外研版新教材2025届高考英语一轮复习课时练Unit3Theworldofscience必修第三册含答案

这是一份外研版新教材2025届高考英语一轮复习课时练Unit3Theworldofscience必修第三册含答案，共11页。

Chinese scientists have discvered a new water reservir n the mn in the frm f glass beads(珠子),which culd have majr significance fr finding ut the water cntent f the earth’s nly natural satellite and ptentially extracting them t supprt future lunar missins.
A study published in the jurnal NatureGescience last week revealed sil samples cllected by China’s Chang’e-5 lunar prbe cntained impact glass beads that held water in the frm f hydrxyl——a mlecule cnsisting f ne xygen atm and ne hydrgen atm.Hydrxyl in(离子) is ne f the mst cmmn ins fund in water.
These glass beads are created when meterids(流星体) hit the mn’s surface,thrwing up ht mlten drplets(熔滴) which then cl and turn slid.They functin like a spnge,saking up hydrgen atms carried by the slar wind t frm hydrxyl,thus playing an imprtant rle in the water cycle f the lunar surface.
While each bead nly hlds a tiny amunt f water,these glass balls can be seen everywhere n the mn and researchers estimated lunar sils culd stre as much as 270 billin metric tns f water.Fr decades,scientists thught the mn was bne dry until discveries in recent years revealed its sil culd hld water.“The mn ptentially hlding 270 billin metric tns f water is quite substantial,thugh it pales in cmparisn t the amunt f water in the earth’s ceans,” said Hu Sen,a researcher frm the Institute f Gelgy and Gephysics f the Chinese Academy f Sciences and ne f the key scientists behind the study.
These findings nt nly prvide insight n the rigins,strage,and transprtatin f water n celestial(天空的) bdies withut atmspheres,but they als may prve helpful fr planning and building a sustainable human habitat n these planets,he added.
Hwever,the specific rigins f the water n the lunar surface remain a mystery.The study presented several ptential surces,including slar wind implantatin,the release f trapped gas when the mn was ht and vlcanically active,and delivery by cmets and asterids.
1.What is the use f the glass beads?
A.Absrbing water.
B.Drying water.
C.Creating water.
D.Recycling water.
2.What is the main idea f paragraph 4?
A.The mn was a dry place fr decades.
B.The mn hlds as much water as the earth des.
C.Scientists discvered the mn culd stre water.
D.The amunt f water n the mn is cmparatively large.
3.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A.Trapped gas shuld be released.
B.Further research needs t be dne.
C.Water surces have been identified.
D.Slar wind was implanted n the mn.
4.What can be the best title f the text?
A.Future Habitat fr Humans:the Mn
B.New Discvery:Glass Beads n the Mn
C.New Findings:Water n the Lunar Surface
D.Future Missins:China’s Chang’e Lunar Prbes
B
The new Webb telescpe has discvered what appear t be galaxies(星系) that date back t within 600 millin years f the Big Bang.The six newly discvered bjects suggest that the early universe may have been develping unexpectedly fast t prduce these huge galaxies.
While the new telescpe has sptted even lder galaxies,dating t within 300 millin years f the beginning f the universe,it’s the size f these six galaxies that shck the researchers.
“Mst galaxies in this era are still small and nly gradually grwing larger ver time,” lead researcher Iv Labbe f Australia’s Swinburne University f Technlgy said.“But these six galaxies are fast-tracking t maturity.Why this is the case r hw this wrks is unknwn.”
Accrding t the reprt,which was published in the jurnal Nature n Wednesday,each f the six bjects weighs billins f times mre than ur sun.In ne f them,the ttal weight f all its stars may be as much as 100 billin times greater than ur sun.
The Pennsylvania State University’s Jel Leja,wh als tk part in the study,said,“What we fund is s unexpected that it actually creates prblems fr science and it might call the whle picture f early galaxy frmatin int questin.”
These galaxy bservatins were amng the first set f data frm the $10 billin Webb telescpe,which was just launched ver a year ag.Unlike Hubble,the bigger and mre pwerful Webb can see thrugh cluds f dust with its infrared(红外的) visin and discver galaxies previusly undetected.Scientists hpe t eventually bserve the first stars and galaxies frmed fllwing the creatin f the universe 13.8 billin years ag.
The researchers are still waiting fr fficial cnfirmatin.“It’s pssible that a few f the bjects might nt be galaxies,but black hles.One early lessn frm Webb is t let g f ur expectatins and be ready t be surprised,” Labbe said.“Next year it will tell us.”
5.What is special abut the six newly detected bjects?
A.Their age. B.Their clr.
C.Their size.D.Their shape.
6.What d the underlined wrds “fast-tracking t maturity” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Turning quickly.
B.Circling smthly.
C.Travelling fast.
D.Grwing rapidly.
7.What can we learn abut the tw telescpes?
A.Hubble can see further than Webb.
B.Webb is mre pwerful than Hubble.
C.Webb is much cheaper than Hubble.
