2024年英语中考题型专项复习资料

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1) 主题型主旨大意题The main idea f the passage is …The passage is mainly abut …What is the passage mainly abut?What can we learn frm the passage?2) 目的类主旨大意题The writer mainly wants passage is meant t …The purpse f this article is t …3) 标题类主旨大意题The best title fr the passage might be …
Questin frms abut the main idea
Ways t get the main idea
The first emperr f China, Qin Shihuang, cmpleted a huge number f prjects during his rule. Between 221 and 210 B. C., he started the building f the Great Wall. The emperr als rdered the building f a huge army f life-sized terractta sldiers (士兵). These, he hped, wuld prtect his tmb after his death. Lst in Time The sldiers in Xi’an’s terractta museum are tday light brwn, but they weren’t always. They began as an army f red, blue, yellw, green, white, and purple. Sadly, mst f the clrs did nt last t the present day. After being expsed (暴露)t air during digging, the cating under the paint began t fall ff. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes t bil an egg, taking away with it imprtant pieces f histry. New Technlgy Nw new technlgy is starting t shw the army’s true clrs. Archelgists (考古学家) have recently discvered an area with mre than a hundred sldiers. Many f these still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black r brwn eyes. Chinese and German researchers have develped a chemical liquid (液体)t help save the sldiers’ clrs. After finding a sldier r anther art piece, archelgists put the liquid n it. They then cver it in plastic. Back t Life Archelgists are als finding clrs in the dirt arund the sldiers. It’s imprtant nt t d anything with the dirt, s the clrs wn’t be lst. “We are treating the dirt as an art piece,” says Rng B, the museum’s leading archelgist. The next challenge, says Rng B, is t find a way t use the clrs nt the army-again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperr Qin’s army back t its full, bright clrs. (2021浙江湖州)What is the passage mainly abut? A. The death f Emperr Qin Shihuang. B. Hw the terractta army was clred. C. The true clrs f the terractta sldiers. D. Hw the sldiers lived during Qin Dynasty.
High—frequency wrds
Tpic sentence
1）主题段（tpic paragraph） 概括全文内容，点明全文中心思想的段落就是主题段。通常，说明文和议论文有主题段，主题段往往是文章的第一或前一、二段。2）支撑段（supprting paragraph） 严格地讲，这是一种还可以细分为若干小类的段落。这类段落旨在支撑文章的主题，使其具体化，形象化。这类段落通常对文章的主题进行解释、说明或细致的描写、叙述。3）过渡段（transitinal paragraph） 有时文章的内容从一个观点、一个方面过渡或转变到另一个观点、另一个方面，表示这种过渡或转变的段落就是过渡段。过渡段表示文章内容的对照、对比或转移等。了解这类段落的作用有助于全面理解文章。4）结论段（cnclusin paragraph） 在一些文章中，作者在最后一段或几段对全文进行总结，对文章涉及的方方面面进行归纳或提出结论性意见或设想，这样的段落就是结论段。
一个结构完整的段落是由一些表达统一思想的句子，通过一定语言手段组织起来的基本意义单位。段落中一个必不可少的要素就是段落的主旨大意或中心思想（central thught）或论点（thesis）。段落中概括中心思想的句子就叫主题句（tpic sentence）。主题句一般具有三个特点： 1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其他句子来看，这种概括性更为明显； 2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式； 3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
1. 主题句在段首。 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。
After reading s much, yu may wnder hw t make a bk. It’s time fr yu t have a try! Have yu ever wndered hw a bk is made? It takes a lt f peple t make a bk. It can take mnths, r even years, fr a bk t g frm an idea t a finished prduct. A bk begins when an authr cmes up with an idea fr a bk. Authrs get ideas in different ways. They may get ideas frm their wn lives, frm watching the wrld arund them, r frm reading. Next, an authr may plan the bk by making an utline (提纲). Smetimes authrs d research t gather infrmatin. They may read bks r articles. They may interview peple r visit places. Then, the authr begins t write. Authrs may write fr mnths r years t finish a manuscript. A manuscript is the text an authr prduces fr publicatin. Finally, the authr sends the cmpleted manuscript t a publisher. If the publisher decides t publish the bk, the authr wrks with an editr. An editr reads the