浙江省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

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阅读理解
浙江省舟山市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
第一节:(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Which Luvre Museum Ticket is Best fr Yu?
If yu are Shrt n Time
G fr: Skip-the-line Tickets
Guide: Expert guide/audiguide
These entry tickets prvide skip-the-line access, allwing yu t bypass lng queues. G n a carefully tailred 2 t 3-hur guided tur with an audi headset t keep yu frm missing ut n any explanatin.
If yu are n a Budget
G fr: Direct Entry Tickets
Guide: Audiguide
Get guaranteed entry within 30 minutes and explre the wrld’s mst visited museum with an ptinal audi guide available in 10 languages at an affrdable rate. These day-lng valid tickets will let yu walk arund and brwse thrugh bth the 38,000 permanent wrks and the many temprary exhibits at yur wn pace.
If yu are a Sl Traveler
G fr: Small-Grup tur
Guide: Expert guide
Small grup turs ffer great persnalized and interactive experiences. With fewer peple, yu can engage with yur guide and grup and explre the Luvre in depth. See the Luvre’s mst ntable pieces like the Mna Lisa, Venus de Mil, the Winged Victry, and mre.
If yu are Travelling with Kids
G fr: Skip-the-line tickets
Guide: Expert guide/audiguide
With skip-the-line tickets, yu can avid lng queues int the museum. The shrt, specialized tur will als fcus n the majr highlights f the Luvre, making them perfect fr families with kids. A prfessinal guide will accmpany yu, prviding fascinating insights in a kid-friendly manner.
21．What is the primary advantage f the tickets fr visitrs shrt n time?
A．Exclusive access t VIP exhibits.B．Extended access fr the whle day.
C．Aviding lng queues.D．Free admissin fr sl travelers.
22．Which f the fllwing d the tickets fr visitrs n a budget ffer?
A．Access t VIP exhibits.B．A day-lng validity.
C．Free audi guide in 10 languages.D．Special discunts n temprary exhibits.
23．What d tickets fr peple shrt f time and fr thse travelling with kids have in cmmn?
A．They guarantee the same majr highlights.
B．They prvide specially catered insights.
C．They ffer visits f apprximately the same length.
D．They include quick access and a guided tur.
B
Accrding t the United Natins, 60 percent f glbal greenhuse gas emissins cme directly frm the way that we currently prduce ur electricity.71 percent f the earth is cvered in water yet nly arund 1.5 percent f the glbal energy is prduced thrugh wave pwer. That’s what inspired Ec Wave Pwer CEO, Inna Braverman t take n the challenge.
Tw weeks after she was brn in Ukraine in 1986, the Chernbyl nuclear disaster ccurred and she gt hurt, suffering frm breathing arrest and a clinical death. But thanks t her mther, wh was a nurse, she was saved. Grwing up, she felt it her purpse t find green and sustainable energy.
Inna fund that previus wave energy develpers have decided t pursue ffshre technlgies, cntributing t huge installatin and maintenance csts, incredibly vulnerable statins in strms, and cnsequently lack f funding. Her innvative versin, hwever, is t install the pwer statin n land. The nly part f the system in the water is the flaters which bb up and dwn with the waves. These push cmpressed air int a tank where the energy is stred t prduce electricity. The flaters are attached t existing man-made structures such as banks, piers, and breakwaters.
The simplicity f the design makes it cheaper t install and maintain as well as being better prtected frm rugh weather and therefre, insurable. Once a cmmercial plant prducing 20 megawatt s r mre (enugh fr 20,000 hmes) is in place, the unit cst significantly reduces. “Our price f energy decreases t abut $0.05 US (€0.05) per kilwatt hur, which is cmparable t the prices f nshre wind,” Inna explains.
A pilt statin was installed in Gibraltar in 2016. It was the first wave energy system t be cnnected t the grid in Eurpe. Mre tests f the wave energy system have been arranged in different cuntries and regins.
24．What d we knw frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Inna was inspired by a UN prgram t fcus n green energy.
B．Inna’s early experience enabled her t explre green energy slutins.
C．Inna came up with the idea f green energy thanks t her mther.
D．Green and sustainable energy slutins are greatly influenced by the nuclear disaster.
25．What’s the purpse f the authr t write paragraph 3?
A．T demnstrate the envirnmental impact f wave energy.
B．T highlight Inna Braverman’s innvative apprach t wave energy.
C．T utline the challenges faced by ther wave energy develpers.
D．T prvide infrmatin abut wave energy prductin arund the wrld.
26．Hw is Inna Braverman’s apprach t wave energy different frm previus nes?
A．Its maintenance n the sea flr.B．Its dependence n gvernment funding.
C．Its installatin n land.D．Its exclusive fcus n ffshre technlgies.
27．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Ec Wave Pwer: Pineer in Sustainable Energy
B．Chernbyl Survivr’s Visin: Endless Pwer fr the Future
C．Land-Based Wave Pwer: Innvatin fr Green Electricity
D．Onshre Energy: Ec Wave Pwer’s Fight Against Gas Emissins
C
Ideally, childhd is a time f grwth and learning. But fr many children arund the wrld, this time is cut shrt when they are frced t wrk, smetimes in dangerus cnditins. As a result, June 12 is recgnized as the annual Wrld Day Against Child Labr.
As f 2020, arund 160 millin children wrked as child labrers, which means that ne child in 10 was a child labrer. Overall, child labr has decreased ver the past 20 years, but in recent years, this prgress has stalled. Child labr is distinguished frm rdinary husewrk, helping with a family business r wrking t earn pcket mney after schl. Wrk dne by children is classified as child labr when it harms the child physically, mentally, scially r mrally, r when it hinders(阻碍) the child’s educatin.
Abut 79 millin children are engaged in hazardus child labr. Smetimes this means the wrk is extremely dangerus because f heavy machinery r expsure t chemicals. Hazardus child labr can als invlve harsh cnditins, lng hurs, r expsure t varius kinds f abuse.
The primary gal f the Wrld Day Against Child Labr is raising awareness f the issue and encuraging individuals, rganizatins and gvernments t take actin. Fighting child labr is a cmplex task. It invlves scial wrkers wh identify child labrers and take actin t prvide these children and their families with ther ptins. But it als invlves change in cmmunities as a whle, challenging the scial nrms(行为准则) that can lead adults t make their children wrk.
Child labr and pverty ften g hand in hand as parents feel that remving their children frm schl is necessary t earn mney s the family can survive. S, measures r plicies meant t fight pverty are als tied t preventing child labr. Being harmful t children and t cmmunities, child labr hinders children frm grwing int healthy, educated citizens wh culd make a difference in sciety. By highlighting the prblem and ffering a variety f slutins, the Wrld Day Against Child Labr can make the situatin a bit better.
28．What des the underlined wrd “stalled” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．SlwedB．SpeededC．StppedD．Disappeared
29．What situatin can be classified as child labr?
A．Helping parents with the daily husewrk.
B．Assisting family business during the hlidays.
C．Earning mney fr ne’s camp trip after schl.
D．Wrking in a she stre every weekday afternn.
30．What’s the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The cnsequences f child labr.B．The main types f child labr.
C．The seriusness f child labr.D．The reasns against child labr.
31．Accrding t the text, wh dn’t make much effrt t fight child labr?
A．Scial wrkers.B．Parents.C．Gvernments.D．Cmmunities.
D
Suzanne Simard, a prfessr f frest eclgy wh called herself a “frest detective”, was raised in muntains in Canada. Few scientists make much impact with their PhD thesis, but, in 1997, she did just that. Her research n the “wd wide web” made the cver f Nature and transfrmed ur understanding f frests. What was then a challenge t traditinal ideas is tday widely accepted.
A mushrm is the part f a fungus (真菌) that sticks up abve the grund. Thin, white threads grw frm its stem deep int the sil. These threads are called hyphae (菌丝). Hyphae cnnect themselves t tree rts. They als stretch frm rt system t rt system, like an undergrund netwrk. This netwrk may g fr miles. Hyphae pick up nutrients and water frm sil. The fungus threads that cnnect t tree rts share their nutrients and water with the trees. In return, they sip a bit f the sugar the trees make. Sharing helps bth trees and mushrms live. It’s als hw trees cmmunicate.
When a tree is being eaten by bugs, it makes chemicals t sh them away, srt f like bug repellent (驱虫剂). The chemicals travel thrugh the tree, dwn its rts, and int the hyphae netwrk. Other trees cnnected t the netwrk taste the chemicals. That tells them a nearby tree is under attack, s they start t make their wn bug repellent. Trees d mre than share warnings thrugh the hyphae. They als help each ther. In the fall, paper birch trees drp their leaves and can n lnger make sugar. S, a fir tree that stays green all winter uses the netwrk t send extra sugar t the birch until spring cmes again. This system f sharing infrmatin and nutrients thrugh the hyphae is smetimes called the “wd wide web”, because it wrks a bit like the Internet.
Lcal climate sets the stage fr the wd wide web, researchers say. In cl temperature and breal frests, where wd and rganic matter decay slwly, netwrk-building EM fungi rule. By cntrast, in the warmer trpics where wd and rganic matter decay quickly, AM fungi dminate. These fungi frm smaller webs and d less intertree swapping, meaning the trpical wd wide web is likely mre lcalized.
Eclgist Thmas Crwther’s results suggest that as the planet warms, abut 10% f EM-assciated trees culd be replaced by AM-assciated trees. Micrbes in frests dminated by AM fungi deal with carbn-cntaining rganic matter faster, s they culd liberate lts f heat-trapping carbn dixide quickly, ptentially accelerating a climate change prcess that is already happening at a frightening pace.
32．What d we knw abut Suzanne Simard?
A．She was a prfessr and a frest detective.
B．Grwing up in the cuntryside, she made the cver f Nature.
C．Like many ther scientists, she made big influence n her PhD thesis.
D．Her idea f the “wd wide web” used t challenge peple’s thughts.
33．Which f the fllwing is nt hyphae’s rle in the frest ecsystem?
A．They facilitate tree cmmunicatin.B．They frm an undergrund netwrk.
C．They prduce sugar and share it with trees.D．They share nutrients and water with the trees.
34．Hw d trees use the “wd wide web” t deal with insect attacks?
A．They release warning signals thrugh leaves.
B．They prduce real bug repellent t kill insects.
C．They make use f hyphae t prduce chemicals.
D．They send chemical signals thrugh the netwrk.
35．What might be the impact f replacing EM-assciated trees with AM-assciated trees?
A．It might slw dwn carbn release.B．It wuld break dwn rganic matter.
C．It might speed up climate change.D．It might lead t faster tree grwth.
浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末调研测英语试卷
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
With a huge variety f animals, plants, and gelgical features, it’s n surprise the Rcky Muntains hst many natinal parks in bth the US and Canada. Here are a few f the natinal parks in the regin dedicated t preserving the unique envirnments f the Rcky Muntains.
Rcky Muntain Natinal Park
The first f the great natinal parks in the Rcky Muntains, this park includes 415 square miles f land acrss the Cntinental Divide. Because f its size, visitrs can experience high muntain peaks, grassy valleys, hidden alpine lakes, and beautiful waterfalls. Rck climbers can scale a thusand feet up the sheer rck cliffs f Lngs Peak, and there are many hiking trails.
Yellwstne Natinal Park
Yellwstne is prbably ne f the mst well-knwn natinal parks. President Ulyssess S. Grant designated Yellwstne as the very first natinal park in the United States n March 1, 1872. It is famus fr its ht springs, biling mud, fumarles and geysers such as Old Faithful, which shts biling water mre than 100 feet int the air. Yellwstne als has its wn canyn and magnificent waterfall. Visitrs can see bisn, elk, wlves and grizzly bears.
