北京市部分区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解

这是一份北京市部分区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解，共49页。
北京市部分区
2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
北京市门头沟区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末调研英语试卷
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
See the Great Smoky Mountains in an amazing and unique way—from the air on a scenic helicopter tour! Passengers will get to fly over the Great Smoky Mountains for a birds eye view of the top sights in the area. These tours offer breathtaking views of your favorite Gatlinburg landmarks so be sure to pursue one!
Lake View Tour
Available Now until 12/21
Explore Douglas Lake as well as the Great Smoky Mountains on this 12 mile journey through the skies. Visitors will be treated to glorious views of the French Broad River and Douglas Lake. Other highlights on this tour include Smokies farmland and Douglas Dam, a World War II era dam. The experience lasts approximately 6 minutes.
Mountain Valley Tour
Available Now until 12/24
This 24 mile tour, is the perfect addition to your sightseeing adventures in the Smokies. During this flight, you’ll see the gorgeous Tennessee Valley, the Great Smoky Mountain National Park, and Bluff and Sugarloaf Mountains. This is the best flight to choose if you want to get amazing mountain views. The entire experience lasts approximately 12 minutes.
National Park Tour
Available Now until 12/28
This 50 mile National Park Tour which lasts approximately 25 minutes is an amazing adventure through the Great Smoky Mountains and surrounding areas. As for natural wonders, the tour is sure to impress and is a must-have!
Gatlinburg Tour
Available Now until 12/30
Gatlinburg, TN is one of the most gorgeous cities in the Smoky Mountain area. Take to the skies to get the best views of the beautiful city, Gatlinburg. The tour lasts for 40 miles and approximately 18 minutes.
21．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce the Great Smoky Mountains’ amazing views.
B．To explain what you can see in Helicopter Tours.
C．To advertise Great Smoky Mountains Helicopter Tours.
D．To recommend some good travel destinations.
22．If you show special preference to city views, which tour should you choose?
A．Lake View Tour. B．Mountain Valley Tour.
C．National Park Tour. D．Gatlinburg Tour.
23．What can we infer about the tours from the text?
A．They are unforgettable for the tourists. B．They last approximately equal time.
C．They can be taken on any day in December. D．They cost more than common ones.

B
Sophie became friends with the gray squirrels during her first week at Penn State, after spotting them running around and wondering what they would look like with tiny hats on their heads. Today, everyone at the university knows her as the “Squirrel Girl”.
Sophie tried bringing them food, and gradually they began to trust her. She managed to put a hat on a squirrel and take a picture. Thinking that her colleagues could do something to lift their spirits, she started posting similar photos on Facebook. The response was greatly positive, and before long Sophie and her squirrels became an Internet sensation (轰动).
Growing up in a neighborhood outside of State College, Sophie was always fond of birds and animals around her home, but she didn’t interact with people very much. She was later diagnosed (诊断) with Asperger's syndrome, but the squirrels changed that. “The squirrels help me break the ice, because I’ll be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and well just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them,” she said, “I am a lot more outgoing.”
And in case you’re wondering how Sophie is able to get the squirrels to do what she wants for her photos, it has a lot to do with food. For example, whenever she wants them to hold or play with something, she puts peanut butter on the prop (道具), and they’ll grab it. In the beginning, she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them, but they hesitated to approach her. She had the patience to earn their trust, though.
This year, Sophie is graduating with a degree in English and wildlife sciences. She wants to be a science writer and educate people on how to preserve the environment. As for her furry friends, Sophie plans to stay in the area and visit them as often as she can.
24．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Sophie was fonder of squirrels than any other animals.
B．Sophie is known as the “Squirrel Girl” in the community.
C．Sophie and squirrels received great attention on the Internet.
D．Sophie wishes to educate people on how to protect the animals.
25．What can we learn about Sophie according to paragraph 3?
A．She was more outgoing than before.
B．She got lots of friends due to squirrels.
C．She lived in the far countryside when young.
D．She used to be a popular girl in her childhood.
26．How did Sophie manage to take photos of squirrels wearing hats?
A．By dressing like squirrels. B．By putting them in cages.
C．By playing music to them. D．By attracting them with food.
27．What do you think of Sophie?
A．Patient and caring. B．Tolerant and strong.
C．Sociable and healthy. D．Traditional and hard-working.

C
Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child—a bit of nostalgia (怀旧) or “blast from the past, ”as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.
Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20. Then they gave the groups three different types of “listen-and-repeat” learning conditions. Researchers had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat. And they asked the third group to sing the words.
All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15minutes. Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.
Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.
Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy or memorable tune.
Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the website of University of Edinburgh Dr. Ludke writes, “This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.”
28．The “song” mentioned in the first paragraph is intended to ________.
A．recall the past B．attract the readers
C．introduce the topic D．compare the childhood with the present
29．Based on the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that ________.
A．singing is the best way to learn a language
B．Dr. Katie Overy and Dr. Ludke disagree with each other
C．a listen-repeat method is very effective for any language learner
D．the brain probably works best when the foreign language learners sing the words
30．In which situation can the finding of the research be applied?
A．An American is going to learn some Chinese.
B．A child is going to have his first music lesson.
C．A student is going to learn a new English song.
D．A mother is going to teach her baby how to speak.