manuscript. Then he r she recmmends changes t imprve the bk. A cpy editr reads the manuscript t crrect any grammatical mistake. After an authr makes the suggested changes, a designer may decide hw the bk will lk. The designer may chse the size, shape, and type styles fr the bk. Sme picture bk authrs create their wn illustratins(插图). If nt, an illustratr is chsen t create pictures fr the bk. The illustratr makes sketches f pictures that will g n each page. The sketches are sent t the publishing cmpany. The editr makes sure the pictures clearly tell the stry. The designer checks hw the wrds and pictures will fit tgether n the pages. After the design changes are made, the illustratr begins creating the final pictures. He r she may change the clurs, the perspective, r the cmpsitin f pictures. It may take mnths t create all the pictures. The finished art is then sent t the publisher. The designer adjusts(调整) hw the pictures and wrds fit tgether n the pages. The cmpleted pages are sent t the printer. Many bks are still made int bks with paper pages. The printer uses huge printing presses t make the pages. The pages are fixed tgether. The bk cver is added. The finished bks are then sent t the publisher’s warehuse. They are stred there until they are bught by libraries and bkstres. E-readers have changed hw sme bks are made. Sme authrs d nt use a publisher at all. Instead f sending a manuscript t a publisher, sme authrs turn their manuscripts int eBks themselves. Finally, an authr’s eBk is upladed(上传) t virtual bkstres n the Internet. Custmers can buy and dwnlad eBks frm these websites. （2021南京）
tpic sentence
What is the best title fr the passage?Frm Idea t BkB. Different Kinds f BksC. Wrkers in the Publishing HuseD. Between Publishers and Custmers
“Why d I live? Why d I wish fr anything，r d anything？ Is there anything in my life that will nt be destryed by my death？” Like Le Tlsty, the famus Russian writer, many peple ask these difficult questins. Tlsty spent his whle life trying t answer these difficult questins.As a yung man, he thught peple culd achieve perfectin if they tried hard enugh. S he wrked very hard t be the best in everything. He thught that he wuld find meaning and truth in success. In the 1850s, Tlsty wrte his first stries. He wrte abut his life in the army. He als tld stries abut his childhd. These wrks were published and Tlsty became a well﹣knwn writer. He earned the respect he always wanted. Many rich and smart men met and talked with Tlsty. Sme f them were writers like him. They talked a lt abut faith (信仰) and the meaning f life. But sn Tlsty recgnized that these men were nt perfect. Nw he knew they culd nt answer his questins abut faith. S in the 1860s, Tlsty tried a different way t find the meaning f life. He pened a schl fr the children f his serfs﹣the peple wh wrked n his land. These wrkers were very pr. He wanted t help them because he thught they were mre hnest than the rich peple he knew.Tlsty learned a lt frm his wrkers. He understd hw they wrked hard t supprt their families. He began t believe that marriage and family wuld give his life meaning. S in 1862，Le Tlsty married a yung wman named Snya Behrs. The next 15 years were the best years f Tlsty‘s life. It was during this time that he wrte his mst famus bks-War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Many experts say that War and Peace is ne f the greatest bks ever written. In these bks, Tlsty believed humans shuld live a simple life and take care f their families. Tlsty thught this wuld satisfy him and bring him happiness. Le Tlsty is still a very respected writer tday. His faith and writings have influenced many peple all ver the wrld. （2019 泰州市中考）
What des the passage mainly talk abut?A．Le Tlsty: Living fr writing. B．Le Tlsty: Influencing the wrld.C．Le Tlsty: Being the best in everything. D．Le Tlsty: Searching fr the meaning f life.
