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安徽省安庆市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次段考（期中）英语试题
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这是一份安徽省安庆市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次段考（期中）英语试题，共17页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
1．Why des the wman intend t g t Rme?
A．T wrk.B．T study.C．T travel.
2．What des the wman think f the trip?
A．Wrthless.B．Terrible.C．Great.
3．In which city did the wman and Jhn stay the lngest?
A．Vienna.B．Rme.C．Paris.
4．What is “cuscus”?
A．A new htel.B．A kind f fd.C．A clse relative.
5．Where des the cnversatin mst prbably take place?
A．In a park.B．In a z.C．In a pet stre.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面一段对话，回答6-7小题。
6．Where are the speakers?
A．In a restaurant.B．In a bkstre.C．In a supermarket.
7．What des the man have t d nw?
A．Sign his name.B．Wait fr his turn.C．Call his friend.
听下面一段对话，回答8-10小题。
8．What did the man d yesterday?
A．He started a new jb.B．He did sme shpping nline.
C．He registered fr a class.
9．What des the man want t buy?
A．Psters.B．Brushes.C．Paintings.
10．What will the wman d next?
A．Email the man.B．Ask abut a sale.C．G t a stre.
听下面一段对话，回答11-13小题。
11．Why des the girl rder the flwers?
A．She likes flwers.
B．Mther’s Day is cming.
C．She wants t make a surprise.
12．What kind f flwers des the girl finally rder?
A．Lilies.B．Rses.C．Sunflwers.
13．When will the flwers be delivered?
A．On May 5th.B．On May 7th.C．On May 9th.
听下面一段对话，回答14-17小题。
14．Wh is the man?
A．A hst.B．A farmer.C．A businessman.
15．Why did the wman start the Fd Exchange?
A．T save mney.B．T avid wasting fd.C．T bring peple tgether.
16．Where is the Fd Exchange?
A．In a supermarket.B．In a backyard.C．By the radside.
17．What des the wman bring t the Fd Exchange?
A．Jam.B．Dried fruit.C．Fresh vegetables.
听下面一段独白，回答18-20小题。
18．Why did Mr. Day lk at the blanket fr a lng time but g away?
A．He didn’t like its clr.
B．The blanket was t big fr him t take hme.
C．He wanted t get the blanket but culd nt decide n it.
19．What was the result?
A．Mr. Day didn’t get the blanket.
B．The seller sld the blanket at a lwer price.
C．The seller sent the blanket t Mr. Day’s hme.
20．What can we learn frm the stry?
A．The seller was clever, but Mr. Day was flish.
B．The seller wasn’t hnest and Mr. Day was humrus.
C．The seller didn’t want t sell the blanket t Mr. Day.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共 15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Here are fur bks fr yu and yur children. Pick anyne yu like!
Ftball with Dad by Frank Berris
After watching the big game n TV every Sunday, a by and his dad head utside t thrw arund a ftball like their favrite players. With its fcus n playing safe and having fun. Ftball With Dad is the perfect way t intrduce yur little reader t the game f ftball.
There’s an Alligatr Under My Bed by Mercer
Mayer Fear f the dark ften brings peple anther fear, like having a mnster（怪物） under yur bed. This stry uses clever thinking t shw children hw t d with their fear during the night. And it des have helped lts f children vercme their fear f the dark.
Rm n the Brm by Julia Dnaldsn
The stry has a great message f friendship. A witch（女巫） is happily flying arund n her brm when the wind blws away her hat, then her bw, and then her wand. Luckily, a helpful animal finds her missing belngings each time.
7 Days till Ice Cream by Bernard Felician
Jerrn, A. J., and Cha are s excited abut ice cream day! But smetimes, the ice cream car drives dwn a different street. Can they wrk tgether t cntrl their car right t their huse? This fun, easy-t-read stry als shws us prblem-slving and hands-n activities that yur children will lve!
21．What is the bk Ftball With Dad abut?
A．Hw t enjy an exciting ftball game.B．Hw t play ftball.
C．Hw t be a father.D．Hw t get kids t be athletic.
22．Which bk is abut curage?
A．Ftball with Dad.B．There’s an Alligatr Under My Bed.
C．Rm n the Brm.D．7 Days till Ice Cream.
23．Which f the fllwing can be used t describe Jerrn, A. J., and Cha?
A．Bring.B．Respnsible.C．Sensitive.D．Intelligent.
B
Last mnth, a study was published that examined climate change’s direct effects n the Earth’s seasns. Scientists fund a cnnectin between climate change and the temperature and duratin f the summer seasn. Summers in the Nrthern hemisphere（北半球） culd last nearly six mnths by the year 2100 if glbal warming cntinues, accrding t the study. With the seasns ff-balance, there will be harmful effects n human health and agriculture.
Yuping Guan, a physical ceangrapher at the State Key Labratry f Trpical Oceangraphy at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, and his clleagues cmbined daily climate data frm 1952 t 2011 t get a sense f the start and end f each seasn in the Nrthern hemisphere. Over the nearly 60-year perid, they discvered that, n average, summers grew frm 78 t 95 days, while winters shrtened frm 76 t 73 days. The spring and autumn seasns als shrtened. Guan and his team used the findings frm the data t create a mdel t hypthesize（假设） abut hw the seasns wuld pssibly change in the future. They fund that if left untuched, summers in the Nrthern hemisphere culd last nearly six mnths, while winters culd cntract t less than tw mnths.
If the Earth’s seasns cntinue t shift, it will bring negative effects t human health and agriculture. Lnger and htter summers, fr example, can cause msquites and ther disease-carrying insects t ptentially expand their scpe and land in places where they’re usually nt fund. “Because seasns influence the life cycles f plants and animals, climate change culd disturb species’ ability t adapt,” said Sctt Sheridan, a climate scientist “If seasns cntinue t change, everything isn’t ging t change perfectly as they shuld. If we take the example f flwers cming ut f the grund, thse flwers culd cme ut, but bees aren’t there t pllinate （授粉） them yet r they’re already past their peak.” With negative effects like these, human health and agriculture will face hardship while mving frward.
This study further prves hw cruel climate change is t humans, plants and animals, reminding us hw much we are all cnnected with the envirnment we share.
24．What did scientists find accrding t the study?
A．Sme seasns will disappear in their tracks.
B．Glbal warming will be at its wrst in 2100.
C．Human heath remains unharmed by climate change.
D．Climate change affects the days f summers.
25．What des the underlined wrd “cntract” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．Add.B．Shrten.C．Keep.D．Extend.
26．What can we infer abut the effects f lnger and htter summers?
A．Sme species are mre able t adapt t the change.
B．The envirnment will change as we wish.
C．Human health and agriculture are hardly affected.
D．Msquites can survive in mre places.
27．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Is summer taking the place f all ther seasns?B．Is climate change bringing hardship?
C．Is mankind t blame fr lnger summers?D．Is the Earth getting warmer?
C
On January 7th, 2022, David Bennett became the first persn t have a heart transplanted successfully int him frm a pig. On that ccasin, me re peratin success was the gal. This peratin is a milestne fr xentransplantatin（异种移植）— the transfer f rgans frm ther species t human patients.
Fr decades, researchers have attempted t deal with xentransplantatin’s basic prblem. This is that the human bdy, when it recgnizes freign tissue, tends t turn against it. In the case f pigs, the mst imprtant marker f freignness is a sugar mlecule （分子） called alpha-Gal. While this mlecule des nt exist in humans, antibdies t kill it d. S n transplant frm a pig with alpha-Gal wuld last mre than a cuple f minutes in a human bdy. In 2003 pigs were prduced with a changed genme s as t prevent the enzyme （酶） respnsible fr making alpha-Gal. This was a step in the right directin, but ther barriers ppped up.
The pig fr David’s peratin had a genme changed in ten ways t increase the chances f success. Three genes had been remved t reduce the risk f a human antibdy rejecting the rgan. A furth’ a grwth gene, had als been kncked ut, t ensure the heart did nt enlarge after transplantatin. And six human genes had been added t prmte acceptance.
There are ther cncerns. One is any unknwn rejectin mechanism. Anther is the pssibility that the rgan may pass viruses t its new hst. The pig in questin was raised where there was n virus t reduce the chance f that, but it remains a pssibility.
In thery, pigs can be raised t prvide humans with any slid rgan, but sme will be mre cmplex than thers. Mrever, even if these barriers can be vercme, mst researchers still acknwledge that increasing xentransplantatin t meet the wrld’s demand fr rgans may take decades. After this news, hwever, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.
28．What is the basic prblem f xentransplantatin?
A．The human bdy lacks alpha-Gal.
B．The human bdy resists freign tissues.
C．The life f the transplanted rgan is t shrt.
D．The enzyme is prevented frm making alpha-Gal.
29．Why was a grwth gene remved in David’s case?
A．Because it wuld change David’s genme.
B．Because it wuld lead t heart enlargement.
C．Because it wuld make the heart mre acceptable.
D．Because it wuld be recgnized by David’s antibdies.
30．What can we learn abut the pig?
A．It saved the patient’s life perfectly.B．It had a decreased number f genes.
C．It had an unknwn rejectin mechanism.D．It was raised in a virus-free envirnment.
31．What is the authr’s attitude twards the future f xentransplantatin?
A．Optimistic.B．Indifferent.C．Disturbed.D．Uncertain.
D
The reference desk staff at Bat n Ruge, Luisiana’s public libraries are prud f themselves fr answering their custmers’ questins. The best recipe, the histry f zydec, the number f times the LSU Tigers ftball team has been t the Cttn Bwl. Even in this age f Ggle and Siri, there’s n shrtage f questins.
