【暑假衔接】人教版新高二英语 暑假衔接讲义 第01讲 Unit1 语法 非限制性定语从句（选择性必修一）（教师版+学生版）

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1．了解非限制性定语从句的概念和用法。
2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。
定语从句（限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别）
1.定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是作一些补充说明，不起限制作用，这种从句称为非限制性定语从句。它常常用逗号与主句分开；翻译时常译成并列的分句。例如：
This nte was left by Jhn,wh was here a mment ag.
这条子是约翰留下的，他刚才来过这儿。
2. 非限制性定语从句在修饰人时用wh(主格),whm(宾格),whse(所有格),即：在定语从句中关系代词指人做主语时，只能用wh;作宾语时，只能用whm，不能有几种选择，也不能省略，只有一种答案。在修饰物时用which而不能用that。总之，非限制性定语从句里没有that，也没有why。
非限制性定语从句引导词的选择
关系代词的选择
A．非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。指人时，如引导词作主语用wh，作宾语用whm；指物时要用which。即使引导词作宾语也不能省略。
①Mary，wh is frm Australia，is an ld friend f mine．
玛丽是我的老朋友，她来自澳大利亚。
②Bb's father，wh wrked n the prject，spent fur years in Egypt．
鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。
B．as和which的选择
(1)as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末且as或which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。
He failed in the exam，which／as was natural．
他考试没及格，这很自然。(作主语)
但要注意以下区别：
如果非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中，只能用as。
As we have seen，ceans cver mre than 70 percent f the earth．
我们已经看到，海洋占地球面积的70%多。
(2)as常用在一些固定结构中，如as we knw／as is knwn t all(众所周知)，as we all can see(正如我们大家都能看到的那样)，as is ften the case(情况常常是这样)，as might be imagined(可以想象得到)，as might be expected(正如所预料的那样)，as has been pinted ut(正如所指出的那样)，as has been said befre／abve(正如前文所述)，as(is) ften happens (像往常一样)。
She has been absent again，as ften happens． 像往常一样，她又缺席了。
C．关系代词和关系副词的选择
在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样：引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词。
The ld man has a daughter，wh is a dctr．
这位老人有一个女儿，她是医生。(wh作主语)
I experienced a hard situatin in 2000，where nbdy culd help me．
我在2000年经历了一段困难处境，没有人能帮我。(where 作状语)
注意：(1)限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一句话。试比较：
The film，which I saw last night，is very interesting．
这是我昨天晚上看过的电影，非常有意思。(先行词为film)
The film is very interesting，which makes me very glad．
这部电影很有意思，这让我很高兴。(先行词为“The film is very interesting”所表达的内容。)
(2)关系代词替代情况不同。
在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词可用wh、that或whm，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用wh或whm。
Tm has a brther，that is a wrker．(误)
Tm has a brther，wh is a wrker．(正)
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．My physics teacher is my rle mdel, ____________ influence n me has made what I am tday.
2．These include the third mass extinctin, knwn as the “Great Dying”, ________ killed 90% t 96% f all species.
3．Mingying Mall, the height f _________ is 423 meters, is the new icnic attractin in Dngguan.
4．The rm, ________ he lives in alne, is wide and bright.
5．Li Ming, with ________ I went t the cncert, enjyed it very much.
6．Mr. Wu, ________ everybdy likes, is ging t give us a talk n chemistry.
7．The sldiers were tired and hungry, mst f _____ had marched fr a lng time.
8．Tall grasses and trees, dtted the plains, ________were alive with the African wildlife we had cme t see.
9．There are ttally three bedrms in the huse, the smallest f _________is Mary’s.
10．Setting a gal fr yurself is imprtant, ________ will make yu wrk harder than befre.
11．He has three sns, all f ________went abrad fr further educatin.
12．Mr Jnes, fr ______wrked n the farm was very generus abut vertime payments.
13．Mary,________sister I shared a rm with at cllege, has gne t wrk in Germany.
14．________ is knwn t us students, Nanjing is a famus city fr her lng histry.
15．The gunman, ______ mask had slipped,fled.
16．Previusly, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly frm an increasing vlume f turists, many f _________ frequently threw garbage int the river.
17．I highly recmmend the film The King’s Speech, _______________ King Gerge Ⅵ succeeds in the end.
18．________ is knwn t us, Nanjing is a famus city fr its lng histry.
19．We have invited a famus artist, _______________ paintings will be n exhibitin during the event.
20．It is free t cmmunicate with thers n WeChat, _______________will save yu a lt f mney.
