2025版高考英语一轮复习题练专题四语法填空考点七名词和数词课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习题练专题四语法填空考点七名词和数词课件，共13页。

过考点　基础小题轻松快攻训练计划:动词/形容词转换为名词9个,名词复数4个,名词所有格2个,数词3个1At 8 'clck, I walked int a bkshp and picked a bk frm ne f the 　　　　　　(shelf). 2T my　　　　　　(satisfy), the bss f the restaurant was very generus and treated me t a big meal free f charge. 3Research suggests nt getting enugh quality sleep can have serius permanent negative _____________(cnsequent). 4These Yungang 　　　　　　(researcher) attempt is a gd example f technlgy helping t preserve cultural heritage. 5Unlike ppular destinatins, sme underexplred places with little nline 　　　　　　(expse) can ffer mre surprises. 6The mve is part f the city's three-year actin plan t help peple with 　　　　　　(disable) t live and wrk better in the city. 7On the final day, when I watched the play, which had been changed many times, my eyes were full f tears f 　　　　　　(excite) and relief. 8The disappearance f dinsaurs is nt necessarily caused by astrnmical incidents, but alternative _____________(explain) are hard t find. 9Jiang Yufan said the prcess helped her grw and she hped her lantern wuld bring 　　　　　　(warm) t the wrld and light up peple's dreams. 
10All the 　　　　　　(grwn-up) including Nanny, a baby-sitter, and all the children sat dwn arund the big dining-rm table n the afternn f ur arrival. 11The Hng Kng-Zhuhai-Maca Bridge, which is knwn as the 　　　　　　(eight) wnder f the 21st century, pened n the mrning f Octber 24th, 2018. 12At abut the age f 65, mst Califrnians stp wrking full time and begin benefiting frm scial _____________(secure), medicare and their years f savings. 13A secnd-grade educatin has nt stpped garbage cllectr Jse Gutierrez, aged 53, frm bringing the gift f reading t thusands f Clmbian 　　　　　　(child). 14Chinese yuth were brn and raised when the 　　　　　　(cuntry) ecnmy was taking ff, s they tend t have strng cnfidence in their natinal identity and culture. 15While in his 　　　　　　(thirty), Shen Ku frequently dreamed f a place. In the dream, he climbed a hill, the tp f which was cvered with brightly clred flwers and trees. 16"My 　　　　　　(inspire) fr the prject was the great beauty I discvered in China's culture, landscapes, and mre imprtantly, the hearts f Chinese peple,"says Segev. 17The effrts f the Wrld Fd Prgramme (WFP) fcus n emergency assistance, develpment aid and special peratins, and tw　　　　　　(three) f them are made in cnflict-affected cuntries.18There are six majr types f tea in China—green tea, black tea, Olng tea, dark tea, white tea, and reprcessed tea, distinguished mainly by different 　　　　　　(methd)f prductin. 
【解析】 1.shelves　名词复数　8点钟,我走进一家书店,从其中一个书架上挑了一本书。ne f后跟可数名词的复数形式,shelf的复数是shelves。【拓展】以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时,一般直接加-s,如chefs,cliffs,beliefs等;但有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词需把-f或-fe变成-v,再加-es,如calves,thieves,knives等。2.satisfactin　动词转换为名词　令我满意的是,餐馆老板非常慷慨,免费请我吃了一顿大餐。my为形容词性物主代词,其后应接名词,故填satisfy的名词形式。satisfy变名词satisfactin为特殊变形,需特殊记忆。【易错】"t ne's+表示人的情感的抽象名词"，意为"令某人……的是"。常见的这类抽象名词有satisfactin，surprise，astnishment，amusement，amazement等。3.cnsequences　形容词转换为名词　分析句子结构可知,空处应填名词来作have的宾语。很显然,负面影响不止一个,故用名词复数形式cnsequences。4.researchers'　名词所有格　这些云冈研究人员的尝试是科技帮助保护文化遗产的一个很好的例子。由空前的These可知,researcher应用复数形式,且researcher与其后的名词attempt构成所属关系,故应用名词所有格。5.expsure　动词转换为名词　"with+adj.+n."结构在句中作后置定语,所填词意为"曝光",故填不可数名词expsure。【点拨】注意以下动词的名词形式:fail→failure;press→pressure;please→pleasure;mix→mixture。6.disabilities　形容词转换为名词　空前为介词with,"peple with 　　　　(disable)"指的是身有残疾的人,此处表示泛指,且根据peple可知,应用复数形式。 
