专题03 冠词考点聚焦和精讲-【一轮复习】备战2024年中考英语一轮复习讲义(人教版)
展开不定冠词a与an的用法;
定冠词the的用法;
3、“零”冠词的用法。
一 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。
不定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。
There is dg lying n the grund.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。
elephant is much strnger than man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。
He is teacher f English.(他是英语教师。)
(4) 表示“一”这个数量。
There is table and fur chairs in that dining-rm.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语:
a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lt (许多), a kind f(一种), a pair f(一副、一双), a number f(大量的), a piece f (一张、一片), half an hur(半小时), have a gd time(玩得开心), have a cld(感冒), make a nise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。
二 定冠词用法
定冠词的基本用法:
(1)表示特指的人或事物。
The man with a flwer in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)
(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
Lk at the blackbard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)
(3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。
There is a man under the tree. The man is called Rbert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)
(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。
The earth turns arund the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)
(5)用在表示方位的名词前面。
There will be strng wind t the suth f the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)
(6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。
Wh is the first ne t g?(谁第一个去?)
Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest t the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)
(7)常用在乐器名称的前面。
He began t play the vilin at the age f 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)
(8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。
I have never been t the Himalaya Muntains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)
(9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。
He is frm the United States f America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。
The Greens are ging t Munt Emei next mnth.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)
(11)same之前一般用the。
Lucy and Lily lk the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)
(12)几个用定冠词的习语:
at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),n the way(在路上)等等。
三 不用冠词的情况(即“零”冠词的用法)
(1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。
China is a very large cuntry.(中国是个大国)
Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)
(2)名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。
My pen is much mre expensive than yurs.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)
(3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。
He was brn n Mnday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一)
They usually plant trees n the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)
(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。
Men are cleverer than mnkeys.(人比猴子聪明)
(5)三餐饭前不用。
We have breakfast at hme and lunch at schl.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)
(6)节、假日前一般不用。
On Children’s Day the bys ften get presents frm their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)
(7)球类名词前不用。
The children play ftball n Saturday afternns.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)
(8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。
They are nw at Peple’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)
(9)一些习惯用语中不用。
⑴ at / t / frm / ut f / after / fr schl; ⑵ in / t / fr / after class; ⑶in / t / ut f / int bed; ⑷ after / at/ frm / ut f / t wrk; ⑸ at / t sea; ⑹ in / frm / dwn / t twn; ⑺ at / frm hme; ⑻ at / fr / t breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/nn/midnight; ⑽ n ft; ⑾ g t schl/bed; ⑿ n tp f; ⒀ in frnt f; ⒁ n shw/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / ut f hspital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ n/in time; ⒅ at first/last/nce; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care f
四.冠词的位置
⑴ 通常情况:冠词位于名词前,若名词前有形容词修饰,冠词要放在形容词之前。
a beautiful flwer; an hur。
⑵ 特殊情况:
①不定冠词在half, such, what, many之后。
such a nice girl (=s nice a girl) // half an hur
Many a student has passed the exam. (= Many students have passed the exam.)
What a beautiful flwer! (= Hw beautiful a flwer!)
②不定冠词在as, s, hw, t修饰的形容词之后。
Hw cld a day it is! (= What a cld day it is!)
③副词quite和rather可置于不定冠词之前。
It’s quite a nice hrse. (=It’s a very nice hrse) // It’s rather a ht day tday. (=It’s a very ht day tday)
④当名词由bth或all, whle修饰时,定冠词须放在bth或all之后, whle 之前。
all the students, bth the children, the whle stry
题组1 用适当的冠词填空
1. Ed went t study art in Paris and became artist.
2.Yur best friend is telling yu jke, but yu can't catch it!
3.And my father is engineer. He is busy every day, but he tries t spend mre time with us.
4.But fish live in very different wrld frm us.
5.Li Wen lives with his grandparents in the cuntryside. He is 14-year-ld by.
6.It was first develped in China as wushu, but it's becming ne f mst ppular sprts arund the wrld.
7.In the kitchen,there was surprise fr Claudi—his favrite pancakes.
8.What's amazing is that Beth hasn't ever been t drum lessn.
9.But with scial-distancing(社交距离)rules in United States, many summer camps face difficult decisins.
10.Fr first time in his life, Mr Happy lst his smile.
11.I tk him t cmputer in my rm and said,“Right here.”
12.Sme had practiced with private chess teachers, but Tani had practiced n flr f the hmeless shelter alne.
13.Jseph has written bk called Facing the Lin. In the bk, he talks abut his childhd.
14.Flrence was unusual yung wman fr her time, because she didn't want t g t parties and get married.
15.There is ancient castle(城堡)and we're ging there next week.
题组2填空题
1.The United Natins is internatinal rganizatin, which is meant t encurage cuntries t wrk tgether n different pinins withut the use f war.