“We’re in the infrmatin business,” says Patricia Husband, assistant branch library directr.
Then came the flding f 2016. Suddenly the questins became mre urgent（紧急的）. Peple wanted t knw hw t cntact Federal Emergency Management Agency fr assistance, where t get help paying bills, even where t find a hmeless shelter. Sme visitrs seemed t need much mre than what the library’s reference surces culd give them. They needed smene wh culd spend mre time with them, advise them n whm t call fr assistance and what dcuments and infrmatin they’d need.
The library turned t Vlunteers f America Greater Bat n Ruge （VOAGBR）, a nnprfit it had wrked with in the past. At VOAGBR, they’re all abut addressing the very cncerns peple were asking abut — assistance with affrdable husing, a drp-in center fr the hmeless, therapists wh wrk with families in crisis, prgrams fr senirs. They were cmmitted t helping thse wh were called “the least f these”. A 90-day pilt prgram （试点项目） was launched in the spring f 2017. Three evenings a week, VOAGBR wuld send casewrkers t three library branches.
The pilt prgram was extended fr an entire year. In its first six mnths at the library branches, VOAGBR helped 248 peple it might nt have therwise reached. There were als prgrams like Ask a Lawyer, where a lawyer gives free legal advice nce a mnth.
There are a lt f bks in Batn Ruge’s libraries — full f infrmatin, guidance, wisdm and entertainment— but the help that VOAGBR ffers there is right ut f peple’s heart.
32．What is the aim f paragraph 1?
A．T indicate staff’s wrk is hard.B．T prve the library is peple’s pride.
C．T shw the gd service f the library.D．T intrduce the great number f bks.
33．What was a prblem facing the library during the fld?
A．Its reference surces lessened.
B．The bks in it were destryed.
C．T many peple rushed in fr shelter.
D．It culdn’t prvide all infrmatin peple needed.
34．What can we knw abut VOAGBR?
A．It ffered aid t the needy.B．It was set up in 2017.
C．It was a library branch.D．It was a 90-day pilt prgram.
35．What can be inferred abut the pilt prgram?
A．It changed int an academic ne.B．It benefited peple a lt.
C．It advertised VOAGBR in the wrld.D．It helped the sufferers with its prfits.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine that as yu are barding an airplane’ half the engineers wh built the plane tell yu there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing yu and everyne else n bard. Wuld yu still bard?
In 2022, ver 700 tp academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence cmpanies were asked in a survey abut future AI risk. Half f thse surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent r greater chance f human extinctin frm future AI systems. 36
The fear f AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prspect, smething that belngs in sci-fi mre than in serius scientific and plitical debates. 37 It is even harder t grasp the speed at which these tls are develping even mre advanced and pwerful capabilities. But mst f the key skills bil dwn t ne thing: the ability t manipulate（操纵） and generate language, whether with wrds, sunds r images.
In the beginning was the wrd. 38 Frm language emerges myth and law, gds and mney, art and science, friendships and natins—even cmputer cde. AI’s new master y f language means it can nw ha ck and manipulate the perating system f civilizatin. What wuld it mean fr humans t live in a wrld where a large percentage f stries, meldies, images, laws, plicies and tls are shaped by nn-human intelligence? 39 What happens when the same thing ccurs in art, plitics, and even religin?
40 We are surrunded by culture, experiencing reality thrugh a cultural prism（棱镜）. Our views are shaped by the reprts f jurnalists and the accunts f friends. What will it be like t experience reality thrugh a prism prduced by nn-human intelligence? The time t reckn with AI is befre ur plitics, ur ecnmy and ur daily life becme dependent n it.
A．Humans ften dn’t have direct access t reality.
B．Language is the perating system f human culture.
C．In games like chess, n human can hpe t beat a cmputer.
D．By gaining mastery f language, AI is seizing the master key t civilizatin.
E．Technlgy cmpanies are caught in a race t put all f humanity n that plane.
F．Fr thusands f years we humans have lived inside the dreams f ther humans.
G．It’s difficult fr human minds t grasp the capabilities f GPT-4 and similar tls.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
My grandfather lives a nrmal life and nw enjys his retired life as mst 41 peple. But t me, he is special in many ways.
42 his graduatin frm senir high schl, he became a teacher and taught three subjects. My grandfather did everything he culd t 43 his students wuld have a 44 future.
The natinal cllege 45 exam resumed（重启） in 1977. At that time, my grandfather already had three children. It wuld mean lts f time and 46 t take the exam, but after seeking advice frm thers, he 47 t take the exam that year. He wanted t 48 his desire fr higher educatin and fr a better life fr his children. He 49 .
After graduating frm university, my grandfather returned t his hmetwn and pened an agricultural machinery market, which thrived and became knwn as the best f its kind in twn. Almst all the peple in the cunty knew his name. 50 his success, my grandfather wrked hard n the market’s management. He stayed up late t figure ut what custmers truly wanted. All these effrts 51 his market t run well fr decades.
My grandfather has als 52 a lt t his family. He remembers many stries f his children, and he made swings fr me by himself. He taught his children t becme a deep thinker and frm a 53 f reading. When I was small, he read me 200 ancient pems. Prbably 54 this, the spirit f traditinal Chinese culture is deeply rted in me.
My grandfather lives every day t its fullest. He always inadvertently （不经意地） 55 many peple. I believe his spirit will be passed dwn frever.
41．A．elderB．lderC．elderlyD．ldest
42．A．WhenB．AsC．InD．On
43．A．cntradictB．distinguishC．assumeD．ensure
44．A．cnventinalB．prmisingC．integratedD．luxurius
45．A．entranceB．admissinC．enterD．admit
46．A．strengthB．pwerC．frceD．energy
47．A．enquiredB．ceasedC．preferredD．determined
48．A．fulfillB．fillC．expandD．bst
49．A．went thrughB．made itC．pulled thrughD．paid ff
50．A．WithB．BesidesC．ExceptD．Despite
51．A．disabledB．enabledC．distractedD．evaluated
52．A．cmmittedB．earnC．sacrificeD．we
53．A．habitatB．habitC．diaryD．dairy
54．A．thanks frB．n behalf fC．as a resultD．n accunt f
55．A．encuntersB．acknwledgesC．intervenesD．influences
第四部分 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear pwer plant in Japan was 56 （severe） damaged by a tsunami in 2011, leading t a majr nuclear disaster. Since then, water has been cntinuusly used 57 （cl） the damaged reactrs（反应堆） and prevent further damage.
Tky Electric Pwer Cmpany （TEPCO）, the 58 （perate） f the plant, said that the strage tanks tk up t much space due t the wastewater. S Japan initially said that it 59 （begin） releasing the water int the cean in the spring f 2023.
On March 17, part f the equipment 60 was related t the discharge f nuclear-cntaminated water frm the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear pwer plant started peratin fr 61 first time, accrding t Japanese media TV Asahi.
Accrding t The Guardian, the Japanese gvernment argued that the water 62 （treat）t remve mst f the radiactive istpes （同位素）, s the water wuld be safe t be released int the cean.
Hwever, nt everyne agrees with this decisin. Envirnmental grups and lcal fishermen have expressed cncern abut the impact f the wastewater 63 marine life and the fishing industry, the BBC reprted.
The Chinese Freign Ministry n March14 nce again denunced（谴责） Japan’s unilateral（单边的） decisin t dump nuclear-cntaminated wastewater int the sea, 64 （cnsider） the mve an attempt t shift the risk f nuclear pllutin t all f mankind.
The ministry als warned the cuntry nt t start the plan 65 full cnsultatin（磋商） with its neighbrs and relevant internatinal institutins.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
五月十九日是中国旅游日。你校正在举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿，号召同学们文明出游。内容包括：
1．如何文明出游；
2．发出倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Be a gd turist
May 19th is named by the State Cuncil as Natinal Turism Day.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jhnny and his tw yunger sisters were very pr. They lived in a very ld blck f flats in the crwded part f the city. They had n father. Their mther went t wrk frm mrning till late evening, as a cleaning lady in many rich huses. Therefre, Jhnny had t stay at hme and lk after his sisters.
Smetimes n a sunny day, he wuld take them t the nearby park. He had t be very careful when they crssed rads. Nt having any pcket mney, they culd nt buy chips r drinks. They had t be satisfied with sandwiches as a treat that Jhnny made.
One day, after they had finished their sandwiches, Jhnny’s yungest sister Mary lked at ther well-dressed children nearby, wh seemed t be n a picnic with their parents, eating all kinds f chips, cakes and many ther gdies. Mary’s muth was watering, and very much mre, when their parents brught each f the five children huge ice-cream cnes frm the ice cream trundle cart（移动贩卖车） nearby. “I wish we had sme mney t buy cnes,” she said eagerly. Jhnny lked at her with sadness in his eyes. “Yu knw we dn’t have mney fr these expensive things,” he said. “Mm wrks hard fr what we have.”