Grand Tetn Natinal Park
Travelers can leave Yellwstne n a parkway that brings them right t Grand Tetn Natinal Park, just nrth f Jacksn, Wyming. Humans have lived in the area fr mre than 11,000 years, and traces f this histry can be fund thrughut the park. Grand Tetn has many pprtunities fr hiking, camping, bating, rck climbing, and viewing wildlife, as well as amazing views f the Grand Tetn Muntain Range.
Banff Natinal Park
Banff Natinal Park is lcated near Calgary, in Alberta, Canada. Banff was Canada’s first natinal park, and is knwn fr its muntain peaks, its hundreds f glaciers, and glacier-fed lakes such as Lake Luise. Banff has many hiking trails and campsites, and winter visitrs snwshe, ski, and skate.
1．Which f the fllwing best suits winter sprts lvers?
A．Rcky Muntain Natinal Park.B．Yellwstne Natinal Park.
C．Grand Tetn Natinal Park.D．Banff Natinal Park.
2．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Rcky Muntain Natinal Park has its wn canyn.
B．Yellwstne Natinal Park are famus fr campsites.
C．Grand Tetn Natinal Park enjys the lngest histry.
D．Banff Natinal Park is the first natinal park in Canada.
3．Where is the passage mst likely taken frm?
A．A science magazine.B．A travel brchure.
C．A gegraphy textbk.D．A wildlife guidebk.
B
In 1996, smene fund sme very ld clthes in an ld mine in Nevada, USA; they included a pair f dirty ld jeans. Tday, thse jeans are very valuable, and they are nw in the Levi Strauss Archival Cllectin, in San Francisc. The jeans, which are ver 140 years ld, are the ldest pair f Levi’s 501 jeans in the wrld.
They are almst the same as a mdern pair f 501’s; there are just sme small differences in the detail Fr instance, tday’s 501’s have tw back pckets, the ld pair just has ne.
In 1853, a yung tailr frm Germany, called Levi Strauss, began wrking in San Francisc; Levi sld thick canvas t miners; the miners used the canvas t make tents.
One day, a miner tld Levi that he culd nt find trusers that were strng enugh fr wrk in the gld mines. Levi decided t make sme trusers ut f canvas.
Very sn, he had sld all the canvas trusers he’d made! They were just what miners wanted.
Hwever, the canvas was rather heavy and stiff Levi therefre began t lk fr a different textile; sn he fund a heavy textile frm France; it was called serge de Nimes. Americans just called this de Nimes, and this name sn gt reduced t denim.
Denim was a bit lighter than canvas but it was very strng: it was ideal fr miners.
Hwever, riginal denim was almst white, and miners did nt like the clr! Their denim trusers gt dirty as sn as they began wrking!
Levi Strauss therefre decided t use clred denim, and he chse dark blue. In 1873, he began t make denim trusers with metal rivets t make them strnger. This was a radical new idea: “Blue jeans” had arrived!
Levi’s jeans were s ppular, that his cmpany gt bigger and bigger, sn, ther firms were making blue jeans t. Miners liked them, but s did cwbys and ther wrking men. Blue jeans became classic American wrking trusers. After the Secnd Wrld War, jeans became ppular all ver the wrld. Tday, blue jeans are nw the internatinal unifrm wrn by yung peple.
4．Why did Levi start t make jeans at first?
A．T start a business.B．T make use f canvas.
C．T make a difference.D．T meet the miners’ needs.
5．What d yu knw abut “denim”?
A．It was riginally dark blue.
B．It was intrduced frm France.
C．It was thught little f by cwbys.
D．It was heavy and stiff cmpared t canvas.
6．Which f the fllwing can best describe Levi?
A．Diligent and hnest.B．Innvative and devted.
C．Nble and persistent.D．Generus and warm-hearted.
7．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A creative tailr.B．A lng-existing trend.
C．The rigin f jeans.D．The famus brand f jeans.
C
The Amazn rainfrest spreads acrss nine Suth American cuntries but mst f it (60%) is in Brazil. Brazilian scientists think they might have fund a way t reverse the damage caused by defrestatin and turn farmland back int frest. The secret lies in ancient lcal knwledge f sil.
Amaznian dark earth (ADE) is a thick, black sil fund deep in the Amazn rainfrest, and it culd help restre frests arund the wrld. ADE is a kind f cmpst — a sil made frm dead plants and animals. Varius kinds f cmpst are sld in gardening centers arund the wrld, but ADE is unique. It was created by indigenus peple (the descendants f peple wh lived smewhere befre anther culture arrived and tk ver) frm the Amazn between 2,000 and 2,500 years ag. The Amaznian peple, tday knwn as Amerindians, created ADE using charcal frm fires, animal bnes, fd waste and p. It cntains micrbes, including bacteria that help t turn chemicals in the sil int useful nutrients that feed plants and trees.
Vast areas f the Amazn have been cut dwn, mstly t make way fr grassland fr raising cattle. Scientists are lking fr a way t turn grassland back int rainfrest and revive frest ecsystems. These supprt thusands f animal and plant species, many f them unique t the area. Frests als absrb lts f carbn dixide, a gas that cause climate change.
T see if the Amazn’s special sil culd help, the scientists grew grasses and trees in ADE, regular earth and a mixture f bth. Trees grwn in ADE were up t six times taller than thse in regular sil. ADE takes hundreds f years t create, s the scientists can’t simply make mre. Team member, Dr. Siu Mui Tsai, said that instead they want t try and “cpy its characteristics”, especially its helpful micrbes, and see if it culd help t restre natural habitats.
8．What are Brazilian scientists trying t d?
A．T bring frests back.B．T measure damage.
C．T reduce farmland.D．T dig ut ancient sil.
9．What made the Amaznian dark earth special?
A．Dead plants.B．Animal bnes.C．Fd waste.D．Bacteria inside.
10．What is the main idea f paragraph 3?
A．The reasns fr cutting dwn frests.B．The benefits f raising cattle.
C．The significance f frest ecsystems.D．The influence f climate change.
11．Which f the fllwing might Dr. Siu agree with?
A．Amaznian dark earth is helpful t micrbes.
B．Amaznian dark earth is prduced in large quantities.
C．Micrbes are beneficial t the revival f frests.
D．Micrbes are the characteristics f the natural habitats.
D
Des it ever seem like smething is ging n with ur attentin spans? Glria Mark, an attentin researcher at the university f Califrnia, says there is scientific evidence that attentin spans have shrunk cnsiderably. “We started studying attentin span length ver 20 years ag,” Mark said. “In 2003, we fund that attentin spans averaged abut tw-and-a-half minutes n any screen befre peple switched, In the past five, six years, they are averaging 47 secnds n the screen.”
Mark maintains that a shrter attentin span has three dwnsides: The first is that peple make mre errrs when they d attentin shifting; secnd dwnside is that it takes lnger t d smething, because we have t adjust t every new task every time we shift; the third dwnside — maybe this is the wrst f all — is that stress increases. When peple are wrking n multiple tasks and they have t shift their attentin, their bld pressure rises.
Yu dn’t have t be a prfessr t guess at the cause f ur great distract ability: It’s technlgy, f curse-phnes, scial media, texting. It might be hard t think f the last time yu even had a tech-free hur. S she ffered a cuple f tips fr staying fcused: First, when yu feel the itch t change tasks, analyze why. If it’s just bredm r prcrastinatin (拖延症), make a deal with yurself t wrk anther 20 minutes, and then treat yurself t a reward.
Secnd, picture yurself at the end f the day. What d yu want t have accmplished? What d yu want t feel? “A cncrete visualizatin f yurself sitting n the cuch, yu knw, watching yur favurite shw is really gd mtivatin,” she said.
The internet has this incredible resurce available t us, s rather than be upset by it because it distracts us, hw can we turn that arund and instead find value frm it? And hw can we utilize ur time best when we use the resurces frm the Internet withut getting exhausted frm it? These questins are what Glria Mark will fcus n in her subsequent research.
12．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．Negative effects f shrt attentin spans.B．Benefits f lng attentin spans.
C．Causes f shrt attentin spans.D．Ways t deal with shrt attentin spans.
13．What des the underlined wrd in para. 3 prbably mean?
A．Necessity.B．Curage.C．DesireD．Chice
14．Which f the fllwing may Glria Mark suggest?
A．Imagining what yu will accmplish at the end f the day is a waste f time.
B．Multitasking is a gd way t extend ur attentin span.
C．It is necessary t think twice befre shifting yur tasks.
D．We’d better say n t the internet smetimes as it distracts us.
15．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Are Our Attentin Spans Getting Shrter?B．Hw D We Live with the Internet?
C．Is Multitasking Pssible?D．What Can We D t Make Our Attentin Spans Lnger?
浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末检测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Taking tddlers t the hairdressers isn’t always a walk in the park. But wrry n mre. There are lts f great kids’ hair salns in Singapre that make the whle prcess a breeze.
LA Kids Cwby
Wuldn’t it be gd if yu r yur partner culd head smewhere fr a quick cut and have the kids’ hair cut at the same time? Sure wuld, which is why we’re lving LA Kids Cwby. It’s Singapre’s first parent-child haircut and styling cncept. Cut s are a great value f $20, making it a cheap and cheerful barber fr kids.
Bnbn Blwut Bar
Bnbn Blwut Bar cmes with individual tablets and sweets, s haircuts wn’t seem like such a terrible affair fr kids. The full-service saln prvides haircuts, styling, and hair perm services fr children frm $28; and if it’s their first haircut, yur kid will even bring hme a First Haircut Certificate!
BabySpa
If yu’re lking fr a baby haircut, lk n further. At BabySpa, yur kids’ hair is in gd hands. The wnderful stylists will ensure the gentles t f haircuts while yur baby watches Barney, sitting in a ty car. BabySpa als ffers a bathing service fr kids up t age tw.
Kids ‘N’ Me
This kids’ hairdressers ver at United Square are a firm fan favrite. It’s dwn t the experienced hairstylists, wh are knwn and lved fr their awesme kids’ haircuts fr ftball matches, frm simple “shrt back and sides” t a full-n Mhawk. We hear children can even have their hair sprayed with temprary hair d ye fr special ccasins!
1. Where will a by prbably have a haircut fr a ftball match?
A. At LA Kids Cwby.B. At Bnbn Blwut Bar.
C. At BabySpa.D. At Kids ‘N’ Me.
2. What is ffered by LA Kids Cwby?
A. An adult haircut.B. A ty ftball.C. A bathing service.D. A Haircut Certificate.
3. Wh are the target readers f the text?
A. Parents.B. Hairstylists.C. Children.D. Athletes.
B
Wrking at a cmmercial bank in New Yrk City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks sensed a lack f meaning in her life. She wanted t d smething mre fulfilling.
Sme peple seeking meaning might read a self-help bk, r perhaps vlunteer a few hurs a week. Sacks packed up her life and mved t Cnnecticut fr three mnths t participate in Adamah, a farming prgram that fcuses n sustainable living and grwing sustainable fd. Returning t New Yrk, Sacks carried with her a newfund purpse and a set f skills t turn her dreams int reality.
“One f the things that really stuck with me frm Adamah was hw little waste they prduced and hw they handled the waste they did have, mstly thrugh cmpsting,” she says. “And I just thught, ‘Why aren’t we ding that here? What is actually in all thse bags and recycling bins at the radsides?’”
The Adamah prgram pened Sacks’s eyes t the damage cnsumer culture is ding and the need t find slutins. S in 2016, she started wrking with a fd rescue prgram, and in 2017, she fund her true calling—what she calls “trash walking”.
