中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解

这是一份中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解，共13页。试卷主要包含了考点分析，专题详解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
首字母填空在中考和一模二模中所占的分值比重较大，为固定分值14分，7个空。它是阅读理解部分里最难的一部分，也是学生特别容易失分的题型。它不仅考察学生的词汇量，同时也检测了学生的综合运用能力。因此掌握好首字母填空的解题技巧非常重要。
二、专题详解
首字母填空解题技巧：
1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断句子成分。
3.判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性，缩小范围。
4.联系上下文，找关键信息推测出答案。
5.通读短文，检查答案。注意时态，语法，以及词性等问题。
上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计
从统计表中不难看出，考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。
具体做题方法：
（一） 从词性考查角度分析：
1. 名词：单复数形式, 所有格的用法
1. September 10th is Teachers’ Day.
2.In autumn after a strng wind, the grund is ften cvered with fallen leaves.
2. 动词：时态 语态的变化
3.We culd nt run faster than cheetahs , s we _invented__(发明)cars and nw we can mve the fastest
4.When yu laugh ,yu will pen___ yur muth and yur teeth.
3. 形容词、副词：比较等级的用法
5. Last Sunday，we played h_appily_____ in the park, thugh we were very tired.
6.Summer is the httest seasn f the year.
4. 代词：单复数 人称代词 反身代词 指示代词 关系代词 不定代词 等的用法
7. Help yurself t sme fish，Jim.
8. Mrs Green said t the twins .”Help yurselves t sme fish please. ”
9.This bk belngs t Mary. It is hers.
5. 连词：并列与从属连词的用法
10.Fr years, we played ther peple’s sngs, but nw we play mstly ur wn sngs.
11. She didn’t g t schl yesterday ,because she was ill.
（二） 从句子成分角度分析
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。
(1)对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。
1. T _______ are helpful t students. They always try their best t help their students.
2. Tm is f great imprtance fr Amy. S h______ is mre imprtant t Amy than mney.
3. Sme famus s_______ are ging t give lectures in ur university in August. We are glad t knw mre abut science.
4. F _______ is my favrite sprt. It shws the spirit f team wrk.
5. C_______ stamps is my hbby.
此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。
eg: The rich are nt always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。
(2) 对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。要注意时态和语态的问题。
Jhn was standing n the step f a huse. An ld wman c________ ver t him. “My by,” she a_____ , “Is yur father at hme?” “Yes,” a_______ Jhn. The wman b________ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was n answer. At last she t_____ back t Jhn and s______ angrily, “Didn’t yu s______ that yur father was at hme?” “I did”, answered Jhn, “but this i_______ my huse.”
时态:
1. 一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式
一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式
3. 现在进行时,考虑动词的现在分词形式
4. 现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式（与动词的过去式的规则变化相同，不规则的要单独记忆）
(3) 对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词或代词。
1. Mr. Chen was surprised t see the fast d________ in Shanghai after his lng absence frm the city.
2. The frnt is in great need f medical w_____.because there are s many injured sldiers.
3. Thank yu fr yur k_______. Withut yur help,I will nt wrk ut the prblem.
4. At last he sld his i______. He has invented it fr a lng time.
(4) 对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 t d ,ding 或 dne 的形式。
1. It is i______ fr an rdinary plane t fly t the mn.
2.The sick man is getting w______.Maybe he will die sn.
3. Patrick is ging t be a(n) mechanical e______ when he grws up. He thinks mechine is full f charming
4. Such cld weather is quite u_____ in May and peple have t wear warm clthes again.
5. It’s a p______ t have a picnic with all the members.
(5) 对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 t d ,ding 或 dne 的形式。
1. The f_______ exams usually take place at the end f June.
2. On a c_____ night, yu can see thusands f stars in the sky.
3. In f______ weather, the ld had better stay at hme.
4. The French artist said, “It is my f_____ time t visit Shanghai. I lve this city s much and I hpe that I will have the chance cme back again.
5. Mst peple dn’t like s________ fd.but I think it’s delicius.
6. Wh is yur C________ teacher?
(6) 对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 t d ,ding 或 dne 的形式。
1. The ld lady culd hardly believe that she had gt the travel pass t Hng Kng s e______.She remembered it was hard.
2. Watch c______, and yu will find the difference between the tw pictures.
3. After flying in the strm fr nearly ne hur, the helicpter landed s______ at last.
(7) 对连词的判断:
1. Wrk harder, a__________ yu’ll make great prgress in English.
2. My jb is t prtect the inncent as well a______find the guilty.
3. E_________ yu __________ he can g t the cinema, but yu cannt g tgether because I have nly ne ticket.
4. I’ll give yu a call as sn a_______ I get t Japan.
分析：在英语中, 并列连词and, but, r, s , nt nly…but als, either …r, neither…nr, as well as, bth… and等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 而从属连词则连接主句与从句。
（一）和（二） 综合运用：
结合词性和充当句子成分综合分析，对词性、词义、词形综合运用
Mr. Wu is getting ld. He is l_______ the schl sn. The s_______ in his class have given h______a lt f p_____. Amng t______are cards, nte-bks, phts and bks. Mst f the cards are m______by the students themselves.
Phts will h_____ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_________ when he was with his students. Next week, t________ will have a p_______ t s ______ gdbye t him.
（三） 其他做题思路：
（1） 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如…W his help, the ld man was safe. The by thanked him very much. 从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”， with his help.
（2） 依据语法知识进行填词：如…It was a l earlier. 从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级，我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，前面有a,那肯定就是little.
（3） 依据常识的积累进行填词：如…But it was t late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nthing but nly ne wrd “S .” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S .”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填srry.
（4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如： One Sunday afternn, Mr. White drve his new car t his friend’s huse happily. He wanted t p his friend up at five and then went t see a new mvie tgether. 根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.
练习
中考首字母填空思路点拨
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds (在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺, 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给):
（一）
Christpher and Jeff had knwn each ther since childhd. One day, Jeff tld his friend that he'd fallen in lve and planned t get married the n 89 mnth. He asked Christpher t lend him $ 1, 000 fr the wedding party, and prmised t pay him back a mnth later when he started his new jb. Christpher knew that Jeff was nt very gd with mney, but he s 90 agreed. As they were ld friends, they didn't put anything in writing.
A mnth later, Christpher hadn't heard frm Jeff r received any mney, s 91 he phned him. Jeff was very aplgetic and said he wuld surely pay him back within a mnth. Six weeks later, Christpher tried t phne Jeff and f 92 he had mved and left n link address. B 93 this time, he was angry.
Then ne mnth later, t his surprise, Christpher received a cheque( 支票)fr $ 100 frm Jeff and a letter giving his new address. He explained that he'd been having mney p 94 , and wuldn't be able t pay back the remaining $ 900 fr sme time. Christpher wrte back telling Jeff t frget the r 95 f the mney and never t reach him again by message r telephne.
答案： 89. next 90. still 91. s 92. fund 93. By 94. prblem(s) 95. rest