There was silence after that. As the children sat with sad faces, the ice cream man went past them with his trundle cart. They were sitting n a bench n a little grassy hill, which slped （倾斜）gently dwn the path. The trundle cart had a hard time nt running away dwnhill, as the ice cream man held n tightly t the handles, trying t break the speed. It s happened that suddenly a little by f tw ran in frnt f the cart fllwing a flying balln.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
He did nt see the cart cming dwnhill, but Jhnny did.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing the screams f the child, the anxius parents came running ver.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
安庆一中高二年级第一次阶段性检测英语试卷
参考答案及解析
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
1-20 BCCBC ABCBA CACAB CACAB
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
【答案】21．B 22．B 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了可以让父母和孩子一起看的书。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“With its fcus n playing safe and having fun, Ftball With Dad is the perfect way t intrduce yur little reader t the game f ftball.（《足球与爸爸》是向你的小读者介绍足球运动的完美方式）”可知，这本书主要是关于如何踢足球的。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“This stry uses clever thinking t shw children hw t d with their fear during the night. And it des have helped lts f children vercme their fear f the dark.（这个故事用聪明的思维向孩子们展示了如何在晚上克服恐惧。它确实帮助许多孩子克服了对黑暗的恐惧）”可知，There’s an Alligatr Under My Bed是关于克服恐惧，关于勇气的。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But smetimes, the ice cream car drives dwn a different street. Can they wrk tgether t cntrl their car right t their huse? This fun, easy-t-read stry als shws us prblem-slving and hands-n activities that yur children will lve!（但有时，冰淇淋车会开在不同的街道上。他们能一起控制他们的车一直开到他们家吗？这个有趣、易读的故事还向我们展示了解决问题和动手活动，您的孩子会喜欢的！）”可知，Jerrn、A.J.和Cha一起动手解决问题，由此可推知三人是聪明的。故选D。
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．D 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新研究发现，气候变化对地球季节的直接影响，特别是对夏季温度和持续时间的影响，这项研究进一步证明了气候变化对人类、植物和动物有多么残酷，提醒我们环境共享的重要性和联系。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists fund a cnnectin between climate change and the temperature and duratin f the summer seasn. Summers in the Nrthern hemisphere （北半球） culd last nearly six mnths by the year 2100 if glbal warming cntinues, accrding t the study. （科学家们发现气候变化与夏季的温度和持续时间之间存在联系。根据这项研究，如果全球变暖持续下去，到2100年，北半球的夏季可能会持续近六个月）”可知，科学家们发现，气候变化与夏季的温度和持续时间之间有关联，会让北半球的夏季时间变长，即气候变化影响了夏季的天数。故选D项。
25．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Over the nearly 60-year perid, they discvered that, n average, summers grew frm 78 t 95 days, while winters shrtened frm 76 t 73 days. （在近60年的时间里，他们发现，夏季平均从78天增加到95天，而冬季从76天缩短到73天）”可知现在夏季在变长，冬季在变短，再结合“They fund that if left untuched, summers in the Nrthern hemisphere culd last nearly six mnths, while winters culd cntract t less than tw mnths. （他们发现，如果不受影响，北半球的夏天可能会持续近六个月，而冬天可能会cntract到不到两个月）”可知，while表示前后两者的对比，再结合画线词前的“nearly six mnths”和画线词后的“less than tw mnths”可知，此处是指冬季缩短，故划线词与B选项“shrten （缩短）”为同义词。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Lnger and htter summers, fr example, can cause msquites and ther disease-carrying insects t ptentially expand their scpe and land in places where they’re usually nt fund.（例如，更长、更热的夏天可能会导致蚊子和其他携带疾病的昆虫扩大其范围，并降落在通常找不到它们的地方）”可知，随着夏季时间的延长，蚊子可能会扩大它们的活动范围，在更多的地方存活下来。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现气候变化会影响夏季的温度和持续时间，夏季会越来越长，其也会给人类的各个方面带来不同的影响，A选项“Is summer taking ver frm all ther seasns?（夏天正在取代其他季节吗？）”用问句的方式引发
读者思考，并紧扣文章主题，为最佳标题。故选A项。
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．D 31．A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首例异种移植手术成功，大卫·贝内特成为第一个从猪身上成功移植心脏的人。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Fr decades, researchers have attempted t deal with xentransplantatin’s basic prblem. This is that the human bdy, when it recgnizes freign tissue, tends t turn against it.”（几十年来，研究人员一直试图解决异种移植的基本问题。这就是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织。）可知，异种移植的基本问题是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织，由此可知，异种移植的基本障碍是人体抵抗（排斥）外来组织。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“A furth, a grwth gene, had als been kncked ut, t ensure the heart did nt enlarge after transplantatin.”（第四个是生长基因，也被移除，以确保移植后心脏不会扩大。）可知，移除生长基因是为了确保移植后心脏不会扩大。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“The pig in questin was raised where there was n virus t reduce the chance f that, but it remains a pssibility.”（讨论中的那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的，以减少感染的机会，但仍然有可能感染病毒。）可知，为了减少感染的机会，那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的。故选D项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Mrever, even these barriers can be vercme, mst researchers still acknwledge that increasing xentransplantatin t meet the wrld’s demand fr rgans may take decades. After this news, hwever, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.”（此外，即使这些障碍可以克服，大多数研究人员仍然承认，增加异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求可能需要几十年。然而，这一消息之后，最终发生的可能性增加了。）可知，作者认为，这次异种移植手术的成功，表明未来异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求的可能性增加了，由此可知，作者对异种移植的未来持乐观态度。故选A项。
【答案】32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日公共图书馆咨询台在回答访客问题方面服务优良，限于图书馆参考资源有限，他们和美国大巴吞鲁日志愿者组织合作，这为有需要的人带来了更多的帮助。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“The best recipe, the histry f zydec, the number f times the LSU Tigers ftball team has been t the Cttn Bwl. Even in this age f Ggle and Siri, there’s n shrtage f questins.（最好的食谱，zydec的历史，LSU老虎橄榄球队参加棉花碗比赛的次数。即使在这个谷歌和Siri的时代，也不乏问题。）”可知，第一段是为了介绍路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日公共图书馆咨询台在回答访客问题方面的良好服务。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Sme visitrs seemed t need much mre than what the library’s reference surces culd give them.（一些游客似乎需要的远远超过图书馆的参考资料所能提供的。）”可知，洪水期间图书馆面临的问题是它无法提供人们需要的所有信息。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“At VOAGBR, they’re all abut addressing the very cncerns peple were asking abut — assistance with affrdable husing, a drp-in center fr the hmeless, therapists wh wrk with families in crisis, prgrams fr senirs. They were cmmitted t helping thse wh were called “the least f these”.（在VOAGBR，他们都在关注人们所关心的问题——经济适用房援助、无家可归者收容中心、帮助危机家庭的治疗师、老年人项目。他们致力于帮助那些被称为“最弱小者”的人。）”可知，VOAGBR向穷人提供援助。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据倒第二段第二句“In its first six mnths at the library branches, VOAGBR helped 248 peple it might nt have therwise reached.（在图书馆分馆的头六个月里，VOAGBR帮助了248名原本可能无法接触到的人。）”可知，试点项目帮助了人们很多。故选B。
【答案】36．E 37．G 38．B 39．C 40．A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
【36题详解】
根据上文“In 2022, ver 700 tp academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence cmpanies were asked in a survey abut future AI risk. Half f thse surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent r greater chance f human extinctin frm future AI systems.（2022年，一项关于未来人工智能风险的调查询问了700多名顶尖学者和领先人工智能公司背后的研究人员。一半的受访者表示，未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝）”结合第一段提到让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机，以及下文陈述人工智能将让人类面临危机可知，技术（人工智能）让所有人类都登上了这家可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项“Technlgy cmpanies are caught in a race t put all f humanity n that plane.（科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上这架飞机的竞赛）”符合语境。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据下文“It is even harder t grasp the speed at which these tls are develping even mre advanced and pwerful capabilities.（要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大功能的速度就更难了）”中的even harder推知，空处陈述了一种人类难以掌握的工具。G项“It’s difficult fr human minds t grasp the capabilities f GPT-4 and similar tls.（人类很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能）”符合题意，difficult呼应下文harder，下文thesd tls指代选项中的GPT-4 and similar tls。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Frm language emerges myth and law, gds and mney, art and science, friendships and natins—even cmputer cde. （从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家，甚至计算机代码）”可知，语言对人类来说尤为重要。再结合“AI’s new mastery f language means it can nw hack and manipulate the perating system f civilizatin.（人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统）”推知，语言之所以重要是因为它是人类的操作系统。B项“Language is the perating system f human culture.（语言是人类文化的操作系统）”符合题意。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据上文“AI’s new mastery f language means it can nw hack and manipulate the perating system f civilizatin.（人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统）”和下文“What happens when the same thing ccurs in art, plitics, and even religin?（当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么？）”推知，空处提到了一种人工智能操纵或者打败人类的情况，而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时可能会产生难以预料的后果。C项“In games like chess, n human can hpe t beat a cmputer.（在像国际象棋这样的游戏中，没有人能指望打败电脑）”符合语境，下文的“the same thing”指代选项内容。故选C。
【40题详解】