During walks arund her neighbrhd, Sacks, 31, picked thrugh trash t lk fr reusable items. Sn her trash walks expanded t include recycling bins in big cmpanies. Surprisingly, she discvered really great stuff—like clthing and fd—all f which she dcuments n Instagram and TikTk.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained ppularity fr her educatinal, funny, and surprising vides that highlight the prblems with cnsumerism and share infrmatin abut hw t live a mre sustainable lifestyle. “The rt issue is verprductin, which leads t ver-cnsumptin, which leads t a large amunt f waste,” she says.
Sacks is ne f the mst influential climate change activists n scial media tday. The lessn frm her trash walking isn’t just that we need t prduce less stuff. It’s that we need t stp thrwing perfectly gd items in the trash t.
4. What mtivated Anna Sacks t get invlved in Adamah?
A. A self-help bk she read.B. Her jb at a cmmercial bank.
C. Her desire fr a meaningful life.D. The vlunteer experience she had.
5. What did Anna Sacks find impressive abut Adamah?
A. Fast-grwing fd utput.B. Sustainable living practices.
C. Advanced farming techniques.D. Varius waste management methds.
6. Why did Anna Sacks start her “trash walking” initiative?
A. T imprve her living cnditins.B. T gain ppularity n scial media.
C T advertise her fd rescue prgram.D. T handle the damage by cnsumer culture.
7. What des the authr advcate t reduce waste?
A. Raising prices n prducts.B. Cllecting secnd-hand items.
C. Prducing high-quality gds.D. Making full use f prducts.
C
“All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its wn way,” pens Le Tlsty’s nvel Anna Karenina. While Tlsty’s qute is famus, it is als inaccurate. It ignres the fact that happiness is a subjective (主观的) experience. Therefre, happy families and individuals cme in all shapes and sizes. Even natins, we nw knw, can be happy in different ways.
Since 2012, the Wrld Happiness Reprt has been ranking cuntries accrding t their levels f happiness. The latest reprt ranks Finland as the happiest cuntry in the wrld, fllwed by Denmark and Iceland. Happiness matters.
Happier peple mre ften engage in their cmmunities and help thers, making them imprtant building blcks fr advancing scieties. S natins wrldwide have increasingly fcused n prmting peple’s happiness.
Scientists emply “subjective well-being”, cmmnly termed “happiness”, t include bth happiness and life satisfactin. They have identified characteristics typical f cuntries with high levels f happiness. Studies suggest richer cuntries are happier. Institutinal quality, such as strng curts and gd laws, als plays a vital rle in shaping happier natins.
A cuntry’s culture als influences subjective well-being. It is frequently analyzed frm fur main aspects: individualism, masculinity (男子气概), pwer distance and uncertainty avidance. In individualistic cuntries, peple tend t put their wn interests first, leading t higher levels f happiness. Happier natins usually have lwer levels f masculinity, which shw a preference fr cperatin, care and equal pprtunities fr bth men and wmen. Happier natins als tend t mre evenly distribute (分配) pwer, called “lw pwer distance”. Finally, happier natins appear t be mre tlerant f uncertainty, less anxius abut risk-taking, and therefre mre likely t seize life’s pprtunities.
Althugh the image f a happy cuntry sunds similar as described in these terms, all happy natins are nt alike. That’s because each natin has different cultural, ecnmic, and scial factrs that shape their unique identities and experiences.
The takeaway frm this research is that gvernments wrldwide shuld adpt a flexible apprach t plicy making, recgnizing that there is n ne-size-fits-all apprach t prmting well-being.
8. Why des the authr qute Le Tlsty?
A. T give the definitin f happiness.B. T intrduce the tpic f happiness.
C. T shw the inaccuracy f his statement.D. T recmmend his nvel Anna Karenina.
9. Why are natins placing great emphasis n peple’s happiness?
A. It is related t peple’s satisfactin with the gvernment.
B. Happiness f a natin helps imprve its internatinal image.
C Individual happiness cntributes psitively t scial prgress.
D. Natins wrldwide are cmpeting fr high happiness rankings.
10. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The imprtance f happiness.B. The differences amng happy natins.
C. The ways t prmte happiness.D. The impact f culture n happiness.
11. What des the underlined wrd “takeaway” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Message.B. Methd.C. Reasn.D. Result.
D
In times f intense stress, peple smetimes let it ut with a scream and a new study suggests that plants might d the same. Researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel has fund that plants let ut ultrasnic (超声的) screams when damaged r stressed by drught.
The nises, falling within a range f 20 t 100 kilhertz, are t high-frequency fr humans t hear, but ther plants and sme animals perceive them. Insects might be listening fr sunds frm stressed plants t assess their cnditin befre laying eggs n their leaves. A mth (蛾) may decide against laying eggs n a plant that sunds water-stressed.
Researchers attached recrding devices directly t plants t listen fr secret sunds inside their stems (茎). In drught, air bubbles frmed, burst and caused vibratins (振动) within the tissue that nrmally carries water up the plants’ stems. The prcess was picked up by the attached recrding devices, but researchers wanted t knw if any plant sunds culd travel thrugh the air.
S the team placed micrphnes 10 centimetres frm stressed-ut tmat and tbacc plants They subjected ne set f crps t drught and anther t physical damage. A third grup was untuched.
The micrphnes did pick up distinct sunds. On average, drught-stressed tmat plants let ut abut 35 ultrasnic screams per hur, while thse with cut stems made abut 25. Drught-stressed tbacc plants let ut abut 11 screams per hur, and cut crps made abut 15 sunds in the same time. The average number f sunds frm untuched plants fell belw ne per hur.
The researchers als attempted t identify each plant grup just based n its screams. Using a type f artificial intelligence calculatins, the team picked ut distinct features in each set f sunds and successfully srted their plants int three kinds: “dry, cut r untuched.”
If it is nt t cstly t set up the recrding in a field situatin, farmers might be able t hear these stress signals t. In future, enabling farmers t listen fr water-stressed plants culd “pen a new directin”, which will be increasingly imprtant as climate change expses mre areas t drught.
12. The mth is mentined in paragraph 2 t shw __________.
A. mths need enugh water when laying eggs
B. sme animals are able t hear plants scream
C. sme insects are picky abut their surrundings
D. wildlife species depend n each ther when stressed
13. What can we learn frm the research?
A. Plants’ sunds culdn’t be detected by humans.
B. Plants can be gruped accrding t their features.
C. Plants’ screams are related t stress types in a way.
D. Air bubbles cntribute t the lack f water in plants.
14. What des the last paragraph fcus n?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research result.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Plants’ Vibratins: Way t React t Stress
B. Stress Signals: Secret Newly Fund in Plants
C. Green Screams: Plants Make Nises When Stressed
D. Ultrasnic Screams: Discvery Opens a New Chapter
浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末质量评估英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
D yu knw the next space explrer r climate change her? Gt an idea that will transfrm peple’s lives? Inspire inquisitive minds t think big, challenge facts, ask questins and invent slutins with the UK’s tp annual science and engineering cmpetitin. The Big Bang Cmpetitin is pen and will clse fr entries n 27 March 2024.
Hw t enter
The Big Bang UK Yung Scientists & Engineers Cmpetitin is free, and is pen t yung peple in the UK aged 11 t 18 in state-funded secndary educatin, wh are hme educated r wh enter as part f a cmmunity grup.
Cmpetitrs can nly enter ne prject int The Cmpetitin, either as an individual r as part f a team. Prject entries fr The Cmpetitin can cver any tpic in the field f STEM and cmpetitrs can find inspiratin in The Big Bang Prject Gallery nline, which is hme t past prjects, with tpics ranging frm imprving well-being t creating sustainable slutins. Entry int The Cmpetitin is thrugh the nline heat nly.
Key dates
Online entry pens: Octber
Online entry clses: 5 pm n Wednesday 27 March
Finalists annunced: Thursday 25 April
Special Awards judging(virtual): Tuesday 7 May t Wednesday 15 May
VIP Judging(virtual): Wednesday 8 May t Thursday 9 May
Prizes
The Big Bang Cmpetitin ffers a fantastic pprtunity fr yung peple t win amazing prizes in recgnitin fr their hard wrk. Prizes range frm generus cash prizes t prestigius(有声望的) titles, and may change a bit frm year t year.
1. What’s the purpse f The Big Bang Cmpetitin?
A. T appeal t yung peple t explre space.
B. T call n yung peple t win amazing prizes.
C. T fuel yung peple’s creativity fr better lives.
D. T transfrm yung peple’s lives with inventins.
2. What can we learn abut the cmpetitrs?
A. Participants shuld submit entries by 15 May.
B. Multiple prjects are allwed fr each participant.
C. Cmpetitrs shuld fcus n sustainable slutins.
D. Winners will receive grand awards fr their effrts.
3. Which sectin f a website is the text prbably taken frm?
A. Culture and sciety.B. Science and technlgy.
C. Nature and envirnment.D. Sprts and entertainment.
B
Bbby Wilsn is retired. Well, he’s suppsed t be. But the Gergia farmer, “The Garden Man” named by his cmmunity, used his retirement savings t buy and perate a nnprfit farm—the Metr Atlanta Urban Farm-and he hasn’t slwed dwn since.
Years ag, Bbby Wilsn saw a need fr fighting hunger in his cmmunity. He wrked hard all his life, but when it came time t retire, he knew his jb wasn’t ver yet. S he pured his time, mney and energy int stepping up t fill that need and cmbat fd insecurity. He dedicated his life t helping his cmmunity and t creating a healthier, mre sustainable wrld fr his grandchildren.
Wilsn is n a missin. He’s n several missins, actually. While wrking fr the University f Gergia fr twenty years in gardening educatin, he saw a real need fr affrdable, nutritius fd in his under-served cmmunity in the Atlanta metrplitan area. As fd prices rise, the need has nly increased. Families acrss the natin are feeling the pinch. It’s getting harder and harder fr peple t affrd nutritius fd. Accrding t U.S. Hunger, ne in ten husehlds faces fd insecurity. In Gergia, where Bbby Wilsn lives, the prblem is even mre terrible, with ne in eight peple facing hunger. S Bbby Wilsn is n a missin t help families in his disadvantaged neighbrhd grw their wn fd n small tracts f land using sustainable practices. At a time when thusands f husehlds are struggling t make ends meet, Wilsn insists that peple can save thusands f dllars if they grw their wn vegetables. And he has set up a teaching farm n five acres f land in Cllege Park, in the heart f the city, t shw peple hw t d just that. Numerus vlunteers are educated n the agriculture industry, including hw t best acquire land and resurces.
Asked abut the principle f the farm, Wilsn said, “It’s mre than just a farm. It’s abut justice, diversity, and inclusin. We are wrking fr the cmmunity.”
4. Why did Bbby Wilsn buy the Metr Atlanta Urban Farm?
A. T cntinue t wrk after retirement.B. T prvide healthy fd fr the cmmunity.
C. T shw his grandchildren hw t grw fd.D. T educate vlunteers n the agriculture industry.
5. What des the underlined phrase “feeling the pinch” mean in the third paragraph?
A. Struggling financially.B. Suffering mentally.
C. Emtinally disturbed.D. Physically challenged.
6. Which wrds can best describe Bbby Wilsn?
A. Cmmitted and adventurus.B. Generus and devted.
C. Ambitius and knwledgeable.D. Respnsible and mdest.
7. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A A Retired Farmer Spreads Knwledge f Farming
B. The Metr Atlanta Urban Farm-Mre Than a Farm
C. A Missin f Creating a Sustainable Agricultural Wrld
D. The Garden Man Feeds a Cmmunity with Retirement Mney
C
Cnsumers may sn find meat n restaurant menus that has never walked the earth—grwn frm cell t fillet （肉块）. The prduct, called “cultured” r “cultivated” meat, is reaching mre plates. Cultivated chicken has been sld in a Singapre restaurant since 2020, and recently the Department f Agriculture apprved the sale f cultured chicken in the United States. Mre than 150 businesses wrldwide are wrking t put beef, fish, and prk n the market, t.