（二）
Reading bks is a gd hbby fr all kinds f reasns.
First, reading bks is f__93__. Yu can always keep yurself amused if yu like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a relaxing hbby t. Yu can really becme lst in a bk.
Next, yu can read a bk a__94_: in a car, in a waiting-rm, n a plane, in bed — even in the bath. All yu need is a bk! Reading is a cnvenient hbby as it is easy t stp and then start again.
A__95__ gd reasn fr reading bks is that it is useful. If yu read as a hbby yu will get better and better at it. This m__96_ that yu will read faster and will becme better at understanding what yu read. As yur reading imprves, yu will prbably find yur schlwrk becmes much e__97__. Many schl subjects depend n gd reading and, as yu read, yu learn mre and mre.
Sme peple say that reading is ut f date. This is nt true. Yu have t be able t read t use a cmputer and, the better yu read, the better yur cmputer skills will be. Reading is h__98__ ut f date!
Gd readers are mst likely t be gd writers, t. They are usually gd at spelling as well, and have mre things t write abut. Reading bks is a wnderful hbby, ne f the best.W__99__ ther hbby culd be mre useful, r mre enjyable!
答案：93. fun; 94. anywhere; 95. Anther; 96. means; 97. easier; 98. hardly; 99. What
(三)
When the Lndn Undergrund ges n strike (罢工), my jurney t wrk can be terrible. I remember a strike which happened a few years a 104 — the statin near my huse was clsed and I had t use anther statin and take a different train. This a 105 abut an hur t my jurney, s I wasn’t very happy.
E 106 went wrng at the statin. Peple were late and they were panicking (惊恐)! By the time I gt n the train, I was feeling upset and srry fr myself. Then I saw this man. There was smething abut him — he had such a familiar f 107 . A few minutes later, I realized that he was Jack, a friend frm my schl days in Sctland. At the same time he a 108 realized wh I was. Then we started talking abut schl days and the peple we bth used t k 109 . I was even mre surprised when the train came int my statin and he started t get ff t! I asked him w 110 he was ging and he said he was ging t wrk. He tld me he wrked in Fitzry Street. Yu see, I wrk in Fitzry Street, t. It’s a small w 111 ! It was such an amazing cincidence!
答案：104.ag 105.added 106.Everything / Everyne 107.face / figure 108.als 109.knw 110.where 111.wrld
（四）
Sme peple have prblems falling asleep; thers have truble getting up in the mrning. The fllwing suggestins may help.
Dn’t spend lnger than thirty minutes trying t fall asleep. If yu can’t get t sleep after half an hur, get up and d s 97 quiet, like reading. Only g back t bed when yu feel tired.
Drink a glass f warm milk fifteen minutes befre yu g t bed — it helps yu t relax. But dn’t drink cffee r tea: they have chemicals which will make it d 98 fr yu t sleep.
Have a warm bath— it’s a great way t relax. But n 99 stay in there t lng. Mre than twenty minutes and yu will lse all yur energy. And the bathrm isn’t the best place t fall asleep!
Listen t sme music. Hwever, if yu have t get up and turn ff the recrder when the music f 100 , it wn’t wrk!
Set all the clcks in the huse ten minutes fast befre yu g t bed (and try t frget that yu d 101 this when yu wake up the next mrning).
Get a friend t phne yu in the mrning. And hpe that yur friend is better at waking up than yu are… and is able t have an interesting t 102 with yu n the phne t help yu wake up.
G t bed e 103 than usual. It may nt be easy at first, but they say that an hur f sleep befre midnight has the same effect as tw hurs after midnight.
答案：97. smething 98. difficult 99. never 100. finishes 101. did 102. talk 103. earlier