空处位于段首，应总起下文。根据下文“We are surrunded by culture, experiencing reality thrugh a cultural prism （棱镜）. Our views are shaped by the reprts f jurnalists and the accunts f friends. What will it be like t experience reality thrugh a prism prduced by nn-human intelligence?（我们被文化包围，通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子？）”可知，我们的观点通常都是根据记者的报道和朋友的描述形成的，由此推知，人类很少直接接触现实。A项“Humans ften dn’t have direct access t reality.（人类通常无法直接接触现实）”符合题意，总起下文，reality是关键词。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
【答案】
41．C 42．D 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．D 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．D
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者的爷爷为事业和家庭付出了很多，他每一天都过得很充实，他的精神影响了很多的人。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我爷爷过着正常的生活，现在和大多数老年人一样享受着退休生活。A．elder年龄较大的；B．lder更老的；C．elderly上了年龄的；D．ldest最老的。根据上文“nw enjys his retired life”可知，作者的爷爷是退休人员，所以属于上了年龄的老年人。故选C。
42．考查介词词义辨析。句意：高中一毕业，他成为了一名教师，教了三门课。A．When当…时候；B．As当...时候；C．In在…内；D．On一…就。根据下文“his graduatin”可知，空格后面是名词，空格处要用介词，表示时间，意为“一…就”。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖父尽他所能确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。A．cntradict相矛盾；B．distinguish区分；C．assume假如；D．ensure确保。根据上文“My grandfather did everything he culd”可知，作者的祖父尽他所能应该是要确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。故选D。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第3题详解。A．cnventinal传统的；B．prmising有前途的；C．integrated合成的；D．luxurius奢侈的。根据上文“My grandfather did everything he culd”可知，作者的祖父尽他所能应该是要确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。故选B。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全国大学入学考试于1977年恢复。A．entrance入口；B．admissin承认；C．enter进入；D．admit承认。根据下文“exam resumed （重启） in 1977”可知，这里指1977年中国恢复的高考。故选A。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参加考试需要花费大量的时间和精力，但在征求了其他人的意见后，他决定参加当年的考试。A．strength力气；B．pwer能量；C．frce迫使；D．energy精力。根据下文“t take the exam”可知，参加高考需要花费大量的时间和精力。故选D。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A．enquired要求；B．ceased停止；C．preferred更喜欢；D．determined决心。根据下文“After graduating frm university”可知，虽然有可能，但是作者的爷爷仍然决定要参加高考。故选D。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想实现他对高等教育和孩子们更好生活的渴望。A．fulfill完成；B．fill填充；C．expand扩张；D．bst促进。根据下文“his desire fr higher educatin and fr a better life fr his children.”可知，作者的爷爷决定要参加高考是想要完成他的愿望。故选A。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他成功了。A．went thrugh经历；B．made it成功；C．pulled thrugh通过；D．paid ff有回报。根据下文“graduating frm university”可知，作者的爷爷成功考上了大学。故选B。
50．考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管我爷爷取得了成功，但他在市场管理方面工作很努力。A．with 带有，具有；B．besides 除……之外（还有）；C．except 除……之外；D．Despite尽管。根据下文“his success”可知，空格后面是名词，所以空格处要用介词，表示转折的关系，意为“尽管”。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些努力使他的市场在几十年里运行良好。A．disabled残疾；B．enabled使能够；C．distracted使分心；D．evaluated评估。根据下文“his market t run well fr decades”可知，这里指作者的爷爷付出的努力使他的市场在几十年里运行良好。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爷爷也为他的家庭付出了很多。A．cmmitted投入，花（时间/钱）；B．earn 赚得，挣得；C．sacrifice 牺牲；D．we 欠债，欠人情，归功于，归因于。根据下文可知，这里指爷爷也为他的家庭付出了很多。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他教孩子们成为一个有深度的思考者，养成读书的习惯。A．habitat栖息地；B．habit习惯；C．diary日记；D．dairy奶制品。根据下文“When I was small, he read me 200 ancient pems. Prbably ______ this, the spirit f traditinal Chinese culture is deeply rted in me.”可知，爷爷是要培养作者养成读书的习惯。故选B。
54．考查固定短语辨析。句意：也许正因为如此，中国传统文化的精神深深植根于我心中。A．thanks fr感谢；B．n behalf f代表；C．as a result因此；D．n accunt f因为。根据下文“the spirit f traditinal Chinese culture is deeply rted in me”可知，作者认为，因为他爷爷给他读了200首古诗，所以中国传统文化的精神才深深植根于他心中。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他总是在不经意间影响许多人。A．encunters偶遇；B．acknwledges承认；C．intervenes介入；D．influences影响。根据下文“I believe his spirit will be passed dwn frever.”可知，爷爷是事迹影响了很多人。故选D。
第四部分短文填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
【答案】56．severely 57．t cl 58．peratr 59．wuld begin 60．which##that
61．the 62．had been treated 63．n 64．cnsidering 65．befre
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水，但遭到环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：2011年，日本福岛第一核电站在海啸中遭到严重破坏，引发了一场重大核灾难。提示词修饰动词damaged，用副词severely作状语，意为“非常严重地”。故填severely。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，水一直被用来冷却受损的反应堆，防止进一步损坏。be used t d...是固定搭配，意为“被用来……”。故填t cl。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：该核电站的运营商东京电力公司（TEPCO）表示，由于废水，储存罐占用了太多空间。根据空格前冠词the可知，空格处用名词，结合句意和提示词，表示“运营商”，用名词peratr，作同位语。故填peratr。
【59题详解】
考查时态。句意：因此，日本最初表示将在2023年春季开始向海洋排放这些水。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，结合主句时态和句意，在过去说将要去做的事情，用过去将来时态wuld begin。故填wuld begin。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the equipment，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。故填which或that。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。fr the first time是固定短语，意为“首次；第一次”，作时间状语。故填the。
【62题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：据《卫报》报道，日本政府辩称，这些水已经经过处理，去除了大部分放射性同位素，因此可以安全排放到海洋中。提示词treat（处理）是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语the water之间是被动关系，结合句意，“水经过处理”发生在现在说可以安全排放之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故填had been treated。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：据英国广播公司报道，环保组织和当地渔民对废水对海洋生物和渔业的影响表示担忧。impact n...是固定搭配，意为“对……影响”。故填n。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：3月14日，中国外交部再次谴责日本单方面决定将受核污染的废水倾倒入海，认为此举企图将核污染风险转嫁给全人类。“（cnsider） the mve an attempt t shift the risk f nuclear pllutin t all f mankind.”在句中作伴随状语，cnsider（认为）是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The Chinese Freign Ministry之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动和伴随。故填cnsidering。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：外交部还警告说，在与邻国和相关国际机构充分协商之前，不要启动该计划。根据句意，表示“在……之前”，用介词befre构成介词短语，作时间状语。故填befre。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
【答案】One pssible versin:
Be a gd turist
May 19th is named by the State Cuncil as Natinal Turism Day. As a matter f fact, sme turists pay little attentin t their behavir when enjying themselves. S I appeal t all f us t be gd turists.
One key phrase I wuld like t draw yur attentin t is “traceless travel”, which means yu tur a place withut psing any threat t the envirnment. Gd turists leave n traces-n litter, n graffiti and n irritated lcals, thus prmting a better turism culture.
It’s every turist’s respnsibility t speak and act in ways that represent ur cuntry’s image and civilizatin.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的稿件。要求考生写一篇英语短文号召同学们文明出游，参加学校举办的英语征文比赛。
【详解】1．词汇积累
事实上：as a matter f fact→ in fact/actually
呼吁：appeal t → call n
促进：prmte → imprve
职责：respnsibility→ duty
2．句式拓展
同义句
原句：As a matter f fact, sme turists pay little attentin t their behavir when enjying themselves.
拓展句：As a matter f fact, sme turists pay little attentin t their behavir when they are enjying themselves.
【点睛】【高分句型1】One key phrase I wuld like t draw yur attentin t is “traceless travel”, which means yu tur a place withut psing any threat t the envirnment.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s every turist’s respnsibility t speak and act in ways that represent ur cuntry’s image and civilizatin.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
【答案】He did nt see the cart cming dwnhill, but Jhnny did. In a flash, Jhnny ran in frnt f the speeding cart, and pushed the little by ver t the side f the grassy hill. The little by was safe. But he was scared, and unaware f what had happened, except that this big by pushed him t safety. Big tears rlled dwn his cheeks as he slwly sat up, and he began t cry ludly mre thrugh fear than being hurt. The trundle cart passed by, and finally, the ice cream man stpped it at the bttm f the hill.
Hearing the screams f the child, the anxius parents came running ver. The mther hugged her sn clse, and cmfrted him with “It’s OK, Bb? Yu are all safe with Mummy.” The sbs stpped. While sme ther peple gathered arund, the ice cream man pushed his way in gently. He said, “I’m srry, ma’am. I did nt ntice yur sn. But if it wasn’t fr this big by here, he might have been badly hurt.” “Brave big by, thank yu s much,” the father said t Jhnny. The crwd burst int applause fr the brave by.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Jhnny和他的两个妹妹生活贫困，在城市拥挤的老旧公寓里生活。没有父亲，母亲整天在富人家打扫卫生，Jhnny只能照顾妹妹。一天，他们去公园野餐，但看到其他孩子吃冰淇淋时感到羡慕。Jhnny告诉妹妹，他们没有钱买这些昂贵的东西。卖冰淇淋的人正拉着手推车往下走去，突然，一个追的气球小男孩冲了过来。
【详解】1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他没有看见移动贩卖车正往下行，但是约翰尼看见了。”可知，第一段可描写Jhnny冲上前去，及时救了小男孩。
②由第二段首句内容“听到孩子的尖叫声，焦急的父母跑了过来。”可知，第二段可描写Jhnny得到孩子父母的感谢和其他人的称赞。
2．续写线索：勇敢冲了过去——成功救下小男孩——得到孩子父母的感谢——获得其他人的称赞
3．词汇激活
行为类
①开始：begin/start
②使停止：stp/halt
③拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类
①惊恐的：scared/frightened
②担心的：anxius/wrried
【点睛】[高分句型1] But he was scared, and unaware f what had happened, except that this big by pushed him t safety.（运用了连接代词what引导宾语从句和连词that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] While sme ther peple gathered arund, the ice cream man pushed his way in gently.（运用了从属连词while引导时间状语从句）
[高分句型3] But if it wasn’t fr this big by here, he might have been badly hurt.（运用了从属连词if引导条件状语从句）
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
1．Why des the wman intend t g t Rme?