Cultured meat begins as a cell frm an egg r a piece f traditinally butchered meat. Fed with certain nutrients fr tw r three weeks, the meat is prcessed int frms that cnsumers are familiar with. “Initial research is in a lab, but the meat is made in a prductin facility.” says Jsh Tetrick, CEO f Gd Meat, ne f the USDA-apprved cultured chicken manufacturers. The cmpany has made public their wn nutrient analysis, evaluated by the Fd and Drug Administratin, which reveals that the nutritinal prfiles f their prducts are almst identical t cnventinal meats.
By alleviating the raising and killing f animals, cultured meat cmpanies say their prduct helps reduce animal cruelty and will be better fr the envirnment. Their prcess uses far less land because there’s n need t huse animals r grw their feed. Cultured beef, especially, culd reduce the number f cattle n farms-a significant surce f methane emissins. Hwever, sme studies cntradicted that cultured meat may als require greater energy usage than cnventinal prductin. Much f the envirnmental impact will depend n whether the energy used is renewable and n the efficiency f future prductin technlgy.
Given a grwing cnsumer cnsciusness arund animal rights and climate change, supprters fresee a future meat market where cnsumers will chse between different kinds f cnventinal meat, cultured meat, and plant-based alternatives. Apprved sale f cultivated chicken in the U.S. is a landmark mment, but nt yet a revlutin. While cultured meat’s widespread cnsumptin and impact n the ecnmy seem a step clser t reality, scientists, philsphers, and the prduct’s wn manufacturers acknwledge years f wrk lie ahead.
8. What’s the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The fficial apprval f meat marketing.
B. The grwing ppularity f meat prducts.
C. The increasing prmtin f cultured meat.
D. The widespread cnsumptin f cultured chicken.
9. In what way is cultured meat similar t cnventinal meat?
A. Initial frms.B. Prductin efficiency.
C. Nutritinal cntents.D. Cnsumptin prspect.
10.Why des the authr mentin cultured beef in paragraph 3?
A. T explain the prcess f raising animals.
B. T cmpare cultured meat and cnventinal meat.
C. T emphasize the envirnmental benefits f cultured meat.
D. T highlight the significance f reducing methane emissins.
11. What attitude d scientists hld fr the future cnsumptin f cultured meat?
A. Cautius.B. Cnfident.C. Dubtful.D. Wrried.
D
Right nw, summers are getting htter, winters clder and the plar ice is melting at an alarming rate. Extreme weather events and natural disasters frequently ccur. The climate time-bmb is ticking. Strict measures must be taken t tackle the prblem.
It reminds me f hw the lives we live seem t fllw rughly in the way put frward years earlier by the writers f science-fictin. I guess it’s “life imitating art”. When I was yung there were stries abut rckets ging int space and even ging t the mn, althugh there had never been a rcket int space at that time. Years later, Russia launched Sputnik, the first man-made bject t g int earth rbit and later the US landed peple and even a car n the mn.
When I was grwing up there were als science-fictin stries abut gvernments lking fr slutins when the wrld’s natural resurces were being ver-extended, such as they are in the case f climate change. The slutin in the stries was t assume that the cause f the prblem was ver-ppulatin and the slutin, therefre, was t limit the number f peple. Varius plans were put frward fr ding that, frm limiting the birth rate t killing ff anyne ver a certain age. That age, if I remember crrectly, was usually abut 60 and when yu reached that yu were suppsed t turn yurself ver t a gvernment facility where yu wuld be put t death.
Still, a lk at the ld science-fictin stries prvides an interesting and smewhat chilling apprach t what is acknwledged t be a very serius and wrsening wrld-wide prblem. There is general agreement that urgent actin is needed t stp us frm literally making ur wrld unfit t live n. The answers, at least s far, cncentrate n managing thse resurces and the ways in which we use them. Hwever, I wnder if the day will cme when life will imitate the art f the ld science-fictin stries and smene will prpse limiting the number f peple n the planet as a way f making it mre suitable fr thse wh are left. It’s a grave thing t predict.
12. What des the authr say abut climate prblems?
A. The prblems can be tackled in a scientific way.
B. The prblems are in urgent need f being reslved.
C. The explsin f extreme climates is under cntrl.
D. The lss f natural resurces leads t climate changes.
13. Hw des the authr clarify the cncept f “life imitating art”?
A. By giving examples.B. By using qutes.
C. By giving definitins.D. By making cntrast.
14. What pssible slutin t climate prblems cncerns the authr?
A. Remving verppulated species.B. Getting rid f senirs.
C. Over-extending natural resurces.D. Mving nt the mn.
15. What’s the authr’s tne in the passage?
A. Calm.B. Serius.C. Frustrated.D. Matter-f-fact.
浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（A卷）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Califrnia is hme t sme f the mst beautiful btanical gardens in the cuntry. Suppse yu want t appreciate unique landscapes and native plants, this pst has what yu need t experience in the Glden State.
San Francisc Btanical Garden
Lcated in the Glden Gate Park, this garden is hme t ver 9,000 types f plants. It has 55acres f walking paths and streams where families, cuples, and sl travelers can escape frm the nise f the city. It ffers attractive flrals (植物群) during every seasn f the year.
Califrnia Btanic Garden
It’s the largest btanic garden devted t Califrnia-native plants. As a living museum, the Califrnia Btanic Garden features ver 22,000 Califrnia-native plant species, many f which are endangered species. The garden ffers guided walks and turs fr visitrs wh want a behind-the-scenes lk at the garden and its many beautiful species.
UC Btanical Garden at Berkeley
This garden features the mst diverse landscapes in the wrld. It has ver 10000 types f plants. The plant cllectins here are impressive; visitrs can wander fr hurs and still find new plants t admire. Special events are hsted there thrughut the year, including plant sales and summer camps fr kids.
San Dieg Btanic Garden
This castal Califrnia btanic garden has 4 miles f trails and cean views and features ver 5,000 plant species. Amng 29 uniquely themed gardens n-site, the bamb garden cllectin is a must-see. With ver 100 species within the living cllectin f bamb, guests can experience many distinctive ec-friendly plants up clse.
If explring the btanical gardens in Califrnia is n yur t-d list, dn’t wait any lnger! We’re cnfident this cllectin f must-see utdr gardens will entertain, amaze, and inspire yu.
1. Which btanical garden has the mst types f plants?
A. San Francisc Btanical Garden.B. Califrnia Btanic Garden.
C. UC Btanical Garden.D. San Dieg Btanic Garden.
2. What is special abut San Dieg Btanic Garden?
A. It hlds different events regularly.B. It has distinctive theme gardens.
C. It features Califrnia-native plants.D. It shws varius landscapes wrldwide.
3. Wh are the intended readers f the text?
A. Travellers.B. Gardeners.C. Researchers.D. Guides.
B
Have yu ever wndered what happens t yur mbile phnes and laptps after yu thrw them ut t make way fr a newer mdel? Accrding t its latest Glbal E-Waste Mnitr, India is the third tp prducer f e-waste in the wrld. E-waste in Indian landfill ges n t pllute sil and grundwater, affecting fd supply systems and water surces.
Thankfully, the cuntry has a new grup f artists wh are changing these thrwn mechanical items-frm mbile phnes t ld televisins- int large murals (壁画) and artwrks t creatively shw their cncern fr the waste prblem.
Over the past quarter f a century, Mumbai’s Haribaabu Naatesan has transfrmed hundreds f tnnes f e-waste int art, integrating elements frm nature and industry. “I get my waste material frm friends, relatives and neighburs wh knw my interest in e-art and send me bags f thrwn electrnic appliances,” says Naatesan. Over his career, he has created huge murals fr several cmpanies. He has als shwed his wrk at the India Art Fair, as well as several ther natinal displays.
Anther artist Vishwanath Davangere has als lng wrked with e-waste. He likes t take apart ld laptps and reassemble (重新组装) them int birds animals and plants. After retirement, he started pursuing this hbby mre seriusly and started selling his creatins acrss the wrld. His mst utstanding wrks include a rbtic Egyptian statue with glwing red eyes and a Milky Way made frm keybard keys. He hpes t enable thers t recnsider their wn cnsumptin habits and make mre envirnmentally cnscius chices.
“By giving e-waste a secnd chance, I aim t raise awareness abut the envirnmental impact f electrnic waste.” says Davangare, wh tday has a cllectin f mre than 600 ec-art bjects.
4. Why d the artists create artwrks frm E-waste?
A. T prmte their artistic career.B. T update electrnic appliances.
C. T make prfits fr several cmpanies.D. T express their envirnmental cncern.
5. What can we learn abut Naatesan frm paragraph 3?
A. His creatins are displayed glbally.B. He gains supprt frm peple arund.
C. He has been creating e-art fr 10 years.D. His wrks integrate technlgy and histry.
6. Which f the fllwing best describes Davangere?
A. Reliable.B. Cnfident.C. Devted.D. Generus.
7. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. E-waste Recycling Sweeping the WrldB. Envirnmental Prblems Wrrying Indians
C. An Art Mvement Turning Trash int CashD. Indian Creatives Transfrming E-waste int Art
C
In 1921, Karel Čapek’s play R. U. R.: Rssum’s Universal Rbts had its first public perfrmance in Prague, and was translated int English the fllwing year. He needed a name fr the factry prduced humanid wrkers f the stry, and was thinking f cining smething based n the wrd “labur”. But his brther Jsef suggested an ld Czech wrd fr “frced labur”, rbta. And the wrd “rbt” was brn.
If the Čapeks had knwn English, they might have chsen ne f the wrds with relevant senses that were already in the language. “Autmatn” had been available since the 17th century and “andrid” since the 18th. But the clear sund f “rbt” seemed t capture the public imaginatin, because within five years it was being used nt nly fr intelligent artificial beings but fr any machine capable f carrying ut a cmplex set f mvements.
In science fictins(小说), the wrd tk n new life, with writers such as Isaac Asimv writing well-regarded nvels in which rbts played a central rle. It was these writers wh first shrtened “rbt”t“bt”, but nne f them culd have expected the explsin f usages which arrived in the 1990s, as the shrtened wrd came t be adpted in cmputing. Tday, a bt is any piece f sftware that runs an autmated task, such as in searching the Internet r playing cmputer games. It has als becme a suffix (后缀), with the functin f the“bt”explained in the ther part f the wrd, as in searchbt, infbt, spybt and warbt.
As early as 1923, Gerge Bernard Shaw had applied the wrd “rbt” t peple wh act autmatically, withut thinking r emtin, usually because f the repetitive wrk they have t d. Nw anyne having autmatn-like behaviur risks attracting the label. A mvie star called Samantha wh has taken n the same type f character t many times might have her rles described as “Samanthabts.” And in 2009 “Obamabts” arrived-peple wh supprt Barack Obama withut really knwing anything abut him.
8. What des the underlined wrd “cining” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Delivering.B. Predicting.C. Inventing.D. Recmmending.
9. Hw did the wrd “rbt” develp in the 1990s?
A. It was n lnger linked with machines.B. It was gradually replaced by “andrid”.
C. It was shrtened and used in cmputing.D. It was nly adpted in well-regarded nvels.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. The usage f “rbt” in different situatins.