2.Each student tried t describe the black dt, but n ne wrte abut white area arund the dt.
3.And bamb played imprtant rle in it.
4.Wuhan is ne f largest and mst beautiful cities in China.
5.Sn, anther bus driver and ambulance(救护车) arrived t help. They sent the driver t the hspital.
6.Wish the train culd be less nisy?There might be slutin fr yu.
7.Wang Dewen, great Chinese wdwrker, lives in Wuzhu,Suth China's Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin.
8.Then he went t the market, but nbdy wanted t pay a gld cin fr such ugly ring.
9.Then he handed his sn bag. Inside the bag were clthes, sme fd, a little mney and a map.
10.Later that night, I made decisin.
11.The amazing ne was that they had t exchange things wrth thusands f yuan with nly a piece f paper in half hur.
12.Then strng ld farmer, named Peter, came alng.
13.But the bttle was t slippery(滑的) and he drpped it. kitchen flr was cvered in milk.
14.Many peple welcme the city's grwth. But number f Dubai natives wrry abut the speed f change.
题组3.选择题
1.(2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题)—D yu knw Jurney t the West?
—Yes. It’s ________ interesting bk. I like it very much.
A.aB.anC.theD./
2.(2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题)I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wnderful film.
A.aB.anC.theD./
3.(2023·山东东营·统考中考真题)After taking ________ class frm Tiangng space statin n Octber 12th, 2022, I became interested in science.
A.aB.anC.theD./
4.(2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)—Betty began t play ________ vilin at the age f fur.
—N wnder she plays s well.
A.aB.anC.theD./
5.(2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题)James is _______ hard-wrking engineer. His spirit encurages us.
A.aB.anC.theD./
6.(2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题)The spirit f Lei Feng always encurages us t give ________ hand t thers.
A.aB.anC.theD.不填
7.(2023·新疆·中考真题)—Have yu heard f Xu Fengcan, ___________ excellent pilt?
—Yes, she made every effrt n ___________ way t grwing int a real pilt.
A.the;/B.the;aC.an;theD.an;/
8.(2023·辽宁营口·中考真题)China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent t Beijing Z in ________ May.
A.a; aB.a; theC.the; aD.a; /
9.(2023·吉林·统考中考真题)Jenny rdered a hamburger and ________ hamburger was nice.
A.aB.anC.the
10.(2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)Bb is my brther. He likes playing ________ basketball, but he desn’t like playing ________ pian.
A.the; aB./; theC.an; the
11.(2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题)—I’d like t help kids with their schlwrk.
—Yu culd vlunteer in ________ after-schl study prgram t teach them.
A.theB.anC.a
12.(2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题)—Is this yur pen?
—N, it isn’t. ________ red ne is mine.
A.AB.AnC.The
题组4.语法选择
There were tw men wh lived next t each ther. One f them was a retired teacher and 1 ther was 2 insurance agent (保险代理人). Bth f them had planted many different plants in their gardens. 3 retired teacher rarely watered his plants and didn't pay 4 lt f attentin t them. But 5 his neighbr was very careful with his plants and watered them ften.
The retired teacher's plants were small, but still lked kay, while the insurance agent's plants were much bigger and greener. One night, there was heavy rain and wind due t 6 minr (较小的) strm. 7 next mrning, bth f the neighbrs came ut t check n their gardens. The insurance agent saw that his plants had been ripped frm 8 grund and were ttally destryed. But the retired teacher's plants were nt damaged at all but std firm.
The insurance agent was surprised. He went t cnsult (咨询) the retired teacher. “We bth grew 9 same plants and I cared fr my plants better than yu did. Hw culd yur plants still be kay?”
The retired teacher smiled and said, “Because yu gave yur plants t much attentin. Yu made it t easy fr them t grw. I gave my plants just 10 little bit f water, s their rts had t grw deeper t absrb (吸收) mre water. That is why my plants survived.”
1.A.a B.an C.the D./
2.A.a B.an C.the D./
3.A.A B.An C.The D./
4.A.a B.an C.the D./
5.A.a B.an C.the D./
6.A.a B.an C.the D./
7.A.A B.An C.The D./
8.A.a B.an C.the D./
9.A.a B.an C.the D./
10.A.a B.an C.the D./
题组5.短文填空
When yu catch 1 endangered animal, it's right t set it free.
2 fisherman went abve and beynd t save 3 dlphin after catching it in his net by accident. Many peple gt tgether t watch as 4 fisherman freed the dlphin frm the net and then put it safely back int the water.
It tk place in Purnia, India, n July 3, Suthwest News Service reprted.The animal was a Ganges River dlphin, 5 kind f endangered species(濒危物种) prtected by the Indian Wildlife Act.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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