A．T wrk.B．T study.C．T travel.
2．What des the wman think f the trip?
A．Wrthless.B．Terrible.C．Great.
3．In which city did the wman and Jhn stay the lngest?
A．Vienna.B．Rme.C．Paris.
4．What is “cuscus”?
A．A new htel.B．A kind f fd.C．A clse relative.
5．Where des the cnversatin mst prbably take place?
A．In a park.B．In a z.C．In a pet stre.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面一段对话，回答6-7小题。
6．Where are the speakers?
A．In a restaurant.B．In a bkstre.C．In a supermarket.
7．What des the man have t d nw?
A．Sign his name.B．Wait fr his turn.C．Call his friend.
听下面一段对话，回答8-10小题。
8．What did the man d yesterday?
A．He started a new jb.B．He did sme shpping nline.
C．He registered fr a class.
9．What des the man want t buy?
A．Psters.B．Brushes.C．Paintings.
10．What will the wman d next?
A．Email the man.B．Ask abut a sale.C．G t a stre.
听下面一段对话，回答11-13小题。
11．Why des the girl rder the flwers?
A．She likes flwers.
B．Mther’s Day is cming.
C．She wants t make a surprise.
12．What kind f flwers des the girl finally rder?
A．Lilies.B．Rses.C．Sunflwers.
13．When will the flwers be delivered?
A．On May 5th.B．On May 7th.C．On May 9th.
听下面一段对话，回答14-17小题。
14．Wh is the man?
A．A hst.B．A farmer.C．A businessman.
15．Why did the wman start the Fd Exchange?
A．T save mney.B．T avid wasting fd.C．T bring peple tgether.
16．Where is the Fd Exchange?
A．In a supermarket.B．In a backyard.C．By the radside.
17．What des the wman bring t the Fd Exchange?
A．Jam.B．Dried fruit.C．Fresh vegetables.
听下面一段独白，回答18-20小题。
18．Why did Mr. Day lk at the blanket fr a lng time but g away?
A．He didn’t like its clr.
B．The blanket was t big fr him t take hme.
C．He wanted t get the blanket but culd nt decide n it.
19．What was the result?
A．Mr. Day didn’t get the blanket.
B．The seller sld the blanket at a lwer price.
C．The seller sent the blanket t Mr. Day’s hme.
20．What can we learn frm the stry?
A．The seller was clever, but Mr. Day was flish.
B．The seller wasn’t hnest and Mr. Day was humrus.
C．The seller didn’t want t sell the blanket t Mr. Day.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共 15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Here are fur bks fr yu and yur children. Pick anyne yu like!
Ftball with Dad by Frank Berris
After watching the big game n TV every Sunday, a by and his dad head utside t thrw arund a ftball like their favrite players. With its fcus n playing safe and having fun. Ftball With Dad is the perfect way t intrduce yur little reader t the game f ftball.
There’s an Alligatr Under My Bed by Mercer
Mayer Fear f the dark ften brings peple anther fear, like having a mnster（怪物） under yur bed. This stry uses clever thinking t shw children hw t d with their fear during the night. And it des have helped lts f children vercme their fear f the dark.
Rm n the Brm by Julia Dnaldsn
The stry has a great message f friendship. A witch（女巫） is happily flying arund n her brm when the wind blws away her hat, then her bw, and then her wand. Luckily, a helpful animal finds her missing belngings each time.
7 Days till Ice Cream by Bernard Felician
Jerrn, A. J., and Cha are s excited abut ice cream day! But smetimes, the ice cream car drives dwn a different street. Can they wrk tgether t cntrl their car right t their huse? This fun, easy-t-read stry als shws us prblem-slving and hands-n activities that yur children will lve!
21．What is the bk Ftball With Dad abut?
A．Hw t enjy an exciting ftball game.B．Hw t play ftball.
C．Hw t be a father.D．Hw t get kids t be athletic.
22．Which bk is abut curage?
A．Ftball with Dad.B．There’s an Alligatr Under My Bed.
C．Rm n the Brm.D．7 Days till Ice Cream.
23．Which f the fllwing can be used t describe Jerrn, A. J., and Cha?
A．Bring.B．Respnsible.C．Sensitive.D．Intelligent.
B
Last mnth, a study was published that examined climate change’s direct effects n the Earth’s seasns. Scientists fund a cnnectin between climate change and the temperature and duratin f the summer seasn. Summers in the Nrthern hemisphere（北半球） culd last nearly six mnths by the year 2100 if glbal warming cntinues, accrding t the study. With the seasns ff-balance, there will be harmful effects n human health and agriculture.
Yuping Guan, a physical ceangrapher at the State Key Labratry f Trpical Oceangraphy at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, and his clleagues cmbined daily climate data frm 1952 t 2011 t get a sense f the start and end f each seasn in the Nrthern hemisphere. Over the nearly 60-year perid, they discvered that, n average, summers grew frm 78 t 95 days, while winters shrtened frm 76 t 73 days. The spring and autumn seasns als shrtened. Guan and his team used the findings frm the data t create a mdel t hypthesize（假设） abut hw the seasns wuld pssibly change in the future. They fund that if left untuched, summers in the Nrthern hemisphere culd last nearly six mnths, while winters culd cntract t less than tw mnths.
If the Earth’s seasns cntinue t shift, it will bring negative effects t human health and agriculture. Lnger and htter summers, fr example, can cause msquites and ther disease-carrying insects t ptentially expand their scpe and land in places where they’re usually nt fund. “Because seasns influence the life cycles f plants and animals, climate change culd disturb species’ ability t adapt,” said Sctt Sheridan, a climate scientist “If seasns cntinue t change, everything isn’t ging t change perfectly as they shuld. If we take the example f flwers cming ut f the grund, thse flwers culd cme ut, but bees aren’t there t pllinate （授粉） them yet r they’re already past their peak.” With negative effects like these, human health and agriculture will face hardship while mving frward.
This study further prves hw cruel climate change is t humans, plants and animals, reminding us hw much we are all cnnected with the envirnment we share.
24．What did scientists find accrding t the study?
A．Sme seasns will disappear in their tracks.
B．Glbal warming will be at its wrst in 2100.
C．Human heath remains unharmed by climate change.
D．Climate change affects the days f summers.
25．What des the underlined wrd “cntract” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．Add.B．Shrten.C．Keep.D．Extend.
26．What can we infer abut the effects f lnger and htter summers?
A．Sme species are mre able t adapt t the change.
B．The envirnment will change as we wish.
C．Human health and agriculture are hardly affected.
D．Msquites can survive in mre places.
27．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Is summer taking the place f all ther seasns?B．Is climate change bringing hardship?
C．Is mankind t blame fr lnger summers?D．Is the Earth getting warmer?
C
On January 7th, 2022, David Bennett became the first persn t have a heart transplanted successfully int him frm a pig. On that ccasin, me re peratin success was the gal. This peratin is a milestne fr xentransplantatin（异种移植）— the transfer f rgans frm ther species t human patients.
Fr decades, researchers have attempted t deal with xentransplantatin’s basic prblem. This is that the human bdy, when it recgnizes freign tissue, tends t turn against it. In the case f pigs, the mst imprtant marker f freignness is a sugar mlecule （分子） called alpha-Gal. While this mlecule des nt exist in humans, antibdies t kill it d. S n transplant frm a pig with alpha-Gal wuld last mre than a cuple f minutes in a human bdy. In 2003 pigs were prduced with a changed genme s as t prevent the enzyme （酶） respnsible fr making alpha-Gal. This was a step in the right directin, but ther barriers ppped up.
The pig fr David’s peratin had a genme changed in ten ways t increase the chances f success. Three genes had been remved t reduce the risk f a human antibdy rejecting the rgan. A furth’ a grwth gene, had als been kncked ut, t ensure the heart did nt enlarge after transplantatin. And six human genes had been added t prmte acceptance.
There are ther cncerns. One is any unknwn rejectin mechanism. Anther is the pssibility that the rgan may pass viruses t its new hst. The pig in questin was raised where there was n virus t reduce the chance f that, but it remains a pssibility.
In thery, pigs can be raised t prvide humans with any slid rgan, but sme will be mre cmplex than thers. Mrever, even if these barriers can be vercme, mst researchers still acknwledge that increasing xentransplantatin t meet the wrld’s demand fr rgans may take decades. After this news, hwever, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.
28．What is the basic prblem f xentransplantatin?
A．The human bdy lacks alpha-Gal.
B．The human bdy resists freign tissues.
C．The life f the transplanted rgan is t shrt.
D．The enzyme is prevented frm making alpha-Gal.
29．Why was a grwth gene remved in David’s case?
A．Because it wuld change David’s genme.
B．Because it wuld lead t heart enlargement.
C．Because it wuld make the heart mre acceptable.
D．Because it wuld be recgnized by David’s antibdies.
30．What can we learn abut the pig?
A．It saved the patient’s life perfectly.B．It had a decreased number f genes.
C．It had an unknwn rejectin mechanism.D．It was raised in a virus-free envirnment.
31．What is the authr’s attitude twards the future f xentransplantatin?
A．Optimistic.B．Indifferent.C．Disturbed.D．Uncertain.
D
The reference desk staff at Bat n Ruge, Luisiana’s public libraries are prud f themselves fr answering their custmers’ questins. The best recipe, the histry f zydec, the number f times the LSU Tigers ftball team has been t the Cttn Bwl. Even in this age f Ggle and Siri, there’s n shrtage f questins.
“We’re in the infrmatin business,” says Patricia Husband, assistant branch library directr.