B. The impact f “rbt” n peple’s behaviur.
C. The ppularity f “rbt” amng mvie stars.
D. The cnnectin f “rbt” with public figures.
11. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A writer’s bigraphy.B. A science fictin.
C. A technlgy newspaper.D. A language encyclpedia.
D
The rad t a Nbel Prize, the mst respected scientific award in the wrld, is grwing ever lnger, with almst half f winners nw waiting mre than 20 years frm making a Nbel-wrthy discvery t receiving the prize.
One analysis shws that the average time between publishing the wrk and receiving ne f the science prizes has nearly dubled in the past 60 years. Acrss the three science prizes, chemistry nw has the lngest “Nbel lag”—an average f 30 years ver the past decade—and physilgy r medicine has the shrtest, at 26 years.
Alfred Nbel’s will stated that the prizes shuld be awarded “t thse wh, during the previus year, shall have given the greatest benefit t mankind.” In reality this has nly happened a few times. But in the first half f the twentieth century, it was cmmn fr Nbel prize winners t be in their 30s -and that is unheard f nw, says Sant Frtunat, nw a cmputatinal scial scientist at Indiana University.
There are a number f pssible reasns fr this, says Yian Yin, a cmputatinal scial scientist at Crnell University. It culd be that the verall number f breakthrughs is increasing each year, s awards cannt keep up with the number f peple wh deserve t be recgnized, he says. It is als the case that the imprtance f sme wrks, which Yin describes as “sleeping beauties” are nly realized years r decades later. Besides, the lengthening gap culd be a sign that there has been a decrease in “disruptive” science - imprtant studies r discveries that change the paradigm (范式) f their field. This culd be causing the Nbel cmmittees t fcus mre n the past.
Frtunat pints ut that, if the gap cntinues t grw, utstanding scientists culd miss ut n the award wing t the Nbel Cmmittee’s rule banning psthumus prizes (追授奖项). “It has t stp at sme pint,” he says, adding that a rethink f the psthumus-awarding ban wuld allw mre peple’s wrk t get the recgnitin that it deserves.
12. Why des the writer mentin the numbers in the first tw paragraphs?
A. T explain a rule.B. T present a fact.
C. T clarify a cncept.D. T make a predictin.
13. What can we learn abut the Nbel prize winners frm the paragraph 3?
A. Nne f them are in their 30s nwadays.B. Their names are unheard f by the public.
C. Nne f them receive the prizes several times.D. They must make cntributins the year befre.
14. Why might be a cause f the Nbel lag?
A. The change in standards.B. The requirement f the award.
C. The increase in breakthrughs.D. The traditin f the cmmittees.
15. What des Frtunat suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Recnsidering the current rule.B. Establishing a better cmmittee.
C. Stpping the award presentatin.D. Recgnizing mre peple’s wrk.
参考答案：
浙江省舟山市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题
21．C 22．B 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同类型卢浮宫的门票的相关信息。
21．细节理解题。根据If yu are Shrt n Time部分“These entry tickets prvide skip-the-line access, allwing yu t bypass lng queues.(这些入场券提供了插队通道，让您可以绕过长队)”可知，时间紧迫的游客门票的主要优势是可以避免排长队。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据If yu are n a Budget部分“These day-lng valid tickets will let yu walk arund and brwse thrugh bth the 38,000 permanent wrks and the many temprary exhibits at yur wn pace.(这些为期一天有效的门票将让你以自己的节奏四处走动，浏览38000件永久作品和许多临时展品)”可知，预算有限的游客门票提供一天有效期。故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据If yu are Shrt n Time部分“These entry tickets prvide skip-the-line access, allwing yu t bypass lng queues. G n a carefully tailred 2 t 3-hur guided tur with an audi headset t keep yu frm missing ut n any explanatin.(这些入场券提供了插队通道，让您可以绕过长队。带着音频耳机，进行精心定制的2到3小时导游之旅，以免错过任何解释)”以及If yu are Travelling with Kids部分“With skip-the-line tickets, yu can avid lng queues int the museum. The shrt, specialized tur will als fcus n the majr highlights f the Luvre, making them perfect fr families with kids. A prfessinal guide will accmpany yu, prviding fascinating insights in a kid-friendly manner.(有了插队票，你就可以避免博物馆排长队了。这次简短的专业之旅还将聚焦于卢浮宫的主要亮点，使其成为有孩子的家庭的完美之选。专业导游将陪伴您，以儿童友好的方式提供引人入胜的见解)”可知，两种门票的共同点在于都提供快速通道，可以绕过排长队，并且都提供导游服务。故选D项。
24．B 25．B 26．C 27．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ec Wave Pwer公司首席执行官Inna Braverman采用陆基发电站的创新方案利用波浪能进行环保发电的事迹。
24．推理判断题。通读前两段，根据第二段中“Grwing up, she felt it her purpse t find green and sustainable energy. (在成长过程中，她觉得找到绿色和可持续的能源是她的目标。)”可知，Inna的早期经历促使她探索绿色能源解决方案。故选B项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inna fund that previus wave energy develpers have decided t pursue ffshre technlgies, cntributing t huge installatin and maintenance csts, incredibly vulnerable statins in strms, and cnsequently lack f funding. Her innvative versin, hwever, is t install the pwer statin n land. (Inna发现，以前的波浪能开发商已经决定采用海上技术，这导致了巨大的安装和维护成本，以及在风暴中非常脆弱的站点，因此缺乏资金。然而，她的创新方案是将发电站安装在陆地上。)”可知，本段的目的是突出Inna Braverman对波浪能的创新方法。故选B项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inna fund that previus wave energy develpers have decided t pursue ffshre technlgies, cntributing t huge installatin and maintenance csts, incredibly vulnerable statins in strms, and cnsequently lack f funding. Her innvative versin, hwever, is t install the pwer statin n land. (Inna发现，以前的波浪能开发商已经决定采用海上技术，这导致了巨大的安装和维护成本，以及在风暴中非常脆弱的站点，因此缺乏资金。然而，她的创新方案是将发电站安装在陆地上。)”可知，Inna Braverman对波能的研究方法与之前不同的是将发电站安装在陆地上。故选C项。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Accrding t the United Natins, 60 percent f glbal greenhuse gas emissins cme directly frm the way that we currently prduce ur electricity.71 percent f the earth is cvered in water yet nly arund 1.5 percent f the glbal energy is prduced thrugh wave pwer. That’s what inspired Ec Wave Pwer CEO, Inna Braverman t take n the challenge. (根据联合国的数据，全球60%的温室气体排放直接来自我们目前的发电方式。71%的地球被水覆盖，但只有1.5%的全球能源是通过波浪能产生的。这就是Ec Wave Pwer公司首席执行官Inna Braverman接受挑战的原因。)”和第三段中“Her innvative versin, hwever, is t install the pwer statin n land. (然而，她的创新方案是将发电站安装在陆地上。)”可知，本文讲述了Ec Wave Pwer公司首席执行官Inna Braverman采用陆基发电站的创新方案利用波浪能进行环保发电的事迹。C“陆基波浪能：绿色电力的创新”符合主题，故选C项。
28．C 29．D 30．C 31．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来童工问题的严重性及其社会原因。
28．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“As f 2020, arund 160 millin children wrked as child labrers, which means that ne child in 10 was a child labrer. (截至2020年，约有1.6亿儿童成为童工，这意味着每10个儿童中就有一个是童工。)”说明一直到最近依然有相当多的童工，在解决童工问题上没有进展。从而推知划线词句“Overall, child labr has decreased ver the past 20 years, but in recent years, this prgress has stalled. (总体而言，童工在过去20年中有所减少，但近年来，这一进展stalled。)”其中划线部分意思是“停滞不前，没有进展”。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Child labr is distinguished frm rdinary husewrk, helping with a family business r wrking t earn pcket mney after schl. Wrk dne by children is classified as child labr when it harms the child physically, mentally, scially r mrally, r when it hinders(阻碍) the child’s educatin. (童工不同于普通的家务劳动，帮助家庭经营或在放学后打工赚零花钱。儿童从事的工作如果在身体、精神、社会或道德上对儿童造成伤害，或妨碍儿童的教育，就被归类为童工。)”并结合选项可以推知，每个工作日的下午都在鞋店工作可以被归类为童工。故选D项。
30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Abut 79 millin children are engaged in hazardus child labr. Smetimes this means the wrk is extremely dangerus because f heavy machinery r expsure t chemicals. Hazardus child labr can als invlve harsh cnditins, lng hurs, r expsure t varius kinds f abuse. (约有7900万儿童从事危险的童工劳动。有时这意味着工作是非常危险的，因为重型机械或接触化学品。危险的童工还包括恶劣的条件、长时间工作或遭受各种虐待。)”可知，本段主要讲童工问题的严重性。故选C项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Child labr and pverty ften g hand in hand as parents feel that remving their children frm schl is necessary t earn mney s the family can survive. (童工和贫困常常相伴而行，因为父母认为让孩子辍学是赚钱养家的必要条件。)”可以推知，贫困家庭的父母不会尽力反对使用童工的现象。故选B项。
32．D 33．C 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一位自称“森林侦探”的森林生态学教授Suzanne Simard对于“宽木网”的研究改变了人们对于森林的理解，真菌和树木可以互助互利。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“Her research n the “wd wide web” made the cver f Nature and transfrmed ur understanding f frests. What was then a challenge t traditinal ideas is tday widely accepted.(她对“宽木网”的研究成为了《自然》的封面，改变了我们对森林的理解。当时对传统观念的挑战如今已被广泛接受)”可知，Suzanne Simard提出的“宽木网”的想法在当时是对传统观念的挑战。故选D。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“These threads are called hyphae (菌丝). Hyphae cnnect themselves t tree rts. They als stretch frm rt system t rt system, like an undergrund netwrk. This netwrk may g fr miles. Hyphae pick up nutrients and water frm sil. The fungus threads that cnnect t tree rts share their nutrients and water with the trees. In return, they sip a bit f the sugar the trees make. Sharing helps bth trees and mushrms live. It’s als hw trees cmmunicate.(这些线被称为菌丝。菌丝与树根相连。它们也从一个根系延伸到另一个根系，就像一个地下网络。这个网络可以延伸数英里。菌丝从土壤中吸收养分和水分。与树根相连的真菌丝与树木共享营养和水分。作为回报，它们吸收一点树木做的糖。分享有助于树木和蘑菇的生存。这也是树木交流的方式)”可知，菌丝促进树木之间的交流、形成地下网络并与树木共享营养和水分，“菌丝生产糖并与树木分享”表述错误。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“When a tree is being eaten by bugs, it makes chemicals t sh them away, srt f like bug repellent (驱虫剂). The chemicals travel thrugh the tree, dwn its rts, and int the hyphae netwrk. Other trees cnnected t the netwrk taste the chemicals. That tells them a nearby tree is under attack, s they start t make their wn bug repellent.(当一棵树被虫子吃时，它会制造化学物质将它们赶走，有点像驱虫剂。这些化学物质穿过树木，从根部进入菌丝网络。其他连接到菌丝网络的树木品尝这些化学物质。这告诉它们附近的一棵树受到了攻击，所以他们开始自己制造驱虫剂)”可知，树木通过网络发送化学物质作为信号，告诉附近的树木自己受到了昆虫的攻击，以便于其他树木制造驱虫剂以应对昆虫的攻击。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Micrbes in frests dminated by AM fungi deal with carbn-cntaining rganic matter faster, s they culd liberate lts f heat-trapping carbn dixide quickly, ptentially accelerating a climate change prcess that is already happening at a frightening pace.(以AM真菌为主的森林中的微生物处理含碳有机物的速度更快，因此它们可以迅速释放出大量吸热的二氧化碳，这可能会加速已经以可怕的速度发生的气候变化过程)”可知，用AM相关树替换EM相关树可能会加速气候变化。故选C。