2. 主题句出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后自然得出结论，即段落的主题。
The natural wrld is clrful with humans, plants and animals shwing different clrs.Human skin can be many different clrs and it changes with the sun, ur feelings r ur health fr example. This is because f pigments(色素), which reflect light and make what the eye sees as clrs. S, when we feel excited r angry, ur heart can send mre bld t the face and the pigments in the skin becme red. This is why we have the expressin that smene “sees red” when they are angry.Plants als have pigments. Clr is imprtant fr them t live n. The bright clrs f flwers catch the attentin f insects(昆虫), which then carry their pllen(花粉) frm ne flwer t anther. Bees can see clrs we cannt, and they fllw these t the inside f the flwer. Withut bees visiting flwers in this way, many plants wuld die ut.Animals als use clr fr their wn need. They prtect themselves with different clrs s as nt t be seen by predatrs. The snwshe hare fr example, a type f wild rabbit, changes clr with seasns fr this reasn. During summer it is a brwn clr, and in winter it is white s that it can hide in the snw. Hwever, sme animals use clr as a warning t make predatrs stay away. Bright clrs such as yellw and red are ften used in this way. Nature, hwever, is very clever, and predatrs als use clrs t attract(吸引) the animals they feed n.S, we can see that there may be many different reasns and uses fr clrs in the natural wrld. Sme uses f clr in nature remain unknwn, but ne thing is fr sure, clr nt nly makes ur planet beautiful but it is als necessary fr ur planet t live n. （2021浙江嘉兴）
cnclusin---tpic sentence
What is the main purpse f the passage?T describe animals’ ways f life.B. T encurage us t study clr in nature.C. T intrduce the uses f clrs fr life n earth.D. T explain the imprtance f prtecting ur planet.
Sme researchers explain hw mst peple frm their scial grups with peple f their age. Especially,... Even in a cllege classrm, the students may nt make friends with thse wh have similar persnalities and interests. It's the peple they really sit next Over the past ten mnths, I’ve paid Ryan, it Famus writer f several bestselling bks,... Like Ryan, my business partner Richard has wnderful ideas and far different experience than I have. ... In a wrd, yu need t stay with thse peple wh can help yu realize yur level and ptential. Staying with peple wh have higher standards is the fastest way fr yu t writer mainly wants t tell us that ________________.A. we can imprve ur wrking abilities by urselvesB. we must pay attentin t ur talent and ptentialC. we’d better make friends with thse wh can hld us t higher levelsD. we shuld stay with thse wh have similar persnalities and interests
Trees in cities “live fast but die yung”cmpared t frests in the cuntryside, warns a new study. Researchers fund that trees in cities die yunger than nes in the cuntryside because f the higher levels f CO2. City-living trees suffer(遭受) a lss f carbn strage(碳储量). That means trees prduce less energy frm the air. Nw researchers say mre must be dne t deal with the situatin. Ian Smith, a PhD student f Bstn University in the United States, said, “Cities are in the imprtant psitin in fighting against rising temperatures and increasing CO2.”. “We find that tree planting alne may nt be enugh t keep and increase city canpy cver(树冠覆盖率). Because f the age and size f the present canpy, effrts t imprve and prtect tree health are badly needed fr increasing city tree cver and canpy cver.” The research team used a mdel t watch changes amng street trees fr several planting and management methds. Researchers als used the mdel t watch tree grwth, death and planting rates(率)bth amng trees in Bstn city and frests in the cuntryside in Massachusetts. It was discvered that rates f carbn cycling and grwth rates amng city trees were nearly fur times faster than thse in the cuntryside. Hwever, lss f carbn strage and death rates are als higher, especially death rates are mre than duble higher than thse in cuntryside frests. The study, published in PLOS ONE, has reminded scientists t encurage cmmunities t d mre t plant and prtect trees. It is imprtant t increase city canpy cver and carbn strage. Researchers say planting and prtecting will be needed t make sure cities can develp healthily, but mre needs t be dne t have a better understanding f city trees ---which may be different frm cuntryside frests. (2019 扬州市中考）
The writer's main purpse f writing the passage is ____________.A. t teach us hw t imprve and prtect tree healthB. t warn us that trees in cities live fast but die yungC. t let us have a better understanding f city treesD. t tell us t take actin t increase city canpy cver