Then came the flding f 2016. Suddenly the questins became mre urgent（紧急的）. Peple wanted t knw hw t cntact Federal Emergency Management Agency fr assistance, where t get help paying bills, even where t find a hmeless shelter. Sme visitrs seemed t need much mre than what the library’s reference surces culd give them. They needed smene wh culd spend mre time with them, advise them n whm t call fr assistance and what dcuments and infrmatin they’d need.
The library turned t Vlunteers f America Greater Bat n Ruge （VOAGBR）, a nnprfit it had wrked with in the past. At VOAGBR, they’re all abut addressing the very cncerns peple were asking abut — assistance with affrdable husing, a drp-in center fr the hmeless, therapists wh wrk with families in crisis, prgrams fr senirs. They were cmmitted t helping thse wh were called “the least f these”. A 90-day pilt prgram （试点项目） was launched in the spring f 2017. Three evenings a week, VOAGBR wuld send casewrkers t three library branches.
The pilt prgram was extended fr an entire year. In its first six mnths at the library branches, VOAGBR helped 248 peple it might nt have therwise reached. There were als prgrams like Ask a Lawyer, where a lawyer gives free legal advice nce a mnth.
There are a lt f bks in Batn Ruge’s libraries — full f infrmatin, guidance, wisdm and entertainment— but the help that VOAGBR ffers there is right ut f peple’s heart.
32．What is the aim f paragraph 1?
A．T indicate staff’s wrk is hard.B．T prve the library is peple’s pride.
C．T shw the gd service f the library.D．T intrduce the great number f bks.
33．What was a prblem facing the library during the fld?
A．Its reference surces lessened.
B．The bks in it were destryed.
C．T many peple rushed in fr shelter.
D．It culdn’t prvide all infrmatin peple needed.
34．What can we knw abut VOAGBR?
A．It ffered aid t the needy.B．It was set up in 2017.
C．It was a library branch.D．It was a 90-day pilt prgram.
35．What can be inferred abut the pilt prgram?
A．It changed int an academic ne.B．It benefited peple a lt.
C．It advertised VOAGBR in the wrld.D．It helped the sufferers with its prfits.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine that as yu are barding an airplane’ half the engineers wh built the plane tell yu there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing yu and everyne else n bard. Wuld yu still bard?
In 2022, ver 700 tp academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence cmpanies were asked in a survey abut future AI risk. Half f thse surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent r greater chance f human extinctin frm future AI systems. 36
The fear f AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prspect, smething that belngs in sci-fi mre than in serius scientific and plitical debates. 37 It is even harder t grasp the speed at which these tls are develping even mre advanced and pwerful capabilities. But mst f the key skills bil dwn t ne thing: the ability t manipulate（操纵） and generate language, whether with wrds, sunds r images.
In the beginning was the wrd. 38 Frm language emerges myth and law, gds and mney, art and science, friendships and natins—even cmputer cde. AI’s new master y f language means it can nw ha ck and manipulate the perating system f civilizatin. What wuld it mean fr humans t live in a wrld where a large percentage f stries, meldies, images, laws, plicies and tls are shaped by nn-human intelligence? 39 What happens when the same thing ccurs in art, plitics, and even religin?
40 We are surrunded by culture, experiencing reality thrugh a cultural prism（棱镜）. Our views are shaped by the reprts f jurnalists and the accunts f friends. What will it be like t experience reality thrugh a prism prduced by nn-human intelligence? The time t reckn with AI is befre ur plitics, ur ecnmy and ur daily life becme dependent n it.
A．Humans ften dn’t have direct access t reality.
B．Language is the perating system f human culture.
C．In games like chess, n human can hpe t beat a cmputer.
D．By gaining mastery f language, AI is seizing the master key t civilizatin.
E．Technlgy cmpanies are caught in a race t put all f humanity n that plane.
F．Fr thusands f years we humans have lived inside the dreams f ther humans.
G．It’s difficult fr human minds t grasp the capabilities f GPT-4 and similar tls.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
My grandfather lives a nrmal life and nw enjys his retired life as mst 41 peple. But t me, he is special in many ways.
42 his graduatin frm senir high schl, he became a teacher and taught three subjects. My grandfather did everything he culd t 43 his students wuld have a 44 future.
The natinal cllege 45 exam resumed（重启） in 1977. At that time, my grandfather already had three children. It wuld mean lts f time and 46 t take the exam, but after seeking advice frm thers, he 47 t take the exam that year. He wanted t 48 his desire fr higher educatin and fr a better life fr his children. He 49 .
After graduating frm university, my grandfather returned t his hmetwn and pened an agricultural machinery market, which thrived and became knwn as the best f its kind in twn. Almst all the peple in the cunty knew his name. 50 his success, my grandfather wrked hard n the market’s management. He stayed up late t figure ut what custmers truly wanted. All these effrts 51 his market t run well fr decades.
My grandfather has als 52 a lt t his family. He remembers many stries f his children, and he made swings fr me by himself. He taught his children t becme a deep thinker and frm a 53 f reading. When I was small, he read me 200 ancient pems. Prbably 54 this, the spirit f traditinal Chinese culture is deeply rted in me.
My grandfather lives every day t its fullest. He always inadvertently （不经意地） 55 many peple. I believe his spirit will be passed dwn frever.
41．A．elderB．lderC．elderlyD．ldest
42．A．WhenB．AsC．InD．On
43．A．cntradictB．distinguishC．assumeD．ensure
44．A．cnventinalB．prmisingC．integratedD．luxurius
45．A．entranceB．admissinC．enterD．admit
46．A．strengthB．pwerC．frceD．energy
47．A．enquiredB．ceasedC．preferredD．determined
48．A．fulfillB．fillC．expandD．bst
49．A．went thrughB．made itC．pulled thrughD．paid ff
50．A．WithB．BesidesC．ExceptD．Despite
51．A．disabledB．enabledC．distractedD．evaluated
52．A．cmmittedB．earnC．sacrificeD．we
53．A．habitatB．habitC．diaryD．dairy
54．A．thanks frB．n behalf fC．as a resultD．n accunt f
55．A．encuntersB．acknwledgesC．intervenesD．influences
第四部分 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear pwer plant in Japan was 56 （severe） damaged by a tsunami in 2011, leading t a majr nuclear disaster. Since then, water has been cntinuusly used 57 （cl） the damaged reactrs（反应堆） and prevent further damage.
Tky Electric Pwer Cmpany （TEPCO）, the 58 （perate） f the plant, said that the strage tanks tk up t much space due t the wastewater. S Japan initially said that it 59 （begin） releasing the water int the cean in the spring f 2023.
On March 17, part f the equipment 60 was related t the discharge f nuclear-cntaminated water frm the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear pwer plant started peratin fr 61 first time, accrding t Japanese media TV Asahi.
Accrding t The Guardian, the Japanese gvernment argued that the water 62 （treat）t remve mst f the radiactive istpes （同位素）, s the water wuld be safe t be released int the cean.
Hwever, nt everyne agrees with this decisin. Envirnmental grups and lcal fishermen have expressed cncern abut the impact f the wastewater 63 marine life and the fishing industry, the BBC reprted.
The Chinese Freign Ministry n March14 nce again denunced（谴责） Japan’s unilateral（单边的） decisin t dump nuclear-cntaminated wastewater int the sea, 64 （cnsider） the mve an attempt t shift the risk f nuclear pllutin t all f mankind.
The ministry als warned the cuntry nt t start the plan 65 full cnsultatin（磋商） with its neighbrs and relevant internatinal institutins.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
五月十九日是中国旅游日。你校正在举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿，号召同学们文明出游。内容包括：
1．如何文明出游；
2．发出倡议。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Be a gd turist
May 19th is named by the State Cuncil as Natinal Turism Day.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jhnny and his tw yunger sisters were very pr. They lived in a very ld blck f flats in the crwded part f the city. They had n father. Their mther went t wrk frm mrning till late evening, as a cleaning lady in many rich huses. Therefre, Jhnny had t stay at hme and lk after his sisters.
Smetimes n a sunny day, he wuld take them t the nearby park. He had t be very careful when they crssed rads. Nt having any pcket mney, they culd nt buy chips r drinks. They had t be satisfied with sandwiches as a treat that Jhnny made.
One day, after they had finished their sandwiches, Jhnny’s yungest sister Mary lked at ther well-dressed children nearby, wh seemed t be n a picnic with their parents, eating all kinds f chips, cakes and many ther gdies. Mary’s muth was watering, and very much mre, when their parents brught each f the five children huge ice-cream cnes frm the ice cream trundle cart（移动贩卖车） nearby. “I wish we had sme mney t buy cnes,” she said eagerly. Jhnny lked at her with sadness in his eyes. “Yu knw we dn’t have mney fr these expensive things,” he said. “Mm wrks hard fr what we have.”