浙江省湖州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末调研测英语试卷
1．D 2．D 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家公园以及旅游特色。
1．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Banff has many hiking trails and campsites, and winter visitrs snwshe, ski, and skate.(班夫有许多徒步小径和露营地，冬季游客可以穿雪鞋、滑雪和滑冰)”可知，班夫国家公园最适合冬季运动爱好者。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Banff was Canada’s first natinal park, and is knwn fr its muntain peaks, its hundreds f glaciers, and glacier-fed lakes such as Lake Luise.(班夫是加拿大的第一个国家公园，以其山峰、数百座冰川和路易斯湖等冰川湖泊而闻名)”可知，班夫国家公园是加拿大第一个国家公园。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“With a huge variety f animals, plants, and gelgical features, it’s n surprise the Rcky Muntains hst many natinal parks in bth the US and Canada. Here are a few f the natinal parks in the regin dedicated t preserving the unique envirnments f the Rcky Muntains.(落基山脉拥有种类繁多的动物、植物和地质特征，因此在美国和加拿大拥有许多国家公园也就不足为奇了。这里有几个国家公园致力于保护落基山脉的独特环境)”以及最后一段“Banff has many hiking trails and campsites, and winter visitrs snwshe, ski, and skate.(班夫有许多徒步小径和露营地，冬季游客可以穿雪鞋、滑雪和滑冰)”可知，文章主要介绍了四个国家公园以及旅游特色。由此推知，文章做可能选自一本旅游手册。故选B。
4．D 5．B 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是牛仔裤的由来。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One day, a miner tld Levi that he culd nt find trusers that were strng enugh fr wrk in the gld mines. Levi decided t make sme trusers ut f canvas.( 一天，一个矿工告诉Levi，他找不到在金矿工作时穿的结实的裤子。Levi决定用帆布做一些裤子。)”可知，有矿工告诉Levi他们找不到在金矿工作时结实的裤子，Levi决定用帆布做一些裤子，由此可知，Levi最初作牛仔裤是为了满足矿工的需要。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Hwever, the canvas was rather heavy and stiff Levi therefre began t lk fr a different textile; sn he fund a heavy textile frm France; it was called serge de Nimes. Americans just called this de Nimes, and this name sn gt reduced t denim.(然而，帆布又重又硬，因此Levi开始寻找一种不同的纺织品；很快，他找到了一件来自法国的重纺织品；它叫serge de Nimes。美国人把它叫做de Nimes，这个名字很快就变成了denim。)”可知，denim是Levi寻找到的以一种纺织布，原来叫做serge de Nimes，使用来自于法国的重纺织品，叫做serge de Nimes，由此可知，denim是从法国引进的。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Levi Strauss therefre decided t use clred denim, and he chse dark blue. In 1873, he began t make denim trusers with metal rivets t make them strnger.(因此，Levi决定使用彩色牛仔布，他选择了深蓝色。1873年，他开始制作带有金属铆钉的牛仔裤，以使其更加坚固。)”可知，在了解到矿工不喜欢白色的牛仔布时，Levi开始选择使用深蓝色，为使牛仔裤坚固，开始制作带有金属铆钉的牛仔裤，由此可知，Levi是一个很有创新能力的人，根据第六段中的“Hwever, the canvas was rather heavy and stiff Levi therefre began t lk fr a different textile; sn he fund a heavy textile frm France;(然而，帆布又重又硬，因此Levi开始寻找一种不同的纺织品；很快，他找到了一件来自法国的重纺织品)”可知，在发现帆布存在的问题后Levi开始寻找不同的纺织品，最后找到了来自于法国的重纺织品，由此可知，Levi是一个全心全意的人，由此可知，Levi是一个富有创新思想和全心全意的人。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。根据首段“In 1996, smene fund sme very ld clthes in an ld mine in Nevada, USA; they included a pair f dirty ld jeans. Tday, thse jeans are very valuable, and they are nw in the Levi Strauss Archival Cllectin, in San Francisc. The jeans, which are ver 140 years ld, are the ldest pair f Levi’s 501 jeans in the wrld.(1996年，有在美国内华达州的一个旧矿里发现了一些非常旧的衣服；其中包括一条又脏又旧的牛仔裤。今天，这些牛仔裤非常有价值，它们现在在旧金山的Levi档案收藏中。这条牛仔裤有140多年的历史，是世界上最古老的Levi 的501牛仔裤。)”可知，本段介绍1996年发现的一件牛仔裤是世界上最古老的牛仔裤，它是Levi的501牛仔裤，由此引出本文讲述的话题，结合下文中介绍的Levi制造牛仔裤的原因，选择牛仔裤的用料和以及颜色的改进可知，本文主要介绍的是牛仔裤的由来。故选C项。
8．A 9．D 10．C 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴西科学家发现当地亚马逊森林中的黑土可能可以帮助人们恢复森林生态系统，这种黑土富含有益的微生物，有助于土壤中成分的转化，帮助植物的生长，但这种黑土形成所需的时间较长，因此科学家只能通过复刻其特征来尝试恢复自然栖息地。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Brazilian scientists think they might have fund a way t reverse the damage caused by defrestatin and turn farmland back int frest. The secret lies in ancient lcal knwledge f sil. (巴西科学家认为，他们可能已经找到了一种方法，可以扭转森林砍伐造成的破坏，让农田重新变成森林。秘密在于当地古老的土壤知识)”可知，这些科学家在尝试恢复被破坏的森林。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Amaznian peple, tday knwn as Amerindians, created ADE using charcal frm fires, animal bnes, fd waste and p. It cntains micrbes, including bacteria that help t turn chemicals in the sil int useful nutrients that feed plants and trees. (亚马逊人，今天被称为美洲印第安人，用木炭、动物骨头、食物垃圾和粪便创造了亚马逊黑土。它含有微生物，包括有助于将土壤中的化学物质转化为植物和树木所需的有用营养物质的细菌)”可知，亚马逊黑土的特别之处在于亚马逊人创造它的方法使它最终含有一些细菌，有利于土壤成分的转化。故选D项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Scientists are lking fr a way t turn grassland back int rainfrest and revive frest ecsystems. These supprt thusands f animal and plant species, many f them unique t the area. Frests als absrb lts f carbn dixide, a gas that cause climate change. (科学家们正在寻找一种将草原变回雨林并恢复森林生态系统的方法。这些系统滋养成千上万的动植物物种，其中许多是该地区独有的。森林还会吸收大量二氧化碳，这是一种导致气候变化的气体)”可知，本段主要介绍恢复森林生态系统带来的好处，包括滋养特有的生物，以及吸收二氧化碳，即森林生态系统的重要性。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Team member, Dr. Siu Mui Tsai, said that instead they want t try and “cpy its characteristics”, especially its helpful micrbes, and see if it culd help t restre natural habitats. (团队成员Siu Mui Tsai博士说，相反，他们想尝试“复制它的特征”，尤其是它的有益微生物，看看它是否有助于恢复自然栖息地)”可知，他希望通过创造与亚马逊黑土类似的物质，尤其是其中的有益微生物，来恢复自然栖息地。由此推知，他会赞同“微生物对森林的恢复是有益的”的观点。故选C项。
12．A 13．C 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有科学证据表明，注意力持续时间已经大幅缩短。文章说明了较短的注意力持续时间有三个缺点、注意力持续时间变短的原因以及我们如何应对的建议。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Mark maintains that a shrter attentin span has three dwnsides: The first is that peple make mre errrs when they d attentin shifting; secnd dwnside is that it takes lnger t d smething, because we have t adjust t every new task every time we shift; the third dwnside — maybe this is the wrst f all — is that stress increases. When peple are wrking n multiple tasks and they have t shift their attentin, their bld pressure rises.(马克认为，较短的注意力持续时间有三个缺点：首先，人们在注意力转移时犯了更多的错误；第二个缺点是，做某件事需要更长的时间，因为每次转换时，我们都必须适应每一项新任务；第三个缺点——也许是最糟糕的——是压力增加。当人们同时处理多项任务，不得不转移注意力时，他们的血压就会升高)”可知，第二段的主要内容是注意力持续时间短的负面影响。故选A。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“If it’s just bredm r prcrastinatin (拖延症), make a deal with yurself t wrk anther 20 minutes, and then treat yurself t a reward.(如果只是无聊或拖延，跟自己约定再工作20分钟，然后给自己一个奖励)”可知，马克建议当你渴望改变任务的时候，要分析一下原因，来让自己保持专注。故划线词意思是“渴望”。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“S she ffered a cuple f tips fr staying fcused: First, when yu feel the itch t change tasks, analyze why. If it’s just bredm r prcrastinatin (拖延症), make a deal with yurself t wrk anther 20 minutes, and then treat yurself t a reward.(因此，她提供了一些保持专注的建议：首先，当你想要改变任务时，分析一下原因。如果只是无聊或拖延，跟自己约定再工作20分钟，然后给自己一个奖励)”可知，格洛丽亚·马克建议在改变你的任务之前，有必要三思而后行。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Des it ever seem like smething is ging n with ur attentin spans? Glria Mark, an attentin researcher at the university f Califrnia, says there is scientific evidence that attentin spans have shrunk cnsiderably.(我们的注意力有没有出现过变化？加利福尼亚大学的注意力研究员Glria Mark表示，有科学证据表明，注意力持续时间已经大幅缩短)”结合文章主要说明了有科学证据表明，注意力持续时间已经大幅缩短。文章说明了较短的注意力持续时间有三个缺点、注意力持续时间变短的原因以及我们如何应对的建议。由此可知，D选项“我们能做些什么来延长注意力的持续时间？”最符合文章标题。故选D。
浙江省嘉兴市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末检测英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新加坡四个非常棒儿童发廊。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Kids ‘N’ Me部分“It’s dwn t the experienced hairstylists, wh are knwn and lved fr their awesme kids’ haircuts fr ftball matches, frm simple “shrt back and sides” t a full-n Mhawk.(这要归功于经验丰富的发型师，他们以在足球比赛中为孩子们剪的漂亮发型而闻名和喜爱，从简单的“短背和侧边”到全套莫霍克发型)”可知，一个男孩可能会在Kids ‘N’ Me为足球比赛理发。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章LA Kids Cwby部分“It’s Singapre’s first parent-child haircut and styling cncept. (这是新加坡首个亲子理发和造型概念)”可知，LA Kids Cwby提供成人理发服务。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Taking tddler s t the hairdressers isn’t always a walk in the park. But wrry n mre. There are lts f great kids’ hair salns in Singapre that make the whle prcess a breeze.(带蹒跚学步的孩子去理发店并不是像在公园里散步一样简单。但别再担心了。新加坡有很多很棒的儿童发廊，让整个过程变得轻而易举)”可知，文本的目标读者是有小孩子的家长。故选A项。