D
A US government study has found that facial recognition technology is getting better at identifying people wearing masks. The study is part of an ongoing research by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The agency has examined the effectiveness of more than 150 facial recognition systems on people wearing face coverings . The systems are powered by machine learning algorithms (算法).
The first results of the study were announced in July, as health officials across the world urged people to wear masks to limit the spread of COVID-19. New findings were released this week . Police agencies have long used facial recognition technology to search for and help catch criminals. It can also be used to unlock phones or other electronic devices. Some robots use facial recognition technology to recognize the people they are communicating with. However, the wide use of masks in public has created major difficulties for such systems.
The study looked at facial recognition systems already in use before the pandemic. It also looked at systems specially developed to work on masked faces. The NIST said it processed a total of 6. 2 million images for the experiment People in the images were not actually wearing masks. So, the researchers digitally added different mask shapes to faces in the pictures for use in the study. In some cases, up to 70 percent of a person’s face was covered in the images. Overall, the research shows the top-performing facial recognition systems fail to correctly identify unmasked individuals about 0. 3 percent of the time and the failure rate rose to about 5 percent with masked images. Many of the lower performing algorithms, however, had much higher error rates with masked images — as high as 20 to 50 percent.
In the latest findings, researchers included results from 65 new facial recognition systems that have been developed since the start of the pandemic. “Some of these systems performed “significantly better” than the earlier ones，” Mei Ngan, a lead researcher on the project, said in a statement. The study also found round-shaped masks — which cover only the mouth and nose — led to fewer errors than wider ones that stretch across the cheeks. The new study also ran tests to see whether different colored masks would affect error rates. The team used red, white, black and light blue. The research findings suggested that generally, the red and black masks led to higher failure rates than the other colors.
31．How does the author mainly present the study finding?
A．By giving definitions and examples.
B．By giving examples and a brief description.
C．By presenting data and making a comparison.
D．By giving definitions and presenting data.
32．According to the study, what has affected the effectiveness of facial recognition?
A．The speed of the machine learning algorithms.
B．The operators’skill in performing algorithms.
C．The number of the tested people.
D．The diversity of face coverings.
33．Who is the most difficult to recognize?
A．A girl wearing a white round-shaped mask.
B．A lady with a red mask stretching across her cheeks.
C．A man wearing a light blue mask covering his mouth and nose.
D．A man wearing a black mask with his nose and mouth covered up .
34．What is the author’s attitude towards the facial recognition systems?
A．Objective B．Negative
C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful.

北京市密云区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Book Or Manage Your Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccination
Use this service to book a coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination or manage your appointments.
Who can use this service?
You can only use this service if any of the following applies:
● you are aged 25 or over
● you are at high risk from COVID-19 (clinically extremely vulnerable)
● you have a condition that puts you at higher risk (clinically vulnerable)
● you are a frontline health or social care worker
● your local authority or your GP record shows you're a carer.
How to book your appointments?
You need to:
● have 2 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine at 2 appointments
● book both appointments at the same time
What to do at your vaccination appointment?
● When you get a vaccine, you and your healthcare provider will both need to wear masks that cover your nose and mouth.
● After getting a COVID-19 vaccine, you should be monitored on site for at least 15 minutes.
● You should get a vaccination card that tells you what COVID-19 vaccine you received, the date you received it, and where you received it. Keep your vaccination card in case you need it for future use. Consider taking a picture of your vaccination card as a backup copy.
What to expect after getting a COVID-19 vaccine?
● You may experience common side effects after getting a COVID-19 vaccine. Get helpful tips on how to reduce any pain or discomfort.
● It takes time for your body to build protection after any vaccination. You are considered fully vaccinated 2 weeks after your second dose. You should keep using all the tools available to protect yourself and others until you are fully vaccinated. Learn more about what you can do when you have been fully vaccinated.
21．According to the passage, who can use the service?
A．Doctors and nurses B．18-year-old students
C．Patients with COVID-19 D．Carers without certificate
22．It can be learnt from the passage that one needs to________.
A．book two appointments separately
B．keep the vaccination card for future use
C．stay monitored on site for at least half an hour
D．go to hospital immediately when side effects occur
23．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To warn the public of the possible risks of taking vaccination.
B．To inform readers how to manage coronavirus vaccination
C．To advocate people to take coronavirus vaccination.
D．To introduce coronavirus vaccination.

B
Steven Brown was 85 years old. He became well-known last September after his son Edward had recorded his two-minute piece from four notes — F natural, A, D, and B natural — and posted it on Twitter.
Edward posted the piece online to show how musical ability can survive memory loss and Steven won the hearts of the British nation when he played the piano from his home in Sussex live on the television.
To mark a year since he played his composition, Steven was invited to conduct the BBC Philharmonic orchestra (管弦乐队) playing two of his compositions at the studio in Salford. He spent an emotional afternoon with the orchestra, during which he conducted both Four Notes, while his son Edward played the piano, and an older composition of his called Where’s the Sunshine.
Steven, a former music teacher and classical pianist, said, “It was magical, and it was very, very special to work with such wonderful musicians. It made me feel alive. I couldn’t believe that an orchestra was playing my music and I was standing in front of it conducting them.”
Five years ago, Steven moved into sheltered accommodation as part of his dementia (痴呆症) care.
Edward joined Steven on the trip organized by Music For Dementia and had seen his dad “come alive again” since the video of him playing piano went online.
Edward said, “His short-term memory is generally shot to pieces but when big events like this happen it’s like a branding iron on his brain. From my experience with dad, the right piece of music at the right time can be absolutely incredible. For the first time in years he has got active again. It really brought him back to life again.”
Campaign Director at Music for Dementia, Grace Meadows said, “Seeing Steven performing beyond his dementia and having the contact with the musicians was a wonderful thing. It was very emotional.”
24．What’s the reason for Steven’s popularity?
A．He recorded a musical. B．He starred in a famous movie.
C．He played the piano in a video. D．He had extraordinary memory for music.
25．Steven was invited to perform his work________.
A．to show off his musical talent
B．to work with excellent musicians
C．to set an example for people with dementia
D．to celebrate the first anniversary of his online video
26．What does his son say about Steven’s experience?
A．More videos should be taken for the elderly.
B．Playing the piano can cure many diseases.
C．The impact of the right music is huge.
D．Short-term memory is changeable.