（五）
Sme peple might chse t live in a sleepy village beside wds and lakes, but thers enjy the bright lights and fast pace f the big city. Stephen and Marianna have gt different stries.
答案：97．busier 98．saves 99．plluted l06．pay l01．tw 102．space l03．Nearest

（六）
THIS MONTH’S GOALS FOR HELPING TO SAVE OUR PLANET!
Save electricity
Recycle
Save water
Save gas
Week1 This week, my family tried t save electricity. We never left the lights n when leaving the rms. We switched ff the TV when n _1___ was watching it. Mum nly used cld water in the washing machine.
Week2 We started recycling this week. We tried t written n bth sides f ur paper nt just n ne side. We als divided ur rubbish int d 2 bags fr bttles, cans, paper and fd. Mum kept the plastic shpping bags frm the supermarket t use them a ____3____ as
rubbish bags. These are great ways t help ur envirnment.
Week3 We stpped taking lng baths and had shrt shwers i____4____. We flushed the tilet with used water. When mum and dad made tea r cffee, they used l____5___ water in the kettle. My sister and I didn’t leave the tap running when we brushed ur teeth.
Week4 Mum used t d 6 us t schl, but nw my sister and I have started riding ur bikes t schl. It’s hard wrk but gd exercised! This week dad and a few f the peple he wrks with als started t g t wrk tgether in ne car and share the cst. This shuld help r____7____ greenhuse gases!
My friends and I became vlunteers at schl. We help make ur schl mre earth-friendly.
答案：92. nbdy 93.different 94. again 95. instead 96. less 97. drive 98. reduce