21．The Amazn River , ________ the rainfrest gets its name, is clse t 6,400 kilmeters in length.
22．______ is shwn abve, there are tw cartns presenting tw quite different situatins.
23．Our dctr,________we all liked very much, retired last week.
24．Out f the crner rushed a cat,________ frightened the ld man back a few steps.
25．My mther，________ guiding principle in life was ding right, had a cnsistent influence n me.
26．He said nthing abut the matter,________ meant that he had dne it.
27．The Chinese hetb qingha, frm_________qinghasu cmes, has been used t cure diseases fr almst 2,000 years.
28．Uncle Tm lives in a muntainus village,________ is distant frm here.
29．________ is ften the case, peple stare at their phnes while sitting n the bus.
30．Yesterday she sld her car,________ she bught a mnth ag.
31．I ften visit my English teacher,________ help is imprtant t me.
32．We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week,________ the weather will be better.
33．Dn’t waste time n jealusy, because life is a lng race,________ yur nly ppnent is yurself in the end.
34．Martin has been ut f wrk fr several mnths,________ makes his wife very upset.
35．Thmpsn has tw plans, neither f ________seems t be practical.
36．Up t nw, Susan has created many prjects, ne f ________ received an award at the science fair.
37．He cmpleted cllege at 15,________I culd hardly believe.
38．____________ M Yan said, if we want t be struck by inspiratin, we must g deep int ur lives.
39．Mr. Smith, frm ____________ I have learned a lt, is a famus scientist.
40．In China, the number f cities is increasing, ____________ develpment is recgnized acrss the wrld.
41．He usually has lunch in his ffice, ____________ there are fewer peple at lunchtime.
42．She intrduced me t her husband, ____________ I hadn’t met befre.
43．The stry happened in 1769, ____________ there was a war between the tw cuntries.
44．My hmetwn is Beijing, ____________ is the capital f China.
45．Disneyland, ________cnsists f several theme areas, is a ppular turist destinatin.
46．Many yung peple, mst f ________were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
47．I made a table, ______surface is quite smth.
48．Befre them the Shenzhu Ⅻ and three­member crews lived inside the Tiangng, ________ is traveling in lw­Earth rbit abut 400 kilmeters high.
49．The ld man has three sns, nne f ________ is a dctr.
50．They live in a small huse, in frnt f ________ stands an range tree.
51．One day, the ptter frgt t take the rpe, with ___ he tied the dnkey every day.
52．________ I explained n the phne, yur request wuld be discussed at the next meeting.
53．They talked abut lts f histrical figures, many________ I didn’t knw.
54．___________ yu can see, Tm didn’t attend the meeting.
55．________ is knwn t us, the mn travels arund the earth abut nce a mnth.
56．It’s easy t tell the symptns f influenza A, ________ fever, jint pain, vmiting and diarrhea are cmmn.
57．China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, ________ shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
58．Nwadays, it is cmmn t see many yung peple staring at their mbile phnes instead f reading a real bk, abut_____________many experts are wrried.
59．China Daily attracts a wrldwide readership,_____________shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
60．Tm’s brther,_____________wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in Hainan at the mment.
61．Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 5 p.m. daily at the pet shp,_____ she pened with her late husband Les.
62．Later, he wrked in Africa,________ many peple suffered frm blindness fr lack f prper treatment.
63．I was in the middle f the Amazn with my wife, ________ was there as a medical researcher.
64．In 1897, Jseph Jhn Thmsn annunced his discvery f the electrn(电子),________ which he was awarded the Nbel Prize in Physics in 1906.
65．I wuld rather my brther were in Beijing, in ___________ case he wuld accmpany me t the bkstre.
66．Have yu ever seen the film Gld Rush, ______describes a special perid f the US when many peple went t Califrnia t seek fr frtune?
67．New Yrk is a mysterius place _____________ sme peple want t seek their frtune.
68．______________ne virtual chir member said, “ Music helps me t ... frget my prblems.”
69．I will talk t thse students, the hmewrk f _____________ hasn't been finished.
70．He passed the driving test at his first attempt, ______ made him excited.区别项目
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式
与主句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中不停顿。
与主句之间常用逗号隔开，口语中有停顿。
作用
对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制，若去掉，则句意不完整。
对先行词起补充说明作用，若省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
翻译与含义
翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，限制先行词。
翻译时与主句隔开，对先行词解释说明。
先行词
名词或代词。
名词、代词、短语或句子。
关系词
各类关系词，有几种选择，有时可省。
不用that和why，一般只有一种选择，关系词不可省。