7.excitement　动词转换为名词　根据空前的介词f可知,空处应填excite的名词形式excitement。excitement和relief并列作第二个f的宾语。【拓展】名词后缀-ment:通常直接加-ment,但也有特殊变形,如argument争论,judg(e)ment判断力(argue去-e是唯一,judge去留都可以)。8.explanatins　动词转换为名词　空处在后一分句中作主语,应用名词形式;根据be动词are可知,主语应为复数概念。注意:动词explain变名词时应去掉-i后加-atin。9.warmth　形容词转换为名词　姜宇帆说,这个过程帮助她成长,她希望她的灯笼能给世界带来温暖,点亮人们的梦想。分析句子可知,空处在bring后面作宾语,应用名词warmth。【易错】名词后缀-th：①词尾直接加或去-e加-th的有grwth，truth，width，warmth；②特殊变形的有deep→depth，lng→length，strng→strength，yung→yuth，die→death。10.grwn-ups　名词复数　grwn-up意为"成年人",为可数名词,根据空前的All可知,此处应用名词复数,故填grwn-ups。【拓展】由"动词/过去分词+副词"构成的复合名词变复数时,在词尾加-s,如grwn-ups。由"名词+副词"构成的复合名词变复数时,其中的名词变复数,如passers-by过路人。由"家庭成员+in-law"构成的复合名词变复数时,in-law前的名词变复数,如fathers-in-law,sisters-in-law等。
【知识拓展】　　可数名词用复数的情况小结1.可数名词前有a few,few,several,many,cuntless,all,a great/gd many,,ne f,a number f等词或短语,则要用名词的复数形式。2.句中的谓语动词是复数形式,作主语的名词一般也要用复数形式;可数名词前无限定词修饰时用复数形式。3.常用复数的名词:(1)表示由两个相同部分组成的东西的名词,如scissrs剪刀,pants裤子,cmpasses圆规,sunglasses太阳镜,tights紧身衣裤。(2)一些词尾为-ing的名词,如savings储蓄金,findings研究结果,earnings薪水,fillings填充物,belngings财物。(3)表示问候、祝贺、感谢等的名词,如greetings贺词,wishes祝愿,cngratulatins祝贺,thanks感谢。4.一些固定短语中的名词用复数形式,常见的有take pains,in ruins,gd/bad manners,make cntributins t,take turns t d sth.,in high/lw spirits,make friends with等。
11.eighth　数词　2018年10月24日上午,被誉为21世纪第八大奇迹的港珠澳大桥开通。根据句意,此处表示"第八大奇迹",而非"八个奇迹",而且空格前有定冠词the,符合"the+序数词"的用法。【规律助记】基数词变序数词口诀:一、二、三,单独记;八去-t,九去-e,-ve要用-f替,整十基数变序数,先把-y变成-ie,-th最后加上去;要是遇到其他两位数,十位基数个位序。12.security　动词转换为名词　根据空前的形容词scial可知,空处应使用名词。security"保障,保护"为不可数名词。
13.children　名词复数　child为可数名词,根据空前的"thusands f"可知,空处要用child的复数形式children。【拓展】名词变复数的特殊变形:muse→mice(老鼠),gse→geese,x→xen,bacterium→bacteria(细菌);medium→media(媒体);criterin→criteria(标准);analysis→analyses(分析);basis→bases(基准);phenmenn→phenmena(现象)等。14.cuntry's　名词所有格　分析句子结构可知,空后的"ecnmy"是名词,语境表示"国家的经济",应使用名词所有格作定语,故填cuntry's。
【知识拓展】　　名词与名词所有格作定语的区别名词所有格作定语强调与被修饰词的所属关系或表示逻辑上的主谓关系(如the guest's arrival)等。名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、用途、材料或来源等,例如:a fruit shp(一家水果店),the railway statin(火车站)。本题指"国家的经济",表示所属关系。
15.thirties　数词　30多岁时,沈括经常梦见一个地方。在梦里,他爬上了一座小山,山顶上长满了色彩鲜艳的花朵和树木。根据句意可知,此处表示"在某人三十多岁时",应用短语in ne's thirties。【拓展】(1)表达"在某人几十多岁时",用"in ne's+整十基数词的复数",如 in ne's fifties在某人五十多岁时;(2)表达"在几十年代"时,用"in the+整十基数词的复数",如 in the thirties在三十年代。
16.inspiratin　动词转换为名词　空处在句中作主语,由空前的My及空后的fr可知,空处应用名词,故填inspiratin。17.thirds　数词　世界粮食计划署的工作重点是紧急援助、发展援助和特别行动,其中三分之二是在受冲突影响的国家进行的。根据句意,空处为分数"三分之二"的分母,应使用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母应使用复数。
【知识拓展】　　分数表达法:(1)分子为基数词,分母为序数词,当分子大于一时,分母用复数。如a/ne third三分之一,tw thirds三分之二。(2)分子与分母之间加in/ut f,分子在前,分母在后,分子和分母都用基数词,如ne in /ut f ten十分之一。
18.methds　名词复数　根据空前的形容词different可知,此处表示"不同的制作方法",因此应填所给名词的复数形式methds。
过应用　语法填空应用提高Clze 1话题:腊八节习俗　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约185　　难度:★★★☆☆　　[2023河北邯郸二模]The 12th lunar mnth in Chinese is called la yue,s the ▶1　　　　(eight) day f this lunar mnth is laba. The day is als knwn 2　　　　 the Laba Festival. Three majr custms n Laba Festival are ancestr wrship, eating laba rice prridge(粥) 3　　　　 making laba garlic. At the end f the year, wrking peple get 4　　　　(much) free time than usual t prepare fr the sacrifice(祭祀) t the ancestrs. The reasn 5　　　　 the 12th lunar mnth is called la yue has a lt t d with the custm f sacrifice. As t the traditin f eating laba rice prridge, there are several legends abut the rigin. Sme say the prridge 6　　　　(make) f red beans, can drive away evil frm children. Others say the prridge is in memry f a pr cuple. The custm f eating prridge 7　　　　(be) well-knwn since ancient times. The mst authentic prridge was made in nrthern China, 8　　　　(especial) Beiping, tday's Beijing. The main ▶9__________(material) f the laba rice prridge are rice and sticky rice. Peple als put sugar, red dates, red beans, peanuts and ther varius things int the prridge 10　　　　(enrich) its flavr. 
【解析】 本文主要介绍了腊八节的两个习俗——祭祖和喝腊八粥。1.eighth　数词　空处作定语,修饰名词day,表示"第八天",应用序数词eighth。2.as　介词　be knwn as为固定搭配,表示"被称为",故填as。3.and　并列连词　腊八节的三大习俗是祭祖、吃腊八粥和做腊八蒜。空处连接三个并列的短语作表语,故填并列连词and。4.mre　比较级　在年底,有工作的人们比平时有更多的空闲时间来准备祭祀祖先。根据语境和空后的than usual可知,此处应用比较级mre,表示"更多的空闲时间"。故填mre。5.why　定语从句　农历的第十二个月被称为腊月的原因与祭祀的习俗有很大关系。空处引导定语从句,先行词为reasn,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故填why。6.made　非谓语动词　空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰prridge,动词make与prridge之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填made。7.has been　时态和主谓一致　空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语since ancient times可知,空处应用现在完成时;主语The custm为第三人称单数形式,空处也用单数,故填has been。8.especially　副词　空处在句中作状语,应用副词。especially表示"尤其,特别"。故填especially。9.materials　名词复数　material"材料,原料"可作可数名词。空处作主语,根据be动词are可知,此处应用复数名词,故填materials。10.t enrich　非谓语动词　人们还把糖、红枣、红豆、花生和其他各种各样的东西放进粥里来丰富它的味道。根据语境,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填t enrich。
Clze 2话题:劳动教育　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约210　　难度:★★★☆☆　　[2023福建省适应性练习卷]Primary schls nw attach great imprtance t labr educatin, advcating students t d activities such as cking, making handicrafts 1　　　　 decrating huses. Xue Yumei, a Grade 3 student, spent the winter hliday in Guangxi. Everything abut village life was nvel t Xue wh was used 2　　　　 urban life. Xue jined her family t wrk at a farm field planted with Chinese water chestnuts. Xue, 3　　　　(wear) a pair f glves, helped her father pick up water chestnuts at the field. Fr Yang Liqia, a Grade 6 student, the past winter hliday gave her 4　　　　 new identity—garbage srting guide. Yang wre a vlunteer's vest and recrded the situatin f the garbage srting wrk at her residential cmmunity. 5　　　　(additinal), Yang als invited her classmates t walk arund the park nearby t pick up garbage n the grund. Yang's father bserved that labr activities ffered students a chance 6　　　　(acquire) knwledge, which was nt taught at class. At the same time, sme schls in China als assigned specialized hmewrk during the winter vacatin t let students enjy play-based learning. Sme students 7　　　　(ask) t cperate with parents t decrate their hmes with New Year ▶8　　　　(painting). The task aimed t develp students' 9__________(innvatin) thinking. And sme were required t cllect physics-related Chinese pems, make an ▶10　　　　(analyse) and draw a cnclusin. 
【解析】 小学现在非常重视劳动教育,提倡学生进行烹饪、制作手工艺品和装饰房屋等活动。本文主要分享了几位小学生在寒假期间参与的劳动活动。1.and　并列连词　小学现在非常重视劳动教育,提倡学生进行烹饪、制作手工艺品和装饰房屋等活动。句中的"cking""making handicrafts"和"decrating huses"并列作such as的宾语,应用并列连词and,表示"和,与"。2.t　介词　be used t sth.是固定搭配,意为"习惯于某事"。此处指习惯城市生活,故填t。3.wearing　现在分词　空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,主语Xue与动词wear是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,故填wearing。4.a　冠词　此处指"一个新的身份",表泛指,应用不定冠词,且new的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。5.Additinally　副词　空处作状语,表示"此外",应用副词Additinally。6.t acquire　动词不定式　空处作后置定语,修饰名词chance,说明chance的内容,应用动词不定式,故填t acquire。7.were asked　时态、语态和主谓一致　一些学生被要求与家长合作,用年画装饰他们的家。空处在句中作谓语,根据上文中的assigned和下文中的aimed可知,此处叙述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时;主语Sme students与动词ask是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为复数名词,空处应用复数形式。故填were asked。8.paintings　名词的数　空前无限定词,且根据空前的their hmes可知,空处表示复数意义,应用名词复数形式,故填paintings。9.innvative　形容词　该任务旨在培养学生的创新思维。空处作定语,修饰名词thinking,此处表示"创新