There was silence after that. As the children sat with sad faces, the ice cream man went past them with his trundle cart. They were sitting n a bench n a little grassy hill, which slped （倾斜）gently dwn the path. The trundle cart had a hard time nt running away dwnhill, as the ice cream man held n tightly t the handles, trying t break the speed. It s happened that suddenly a little by f tw ran in frnt f the cart fllwing a flying balln.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
He did nt see the cart cming dwnhill, but Jhnny did.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hearing the screams f the child, the anxius parents came running ver.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
安庆一中高二年级第一次阶段性检测英语试卷
参考答案及解析
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
1-20 BCCBC ABCBA CACAB CACAB
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
【答案】21．B 22．B 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了可以让父母和孩子一起看的书。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“With its fcus n playing safe and having fun, Ftball With Dad is the perfect way t intrduce yur little reader t the game f ftball.（《足球与爸爸》是向你的小读者介绍足球运动的完美方式）”可知，这本书主要是关于如何踢足球的。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“This stry uses clever thinking t shw children hw t d with their fear during the night. And it des have helped lts f children vercme their fear f the dark.（这个故事用聪明的思维向孩子们展示了如何在晚上克服恐惧。它确实帮助许多孩子克服了对黑暗的恐惧）”可知，There’s an Alligatr Under My Bed是关于克服恐惧，关于勇气的。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But smetimes, the ice cream car drives dwn a different street. Can they wrk tgether t cntrl their car right t their huse? This fun, easy-t-read stry als shws us prblem-slving and hands-n activities that yur children will lve!（但有时，冰淇淋车会开在不同的街道上。他们能一起控制他们的车一直开到他们家吗？这个有趣、易读的故事还向我们展示了解决问题和动手活动，您的孩子会喜欢的！）”可知，Jerrn、A.J.和Cha一起动手解决问题，由此可推知三人是聪明的。故选D。
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．D 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新研究发现，气候变化对地球季节的直接影响，特别是对夏季温度和持续时间的影响，这项研究进一步证明了气候变化对人类、植物和动物有多么残酷，提醒我们环境共享的重要性和联系。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists fund a cnnectin between climate change and the temperature and duratin f the summer seasn. Summers in the Nrthern hemisphere （北半球） culd last nearly six mnths by the year 2100 if glbal warming cntinues, accrding t the study. （科学家们发现气候变化与夏季的温度和持续时间之间存在联系。根据这项研究，如果全球变暖持续下去，到2100年，北半球的夏季可能会持续近六个月）”可知，科学家们发现，气候变化与夏季的温度和持续时间之间有关联，会让北半球的夏季时间变长，即气候变化影响了夏季的天数。故选D项。
25．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Over the nearly 60-year perid, they discvered that, n average, summers grew frm 78 t 95 days, while winters shrtened frm 76 t 73 days. （在近60年的时间里，他们发现，夏季平均从78天增加到95天，而冬季从76天缩短到73天）”可知现在夏季在变长，冬季在变短，再结合“They fund that if left untuched, summers in the Nrthern hemisphere culd last nearly six mnths, while winters culd cntract t less than tw mnths. （他们发现，如果不受影响，北半球的夏天可能会持续近六个月，而冬天可能会cntract到不到两个月）”可知，while表示前后两者的对比，再结合画线词前的“nearly six mnths”和画线词后的“less than tw mnths”可知，此处是指冬季缩短，故划线词与B选项“shrten （缩短）”为同义词。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Lnger and htter summers, fr example, can cause msquites and ther disease-carrying insects t ptentially expand their scpe and land in places where they’re usually nt fund.（例如，更长、更热的夏天可能会导致蚊子和其他携带疾病的昆虫扩大其范围，并降落在通常找不到它们的地方）”可知，随着夏季时间的延长，蚊子可能会扩大它们的活动范围，在更多的地方存活下来。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现气候变化会影响夏季的温度和持续时间，夏季会越来越长，其也会给人类的各个方面带来不同的影响，A选项“Is summer taking ver frm all ther seasns?（夏天正在取代其他季节吗？）”用问句的方式引发
读者思考，并紧扣文章主题，为最佳标题。故选A项。
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．D 31．A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首例异种移植手术成功，大卫·贝内特成为第一个从猪身上成功移植心脏的人。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Fr decades, researchers have attempted t deal with xentransplantatin’s basic prblem. This is that the human bdy, when it recgnizes freign tissue, tends t turn against it.”（几十年来，研究人员一直试图解决异种移植的基本问题。这就是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织。）可知，异种移植的基本问题是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织，由此可知，异种移植的基本障碍是人体抵抗（排斥）外来组织。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“A furth, a grwth gene, had als been kncked ut, t ensure the heart did nt enlarge after transplantatin.”（第四个是生长基因，也被移除，以确保移植后心脏不会扩大。）可知，移除生长基因是为了确保移植后心脏不会扩大。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“The pig in questin was raised where there was n virus t reduce the chance f that, but it remains a pssibility.”（讨论中的那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的，以减少感染的机会，但仍然有可能感染病毒。）可知，为了减少感染的机会，那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的。故选D项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Mrever, even these barriers can be vercme, mst researchers still acknwledge that increasing xentransplantatin t meet the wrld’s demand fr rgans may take decades. After this news, hwever, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.”（此外，即使这些障碍可以克服，大多数研究人员仍然承认，增加异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求可能需要几十年。然而，这一消息之后，最终发生的可能性增加了。）可知，作者认为，这次异种移植手术的成功，表明未来异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求的可能性增加了，由此可知，作者对异种移植的未来持乐观态度。故选A项。
【答案】32．C 33．D 34．A 35．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日公共图书馆咨询台在回答访客问题方面服务优良，限于图书馆参考资源有限，他们和美国大巴吞鲁日志愿者组织合作，这为有需要的人带来了更多的帮助。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“The best recipe, the histry f zydec, the number f times the LSU Tigers ftball team has been t the Cttn Bwl. Even in this age f Ggle and Siri, there’s n shrtage f questins.（最好的食谱，zydec的历史，LSU老虎橄榄球队参加棉花碗比赛的次数。即使在这个谷歌和Siri的时代，也不乏问题。）”可知，第一段是为了介绍路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日公共图书馆咨询台在回答访客问题方面的良好服务。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Sme visitrs seemed t need much mre than what the library’s reference surces culd give them.（一些游客似乎需要的远远超过图书馆的参考资料所能提供的。）”可知，洪水期间图书馆面临的问题是它无法提供人们需要的所有信息。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“At VOAGBR, they’re all abut addressing the very cncerns peple were asking abut — assistance with affrdable husing, a drp-in center fr the hmeless, therapists wh wrk with families in crisis, prgrams fr senirs. They were cmmitted t helping thse wh were called “the least f these”.（在VOAGBR，他们都在关注人们所关心的问题——经济适用房援助、无家可归者收容中心、帮助危机家庭的治疗师、老年人项目。他们致力于帮助那些被称为“最弱小者”的人。）”可知，VOAGBR向穷人提供援助。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据倒第二段第二句“In its first six mnths at the library branches, VOAGBR helped 248 peple it might nt have therwise reached.（在图书馆分馆的头六个月里，VOAGBR帮助了248名原本可能无法接触到的人。）”可知，试点项目帮助了人们很多。故选B。
【答案】36．E 37．G 38．B 39．C 40．A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
【36题详解】
根据上文“In 2022, ver 700 tp academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence cmpanies were asked in a survey abut future AI risk. Half f thse surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent r greater chance f human extinctin frm future AI systems.（2022年，一项关于未来人工智能风险的调查询问了700多名顶尖学者和领先人工智能公司背后的研究人员。一半的受访者表示，未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝）”结合第一段提到让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机，以及下文陈述人工智能将让人类面临危机可知，技术（人工智能）让所有人类都登上了这家可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项“Technlgy cmpanies are caught in a race t put all f humanity n that plane.（科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上这架飞机的竞赛）”符合语境。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据下文“It is even harder t grasp the speed at which these tls are develping even mre advanced and pwerful capabilities.（要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大功能的速度就更难了）”中的even harder推知，空处陈述了一种人类难以掌握的工具。G项“It’s difficult fr human minds t grasp the capabilities f GPT-4 and similar tls.（人类很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能）”符合题意，difficult呼应下文harder，下文thesd tls指代选项中的GPT-4 and similar tls。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Frm language emerges myth and law, gds and mney, art and science, friendships and natins—even cmputer cde. （从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家，甚至计算机代码）”可知，语言对人类来说尤为重要。再结合“AI’s new mastery f language means it can nw hack and manipulate the perating system f civilizatin.（人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统）”推知，语言之所以重要是因为它是人类的操作系统。B项“Language is the perating system f human culture.（语言是人类文化的操作系统）”符合题意。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据上文“AI’s new mastery f language means it can nw hack and manipulate the perating system f civilizatin.（人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统）”和下文“What happens when the same thing ccurs in art, plitics, and even religin?（当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么？）”推知，空处提到了一种人工智能操纵或者打败人类的情况，而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时可能会产生难以预料的后果。C项“In games like chess, n human can hpe t beat a cmputer.（在像国际象棋这样的游戏中，没有人能指望打败电脑）”符合语境，下文的“the same thing”指代选项内容。故选C。
【40题详解】