D.Hubble is relatively bigger than Webb.
8.What des Iv Labbe mean in the last paragraph?
A.The data might nt be cmplete.
B.The researchers will be disappinted.
C.He des nt agree with Jel Leja.
D.The new Webb telescpe is unreliable.
Ⅱ.七选五
A recent study fund that nly eight percent f peple actually end up achieving their new year’s reslutin.Here’s a cuple f tips and tricks n hw t d just that.
1 .
N ne has ever said “h,I’m ging t be healthier this year” and the next day wake up healthy.There has t be a plan,gals,and actins that need t be taken.S yu can say smething like “I’m ging t g t the gym every ther day this year.”
Chsereslutinswisely.
2 .The majrity f reslutins invlve sme srt f habit changes,and habit changes have a huge cnsumptin n yur bdy’s willpwer.Willpwer is like a battery that needs t be recharged every night.When yu have t many reslutins,the burden n this battery causes it t run ut befre yu have a chance t recharge it.
Writeyurreslutinsdwn.
This makes the reslutin feel like a cntract. 3 .Yu can write dwn every reslutin fr the entire year.Every time yu lk at it,yu will feel a tremendus amunt f pressure t make sure that yu cntinue t keep yur reslutin.
Dn’ttellanyneabutyurnewyear’sreslutin.
Usually,when yu talk abut smething that yu haven’t accmplished,yu will trick yur brain int visualizing a situatin where yu have accmplished it. 4
Findyurselfanaccuntabilitybuddy.
An accuntability buddy is smebdy wh makes sure that yu’re ging ut there every single day,and ding the things that yu prmised yurself that yu wuld d. 5 .At the same time,yu help them keep themselves in lines t!
A.Have a plan
B.Keep healthy
C.Dn’t chse t many reslutins
D.It creates pressure fr yu t cmplete it
E.It’s interesting hw physical a cntract can feel
F.It’s smebdy wh helps yu keep yurself in line
G.This causes yu t lse tns f mtivatin that yu had befrehand
Ⅲ.语法填空
China added a labratry t its permanent rbiting space statin n July 25,2022 as it mved tward cmpleting the structure in cming 1. (mnth).
The Wentian lab mdule was launched frm the Wenchang space base n the trpical island prvince f Hainan with 2. large crwd f amateur phtgraphers and space lvers watching.After 13 hurs f flight,it 3. (successful) dcked(对接) with the Tiangng statin’s main Tianhe living mdule at 3:13 a.m.,4. had been launched befre the Wentian lab mdule.
The Wentian was designed 5. science and bilgy experiments,and its feature is that the 23-tn lab mdule was 6. (heavy) than any ther single-mdule spacecraft currently in space.It was fllwed by a secnd lab mdule,the Mengtian,sent n Octber 31,2022.Three astrnauts 7.(be) then living in the cre mdule(核心舱) n a six-mnth missin and versaw the Wentian’s 8. (arrive) and dcking.
A Lng March 5B-Y3 rcket,China’s mst 9.(pwer),carried the mdule in the third such launch since the Chinese space statin entered its cnstructin stage.It tk place after the Tianzhu-class carg(货物) spacecraft and the Shenzhu-14 crewed spacecraft.
China’s space prgram launched its first astrnaut int rbit in 2003,10. (make) it nly the third cuntry t d s n its wn.
Ⅳ.应用文写作
假定你是高中生李华,你所在的学校航模俱乐部近期将举办一次中学生航模作品展。请给你的交换生好友Penny写封信,邀请她来参加。内容包括:
1.作品展的时间、地点;
2.作品展的内容。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在相应位置作答。
参考词汇:航模mdel aircraft
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Unit3 Thewrldfscience
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国科学家在月球上发现了水存在的证据。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Theyfunctinlikeaspnge,sakinguphydrgenatmscarriedbytheslarwindtfrmhydrxyl,thusplayinganimprtantrleinthewatercyclefthelunarsurface.”可知,月球上的“玻璃珠”的功能是吸住水分。
