using it. After the first time yu use TrueBeauty, it will change all yur phts frm that mment n!
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