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述银行工作的女孩Anna Sacks为寻求更有意义的生活，参加了一个名为Adamah的项目，因此关注到了消费文化的不良影响，并为此寻找解决措施。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Wrking at a cmmercial bank in New Yrk City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks sensed a lack f meaning in her life. She wanted t d smething mre fulfilling.(2010年代中期，Anna Sacks在纽约市的一家商业银行工作，她感觉到自己的生活缺乏意义。她想做一些更有成就感的事情)”及第二段“Sacks packed up her life and mved t Cnnecticut fr three mnths t participate in Adamah, a farming prgram that fcuses n sustainable living and grwing sustainable fd.(Sacks结束了她的生活，搬到康涅狄格州参加Adamah项目，为期三个月，这是一个专注于可持续生活和种植可持续食品的农业项目)”可知，她对有意义的生活的渴望促使Anna Sacks加入Adamah项目。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段““One f the things that really stuck with me frm Adamah was hw little waste they prduced and hw they handled the waste they did have, mstly thrugh cmpsting,” she says.(她说：“Adamah让我印象深刻的一件事是，他们产生的废物是多么的少，以及他们如何处理他们所拥有的废物，主要是通过堆肥”)”可知，Anna Sacks发现Adamah项目的可持续生活实践令人印象深刻。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The Adamah prgram pened Sacks’s eyes t the damage cnsumer culture is ding and the need t find slutins. S in 2016, she started wrking with a fd rescue prgram, and in 2017, she fund her true calling—what she calls “trash walking”.(Adamah项目让Sacks看到了消费者文化正在造成的损害以及寻找解决方案的必要性。因此，2016年，她开始参与一个食品救援项目，2017年，她找到了自己真正的职业——她称之为“垃圾漫步”)”可知，Anna Sacks开始了她的“垃圾漫步”计划，以应对消费者文化的破坏。故选D项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The lessn frm her trash walking isn’t just that we need t prduce less stuff. It’s that we need t stp thrwing perfectly gd items in the trash t.(她的“垃圾漫步”经验不仅仅是我们需要减少生产。我们也需要停止把非常好的东西扔进垃圾桶)”可知，作者主张充分利用产品来减少浪费。故选D项。
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了个人幸福与国家幸福之间的关系以及对对国家幸福产生影响的因素。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段““All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its wn way,” pens Le Tlsty’s nvel Anna Karenina. While Tlsty’s qute is famus, it is als inaccurate. It ignres the fact that happiness is a subjective (主观的) experience. Therefre, happy families and individuals cme in all shapes and sizes. Even natins, we nw knw, can be happy in different ways.(“所有幸福的家庭都是相似的；每个不幸的家庭各有各的不幸，”列夫·托尔斯泰的小说《安娜·卡列尼娜》开篇说道。虽然托尔斯泰的这句话很有名，但它也不准确。它忽略了一个事实，即幸福是一种主观体验。因此，幸福的家庭和个人是各种各样的。我们现在知道，即使是国家，也可以以不同的方式获得幸福)”结合下文对该话题的讨论推知，作者引用列夫·托尔斯泰的话是为了引入幸福的话题。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Happier peple mre ften engage in their cmmunities and help thers, making them imprtant building blcks fr advancing scieties. S natins wrldwide have increasingly fcused n prmting peple’s happiness.(更快乐的人更经常参与他们的社区并帮助他人，使他们成为推动社会发展的重要基石。因此，世界各国越来越关注促进人民的幸福)”可知，各国都非常重视人民的幸福因为个人幸福对社会进步有积极贡献。故选C。
10题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全段，并结合本段第一句“A cuntry’s culture als influences subjective well-being. It is frequently analyzed frm fur main aspects: individualism, masculinity (男子气概), pwer distance and uncertainty avidance. (一个国家的文化也会影响主观幸福感。人们经常从个人主义、男子气概、权力距离和不确定性规避四个主要方面来分析)”可知，第四段的主要内容是文化对幸福的影响。故选D。
【11题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“gvernments wrldwide shuld adpt a flexible apprach t plicy making, recgnizing that there is n ne-size-fits-all apprach t prmting well-being”可知，世界各国政府应该采取灵活的政策制定方法，认识到促进福祉没有放之四海而皆准的方法，这是这项研究所得出的结论/要点。故划线词与“message（主旨，要旨）”意义贴近。故选A。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当植物受到干旱的破坏或压力时，会发出超声波尖叫。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Insects might be listening fr sunds frm stressed plants t assess their cnditin befre laying eggs n their leaves. A mth may decide against laying eggs n a plant that sunds water-stressed.(昆虫在叶子上产卵之前，可能会倾听有压力的植物的声音，以评估它们的状况。蛾可能会决定不在听起来有水分胁迫的植物上产卵)”可知，第二段提到了飞蛾，以表明一些动物能够听到植物的尖叫。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The micrphnes did pick up distinct sunds. On average, drught-stressed tmat plants let ut abut 35 ultrasnic screams per hur, while thse with cut stems made abut 25. Drught-stressed tbacc plants let ut abut 11 screams per hur, and cut crps made abut 15 sunds in the same time. The average number f sunds frm untuched plants fell belw ne per hur.(麦克风确实能听到不同的声音。平均而言，干旱胁迫下的番茄植株每小时发出约35声超声波尖叫，而那些切茎的番茄植株则发出约25声。干旱胁迫下的烟草植株每小时发出约11声尖叫，同时被割的作物发出约15声声音。未受影响的植物发出的平均声音数降至每小时一次以下)”可知，同种植物压力类型不同，尖叫次数不同。由此推知，植物的尖叫在某种程度上与压力类型有关。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In future, enabling farmers t listen fr water-stressed plants culd “pen a new directin”, which will be increasingly imprtant as climate change expses mre areas t drught.(未来，让农民能够倾听缺水植物的声音可能会“开辟一个新的方向”，随着气候变化使更多地区面临干旱，这一点将变得越来越重要)”可知，这一新的发现可以让农民能够听到缺水植物的声音，农民就可以快速判断植物当前处于缺水的状况。由此推知，这一段重点介绍了研究结果的潜在应用。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“Researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel has fund that plants let ut ultrasnic screams when damaged r stressed by drught.(以色列特拉维夫大学的研究人员发现，当植物受到干旱的破坏或压力时，会发出超声波尖叫)”可知，文章主要是关于植物在受到缺水或者被砍断时的压力时，它们会发出声音。由此可知，C项“绿色尖叫：植物在受到压力时会发出噪音”适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。
浙江省台州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末质量评估英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个Big Bang比赛，比赛目的主要是激发年轻人的创造力，介绍了参赛日期和奖项等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“D yu knw the next space explrer r climate change her? Gt an idea that will transfrm peple’s lives? Inspire inquisitive minds t think big, challenge facts, ask questins and invent slutins with the UK’s tp annual science and engineering cmpetitin. (你知道下一个太空探险家或气候变化英雄吗？你有什么想法可以改变人们的生活吗？激发好奇的头脑，大展宏图，挑战事实，提出问题，并通过英国顶级年度科学和工程竞赛发明解决方案。)”可知，Big Bang大赛的目的是激发年轻人的创造力，创造更好的生活。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Big Bang Cmpetitin ffers a fantastic pprtunity fr yung peple t win amazing prizes in recgnitin fr their hard wrk. (Big Bang比赛为年轻人提供了一个赢得奖励的绝佳机会，以表彰他们的辛勤工作。)”可知，获奖者将因他们的努力而获得大奖。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要介绍了一个Big Bang比赛，比赛目的主要是激发年轻人的创造力，介绍了参赛日期和奖项等。可推知，文章可能取自网站的“科学技术”部分。故选B。
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Bbby Wilsn用他的退休储蓄购买并经营了一个非营利性农场——亚特兰大都市农场——来为当地社区提供健康的食品。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“While wrking fr the University f Gergia fr twenty years in gardening educatin, he saw a real need fr affrdable, nutritius fd in his under-served cmmunity in the Atlanta metrplitan area.(当他在佐治亚大学从事园艺教育工作20年的时候，他看到了亚特兰大大都会地区服务不足的社区对价格合理、营养丰富的食物的真正需求)”可知，鲍比·威尔逊买亚特兰大都市农场是为了给社区提供健康食品。故选B。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It’s getting harder and harder fr peple t affrd nutritius fd.(人们越来越难以买得起有营养食物了)”可知，人们越来越难以买得起有营养的食物了，说明全国各地的家庭都财务困难。故划线词意思是“财务困难”。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“S he pured his time, mney and energy int stepping up t fill that need and cmbat fd insecurity. He dedicated his life t helping his cmmunity and t creating a healthier, mre sustainable wrld fr his grandchildren.(因此，他投入了时间、金钱和精力来填补这一需求，并解决粮食不安全问题。他一生致力于帮助他的社区，为他的孙子们创造一个更健康、更可持续的世界)”以及第三段“S Bbby Wilsn is n a missin t help families in his disadvantaged neighbrhd grw their wn fd n small tracts f land using sustainable practices. At a time when thusands f husehlds are struggling t make ends meet, Wilsn insists that peple can save thusands f dllars if they grw their wn vegetables.(因此，鲍比·威尔逊的使命是帮助贫困社区的家庭利用可持续的做法，在小块土地上种植自己的食物。在成千上万的家庭都在努力维持收支平衡的时候，威尔逊坚持认为，如果人们自己种菜，可以节省数千美元)”可推知，鲍比·威尔逊慷慨且有奉献精神。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Bbby Wilsn is retired. Well, he’s suppsed t be. But the Gergia farmer, “The Garden Man” named by his cmmunity, used his retirement savings t buy and perate a nnprfit farm—the Metr Atlanta Urban Farm-and he hasn’t slwed dwn since.(鲍比·威尔逊退休了。他应该是这样的。但这位佐治亚州的农民，被他的社区称为“花园人”，用他的退休储蓄购买并经营了一个非营利性农场——亚特兰大都市农场——从那以后他就没有放慢过脚步)”结合文章主要说明了Bbby Wilsn用他的退休储蓄购买并经营了一个非营利性农场——亚特兰大都市农场——来为当地社区提供健康的食品。可知，D选项“园丁用退休金养活一个社区”最符合文章标题。故选D。
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造肉在全世界的推广力度越来越大，但未来还有好多工作要做。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Cnsumers may sn find meat n restaurant menus that has never walked the earth—grwn frm cell t fillet（肉块）. The prduct, called “cultured” r “cultivated” meat, is reaching mre plates. Cultivated chicken has been sld in a Singapre restaurant since 2020, and recently the Department f Agriculture apprved the sale f cultured chicken in the United States.(消费者可能很快就会在餐馆的菜单上发现，从细胞到肉块从未在地球上生长过的肉，这种被称为“栽培”或“培养”肉的产品正在进入更多的盘子。自2020年以来，新加坡的一家餐馆就开始销售人造鸡，最近美国农业部批准了在美国销售人造鸡。)”可知，文章第一段主要讲了人造肉的推广力度越来越大。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The cmpany has made public their wn nutrient analysis, evaluated by the Fd and Drug Administratin, which reveals that the nutritinal prfiles f their prducts are almst identical t cnventinal meats.(该公司公布了他们自己的营养分析，经食品和药物管理局评估，结果显示他们产品的营养成分几乎与传统肉类相同。)”可知，人造肉在营养成分方面与传统肉类相似。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“By alleviating the raising and killing f animals, cultured meat cmpanies say their prduct helps reduce animal cruelty and will be better fr the envirnment. Their prcess uses far less land because there’s n need t huse animals r grw their feed. Cultured beef, especially, culd reduce the number f cattle n farms-a significant surce f methane emissins(人造肉公司表示，通过减少饲养和杀害动物，他们的产品有助于减少虐待动物的行为，对环境也有好处。他们的生产过程占用的土地要少得多，因为不需要饲养动物或种植饲料。尤其是人造牛肉，可以减少农场上牛的数量——这是甲烷排放的一个重要来源)”可知，作者在第3段提到人造牛肉是为了强调培养肉的环境效益。