空处位于段首，应总起下文。根据下文“We are surrunded by culture, experiencing reality thrugh a cultural prism （棱镜）. Our views are shaped by the reprts f jurnalists and the accunts f friends. What will it be like t experience reality thrugh a prism prduced by nn-human intelligence?（我们被文化包围，通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子？）”可知，我们的观点通常都是根据记者的报道和朋友的描述形成的，由此推知，人类很少直接接触现实。A项“Humans ften dn’t have direct access t reality.（人类通常无法直接接触现实）”符合题意，总起下文，reality是关键词。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
【答案】
41．C 42．D 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．D 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．D
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者的爷爷为事业和家庭付出了很多，他每一天都过得很充实，他的精神影响了很多的人。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我爷爷过着正常的生活，现在和大多数老年人一样享受着退休生活。A．elder年龄较大的；B．lder更老的；C．elderly上了年龄的；D．ldest最老的。根据上文“nw enjys his retired life”可知，作者的爷爷是退休人员，所以属于上了年龄的老年人。故选C。
42．考查介词词义辨析。句意：高中一毕业，他成为了一名教师，教了三门课。A．When当…时候；B．As当...时候；C．In在…内；D．On一…就。根据下文“his graduatin”可知，空格后面是名词，空格处要用介词，表示时间，意为“一…就”。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖父尽他所能确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。A．cntradict相矛盾；B．distinguish区分；C．assume假如；D．ensure确保。根据上文“My grandfather did everything he culd”可知，作者的祖父尽他所能应该是要确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。故选D。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第3题详解。A．cnventinal传统的；B．prmising有前途的；C．integrated合成的；D．luxurius奢侈的。根据上文“My grandfather did everything he culd”可知，作者的祖父尽他所能应该是要确保他的学生有一个充满希望的未来。故选B。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全国大学入学考试于1977年恢复。A．entrance入口；B．admissin承认；C．enter进入；D．admit承认。根据下文“exam resumed （重启） in 1977”可知，这里指1977年中国恢复的高考。故选A。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参加考试需要花费大量的时间和精力，但在征求了其他人的意见后，他决定参加当年的考试。A．strength力气；B．pwer能量；C．frce迫使；D．energy精力。根据下文“t take the exam”可知，参加高考需要花费大量的时间和精力。故选D。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A．enquired要求；B．ceased停止；C．preferred更喜欢；D．determined决心。根据下文“After graduating frm university”可知，虽然有可能，但是作者的爷爷仍然决定要参加高考。故选D。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想实现他对高等教育和孩子们更好生活的渴望。A．fulfill完成；B．fill填充；C．expand扩张；D．bst促进。根据下文“his desire fr higher educatin and fr a better life fr his children.”可知，作者的爷爷决定要参加高考是想要完成他的愿望。故选A。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他成功了。A．went thrugh经历；B．made it成功；C．pulled thrugh通过；D．paid ff有回报。根据下文“graduating frm university”可知，作者的爷爷成功考上了大学。故选B。
50．考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管我爷爷取得了成功，但他在市场管理方面工作很努力。A．with 带有，具有；B．besides 除……之外（还有）；C．except 除……之外；D．Despite尽管。根据下文“his success”可知，空格后面是名词，所以空格处要用介词，表示转折的关系，意为“尽管”。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些努力使他的市场在几十年里运行良好。A．disabled残疾；B．enabled使能够；C．distracted使分心；D．evaluated评估。根据下文“his market t run well fr decades”可知，这里指作者的爷爷付出的努力使他的市场在几十年里运行良好。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爷爷也为他的家庭付出了很多。A．cmmitted投入，花（时间/钱）；B．earn 赚得，挣得；C．sacrifice 牺牲；D．we 欠债，欠人情，归功于，归因于。根据下文可知，这里指爷爷也为他的家庭付出了很多。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他教孩子们成为一个有深度的思考者，养成读书的习惯。A．habitat栖息地；B．habit习惯；C．diary日记；D．dairy奶制品。根据下文“When I was small, he read me 200 ancient pems. Prbably ______ this, the spirit f traditinal Chinese culture is deeply rted in me.”可知，爷爷是要培养作者养成读书的习惯。故选B。
54．考查固定短语辨析。句意：也许正因为如此，中国传统文化的精神深深植根于我心中。A．thanks fr感谢；B．n behalf f代表；C．as a result因此；D．n accunt f因为。根据下文“the spirit f traditinal Chinese culture is deeply rted in me”可知，作者认为，因为他爷爷给他读了200首古诗，所以中国传统文化的精神才深深植根于他心中。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他总是在不经意间影响许多人。A．encunters偶遇；B．acknwledges承认；C．intervenes介入；D．influences影响。根据下文“I believe his spirit will be passed dwn frever.”可知，爷爷是事迹影响了很多人。故选D。
第四部分短文填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
【答案】56．severely 57．t cl 58．peratr 59．wuld begin 60．which##that
61．the 62．had been treated 63．n 64．cnsidering 65．befre
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水，但遭到环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：2011年，日本福岛第一核电站在海啸中遭到严重破坏，引发了一场重大核灾难。提示词修饰动词damaged，用副词severely作状语，意为“非常严重地”。故填severely。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，水一直被用来冷却受损的反应堆，防止进一步损坏。be used t d...是固定搭配，意为“被用来……”。故填t cl。
【58题详解】
考查名词。句意：该核电站的运营商东京电力公司（TEPCO）表示，由于废水，储存罐占用了太多空间。根据空格前冠词the可知，空格处用名词，结合句意和提示词，表示“运营商”，用名词peratr，作同位语。故填peratr。
【59题详解】
考查时态。句意：因此，日本最初表示将在2023年春季开始向海洋排放这些水。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，结合主句时态和句意，在过去说将要去做的事情，用过去将来时态wuld begin。故填wuld begin。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the equipment，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。故填which或that。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。fr the first time是固定短语，意为“首次；第一次”，作时间状语。故填the。
【62题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：据《卫报》报道，日本政府辩称，这些水已经经过处理，去除了大部分放射性同位素，因此可以安全排放到海洋中。提示词treat（处理）是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语the water之间是被动关系，结合句意，“水经过处理”发生在现在说可以安全排放之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故填had been treated。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：据英国广播公司报道，环保组织和当地渔民对废水对海洋生物和渔业的影响表示担忧。impact n...是固定搭配，意为“对……影响”。故填n。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：3月14日，中国外交部再次谴责日本单方面决定将受核污染的废水倾倒入海，认为此举企图将核污染风险转嫁给全人类。“（cnsider） the mve an attempt t shift the risk f nuclear pllutin t all f mankind.”在句中作伴随状语，cnsider（认为）是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The Chinese Freign Ministry之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动和伴随。故填cnsidering。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：外交部还警告说，在与邻国和相关国际机构充分协商之前，不要启动该计划。根据句意，表示“在……之前”，用介词befre构成介词短语，作时间状语。故填befre。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
【答案】One pssible versin:
Be a gd turist
May 19th is named by the State Cuncil as Natinal Turism Day. As a matter f fact, sme turists pay little attentin t their behavir when enjying themselves. S I appeal t all f us t be gd turists.
One key phrase I wuld like t draw yur attentin t is “traceless travel”, which means yu tur a place withut psing any threat t the envirnment. Gd turists leave n traces-n litter, n graffiti and n irritated lcals, thus prmting a better turism culture.
It’s every turist’s respnsibility t speak and act in ways that represent ur cuntry’s image and civilizatin.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的稿件。要求考生写一篇英语短文号召同学们文明出游，参加学校举办的英语征文比赛。
【详解】1．词汇积累
事实上：as a matter f fact→ in fact/actually
呼吁：appeal t → call n
促进：prmte → imprve
职责：respnsibility→ duty
2．句式拓展
同义句
原句：As a matter f fact, sme turists pay little attentin t their behavir when enjying themselves.
拓展句：As a matter f fact, sme turists pay little attentin t their behavir when they are enjying themselves.
【点睛】【高分句型1】One key phrase I wuld like t draw yur attentin t is “traceless travel”, which means yu tur a place withut psing any threat t the envirnment.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s every turist’s respnsibility t speak and act in ways that represent ur cuntry’s image and civilizatin.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
【答案】He did nt see the cart cming dwnhill, but Jhnny did. In a flash, Jhnny ran in frnt f the speeding cart, and pushed the little by ver t the side f the grassy hill. The little by was safe. But he was scared, and unaware f what had happened, except that this big by pushed him t safety. Big tears rlled dwn his cheeks as he slwly sat up, and he began t cry ludly mre thrugh fear than being hurt. The trundle cart passed by, and finally, the ice cream man stpped it at the bttm f the hill.
Hearing the screams f the child, the anxius parents came running ver. The mther hugged her sn clse, and cmfrted him with “It’s OK, Bb? Yu are all safe with Mummy.” The sbs stpped. While sme ther peple gathered arund, the ice cream man pushed his way in gently. He said, “I’m srry, ma’am. I did nt ntice yur sn. But if it wasn’t fr this big by here, he might have been badly hurt.” “Brave big by, thank yu s much,” the father said t Jhnny. The crwd burst int applause fr the brave by.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Jhnny和他的两个妹妹生活贫困，在城市拥挤的老旧公寓里生活。没有父亲，母亲整天在富人家打扫卫生，Jhnny只能照顾妹妹。一天，他们去公园野餐，但看到其他孩子吃冰淇淋时感到羡慕。Jhnny告诉妹妹，他们没有钱买这些昂贵的东西。卖冰淇淋的人正拉着手推车往下走去，突然，一个追的气球小男孩冲了过来。
【详解】1．段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他没有看见移动贩卖车正往下行，但是约翰尼看见了。”可知，第一段可描写Jhnny冲上前去，及时救了小男孩。
②由第二段首句内容“听到孩子的尖叫声，焦急的父母跑了过来。”可知，第二段可描写Jhnny得到孩子父母的感谢和其他人的称赞。
2．续写线索：勇敢冲了过去——成功救下小男孩——得到孩子父母的感谢——获得其他人的称赞
3．词汇激活
行为类
①开始：begin/start
②使停止：stp/halt
③拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类
①惊恐的：scared/frightened
②担心的：anxius/wrried
【点睛】[高分句型1] But he was scared, and unaware f what had happened, except that this big by pushed him t safety.（运用了连接代词what引导宾语从句和连词that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] While sme ther peple gathered arund, the ice cream man pushed his way in gently.（运用了从属连词while引导时间状语从句）
[高分句型3] But if it wasn’t fr this big by here, he might have been badly hurt.（运用了从属连词if引导条件状语从句）
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