（七）
A survey has been published which shws that British peple dn’t like their neighbrs very much. 80% f the peple wh tk part in the survey feel that their neighbrs h____92____ pay attentin t thers feelings. 25% dn’t talk t the peple wh live next dr and 10% dn’t even knw their names. In fact, ne millin peple in Britain wuld like t m 93 because they dn’t get alng well with their neighbrs.
Accrding t the survey, the b 94 prblem is nise. Many f the cmplaints abut nise came frm peple wh live in flats and ld huses. These peple ften have thin walls which can nt s 95 the nise frm next dr.
The ther main prblems are disagreements(不和) abut car parking spaces, and ld peple cmplaining abut the yung. Sme disagreements last a l 96 time. In ne case, peple wh live in the same building haven’t talk t each ther fr fifteen years. Smetimes the disagreements end in vilence. In ne f the wrst cases, a man killed a neighbr because he kept parking in his “space”.
Anther survey shws that 90% f the neighbr never share a meal. 80% have never had a drink t 97 and 20% have never even spken. Hwever, when neighbrs becme each ther’sf 98 , they are ften ready t ffer help as we can see in many parts f the wrld.
One slutin t such prblem is t talk abut them with a prfessinal rganizatin, and if necessary t sign a written agreement. Nw peple can get this service in mre and mre twns.
答案：92-98 hardly, mve biggest stp lng tgether; friends


（八）
At ne time, making a film was an expensive activity nly fr a small grup f peple and film cmpanies. Nt nly were the tls and machines expensive but the cst f film was als far greater than mst peple culd affrd. Hwever, mdern technlgy has c 92 all that.
New technlgy has really pened up the wrld f film-making fr film fans. Nw a camera des nt cst m 93 _ and mst yung peple are certainly able t pay fr it. S all yu need is t get ne fr yurself. With that, yu may then start yur wn film-making.
Hwever, film-making is t 94 _ wrk. Yu prbably need many ther peple t help yu. Fr example, the p 95 _ f actrs and actresses is very imprtant in yur film. Of curse, these actrs and actresses may be yur schlmates, friends r family members. Yu dn′t even need t pay them a cent while they are glad t be part f yur jb.
B 96 , yu need t make up a stry. Can yu write yur wn ne? If yu have gd imaginatin, yu can create an attractive stry e 97 . Many wrld-famus film makers and prducers are als gd stry-writers. If nt, perhaps yu need smene else t write it fr yu. An excellent stry is the key t making a s 98 _ film.
答案：92.changed 93.much 94.team 95.perfrmance 96.Besides 97.easily 98.successful

（九）

At sme time in yur life，yu might have a rmmate．It is a gd idea t share a flat，especially fr students r peple wh have just finished schl，because flats are usually expensive．And m 86 is nt the nly reasn fr having a rmmate．Sharing a flat can be fun．
But life with a rmmate can als be a t 87 experience．Sme experts(专家)did a study f cllege students wh shared a rm．They fund that students wh had prblems with their rmmates were nt happy at schl and were mre likely t get sick than ther students．S，hw can yu l 88 with a rmmate and enjy it? Here is sme advice:
Being rmmates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when yu stay with them all the time frm when yu dn’t see them very 89 ．S，befre yu plan t share a rm with a friend，discuss the situatin carefully．
If yu decide t share a rm with smene yu dn’t knw，talk t each ther．It’s imprtant t be h 90 abut yur habits and things yu hate．
When yu mve in with a rmmate，make rules．Decide hw yu will share h 91 ，such as cleaning，washing and shpping．Will yu share fd? Is it OK t have guests? And what abut lud music?
Dn’t get angry at small things that yur rmmate des．Try t f 92 the unhappy things between yu and yur rmmate．N ne — including yu — is perfect．
答案：86. mney 87. terrible 88. 1ive 89. ften 90. hnest 91. husewrk 92. frget