C
Telling a yellow taxi and a pair of binoculars（望远镜）apart is so easy that most people could do it standing on their head. Not so for an artificial intelligence: make the cab upside down and it sees binoculars.
This is just one of dozens of examples that show AI is a lot worse at identifying objects by sight than many people realise.
The examples, given by Anh Nguyen at Auburn University in Alabama, raise concerns about the real-world ability of image-recognition systems, for example in driverless cars. “It's a huge problem,” says Nguyen.
We already know AIs are often flummoxed by some pictures that humans can recognize without any problem—such as a turtle with a special shell pattern that an AI misidentifies as a gun.
But do AIs have problems in the real world? Nguyen and his colleagues took images of common objects from ImageNet— a database used to train AIs— and randomly rotated and changed the position of the objects in the pictures. They found this was enough to confuse several state-of-the-art image-recognition systems, including Google's, 97 per cent of the time, averaged across all of the systems.
In one case, a school bus that was correctly identified in the original image was misidentified as a punching bag when shown in close-up, and as a snow plough when upside down in the road.
“It shows these systems aren't as intelligent as many people think they are and raises important questions about how safely they can be used in certain applications,” says Jeff Clune at Uber AI Labs in San Francisco.
Nguyen worries what could happen in chaotic situations such as airports, where AI-based airport security scanners need to be able to identify objects in bags from multiple angles.
There are big implications for driverless cars as well. It makes sense for a vehicle to avoid any object it can't recognise. But if a car slams on its brakes because it thinks a Coke can is a fire engine this could be as dangerous as thinking a fire engine is a Coke can and doing nothing. “This is one reason why driverless cars will need to have multiple sensors to fall back on,” says Nguyen.
He, Clune and others have been uncovering these problems for the past few years, but nobody knows how to fix them. The biggest barrier to progress is that when an AI looks at an image, it can't extract rules about the object that would help it identify a similar one next time—for example, the rule that horses have four legs. “To reach a human level of reasoning, we need a way to extract rules from images,” says Nguyen.
27．The underlined word “flummoxed” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________.
A．confused B．preferred
C．criticized D．applauded
28．In Paragraph 6, the example of a school bus is used to________.
A．prove that human beings are much smarter than AI systems
B．illustrate AI recognition systems are not as intelligent as you think
C．arouse people’s concerns about the safety of AI recognition systems
D．show school buses can have different forms when seen from different angles
29．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The biggest obstacle to progress is that AI can’t analyze images from previous experiences.
B．AI has not possessed the ability to distinguish things that look similar to each other.
C．The reason why AI can’t tell a horse and a car apart is that they both have four legs.
D．Developing reasoning in AI is the biggest challenge AI researchers face.
30．Which is the best title for this passage?
A．Puzzles remain to be solved B．AI is not cleverer than human beings
C．AI recognition system needs improving D．AI can't see things from another view

D
Does Chinese philosophy influence your parenting? It is the question I am most often asked. Chinese philosophy contains many lessons that are useful, accessible and timely when applied to the challenges of parenting. Confucianism and Daoism suggest ways to guide your children toward meaning and fulfilment rather than wealth and fame.
Parenting is tough, especially because there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach. Different kids need different things. How do we stay focused on what matters most? How do we navigate difficult times with our kids and support them when they struggle? All of us want our children to be successful, partly because we love them and want them to be happy. But it is easy to mistake “success” with certain kinds of academic or athletic achievements.
Of course, one can define success in this way. But ancient Chinese philosophers believed that real success is not measured by fame, money or power. A successful life is one in which a person flourishes: they are happy, fulfilled, and they find meaning in what they do and who they are. This type of fulfilment comes from loving and being loved by others within the context of meaningful, lasting relationships; giving generously of what you have to others; caring for and having a genuine love of nature; and shouldering your responsibility.
Most of us know that having an Ivy League degree and a high-paying job is not going to make our children happy and fulfilled in life. Yet we worry about how they will find things they love to do and that they are good at. Philosophers from the two most influential ancient Chinese traditions — Confucianism and Daoism — talk more about human flourishing, virtue, happiness and fulfilment than about “success”.
Chinese philosophers argued that we genuinely flourish — are happiest and most fulfilled — when we develop these virtues. This can never be measured in terms such as earning power, entering famous schools or getting jobs. Instead, it is measured in how we treat people — how one loves and is loved by one’s family and friends — and in what one does to make the world a kinder, gentler, more humane and beautiful place. They encourage us to help our children learn more about the world around them.
The Confucians and Daoists were a little like yin and yang: Confucians have a lot of active, hands-on ways to help children grow, such as participating in traditions, while the Daoists recommend simpler activities, such as exploring the beauty of nature. Their diverse views on living a good life are precisely what makes Chinese philosophy such a great resource for parents.
Parenting is messy. It is not simple or straightforward but complex and difficult. There are no magic solutions that make things easy or smooth. Most of us will need to piece together different approaches in order to find something that works well and feels right in different situations, for different children, and at different times in a child’s life.
31．According to the author, parenting is challenging because________.
A．Parents don’t know what success refers to
B．Children don’t believe in Chinese philosophy
C．There are many theories of parenting to choose
D．One can’t find a standard approach to suit every child
32．What is the opinion of ancient Chinese philosophers?
A．People who flourish can feel successful because they live a meaningful life.
B．Only when people make contribution to society can they feel successful.
C．A successful life can be measured by reputation and wealth.
D．Success just means one should be friendly to nature.
33．What can we infer from this passage?
A．Confucians think graduating from famous university can make children intelligent and fulfilled.
B．Daoists are more influential than Confucians because of their simpler activities.
C．Confucians and Daoists together can provide parents abundant resources.
D．It is enough for parents to just learn Chinese Philosophy well.
34．What’s the author’s attitude towards adopting Chinese Philosophy to parenting?
A．Critical . B．Objective.
C．Indifferent. D．Suspicious.