2.D 段落大意题。根据第四段首句“Whileeachbeadnlyhldsatinyamuntfwater,theseglassballscanbeseeneverywherenthemnandresearchersestimatedlunarsilsculdstreasmuchas270billinmetrictnsfwater.”以及“Themnptentiallyhlding270billinmetrictnsfwaterisquitesubstantial”可知,本段主要说明月球中的含水量相对来说还是比较大的。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“Hwever,thespecificriginsfthewaternthelunarsurfaceremainamystery.”可知,科学家还要做进一步的研究找到水的来源。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chinesescientistshavediscveredanewwaterreservirnthemninthefrmfglassbeads(珠子),whichculdhavemajrsignificancefrfindingutthewatercntentftheearth’snlynaturalsatelliteandptentiallyextractingthemtsupprtfuturelunarmissins.”可知,这篇文章主要讲在月球上发现了水。因此C项“新发现:月球表面有水”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了韦伯太空望远镜最近发现的六个疑似星系。
5.C 细节理解题。第二段提到“Whilethenewtelescpehasspttedevenldergalaxies,datingtwithin300millinyearsfthebeginningftheuniverse,it’sthesizefthesesixgalaxiesthatshcktheresearchers.”可知,这六个星系的尺寸是其特别之处,因此让研究人员震惊。
6.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词组前“Mstgalaxiesinthiseraarestillsmallandnlygraduallygrwinglargervertime,”可推断,fast-trackingtmaturity与grwingrapidly所表达的意思相同。故选D项。
7.B 细节理解题。第六段提到“UnlikeHubble,thebiggerandmrepwerfulWebbcanseethrughcludsfdustwithitsinfrared(红外的)visinanddiscvergalaxiespreviuslyundetected.”可知,韦伯望远镜比哈勃望远镜更强大。
8.A 推理判断题。第五段最后一句提到“Whatwefundissunexpectedthatitactuallycreatesprblemsfrscienceanditmightcallthewhlepicturefearlygalaxyfrmatinintquestin.”第六段提到“Thesegalaxybservatinswereamngthefirstsetfdatafrm...”及最后一段的“OneearlylessnfrmWebbistletgfurexpectatinsandbereadytbesurprised”可知,韦伯望远镜观测的结果受到了质疑。由此推知,IvLabbe担心第一批数据可能不完整。故选A项。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了实现新年决心的建议和技巧。
1.A 根据下文“Nnehaseversaid ‘h,I’mgingtbehealthierthisyear’ andthenextdaywakeuphealthy.Therehastbeaplan,gals,andactinsthatneedtbetaken.Syucansaysmethinglike ‘I’mgingtgtthegymeverytherdaythisyear.’”可知,本段主要讲要制定计划,A项“Haveaplan(有一个计划)”是最佳标题。
2.C 小标题“Chsereslutinswisely.”提出要明智选择新年决心,C项“Dn’tchsetmanyreslutins”承接上文,说明新年决心不能太多,需要挑选,下文“Whenyuhavetmanyreslutins,theburdennthisbatterycausesittrunutbefreyuhaveachancetrechargeit.”解释了选择不能太多的原因,上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
3.D 小标题“Writeyurreslutinsdwn.”提出写下自己的决心,上文“Thismakesthereslutinfeellikeacntract.”和D项“Itcreatespressurefryutcmpleteit”一起说明了要写下决心的原因:写下决心就像签了一份合同,它会给你压力去完成它。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
4.G 上文“Usually,whenyutalkabutsmethingthatyuhaven’taccmplished,yuwilltrickyurbrainintvisualizingasituatinwhereyuhaveaccmplishedit.”提出谈论还没有完成的事情会让大脑受欺骗,想象出已经完成计划的场景,G项“Thiscausesyutlsetnsfmtivatinthatyuhadbefrehand”承接上文,说明这件事情的后果:失去动力。上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
5.F 上文“Anaccuntabilitybuddyissmebdywhmakessurethatyu’regingutthereeverysingleday,anddingthethingsthatyuprmisedyurselfthatyuwuldd.”提出“负责任的伙伴”这一角色,F项“It’ssmebdywhhelpsyukeepyurselfinline”承接上文,继续介绍“负责任的伙伴”的作用,说明要找一个“负责任的伙伴”的原因。故选F项。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“问天”实验舱及成功发射的情况。
1.mnths 考查名词的数。根据“incming”可知,设空处需填名词复数。
2.a 考查冠词。acrwdf一群,许多的。
3.successfully 考查词性转换。根据“dcked”可知,设空处修饰动词,需填副词作状语,故填successfully。
4.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句缺主语,故用which引导定语从句。
5.fr 考查介词。bedesignedfr为……所设计,设计用于……。
6.heavier 考查形容词比较级。根据“thananythersingle-mdulespacecraft”可知,设空处需填形容词比较级。故填heavier。
7.were 考查动词的时态。根据“andversaw”可知,and连接并列句,前句缺谓语动词,时态是一般过去时,主语是“Threeastrnauts”,故谓语动词用复数。
8.arrival 考查词性转换。根据“theWentian’s”可知,设空处需填名词,故填arrival。
9.pwerful 考查词性转换。根据“China’smst”可知,设空处需填形容词。故填pwerful。
10.making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词“launched”,故设空处需填非谓语动词,中国的太空计划将首位宇航员送入轨道这件事和“make”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。
Ⅳ.Dear Penny,
The mdel aircraft club in ur schl I’m in is ging t hld a Mdel Aircraft Wrks Shw fr high schl students in the activity center.It starts n May 20th and lasts fr tw weeks.
I knw yu have been int all kinds f mdels.This shw,whse theme is “Flying n the Wings f Science”,is surely a gd chance fr us t learn mre abut mdel aircraft.In additin t enjying the wnderful shw,we can make mdel aircraft by urselves.S dn’t hesitate t jin us.
Hpe t hear frm yu sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua