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2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2第1讲动词的时态语态与主谓一致课件
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这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2第1讲动词的时态语态与主谓一致课件,共60页。PPT课件主要包含了means,sets,went,was fixing,were,burns,is playing,have taken,rose,had become等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点一 动词的时态一、现在时范畴内的4种时态对比(一)一般现在时常用的4种情况1.表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态。常与表示习惯的副词(短语)always, every time, nw and then, ccasinally, ften, seldm, smetimes, usually等连用。I usually d my hmewrk in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。
2.主将从现:在以when, till/until, as sn as, by the time, after, befre等引导的时间状语从句和以if, unless, nce等引导的条件状语从句以及n matter+疑问词, 疑问词+-ever, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。If it desn't rain tmrrw, we'll have a trip.如果明天不下雨,我们将去旅行。
3.表示按时间表、时刻表等安排将要发生的动作,但限于少数动词,如g, cme, leave, arrive, begin, start, return, pen, clse, take ff等。The plane takes ff at 9:00.飞机九点起飞。4.表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
(二)现在进行时诠释的2类动作1.表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作;也可以表示当时一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有nw,at present, this week等。Mther is waiting fr me.母亲在等我。What lessn are yu studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了?
2.现在进行时还可表示计划安排好要采取的行动或要做的事情,常用的这类动词主要有g, cme, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, mve, return, stay, stp, d等。“The mment is cming sn,” he thught t himself, waiting nervusly.“这一刻就要来了,”他自思自忖,紧张地等待着。
(三)现在完成时使用的5种情境1.表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,常与 yet, just, befre, recently, nce, lately 等表示过去时间的状语连用。I haven't finished reading the bk yet, s I can't return it t the library.我还没把这本书读完,因此不能把它还给图书馆。
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作,常与 s far, up t nw, since last year, in the past/last few years,lately, in recent years等表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用。He has wrked here fr ver 20 years.他已经在这里工作了20多年。3.用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而发生。He will be back befre I have finished my wrk.我完成工作之前他会回来的。
4.在“It/This/that is the first/secnd/third ... time+that从句”固定句型中,that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema tgether as a family.这是我们一家人第一次在电影院里看电影。5.在“It/This is the best (wrst, mst interesting等)+名词+从句”固定句型中,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。This is the mst interesting bk I've ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。
(四)现在完成进行时的基本内涵现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+ding”构成,表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去,常和fr, since引导的时间状语连用。The manager has been telling the wrkers hw t imprve the prgram since 9 a.m..自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这一方案。
即时演练(一)单句语法填空1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The remarkable develpment f this city,which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, _______ (mean) there is always smething new t discver here,and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.2.As we all knw, the sun ______ (set) in the west.3.Many peple _____________ (seek) a variety f surces fr their happiness. Sme have put their heart and effrt int their wrk.
4.I ___________________ (write) a reprt abut the envirnment here ver the last few days, which I have t hand in next week.5.The Wrld Health Organizatin warns that millins f peple ___________ (suffer) frm indr air pllutin at the present time, which results frm the use f dangerus fuels and ck-stves at hme.
have been writing
are suffering
二、过去时范畴内的4种时态详析(一)一般过去时的使用原则表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, last night, the ther day, just nw, tw days ag, in 2022等。—Haven't seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?—I went t Ningxia and stayed there fr ne year, teaching as a vlunteer.——好长时间没见到你了!你去哪儿了?——我作为志愿者去宁夏支教了一年。
(二)过去进行时的2种运用1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一时间段内一直进行的动作。I was ding my lessns then.那时我在做功课。2.表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, g, cme 等。Jan tld us she was leaving fr Wuhan next Saturday.琼告诉我们她下周六要去武汉。
(三)过去完成时的4种用法1.表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态,常与by, by the end f, by the time, befre,until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。I had put away my cellphne befre my father came back.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把手机收起来了。
2.某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法,意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。常用的这类动词主要有expect, hpe, plan, suppse, think, intend, mean, want等。We had intended t help yu, but we were t busy t get away.我们本来想帮助你的,但我们忙得脱不开身。
3.在“hardly (scarcely).”“ n ”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questins.演讲者一结束他的讲话,观众就不停地向他提问。4.在“It/This/that was the first (secnd, etc.) time+that从句”固定句型中,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。It was the secnd time that he had wn the electin.那是他第二次在大选中获胜。
(四)过去将来时的一般含义过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。除了使用“wuld+动词原形”表示外,还可以用be ging t d, be t d, be abut t d等方式表示。Did yu predict that many students wuld sign up fr the dance cmpetitin?你预计将会有很多学生报名参加舞蹈比赛吗?
即时演练(二)单句语法填空1.Thugh the interview ______ (g) well, he realized that cmpared with the ther candidates he didn't have the ability t get the jb.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 3.I was lucky because that was the secnd time that I _____________ (visit) Russia.
had visited
4.Albert Einstein was brn in 1879. As a child, few peple guessed that he __________________________ (be) a famus scientist whse theries wuld change the wrld. 5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ______ (be)previusly unprtected.
wuld be/was ging t be
三、将来时范畴内的3种时态辨析(一)一般将来时的4种用法1.“will/shall+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。—Mr. Li is ill in hspital.—Oh, I didn't knw. I'll g t see him tnight.——李老师生病住院了。——哦,我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
2.be ging t+动词原形(1)表示现在打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。(2)表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,推测某事即将发生。Lk at the clud. It's ging t rain.瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。
3.“be abut t+动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用,但可以与when连接的并列句连用。The English Evening is abut t start.英语晚会即将开始。4.“be t+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见。Yu are t hand in yur papers by 10 'clck.你要在10点前交上论文。
(二)将来进行时的时间概念将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时也可以表示已计划好的事。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如: at this time tmrrw, the day after tmrrw, frm 1:30 t 4:30 tmrrw等。What will yu be ding at this time tmrrw?明天这个时候你将在做什么?
(三)将来完成时的使用依据将来完成时主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成,上下文情景中常含有by 的时间状语,如by six 'clck, by the weekend, by the end f next mnth等。We shall have finished the prject by the end f this year.我们将在今年年底完成这项工程。
即时演练(三)完成句子1.到明年的六月份,我们已经毕业了。(graduate)We______________________________by the June f next year. 2.他将就急救问题发表演讲。(deliver)He__________________________ n first aid. 3.我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。(land)We________________ in Paris in sixteen minutes.
will have graduated frm schl
is ging t deliver a speech
shall be landing
四、“7组比较”辨清易混时态1.一般现在时与现在进行时的比较一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态;现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时未必正在做)。
On Mnday mrnings it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk althugh the actual distance is nly 20 miles.(经常性、习惯性的动作)在星期一的早上,开车上班通常要花费我一个小时的时间,虽然实际距离只有20英里。Hurry up! Mark and Carl are expecting us.(正在进行的动作)快点!马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。
2.一般现在时与现在完成时的比较一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态;现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作到现在已完成,或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。I d all the cking fr my family, but recently I have been t busy t d it.通常由我给家人做饭,但我最近太忙,没时间做了。
3.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较一般过去时表示过去某时刻或过去某段时间发生的动作或情况,常与表示过去的与现在无关的时间状语连用;而现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况,常与表示包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用;一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况,与现在没什么联系;而现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。I felt very tired when I gt hme, and I went straight t bed.回到家时我感觉非常累,所以就直接去睡觉了。
—Alvin, are yu cming with us?—I'd lve t, but smething unexpected has cme up.——阿尔文,你会跟我们来吗?——我想去,但发生了意想不到的事情。
4.一般过去时与过去完成时的比较一般过去时表示动作发生在过去;而过去完成时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。Tm and I became friends in 2000, althugh we had actually met several years befre.汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友,尽管在那时的几年之前我们就见过面。
5.一般过去时与过去进行时的比较一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去,不强调动作的延续性;而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。He wrte a nvel last mnth.他上个月写了一部小说。(已经完成小说)He was writing a nvel at this time last mnth.上个月的这个时候他正在写一部小说。(不一定完成小说)
6.一般将来时与将来进行时的比较一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态;而将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。I am busy reviewing my lessns because I will have an exam tmrrw.我正忙着复习功课,因为明天要考试。I can't cme tmrrw, because I will be having an exam at this time tmrrw.我明天来不了,因为明天这个时候我正在考试。
7.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或造成的结果;而现在完成进行时则表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在,并且还在进行,强调动作的延续性。Mary has phned yu.玛丽给你打过电话了。Mary has been phning yu.玛丽一直在给你打电话。
即时演练(四)单句语法填空1.Pwer walking ffers many benefits. Walking at a quick pace f 4 mph _______ (burn) arund 300 calries per hur.2.Nw China ________________ (play) an imprtant rle in glbal ecnmic plicy-making. 3.Great changes ____________ (take) place in ur hmetwn in the past ten years.
4.Translated fictin sales in the United Kingdm ______ (rise) by 5.5 percent last year, with grwing demand fr Chinese titles, said Nielsen n Wednesday.
五、确定动词时态的“4个依据”依据1:时间状语动词的时态,顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式,因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。【例1】 Silk ____________(becme) ne f the primary gds traded alng the Silk Rad by abut 100 BCE. 分析:题干中by abut 100 BCE是表示过去的时间状语,当时间状语是“介词by (不迟于,不晚于)+过去的某一时间”时,表示动作发生在“过去的过去”,谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had becme。
【例2】In the last few years, China________(make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin. 分析:句意:在最近的几年里,中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。题干中的时间状语是In the last few years,表示动作“从过去某一时间一直持续到现在”,所填词应用现在完成时;且主语China为单数形式。故填has made。
依据2:参照动词当题干中没有时间状语,或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时,动词的时态由其参照动词来决定。【例3】 The real reasn why prices______(be), and still are,t high is cmplex,and n shrt discussin can satisfactrily explain this prblem. 分析:分析句子结构可知,题干中没有时间状语,由参照动词are和is以及 still 可以推断出所填动词陈述的是过去的事实,表示“过去是,现在仍然是”,应用一般过去时;且主语prices为复数形式。故填were。
依据3:句意或语境当题干中无时间状语及参照动词,或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填词动作的时态时,所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。【例4】 —Is Peter cming? —N, he_________(change) his mind after a phne call at the last minute.
分析:根据语境可知,所填词的动作发生在过去,陈述的是过去的事实,应用一般过去时。题干中虽有时间状语at the last minute和参照动词is cming,但它们都不能准确定位所填动词的动作发生的时间,因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。故填changed。
【例5】 (2023·北京卷)I turned up at the appinted hur fr a dinner, nly t find that n ther guest_____________(arrive) and my hstess was still in her sleeping suit.分析:句意:我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。根据语境可知,“客人没到场”这一动作发生在“我到场”之前,即“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
had arrived
【例6】 He said that ne f the bxes ___________(generate) arund $13,500 in revenue a mnth and cst nly abut $400 t rent. 分析:句意:他说其中一个箱子每月收入约为13 500美元,租金仅为400美元左右。根据主句中的said可知,that引导的宾语从句时态也应用过去的某种时态,从句陈述客观事实,应用一般过去时。故填generated。
依据4:固定句式英语中有一些句式的时态常常是固定的,如果题干中出现这类句式,应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。常见的固定句式如下:①It is the that sb. have/has dne...②It was the that sb. had dne...③Sb. was ding sth. ④Sb. was abut t d sth. ⑤Hardly/Scarcely had sb. dne sth. ⑥It's (high) time that sb. did sth./shuld d sth.
【例7】 It is the first time that I___________(be) t Beijing. 分析:句意:这是我第一次去北京。提示词为be动词,设空处在句中作谓语,再根据固定句式It is the first time that sb. have/has dne ...确定使用现在完成时。故填have been。
考点二 被动语态一、各种时态的被动语态形式(以d为例)
After schl we went t the reading rm t d sme reading, nly t be tld that it was being decrated.(过去进行时的被动语态)放学后,我们去阅览室看书,结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。
【点津】(1)含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态,由“情态动词(can, may, must, have t,used t等)+be+dne”构成;(2)含有be ging t, be t, be abut t等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态,其构成为“be ging t (be t, be abut t)+be+dne”。
二、主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况英语中有很多动词,如clean, sell, read, write, wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是物;在这种情况下,常常和easily, well等副词连用。This kind f clth cleans easily.这种布料容易清洗。
【点津】(1)主动语态表被动意义强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。(2)感官动词feel, sund, taste, lk 等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,无被动形式。Junk fd tastes delicius but it desn't cntain enugh nutritin.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
(3)在need, want, require, deserve, bear 等动词,wrth 等形容词的后面,动词-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Yur cmpsitin still requires plishing/t be published.你的文章出版前还需润色。
(4)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+动词不定式”中,动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, imprtant, impssible, pleasant, interesting等。The prblem is difficult t wrk ut.这个问题很难解决。(可看作省略了fr me)(5)be t rent/blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。Wh is t blame fr the mistake?谁应为这个错误承担责任?
即时演练(五)单句语法填空1.(2023·全国甲卷)Carsn prves that a simple lyric frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still _____________(emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.2.When receiving the letter last night, I didn't ntice what __________ (mark) n the back f the letter.
3.Our city is becming a mdern ne. Mre and mre tall buildings _______________ (build) in the last five years. 4.This listening material, tgether with its CD-ROMs, _______ (sell) well.5.Meetings __________ (hld) every tw days in the cmpany and he is fed up with them.
have been built
6.(2023·浙江1月卷) In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Frbidden City,surrunded in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes ________________(permit)t live clser t the center f the circles.
were permitted
考点三 主谓一致一、就近一致原则1.由r, either ... r ..., neither ... nr ..., nt nly ... but als ..., nt ... but ...等连接的并列名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。Either yu r ne f yur classmates is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。
2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There are three chairs, a desk and a cmputer in the rm.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
二、语法一致原则1.动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Listening t music makes me feel relaxed after a busy day.忙碌了一天后,听音乐使我感到很放松。
【点津】what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。What he says and des des nt cncern me.他的言行与我无关。What he says and des d nt agree.他的言行不一致。
2.主语后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, like, but, except, alng with, rather than等连接的短语时,谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持一致。The teacher as well as his students was very excited.老师和学生们都非常激动。
【点津】(1)and, bth ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。The singer and dancer is t attend ur evening party.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
(2)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。My friend shwed me arund the twn, which was very attractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇,这个小镇非常迷人。
(3)“many a/mre than ne+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each, every, n所修饰的名词作主语时,即使由and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。Many a parent has t g thrugh this same painful prcess.很多父母不得不经历同样痛苦的过程。Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held n Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
3.“the+形容词”表示某一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.患病的人被治愈,同时失踪的人也被找到了。4.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或短语作主语时通常作为一个整体看待,谓语动词通常用单数形式。Tw thusand miles is a lng distance.两千英里是一段很长的距离。
三、意义一致原则1.集体名词作主语时,如果表示一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示组成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience 等。The whle class were tld t stay behind after schl.全班学生被告知放学后留下。
2.“分数/百分数/the majrity+f+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, sme, half, mst, the rest 等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Abut ne third f the bks were written by him.这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
即时演练(六)单句语法填空1.Althugh the figure _____ better than expected, there ______ few signs that the eurzne wuld climb ut f recessin any time sn.(be)2.Each instrument and each musician _______ (take) n different functins: sustaining, mdifying, synthesizing and innvating, paired int tw key types f rles supprting and leading.3.Neither Mary nr her parents ____________________ (infrm) f the exciting news, which surprises us a lt.
have been infrmed
4.Up t nw, large quantities f fd _______________________ (distribute) t the peple affected by the terrible earthquake.
have been distributed
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) As a little girl,I ________ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.Nw,I'm living ut that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers d their jb in English.解析:考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句的谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Frbidden City,surrunded in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes were permitted t live clser t the center f the circles. The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften__________(feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子). 解析:考查动词时态。根据句子结构和句意可知,空白处作谓语,carved和painted是动词-ed形式作定语,不能作为本句的谓语。结合前后句可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,因此空白处应用feature的过去式。故填featured。
3.(2023·北京卷) Up t nw, China_________________(establish) a number f prtected areas with mangrves.解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了许多红树林保护区。由Up t nw(到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has。故填has established。
has established
4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He quickly _______(thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut. 解析:考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处与and后的started构成并列结构,应用一般过去时。故填threw。
5.(2022·全国乙卷)The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety ___________(address) the pening ceremny. 解析:考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语。此处描述的是过去发生的事情,该句应用一般过去时。故填addressed。
6.(2022·浙江1月卷)But Cbb and thers _____(be) nw questining that idea—pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and changing their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 解析: 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境和空后的nw questining可知,设空处所在句的时态为现在进行时,且主语表示复数意义。故填are。
7.(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics—many f them climate scientists— _____________(prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag. 解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从句since the effrt started tw years ag可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语表示复数意义。故填have prmised。
have prmised
8.(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It ___________(build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复). 解析:分析句子结构可知,设空处为谓语,主语It指代上文中的The Xi'an City Wall,与动词build之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;又由时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知,该句用一般过去时,主语为第三人称单数,谓语应用单数。故填was built。
9.(2022·浙江1月卷)Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane ___________________________(view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、研讨会之类的事情来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
is viewed/has been viewed
10.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu can't help wndering hw hard it _____ (be)fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:你不禁要问,当时的人们要把这些石头放好有多难。根据时间状语then,可知描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,主语为it。故填was。
11.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrte” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;ne f + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数。故填was。
12.(2021·浙江卷)It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, _______________________ (prve)irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.
has prved/has prven
解析:考查动词的时态。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it pened t the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have+过去分词;主语Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prve 的过去分词形式是prved或prven。故填 has prved/has prven。
13.(2021·浙江卷) Mary's niece wrte, “The little hme ___________ (paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it.”解析:考查动词的被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little hme作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据下文的was,lved可知,此处也为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little hme是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
was painted
14.(2021·浙江卷)After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and ______ (sell)mst f their furniture.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起作并列谓语;根据时间状语in 1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sld。故填sld。
15.(2021·浙江1月卷)The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in wmen and men. In cities, hwever, the gain _____ (be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men.解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时。故填was。
16.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang'e-4 prbe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess—_________ (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时。故填tuched。
17.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, “because it _______ (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn _______________ (cnstruct).”
is cnstructed
解析:考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means。故填means。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语cnstruct与主语the mn之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the mn是单数。故填is cnstructed。
18.(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers _________ (carry) special significance.解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decrating with plants, fruits and flwers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
19.(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)The artist was sure he wuld ___________ (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr's chief minister, the ld man laughed.解析:考查动词的语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词chse构成被动关系,且wuld后跟动词原形。故填be chsen。
20.(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (pint) dwn the river.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pinted。
21.(2020·山东卷)The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, ________ (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum which pened in 1759.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in 1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填frmed。
22.(2020·山东卷)The parts f a museum pen t the public _________ (call) galleries r rms.解析:考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时;主语the parts与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
23.(2020·山东卷)Often, nly a small part f a museum's cllectin ____ (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part f a museum's cllectin是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
24.(2020·浙江卷)By abut 6000 BC,peple ____________(discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise.解析:考查动词的时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用谓语动词。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。“by + 过去时间”(by译为“到……为止”),后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discvered。
had discvered
25.(2023·四川省高职单招)The building which ____________(build) will be the highest ne in Chngqing.解析:考查动词时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意:正在建造的大楼将是重庆最高的大楼。分析句子可知,此处为which引导的限制性定语从句中谓语动词的填入,关系代词which指代先行词The building和从句谓语动词build为被动关系,结合句意可知,此处为表示“现在正在建造”为现在进行时,所以为现在进行时的被动语态结构。故填is being built。
is being built
Ⅱ.语法填空时态与主谓一致篇The first z___________________(establish) arund 3,500 years ag by an Egyptian queen fr her persnal enjyment.Five hundred years later,a Chinese emperr _________(build) a huge z t shw his pwer and wealth.Later zs were set up fr the purpse f studying animals.
1.was established
Sme f the early Eurpean zs_____________(cnsist) f dark hles r dirty cages,the bad cnditins f which made peple disgusted.Later the zs _________________(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and _______________(keep) in gd cnditin.These places became the first mdern zs.As early as the 1940s,scientists ______________(understand) that many kinds f wild animals faced extinctin.Since then,zs _______________________________(try) t save many endangered species,but relying n zs ___________(save) species is nt enugh.The best methd f prtectin is t leave them in their natural habitat.
4.were replaced
5.(were) kept
7.have tried/have been trying
Tday,animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and_________________(watch) carefully fr any signs f disease with specially trained keepers lking after them and sme hspitals where they can be treated when ill,and all the animals there live a cmfrtable life.Anyway,it is true that z breeding prgrams ________________(play) an imprtant rle in prtecting many species f wildlife nw.语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物园是怎样产生的,先是有权势的人建造了属于自己的动物园,后是建动物园是为了研究动物。
9.(are) watched
10.are playing
解析:1.考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语“arund 3,500 years ag”可知是过去时态。主语The first z和谓语动词establish 是被动关系。故填was established。2.考查动词的时态。句中“five hundred years later”是过去的时间状语,谓语需要用过去式。故填 built。3.考查动词的时态。本句话的语境是过去,谓语动词用过去式。故填cnsisted。
4.考查动词的时态和语态。主语the zs和谓语动词replace 为被动关系,并且是过去时态。故填were replaced。5.考查动词的时态和语态。animals 与keep之间为被动关系且描述过去的情况,故用一般过去时的被动语态,此处是并列谓语,前面已有be动词were,故可以省略were。故填(were) kept。6.考查动词的时态。as early as the 1940s是过去的时间状语,谓语要用过去式。故填 understd。
7.考查动词的时态。时间状语为since then,谓语常用现在完成时,此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行。故填have tried/have been trying。8.考查非谓语动词。rely n sb.t d sth.“依靠某人做某事”为固定结构。故填t save。9.考查动词的时态和语态。主语animals和谓语动词watch 是被动关系,且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系。故填(are) watched。10.考查动词的时态。由时间状语nw可知,此处应该使用现在进行时。故填are playing。
Ⅲ.写作运用(根据汉语提示完成下面短文,注意动词的时态和语态的运用)Hell, everyne! I wuld like t share with yu my first travel (去年暑假,我和几个同学一起参加了与一所美国学校的交流项目).During ur visit, we stayed in hst families, which gave us an pprtunity t learn abut American sciety.The main part f ur prgram was t experience the schl life.
Last summer vacatin, I, tgether with several classmates, tk part in an exchange prgram with an American schl
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