北京市通州区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Everyone has their own best film of the year. To see the 2020 best films recommended by experts on the BBC Culture, you may have unexpected findings.
Wolfwalkers
Wolfwalkers is the most delightful film of its director, Tomm Moore. Its courageous heroine is Robyn, the daughter of an English huntsman. Robyn and her father have the job of clearing the wolves from a forest near Kilkenny, but when Robyn goes exploring, she finds that one of those wolves can transform into a human girl. The plot of the film is extremely fun.
The Personal History of David Copperfield
This joyous and endlessly creative film directed by Armando Iannucci is a successful achievement that raises people's interest in Charles Dickens' adaptations. Iannucci roots it firmly in the poverty and class system of Victorian England. BBC Culture's review called it "a warm and lively David Copperfield for today".
The Assistant
The Assistant stars Julia Garner as the new employee who is occupied with work from before dawn until after dusk, answering phones, printing out scripts, unpacking bottles of water. It's regarded as a low-key version of The Devil Wears Prada. The film looks beyond one person to center on a wider company culture. There is a serious atmosphere throughout as we wait for the assistant to fight against her boss or accept that she is going to keep working for him.
Emma
Did the world need one more Jane Austen's adaptation? Not really, but this enchanting, colourful version is a very welcome addition. As Emma, Anya Taylor-Joy captures the heart and warmth beneath Austen, a heroine who likes giving orders and arranging marriages for others. Johnny Flynn played the role of her seemingly impossible love, Mr. Knightley.
21．If you are interested in adventure and fantasy, which movie will you watch?
A．Emma. B．Wolfwalkers.
C．The Assistant. D．The Personal History of David Copperfield.
22．What can we learn about the Assistant?
A．It is about the busy working life of a boss.
B．The atmosphere of the company is delightful.
C．It focuses on working culture of the company.
D．The Devil Wears Prada is another name of this movie.
23．Where can you probably read this passage?
A．In a history textbook. B．In a literature essay.
C．In a company website. D．In an entertainment magazine.

B
Many people would be unhappy to see young children sitting next to them on a flight, but a man called Todd took it as an opportunity to give a hand to a helpless mom. Jessica spoke about what Todd had done to make her travels with her children much easier.
She was in a panic when she boarded the plane. Her 4-month-old Alexander was screaming due to a series of unexpected events. Her 3-year-old Caroline, who had been excited before boarding the plane, lost her courage and began screaming too. As Jessica tried to calm them down and help them get settled in, the man sitting next to them stopped in to help.
He reached for the baby and held him while Jessica fastened Caroline’s seatbelt, got her iPad and started her movie. Once Caroline was settled and relatively calm, he also played games with her so that Jessica could feed Alexander. The kids were calm, but he didn't stop there. Throughout the flight, he engaged 3-year-old Caroline’s best friend.
Much to Jessica’s joy, the man was taking the same connecting flight, too. He helped them get off the plane and led them to the next gate, holding Caroline’s hand. As if that wasn't enough, he changed his seat on the next flight so he could sit in their row to help them. He told Jessica his wife had had a similar experience when their two boys were young and that a stranger had done the same thing, which moved him to spread the kindness.
The heartwarming story serves as a reminder to show kindness toward panic parents with young babies. Children don’t yet know how to handle their feelings, so they cry and scream when they are confused or uncomfortable in a new place. By offering a helping hand, we could not only help an overwhelmed parent but also make a child feel a little more comfortable.
24．Jessica got panicked while boarding the plane because ________.
A．she couldn’t find her passport
B．she was followed by a stranger
C．her children lost control of their emotions
D．her children were fighting with each other
25．What did Todd do to draw Caroline’s attention away from her mom?
A．Starting her movie. B．Feeding her snacks.
C．Fastening her seatbelt. D．Playing games with her.
26．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?
A．Parents are always treated kindly at the airport.
B．People should help parents with young children.
C．Children cry in order to attract people’s attention.
D．Children refuse to learn to manage their emotions.
27．According to the passage, Todd can be best described as ________.
A．honest and funny B．brave and energetic
C．selfless and determined D．patient and considerate

