高中英语2024届高考语法复习主谓宾结构知识讲解
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这是一份高中英语2024届高考语法复习主谓宾结构知识讲解,共4页。学案主要包含了主谓宾结构,常见谓语,谓语动词,谓语系动词,谓语助动词等内容,欢迎下载使用。
一、主谓宾结构
主谓宾是中文句子中常见的基本句型,由主语、谓语和宾语组成。主语是句子的主要话题或执行者,谓语表示主语的动作或状态,而宾语是动作的承受者或作用对象。以下是一些例子。
1.他(主语)看书(动词)。
English: He (subject) reads (verb) a bk (bject).
2.她(主语)吃饭(动词)。
English: She (subject) eats (verb) fd (bject).
3.我们(主语)喝茶(动词)。
English: We (subject) drink (verb) tea (bject).
4.小猫(主语)追老鼠(动词)。
English: The kitten (subject) chases (verb) the muse (bject).
5.他们(主语)学习英语(动词)。
English: They (subject) study (verb) English (bject).
1.他(主语)吃(谓语动词)苹果(宾语)。
He (subject) eats (verb) an apple (bject).
2.她(主语)喝(谓语动词)茶(宾语)。
She (subject) drinks (verb) tea (bject).
3.我(主语)看(谓语动词)电影(宾语)。
I (subject) watch (verb) a mvie (bject).
4.学生们(主语)写(谓语动词)作业(宾语)。
The students (subject) write (verb) hmewrk (bject).
5.她(主语)送(谓语动词)礼物(宾语)给我(间接宾语)。
She (subject) gives (verb) a gift (bject) t me (indirect bject).
1.他(主语)吃(谓语)苹果(宾语)。
English translatin: He (subject) eats (predicate) an apple (bject).
2.我们(主语)喝(谓语)咖啡(宾语)。
English translatin: We (subject) drink (predicate) cffee (bject).
3.她(主语)读(谓语)书(宾语)。
English translatin: She (subject) reads (predicate) a bk (bject).
4.小猫(主语)追(谓语)老鼠(宾语)。
English translatin: The kitten (subject) chases (predicate) the muse (bject).
5.我们(主语)爱(谓语)这个城市(宾语)。
English translatin: We (subject) lve (predicate) this city (bject).
在这些例子中,主语执行动作或行为,谓语动词表示动作或状态,而宾语是动作的接受者或受影响者。主语执行动作(谓语),动作的对象是宾语。
二、常见谓语
谓语是句子中表示动作、状态或存在的成分,是句子的核心部分。在英语中,谓语可以是动词或动词短语,用来描述主语的动作、状态或属性。
常见的谓语包括动词、系动词和助动词。以下是它们的简要说明:
1.动词谓语
动词谓语是句子中最基本的谓语形式,用来表示主语的动作或状态。动词可以是及物动词(需要宾语)或不及物动词(不需要宾语)。
[例]
She eats (动词) an apple.(她吃了一个苹果。)
He runs (动词) every mrning.(他每天早上跑步。)
2.系动词谓语
系动词谓语由系动词和表语构成,用于描述主语的状态、特征或属性。
[例]
She is (系动词) happy.(她很开心。)
The cake tastes (系动词) delicius.(这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。)
3.助动词谓语
助动词谓语是由助动词和动词原形构成,用来表示时态、语态、情态等语法信息。
[例]
She has (助动词) finished (动词原形) her hmewrk.(她已经完成了作业。)
They will (助动词) g (动词原形) t the party tmrrw.(他们明天将去参加聚会。)
这些是常见的谓语形式,它们在句子中起着重要的作用,帮助表达动作、状态和属性。
三、谓语动词
常见的动词谓语包括表示动作、状态或变化的动词,以下是一些例子,附带英语翻译:
1.行为动词(Actin Verbs):
run(跑) The dg runs in the park.(狗在公园里跑步。)
eat(吃) She eats an apple.(她吃了一个苹果。)
play(玩) Children play in the playgrund.(孩子们在操场上玩耍。)
write(写) He writes a letter t his friend.(他给朋友写信。)
2.感官动词(Sensry Verbs):
see(看见) I see a bird in the tree.(我在树上看见了一只鸟。)
hear(听见) She hears music frm the next rm.(她听见了隔壁房间传来的音乐。)
smell(闻到) The flwers smell fragrant.(花儿散发出芳香。)
taste(尝) He tastes the sup and finds it delicius.(他尝了一口汤,发现很美味。)
3.情感动词(Emtinal Verbs):
lve(爱) They lve each ther deeply.(他们彼此深爱着。)
hate(讨厌) She hates spiders.(她讨厌蜘蛛。)
enjy(享受) We enjy watching mvies tgether.(我们喜欢一起看电影。)
fear(害怕) He fears the dark.(他害怕黑暗。)
4.变化动词(Change Verbs):
grw(成长) Plants grw in sunlight.(植物在阳光下生长。)
change(改变) The weather changes quickly.(天气变化很快。)