1)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but, yet, hwever, in fact, indeed,”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。  2) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：“s, in shrt, abve/in/after/all in all, in cnclusin, in a wrd”等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。  3) 如果主题句含有shw和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。 
3. 主题句在段落中间。 当主题句被安排在段中间时，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
Fr as lng as we can remember, ne f the mst ppular ways parents use t punish their children has been the “time ut”. It seems that it is a gd idea: the child sits n his wn t reflect(反思) n what he has dne. Then, when the time is up, he will aplgize and learn frm the mistake. Hwever, just because it’s smething that’s been dne fr years, that desn’t mean it is the right thing t d. In fact, very ften, children dn’t sit nicely and think abut what they’ve dne. Instead, they need t be tld a few (r many) times t g back t their places and stay quiet. They’re nt reflecting n why they are in the “time ut” at all. Mre likely than nt, they’re prbably just really angry, and ‘s’ are the parents. In the end, bth the parents and the children make each ther unhappy, r even angry. What can parents d t change this situatin? Yu may have already heard f things like peaceful parenting(育儿) and gentle parenting. These fcus n the relatinship between parent and child thrugh building trust and lve. S, instead f starting a “time ut”, try smething called “time in”. A “time in” needs bth parent and child t stay clse until bth get calm. After that, the parent, and child can discuss what happened and slve the prblem tgether. If the child can make changes, everyne can then mve n. As we all knw, punishment and vilence(暴力) seldm wrk and will never teach the children what the right way t act is. A “time in” can be the great time fr the children t learn thrugh mistakes, Kids learn hw t build their emtinal and scial skills thrugh difficult situatins. S, instead f punishing them fr acting their age, we can use chances t teach and guide them t a place f learning. A “time in” may take mre time, but it des wrk. （2021浙江金华）
Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?Why nt “time in”?B. Learn frm mistakesC. “Time ut” r “time in”?D. N vilence at hme!
The red siskin hlds a special place in Venezuela(委内瑞拉). Pictures f the bird appear n the cuntry’s mney, n prducts and in schl textbks. The “Little Cardinal”, as the bird is called by the lcals, is lved by Venezuelans. But recently, the small sng birds are disappearing frm the wild. Once fund in millins, as few as 300 remain in the wild in Venezuela. The male siskin is valued fr its red feathers and black head. Hunters, even the lcal farmers, ften catch and sell the birds fr mney. Prtectin under Venezuelan law has nt stpped hunters frm catching the birds t sell n an illegal(非法的) internatinal market. Meanwhile, mre and mre frests are being cut dwn t plant ther crps. That threat(威胁) has brught attentin frm an internatinal team. The team includes scientists frm the Smithsnian Institutin in Washingtn D. C. and cffee farmers in Venezuela’s muntains. They hpe t save the bird with the help f the farmers. An effective(有效的) plan has been made t have farmers plant rganic cffee plants. Such cffee plants are cvered with branches which make gd resting places fr the birds. Planting rganic cffee crps with branches stps farmers frm increasing prductin by thinning their cffee crps t let mre sun nt their fields. Farmers wh meet the prject’s rules will win the right t sell their beans with “Bird Friendly” labels. They will be able t set prices fr such “high quality” prducts that can be five times higher than legal prices set by the gvernment. At the same time, a red siskin breeding(繁殖) center is being built at a private z in Venezuela where 200 birds are expected t be brn next year. This number will be added t the 25 siskins at the Smithsnian Institutin. Red siskins frm the center will be placed in the cffee frests. These effrts culd prevent the birds frm disappearing. There are reprts f early success. Abut 40 farmers in the muntains f Carayaca, nrthwest f the capital Caracas, have stpped cutting dwn trees, a mve that will help the siskin t get away frm the dangerus situatin.
Which can be the best title fr the passage? Saving Red Siskin B. Mre Cffee Plants, Mre Birds C. Red Siskin Disappearing D. Red Siskin, Venezuelans’ Favurite