C
In mid-2019, an Indonesian design team submitted a plan to an international design competition for a new type of submarine (潜艇). It wasn't designed for military purposes or for exploring the ocean. The main purpose of this submarine was to create ice blocks to replace sea ice in the Polar Regions.
In the summer months of 2019, a massive heat wave shocked Europe and broke a number of high temperature records. As the hot air moved north over the Arctic, the ice sheet covering Greenland melted at an unexpected rate. Ice melt at the poles is normal in the summer months. Lost ice is often regained by refreezing in winter. But the fast melting rate could mean a permanent loss of polar ice, which would have global consequences.
Dealing with such a large-scale problem requires large-scale solutions. While many solutions look at reducing the greenhouse gases, few are aimed at repairing the effects of climate change. The ice-making submarine proposed to do just that.
The ice-making submarine's basic design involves forming a large hexagonal (六边形的) ice block of roughly 25 meters across and 5 meters thick. A large container in the submarine would be filled when submerged under water. Then the slow process of desalination (脱盐) and freezing would begin. After about a month, the submarine would discharge (卸下) the ice block and begin the process all over again. The overall vision would be to have multiple submarines working together, so that the hexagonal blocks could be pushed together to form a single large ice sheet.
The design was beautifully presented and won second place. However, the science behind the design came under criticism. One criticism was how the massive amounts of energy needed to desalinate and freeze the water would be provided. Another was that the amount of heat generated by the freezing process would result in a net warming effect. Additionally, the ice would be too thin to stay frozen for a significant amount of time. The designers couldn't sufficiently answer many of the scientific criticisms. Their inventive idea does, however, indicate the need for creative solutions in repairing the loss of polar ice.
28．The ice-making submarine was designed to ________.
A．explore the ocean B．achieve military purposes
C．record rates of melting polar ice D．make up for the decrease of polar ice
29．The 4th paragraph is mainly about ________.
A．the limitation of the new design B．the process of making ice blocks
C．the features of the ice-making submarines D．the challenges that the designers encountered
30．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The design introduces a unique angle for dealing with climate crisis.
B．The designers are confident about the effectiveness of the submarine.
C．The lost ice can be regained by refreezing in spite of fast melting rate.
D．The ice-making submarine is one of the solutions to reduce greenhouse gases.
31．As for the design of ice-making submarine, the author is ________.
A．doubtful B．disapproving C．supportive D．unconcerned

D
When you buy food or other products at the store, you probably don't think much about the people who grew them or made them. That's normal, but many farmers and others involved in producing food and other goods have very hard lives. Farmers work hard to grow crops, but sometimes the weather is bad, and their fields don't produce much. Or sometimes the price of what people produce goes down, and they can't earn enough to support their families. In some industries, workers are not fairly paid to make products cheaper. The fair trade movement tries to solve these problems by taking care of the people whose work benefits consumers.
Fair trade is difficult to define because it includes multiple organizations in many countries. These organizations encourage distributors (分销商) to pay a specified (指定的) minimum price for products. This minimum is often higher than the market price, but it makes sure producers earn enough to make a living. Distributors also pay some additional money that goes to the community that produced the product. This money is spent to thrive the community. For example, they might build a school or dig a well, either of which benefits everyone who uses it.
To be labeled fair trade, products have to be made following certain high standards related to treating workers well and protecting the environment. This can be expensive, but the higher prices paid by purchasers cover the extra costs. These standards can vary from industry to industry to reflect the details of the various production processes.
What does this mean for you? Many fair-trade organizations offer certification for products made with fair-trade ingredients (成分). There are different levels of certification depending on what percentage of the ingredients are fair trade. Certain websites can help you find fair-trade products.
Buying fair-trade products when possible is important because it communicates that you want companies to be involved in fair trade. Businesses need to make money, so manufacturers (制造商) are more likely to use fair-trade ingredients if they know people will pay for them. It's also important for your own integrity. Buying fair trade ensures that you're not benefiting from someone else's suffering. If you want to help more, you can write to companies you buy from and ask them to use fair-trade ingredients. In short, fair trade is about helping people who help you through their labor.
32．The fair trade movement aims to ________.
A．guide farmers to produce more crops
B．help the people who make the products we use
C．tackle the problem of food shortage in rural area
D．encourage consumers to purchase more products
33．What does the underlined word "thrive" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Rebuild. B．Develop. C．Recover. D．Decorate.
34．In the fair trade movement, the consumers need to pay a higher price because ________.
A．distributors are in charge of the market price
B．the products labeled fair trade are of higher quality
C．organizations in fair trade encourage them to do so
D．they need to pay for the expense to meet the high criteria