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While cultured meat’s widespread cnsumptin and impact n the ecnmy seem a step clser t reality, scientists, philsphers, and the prduct’s wn manufacturers acknwledge years f wrk lie ahead.(虽然人造肉的广泛消费和对经济的影响似乎离现实更近了一步，但科学家、哲学家和该产品的制造商承认，未来还有多年的工作要做。)”可知，科学家对未来食用人造肉持谨慎态度。故选A项。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候问题急需解决，这让作者想起了科幻作家提出的解决方案以及作者对这些方法的看法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Right nw, summers are getting htter, winters clder and the plar ice is melting at an alarming rate. Extreme weather events and natural disasters frequently ccur. The climate time-bmb is ticking. Strict measures must be taken t tackle the prblem. (现在，夏天越来越热，冬天越来越冷，极地的冰正在以惊人的速度融化。极端天气事件和自然灾害频发。气候定时炸弹正在滴答作响。必须采取严格的措施来解决这个问题)”可知，气候问题急需解决。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“I guess it’s “life imitating art”. When I was yung there were stries abut rckets ging int space and even ging t the mn, althugh there had never been a rcket int space at that time. Years later, Russia launched Sputnik, the first man-made bject t g int earth rbit and later the US landed peple and even a car n the mn.(我猜这是“模仿艺术的生活”。当我小的时候，有关于火箭进入太空甚至登月的故事，尽管那时还没有火箭进入太空。几年后，俄罗斯发射了第一个进入地球轨道的人造物体“斯普特尼克”号，后来美国将人类甚至汽车送上了月球)”可推知，作者通过举例来解释“生活模仿艺术”的概念。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That age, if I remember crrectly, was usually abut 60 and when yu reached that yu were suppsed t turn yurself ver t a gvernment facility where yu wuld be put t death.(如果我没记错的话，这个年龄通常是60岁左右，当你达到这个年龄时，你应该把自己交给政府机构，在那里你会被处死)”可知，气候问题的可能解决方案是强行处死老年人让作者担忧。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It reminds me f hw the lives we live seem t fllw rughly in the way put frward years earlier by the writers f science-fictin.(它让我想起，我们的生活似乎是按照多年前科幻作家提出的方式大致进行的)”以及最后一段“The answers, at least s far, cncentrate n managing thse resurces and the ways in which we use them. Hwever, I wnder if the day will cme when life will imitate the art f the ld science-fictin stries and smene will prpse limiting the number f peple n the planet as a way f making it mre suitable fr thse wh are left. It’s a grave thing t predict. (至少到目前为止，答案集中在管理这些资源和我们使用它们的方式上。然而，我想知道是否有一天，生活将模仿古老的科幻故事的艺术，有人会建议限制地球上的人口数量，以使它更适合那些剩下的人。这是一件很难预测的事情)”可推知，作者提到气候问题急需解决和未来难以预测都是冷静的语气进行说明的。故选A。
浙江省温州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末教学质量统一检测英语试题（A卷）
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加州一些全国最美丽的植物园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由文章San Francisc Btanical Garden部分中“Because in Duchang. (这个花园位于金门公园，有9000多种植物。)”、Califrnia Btanic Garden部分中“As a living museum, the Califrnia Btanic Garden features ver 22,000 Califrnia-native plant species, many f which are endangered species. (作为一个活生生的博物馆，加州植物园拥有超过22,000种加州本土植物，其中许多是濒危物种。)”、UC Btanical Garden at Berkeley部分中“It has ver 10,000 types f plants. (这里有一万多种植物。)”、San Dieg Btanic Garden部分中“This castal Califrnia btanic garden has 4 miles f trails and cean views and features ver 5,000 plant species. (这个加利福尼亚海岸植物园有4英里的步道和海景，拥有5000多种植物。)”可知，Califrnia Btanic Garden植物种类最多。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由文章San Dieg Btanic Garden部分中“Amng 29 uniquely themed gardens n-site, the bamb garden cllectin is a must-see. (在29个独特的主题花园中，竹园收藏是不容错过的。)”可知，San Dieg Btanic Garden特别之处在于它有独特的主题花园。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Califrnia is hme t sme f the mst beautiful btanical gardens in the cuntry. Suppse yu want t appreciate unique landscapes and native plants, this pst has what yu need t experience in the Glden State. (加州有一些全国最美丽的植物园。假设你想欣赏独特的风景和本土植物，这篇文章有你在金州需要体验的东西。)”可知，文章的目标读者是游客。故选A。
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了印度一些艺术家将废弃的电子设备变成大型壁画和艺术作品，以创造性地表达他们对垃圾问题的关注。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段“Thankfully, the cuntry has a new grup f artists wh are changing these thrwn mechanical items-frm mbile phnes t ld televisins- int large murals (壁画) and artwrks t creatively shw their cncern fr the waste prblem. (值得庆幸的是，这个国家出现了一群新的艺术家，他们正在把这些被丢弃的机械物品——从手机到旧电视——变成大型壁画和艺术品，以创造性地表达他们对废物问题的关注。)”可知，艺术家们用电子垃圾创作艺术品表达他们对环境的关注。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段中“ “I get my waste material frm friends, relatives and neighburs wh knw my interest in e-art and send me bags f thrwn electrnic appliances,” says Naatesan. (Naatesan说:“我从朋友、亲戚和邻居那里得到废料，他们知道我对电子艺术的兴趣，给我寄来一袋袋扔掉的电子产品。”)”可知，他得到周围人的支持。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段““By giving e-waste a secnd chance, I aim t raise awareness abut the envirnmental impact f electrnic waste. ” says Davangare, wh tday has a cllectin f mre than 600 ec-art bjects. (“通过给电子垃圾第二次机会，我的目标是提高人们对电子垃圾对环境影响的认识。”达万加尔说，他现在收藏了600多件生态艺术品。)”可知，他热衷于这项事业。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Thankfully, the cuntry has a new grup f artists wh are changing these thrwn mechanical items-frm mbile phnes t ld televisins- int large murals (壁画) and artwrks t creatively shw their cncern fr the waste prblem. (值得庆幸的是，这个国家出现了一群新的艺术家，他们正在把这些被丢弃的机械物品——从手机到旧电视——变成大型壁画和艺术品，以创造性地表达他们对废物问题的关注。)”可知，本文主要讲述了印度一些艺术家将废弃的电子设备变成大型壁画和艺术作品，以创造性地表达他们对垃圾问题的关注。因此选项D“Indian Creatives Transfrming E-waste int Art (印度创意将电子垃圾转化为艺术)”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“rbta”这个词诞生的过程以及在不同情况下的使用。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“He needed a name fr the factry prduced humanid wrkers f the stry…”（他需要为这个工厂生产的人形工人的故事取一个名字……）以及下一句“But his brther Jsef suggested an ld Czech wrd fr “frced labur”, rbta. And the wrd “rbt” was brn.”（但他的兄弟约瑟夫(Jsef)建议用一个古捷克语来表示“强迫劳动”，rbta。“rbta”这个词就这样诞生了。）由此可知，此处为并且正在考虑以“劳动”这个词为基础创造一个名字。故可猜测划线单词cining为“创造，发明”的意思，结合选项C项Inventing“发明”意思一致。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It was these writers wh first shrtened “rbt”t“bt”, but nne f them culd have expected the explsin f usages which arrived in the 1990s, as the shrtened wrd came t be adpted in cmputing.”（正是这些作者第一次将rbt缩写为bt，但他们谁也没有想到，随着这个缩写词在计算机领域被采用，它的用法在20世纪90年代出现了爆炸式的增长。）可知，“rbt”这个词在20世纪90年代被缩短并用于计算。故选C项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“As early as 1923, Gerge Bernard Shaw had applied the wrd “rbt” t peple wh act autmatically, withut thinking r emtin, usually because f the repetitive wrk they have t d. Nw anyne having autmatn-like behaviur risks attracting the label. A mvie star called Samantha wh has taken n the same type f character t many times might have her rles described as “Samanthabts.” And in 2009 “Obamabts” arrived-peple wh supprt Barack Obama withut really knwing anything abut him.”（早在1923年，乔治·萧伯纳就用“rbt”一词来形容那些没有思考或情感就自动行动的人，通常是因为他们必须做重复的工作。现在，任何有类似机器人行为的人都有被贴上这个标签的风险。一位名叫萨曼莎(Samantha)的电影明星多次扮演同一类型的角色，她的角色可能被称为“萨曼莎博特”(Samantha abts)。2009年出现了“奥巴马机器人”——那些对奥巴马一无所知却支持他的人。）可知，最后一段主要讲了“rbt”在不同情况下的使用。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“He needed a name fr the factry prduced humanid wrkers f the stry, and was thinking f cining smething based n the wrd “labur”. But his brther Jsef suggested an ld Czech wrd fr “frced labur”, rbta. And the wrd “rbt” was brn.”（他需要为这个工厂生产的人形工人的故事取一个名字，并且正在考虑以“劳动”这个词为基础创造一个名字。但他的兄弟约瑟夫(Jsef)建议用一个古捷克语来表示“强迫劳动”，rbta。“rbta”这个词就这样诞生了。）可知，文章主要讲的是“rbta”这个词的来源以及在不同情况下的使用。由此可推知，这段文字可能取自一本语言百科全书。故选D项。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在过去的60年里，从发表论文到获得一个科学奖项的平均时间几乎翻了一番。在20世纪上半叶，诺贝尔奖得主通常都是30多岁，现在闻所未闻，文章分析了背后的原因和解决建议。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The rad t a Nbel Prize, the mst respected scientific award in the wrld, is grwing ever lnger, with almst half f winners nw waiting mre than 20 years frm making a Nbel-wrthy discvery t receiving the prize.(诺贝尔奖是世界上最受尊敬的科学奖项，通往诺贝尔奖的道路越来越长，几乎一半的获奖者现在从做出值得诺贝尔奖的发现到获得该奖等了20多年)”以及第二段“One analysis shws that the average time between publishing the wrk and receiving ne f the science prizes has nearly dubled in the past 60 years. Acrss the three science prizes, chemistry nw has the lngest “Nbel lag”—an average f 30 years ver the past decade—and physilgy r medicine has the shrtest, at 26 years. (一项分析显示，在过去的60年里，从发表论文到获得一个科学奖项的平均时间几乎翻了一番。在三个科学奖项中，化学现在拥有最长的“诺贝尔滞后”——在过去十年中平均为30年——而生理学或医学奖最短，为26年)”可推知，作者在前两段提到数字是为了陈述事实。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But in the first half f the twentieth century, it was cmmn fr Nbel prize winners t be in their 30s -and that is unheard f nw, says Sant Frtunat, nw a cmputatinal scial scientist at Indiana University.(但在20世纪上半叶，诺贝尔奖得主通常都是30多岁，现在闻所未闻，现为印第安纳大学计算社会科学家的桑托·福尔图纳托说)”可知，如今诺贝尔奖得主都不是30多岁。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“It culd be that the verall number f breakthrughs is increasing each year, s awards cannt keep up with the number f peple wh deserve t be recgnized, he says.(他说，这可能是因为每年的突破总数都在增加，所以奖项跟不上值得被认可的人的数量)”可知，突破的增加可能是诺贝尔奖滞后的一个原因。故选C。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““It has t stp at sme pint,” he says, adding that a rethink f the psthumus-awarding ban wuld allw mre peple’s wrk t get the recgnitin that it deserves.(“这必须在某个时候停止，”他说，并补充说，重新考虑追授禁令将使更多的人的工作得到应有的认可。)”可知，福尔图纳托在最后一段暗示了重新考虑现行规则。故选A。