becme(变成) She becmes a dctr after years f study.(经过多年的学习,她成为了一名医生。)
transfrm(转变) The caterpillar transfrms int a butterfly.(毛毛虫变成了蝴蝶。)
这些动词谓语用于描述动作、状态、感知或变化,并在句子中起着核心的作用。
四、谓语系动词
系动词用于连接主语和表语,描述主语的状态或特征。以下是一些常见的系动词谓语,附带英语翻译的[例]
1.be(是、存在):
She is happy.(她很开心。)
The sky is blue.(天空是蓝色的。)
They are students.(他们是学生。)
The huse is big.(房子很大。)
2.seem(似乎、好像):
He seems tired.(他看起来很疲倦。)
It seems difficult.(这似乎很困难。)
She seems upset.(她似乎很不开心。)
He seems happy tday.(他今天看起来很开心。)
3.appear(出现、显得):
The situatin appears cmplicated.(情况看起来很复杂。)
He appears cnfident.(他显得很自信。)
She appears lst.(她显得迷失了方向。)
It appears that he has changed his mind.(看来他改变了主意。)
4.becme(变成):
She becmes a teacher.(她成为了一名老师。)
The fd becmes cld.(食物变冷了。)
He becmes angry easily.(他容易生气。)
She becmes mre beautiful every day.(她每天都变得更美丽。)
He became a dctr after years f hard wrk.(经过多年的努力,他成为了一名医生。)
5.feel(感觉、觉得):
I feel happy.(我感觉很开心。)
She feels sick.(她感觉不舒服。)
He feels nervus.(他感到紧张。)
She feels sad abut the news.(她对这个消息感到难过。)
He feels tired after wrking all day.(他工作了一整天后感到疲倦。)
6.lk(看起来、好像):
Yu lk tired.(你看起来很累。)
The huse lks ld.(这房子看起来很旧。)
It lks like rain.(天看起来要下雨。)
Yu lk beautiful in that dress.(你穿着那件衣服看起来很美。)
The sky lks clear tday.(今天天空看起来很晴朗。)
He lks nervus befre the interview.(面试前他看起来很紧张。)
五、谓语助动词
常见的助动词用于构成各种时态、语态、情态等,通常与其他动词一起构成谓语。以下是一些常见的助动词谓语,附带英语翻译的[例]
1.be(是):
They are watching TV.(他们正在看电视。)
She is singing in the chir.(她正在合唱团唱歌。)
He was reading a bk when I called him.(我给他打电话时,他正在读书。)
2.d(做):
She des her hmewrk every day.(她每天都做作业。)
They did their best in the cmpetitin.(他们在比赛中尽了最大的努力。)
He did nt finish the prject n time.(他没有按时完成项目。)
3.have(已经):
She has finished her hmewrk.(她已经完成了作业。)
He has lst his keys.(他已经丢了钥匙。)
They have lived here fr five years.(他们已经在这里住了五年。)
He has visited Paris twice.(他已经两次访问了巴黎。)
4.will(将会):
I will g t the party tmrrw.(我明天会去参加派对。)
She will call yu later.(她稍后会给你打电话。)
They will arrive at nn.(他们将在中午到达。)
She will visit her grandparents next week.(她下周将会去拜访她的祖父母。)
They will arrive at the airprt at 9 p.m.(他们将会在晚上9点到达机场。)
He will nt attend the meeting tmrrw.(他明天不会参加会议。)
5.can(能够):
He can speak three languages.(他能够说三种语言。)
She can swim very well.(她游泳游得很好。)
She can speak three languages fluently.(她能够流利地说三种语言。)
They can slve the prblem easily.(他们能够轻松地解决问题。)
He can't swim.(他不会游泳。)
6.may(可能):
Yu may cme in.(你可以进来。)
It may rain tmrrw.(明天可能会下雨。)
She may be late.(她可能会迟到。)
7.must(必须):
We must finish this prject by Friday.(我们必须在周五前完成这个项目。)
Yu must wear a seatbelt in the car.(你在车上必须系安全带。)
He must be at the meeting.(他必须参加会议。)
She must finish her hmewrk befre dinner.(她必须在晚饭前完成作业。)
They must arrive n time fr the meeting.(他们必须准时到达会议。)
He must nt frget t bring his passprt.(他必须不要忘记带护照。)
8.shuld(应该):
Yu shuld aplgize t her.(你应该向她道歉。)
We shuld study harder.(我们应该更努力学习。)
He shuld arrive sn.(他应该很快到达。)
这些助动词谓语用于表示各种语法信息,如完成时态、将来时态、能力、可能性、必要性等,并与其他动词构成完整的谓语结构。
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