北京市石景山区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末练习英语试卷
第一节   （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Earlier this year, the price on the bestseller, The Girl on the Train, was cut from $11.99 to $1.99 for one day only. The Da Vinci Code was given away for free for one week. Most people were completely unaware of these huge deals.
A select group of readers, however, had the inside scoop (消息) on all these deals. They were using our service at the deal site, BookBub, a daily email that offers limited-time deals on free or deeply-discounted e-books.
Easy Access
Over 10 million people have signed up for BookBub’s free service. Readers sign up with just an email address, and then select their favorite genres (类型). Each day, we send an email with free and discounted bestselling e-books in the selected genres. Just click, download, and read on a device.
Customized Categories
Ranging from mysteries to romance to cookbooks, there are more than 35 categories to choose from to customize your email.
Expert Editors
Each title is hand-selected by our editorial team to ensure the highest quality. In addition, each book is at least 75% off, and many are free, which makes it extremely low-risk to try new authors and genres.
Book lovers have now become practically attracted to this concept. In many cases, they’ve downloaded hundreds of books and saved hundreds of dollars using the service.
“I now have more books than I can read in a lifetime,” said Suzie Miller of Auburn, WA．She said she has downloaded more than 350 free e-books using the service.
Sign up to see today’s deals！
21．According to the passage, BookBub is unique mainly in its ________.
A．wide price range B．rich selection of authors
C．various events for readers D．personalized recommendations
22．The author mentions Suzie Miller’s statement in order to ________.
A．prove popularity of the e-books B．show the benefits of BookBub
C．call on people to read more e-books D．offer guidance on using BookBub
23．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．promote a deal site B．give advice on book choice
C．report a new way to read D．compare e-books with paper books

B
Three months ago, I broke a vertebra (椎骨) in my lower back. Staying in hospital, I longed for the football pitch like never before. I even joked: “So I have to wear a brace (支具) now when I play football.”
Now came the moment! Waiting for the doctor, I became unbearably impatient. I had waited for three months to find out whether or not I would be cleared to play football again, but the thought of waiting another five minutes seemed impossible. Then Dr. Pittinger entered the room. The question remained unasked and unanswered as we went through the procedures of a physical. The time had finally come. He spoke slowly and softly, but still rather matter-of-factly, as he told me that I would never be able to play football again.
The realization sank in immediately. I wasn’t surprised, but I opposed the idea wholeheartedly. For months after I was released, I continued to work out with the football team. I woke up every morning at five for rehab (康复训练). Even though I was ashamed to wear my back brace, I wore it devotedly. At night, I slept on the floor because my doctor told me that sleeping on a firm surface was good for my back. I was determined to play again.
However, in the end, just as the doctor ordered, I never played another quarter of football. After several nights of coming home from training barely able to walk, I finally gave in. For a while, I felt that giving up was like an admittance of defeat rather than the acceptance of a truth. But over time, I realized no matter what happened, life would go on. Rather than focus on what was undeniably unachievable, I understood that even though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless other choices to make in its place.
24．Why was the author impatient when waiting for the doctor?
A．Because he disliked wearing a brace.
B．Because he desired to leave the hospital.
C．Because he was desperate to know the result.
D．Because he wanted to be treated immediately.
25．How did the author feel at the doctor’s words?
A．Unwilling to accept the truth. B．Disappointed with the treatment.
C．Regretful over his carelessness. D．Hopeful of making other choices.
26．What happened to the author in the end?
A．He proved the doctor wrong. B．He fully recovered from the injury.
C．He improved his football skills. D．He failed to return to the football field.
27．What can we conclude from this passage?
A．Take life as it comes.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D．The longest journey begins with the first step.

C
It’s truly never too late to begin exercising, according to the researchers led by Pedro Saint-Maurice of the U.S. National Cancer Institute. Even for people who were “couch potatoes” in their youth, starting regular exercise in middle-age can still greatly cut the probability of death from any cause.
The study tracked the lifetime exercise patterns of more than 315,000 people. The investigators found that folks who’d exercised all their lives had a 36 percent lower risk of dying during the study period, compared to people who’d never exercised. But, perhaps surprisingly, people who’d been inactive in youth but decided to get more physical in their 40s and 50s saw almost the same decline—35 percent—in their probability of an early death.
The study also found that a mid-life start to physical activity seemed to cut the probability of death from the two major killers—heart disease and cancer. For people who began exercising in their 40s and 50s, rates of death from heart disease fell by 43 percent compared to people who’d never exercised, and the cancer death rate fell by 16 percent. Those declines were similar to those seen in people who’d exercised all their adult lives.
“This study, once again, indicates the importance of physical activity in relationship to one’s long-term mortality,” said Dr. Evelina Grayver. “Whether or not you start exercising when you are younger or older, the benefits will always be there. But starting exercising at a later age and still getting the same mortality benefit doesn’t mean that one should not exercise in younger years. Overall effects of continuous physical activity decrease the risk of an early death.”
The researchers also noted that while other research linking exercise to longevity has looked at physical activity at just one point in the lifetime, theirs is the first to examine the role of “participation in physical activity throughout the different stages of adulthood.” This new research demonstrates the crucial relationship between physical activity and the prevention of death at any age.
28．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Exercising at any age helps one enjoy a happier life.
B．Lifelong exercising can guarantee a lower death rate.
C．Exercising in 40s and 50s may add years to one’s life.
D．Lack of physical activity leads to heart disease and cancer.
29．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To analyse a link between exercises and death rate.
B．To compare the consequences of exercise in different ages.
C．To explain the significant effects of continuous physical activity.
D．To introduce a new study on the benefits of exercise in middle age.
30．What is the author’s attitude towards “waiting until middle age to get fit?”
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Neutral.