（十）
A schl newspaper The Teens asked ver ne thusand teenagers hw they spend their spare time. Here they reprt the r__81____ f the survey. It’s nt at all surprising t learn that mst teens said they wanted mre free time. Mst have less than an hur a day fr after-schl activities.
P__82_____ activities was ppular amng bth girls and bys, averaging between three t six hurs a week. Favrite sprts amng girls is tennis, basketball and swimming. Bys said they liked ftball, basketball and skating.
Speaking f entertainment, music and TV were ppular. Abut half f these surveyed said that music was their favrite activity. This i____83___ bth listening t and playing music. TV was als very ppular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV t read a bk r magazine.
Unsurprisingly, as many as three f ten teenagers mentined that cllecting things was smething they liked t d in their spare time. They had v___84______ cllectins frm cartn bks and basketball cards t stickers, tys and cins.
V____85_____ friends was als ppular. Eight ut f ten teenagers said they met their friends nce a week. Nine ut f ten said they cntacted friends thrugh the Internet. A___86_____ ppular way f cntacting friends was the telephne. Everyne we surveyed said they spke t friends every day. Mst said they spke abut twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s____87_____ went dancing, especially girls. Only ne ut f ten went t the dance regularly.
答案： 81 result(s), 82 Physical 83 included 84 varius 85 Visiting 86 Anther 87 seldm

（十一）
It’s a cmmn schl day at Suthern Crss Schl near the famus Kruger Natinal Park in Suth Africa. Teachers and pupils dn’t sit in a classrm. I 81 , they g thrugh the frest r sit under the trees.
The schl teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest f the cuntry’s schls, but the teaching methds are cmpletely different. Suthern Crss uses nature as a teaching tl. The teachers and their pupils g ut int nature and wrk with animals and plants. These can be used t study a 83 frm maths and scial sciences t languages. The schl is in an area where animals live wild and can be hunted. T get t class, students travel a rad thrugh the frest that wild animals use as well.
The classrm fr small preschlers is a little different frm the rest f the schl. Fr example, the first lessn f the day is maths, but the teaching methd is very s 84 . In this schl yu wn’t hear a teacher saying “Cunt hw many apples Jane has in her basket.”Actually, the children visit a nearby river t cunt the number f marks left by animals. This way they can see hw many different animals cme t d 85 during the night.
The students are encuraged t take care f the injured and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the fd chain and hw and why it d 86 .
The headmaster says, “We must make peple understand what we are ding t the e 87 . We need t care fr ur planet.”
答案：81. Instead 82. subjects 83. anything 84. special 85. drink 86. died 87. envirnment / earth

（十二）
The Yung Persn‟s Rail-card is very ppular in Britain nw．It gives yung peple the chance t buy （81）c__________ train tickets acrss the cuntry．Just imagine，it culd take yu t festivals，t see friends，r t Lndn fr a weekend break，at a lwer price．
81. cheap/cheaper 82. prve 83. ver 84. pht/phtgraph/picture. 85. Infrmatin 86. full 87 abrad
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动词时态和语态
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介词
感叹词
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Hi! My name is Stephen and I live in a small flat in Lndn. I chse t live here because there is never a b__97___ mment in a big city like Lndn. I’m an art student and the busy life in a city des gd t my painting. In additin, I can get everything I need s clse at hand. Living beside the undergrund statin means that I dn’t need a car t get arund. It(主) s ___98____me(宾) mney. Als there are malls, cinemas, libraries and museums everywhere.
Of curse, Lndn, like any large city, has p____99____, t. Lndners dn’t chat n the undergrund r the bus and there is much less cmmunity spirit than in the cuntry, where my parents live. In fact, they dn’t understand hw I can put up with(忍受) the nise and pllutin, and traffic jams. Hwever, I see that as a small price t p___100____. As a famus saying ges, “He wh is tired f Lndn is tired f life.”
Hell! My name is Marianna and I live in Australia, n a huge ranch(牧场). It’s a beautiful area with wnderful scenery. I live here with my husband Je and ur t___101____ children, (1)Patrick 11, and (2)Abby, 8. We have lived n this ranch fr several years and we lve ur healthy lifestyle. The children have lts f s ____102____ t run arund and enjy the peace and quiet. The air is clean and fresh. We prduce a lt f ur wn fd which is nice and healthy. There’s lts f hard wrk t d running a ranch, but we dn’t mind.
Of curse, cuntry life als has weak pints. We feel islated(孤独的) smetimes, t, especially since the n 103 neighbrs are almst 100 km away. One mre truble is that we can’t get many things as easily as we d in the city. There are n schls, supermarkets r shps, and if we are ill we have t call the flying dctr. Althugh life here can be difficult, we wuldn’t change it fr the wrld.