D
A quiet space is often considered essential for achieving the concentration that leads to academic success. But research shows that some students may benefit from breaking the silence with certain kinds of music while they study. Music has a powerful influence on both the body and the brain, in ways that can help students navigate the physical and emotional barriers that come with academic challenges.
One U.S. study compared students who took a test to soft music with those who took the test under silent conditions. The study found that students taking a test to music not only completed more questions within a set time but also answered more questions correctly. Music has been further linked to improvements in memory and recall. Experts have found that when music stimulates mood and motivation, students are able to learn more and to better demonstrate their knowledge.
A bit of mood music affects more than just memory and recall when students hit the books. Music can also relieve stress associated with school. Scientists have learned that music engages the autonomic nervous system, which not only controls the unconscious functions of the body but also influences emotions. So it’s no surprise that researchers from the Group Health Research Institute concluded that certain kinds of background music can be just as effective at reducing stress as a massage. Furthermore, while the brain feels better with music, the body may as well. Research shows that certain types of music can make physical pain feel less intense. What’s more, calming music with a steady, meditative rhythm can help people sleep longer and more deeply.
However, some educators express concern that listening to music while trying to concentrate may do more harm than good. Loud music may have a negative influence on a student’s mood or act as a distraction. Actually, the best approach may depend on the students themselves. Listening to music during study time may not mean a guaranteed A for all students, but those who find it helpful should be allowed to plug in their headphones.
31．What does the underlined word “navigate” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A．Recognize. B．Overcome. C．Assess. D．Create.
32．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Music helps students get rid of physical pain.
B．Loud music has the same calming effect as a massage.
C．Listening to music makes it easier for students to multitask.
D．Music helps students better remember relevant information.
33．The author writes Paragraph 3 mainly to ________.
A．present the effects of music on mind and body
B．compare the functions of different types of music
C．confirm the impacts of music on memory and recall
D．give examples of the influences of music on emotions
34．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Power of Silence B．Music to a Sharper Mind
C．The Score to Better Scores D．Road to Academic Success

北京市东城区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末统一检测英语试卷
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂照。
A

"For years I found myself walking less and less. As I got older, aches and pains in my back and legs caused me to stay in my chair, watching TV and watching life go by. My doctor told me to be more active, and I tried. I tried canes and walkers…and I hated them. Dragging myself along, bent over, looking at the ground two feet in front of me—that didn't seem like a fun way to get around. Then, one day, a friend introduced me to the Perfect Walker. Nothing is going to stop me now!"
Join millions of older Americans who are rediscovering the joy of walking!
The Perfect Walker is an innovative mobility device that can change your life. It enables you to stand upright when you walk-with your spine straight and your eyes looking straight ahead. Your weight is supported by your upper arms and shoulders, some of the strongest parts of your body. Traditional walkers force you to put the pressure of your body weight on your hands and wrists. You push them in front of you, looking at the ground instead of where you are going. The Perfect Walker moves with you, with your feet free to walk in a normal fashion. Its easy height-adjust system allows it to be the perfect height for anyone from 4'9" to 6'2"and supports up to 300 pounds. The new Stand Assist HandlesTM enable you to distribute your weight across your arms and shoulders, not your hands and wrists, to help reduce back, neck, wrist pain and discomfort. It features comfortable arm pads, hand brakes, a fold-down seat and storage area with a backrest. It's built with aircraft- grade aluminum to be strong yet lightweight, and its streamlined design and oversized wheels make it perfect for walking in the yard.

Why spend another day bent over and dragging yourself around—or worse yet, lying in front of the TV all day? Pick up the phone and take back your life.
21. Who is talking about the Perfect Walker at the beginning?
A. A user. B. The agent C. A doctor. D. The producer.
22. What is the Perfect Walker's biggest advantage over traditional ones?
A. It serves a variety of functions. B. It's made of aircraft-grade material.
C. It features comfortable arm pads and a scat. D. It allows users to walk in an ordinary manner.
23. By dialing 1-888-235-1481, you can________.
A. place an order B. apply for membership C. ask for a free trial D. get a promotion code
B
Is it funny to pull a person's chair away just as he or she is about to sit down? Some people would say yes. Anyone who has ever had it happened to him or her would definitely disagree.
Isabella "Izzy" Sementilli was in fifth grade when a classmate pulled her chair out from under her. As a result of the incident, Isabella suffered neck and back injuries. She also began experiencing sensitivity to light and noise, and severe headaches. The once-active tap dancer was banned from participating in all physical activities.
Unfortunately, her health did not improve with time. By eighth grade, her headaches were so severe that she was no longer able to attend school. She receives homeschooling which is cancelled on days when her headaches are unbearable.
Isabella has managed to remain positive despite her struggles. "I choose not to sit around doing nothing and feeling sorry for myself," she says. She finds strength from her faith as well as from the support of her family. She says, "I've missed out on everything." Isabella has not been able to engage in any of the activities she used to enjoy, but she has discovered a passion for baking. In 2014, she began baking cookies she calls Iznettes.
The cookies were so good that she began selling them. Isabella donates all of the profits from the sale of the cookies to anti-bullying and brain injury charities.
Isabella wants people to understand what life is like for someone with a brain injury “It's an invisible injury," she says. "No one sees the pain you are in. It's hard for people to understand. Everyone says that I look fine.
In 2017, she was chosen as a youth honoree by the Brain Injury Association of New York State. She has even had the opportunity to speak with elected officials about the challenges faced by those with brain injuries.
Isabella also hopes to educate people on the potentially disastrous impact of bullying. By sharing her story, she hopes to make a difference in the lives of others. It is her hope that no one else will suffer in the way that she has. "If I could help just one person, that would be amazing," she says.
24. What happened to Isabella after the incident?
A. She could not socialize. B. She had to stop studying.
C. She received unfair treatment. D. She suffered unimaginable pains.
25. Why did Isabella start making cookies?
A. To realize her potential B. To live life to the full.
C. To support her family. D. To donate to charities.
26. Which words can best describe Isabella?
A. Friendly and committed. B. Optimistic and outgoing
C. Determined and caring D. Ambitious and frank.
C
The digital revolution has arrived. As automation becomes ever more common, even those professions once thought to be insulated from technological disruption（扰乱）face an uncertain future. Given that state of uncertainty, Northeastern University President Joseph Aoun argues that college graduates can no longer be confident that the job they hold will be financially sustainable for the long term. Automation, long a threat to low-skilled jobs, is now cost-effective in all repetitive work, including high-skilled jobs in health care, law, and research. Thus, for many the prospect of being replaced by a robot is more pressing.
To address this, it falls to higher education to prepare graduates for changes that are sweeping through the world of work. But how can institutions prepare the next generation, when it's not clear what professions will exist to employ them?
Aoun argues that universities must reinvent themselves to address this age of disruption and to provide their students with the educational foundation that ensures their employability in the coming decades. To do so, he calls for higher education to focus on those features that separate humans from machines. He named this new framework "Humanics".
Aoun details a two-tiered（两层的）structure for Humanics and explains how these tiers work together to develop creativity in students. The first tier consists of 21st-century literacies that he argues must be central to any forward-thinking educational program. In addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic, Aoun argues that all students must be competent in data interpretation and analysis, technical functions like engineering, and human-centric studies such as design thinking and communication.
This first tier of literacies forms the basis for Aoun's second tier of cognitive（认知的） capacities. Systems thinking, critical thinking, and cultural awareness constitute the mind-sets that Aoun argues are critical to distinguishing human employees from machines. A student with these mind-sets can solve problems creatively while making logical judgments.
Having defined what a robot-proof education must involve, Aoun looks into how that education should be offered and what colleges and universities must do to meet the needs of a modern student body. He calls for higher education to fully accept experiential, lifelong learning. He argues that it is only through rich experiences that students can apply their 21st-century literacies to complex problems, which will eventually shape their mind-sets. This type of learning must be lifelong because the rapid rate of change that accompanies automation will require that students consistently refresh their skill sets
Aoun acknowledges that education will never be a cure-all for society's ills. A more practical approach might be to see Humanics not as a new medicine but rather as a supplement to our current educational system.
In an automated world, to prepare for the economic disruption such automation may cause, higher education must create a generation of graduates that is liberated to think creatively while continuing to function in more traditional capacities. Perhaps that will ensure workers and the universities that educate them are indeed robot proof.
27. What does the underlined word "insulated" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A Generated B. Sheltered C. Prohibited. D. Separated.
28. What can we learn about automation from the first two paragraphs?
A. It has posed a threat to employment. B. It has made high-skilled jobs demanding.
C. It helps to fuel the process of digitalization. D. It promotes the development of new professions.
29. According to Joseph Aoun, institutions should________.
A. set the trend for automation B. provide a robot-proof education
C. redefine the framework of Humanics D. value cognitive capacities over literacies
30. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Where is automation leading us? B. What does Humanics mean to universities?
C. Why is it critical to acquire higher education? D. How can we get ready for an uncertain future?
D
Lots of humans cannot resist interpreting dogs' faces in the terms defined by human languages. A puppy licking your cheek enthusiastically is giving a "kiss". If dogs could speak like their owners, many humans want to know, what would their dogs have to say?
Into the market for answers step Christina Hunger, author of the book How Stella Learned to Talk, and Alexis Devine, the owner of Bunny, a TikTok star with over 6.3m followers. After careful training, both Stella and Bunny can paw a series of buttons that make a recorded voice speak one of several dozen programmed words. Both Ms. Devine and Ms. Hunger claim that their dogs are using language.
Human linguists tend to be skeptical of "talking" animals. To understand why, consider Noam Chomsky's critical review of "Verbal Behaviour" by B.F. Skinner, a pioneer in behavioral psychology. Skinner described human language acquisition as he did other learned behaviours: the strengthening of a response after conditioning with a stimulus. If saying "food" gets you food, you' re more likely to say it.
Skinner wrote that "if we are shown a prized work of art and shout ‘Beautiful!', the speed and energy of the response will have an effect on the owner." Mr. Chomsky noted that this reasoning might lead people "to cry out 'Beautiful' in a loud voice, repeatedly and with no delay". Real humans, by contrast, might in fact show appreciation through a long moment of silence, and then barely whispered praise.
Ms. Hunger came up with her button system after working with children who were not developing language normally und has helped many youngsters express themselves better(often with tablet computers). But some dog experts dislike the practice of forcing word-based communication onto dogs. By focusing on a basic kind of language that seems human, it ignores dogs' abilities to express themselves in their own ways.
Dogs are fond of sniffing each other who are using sensitive noses to exchange information, about age, health and other things. Dogs urinate frequently not, as once assumed, primarily to claim territory, but to leave similar information for others.
Posture, too, conveys masses of information between dogs; eyes, ears and teeth contribute to a range of messages transmitted between them. Finally, their own vocalizations, though hardly of the words-and-syntax type that make up human language, are complicated.
Scientists have yet to report on the "talking" abilities of dogs like Stella and Bunny. In the meantime, ordinary owners can have a go at training their dogs with the advice Ms. Hunger offers. Or they can try another approach: buy one of the many good books on understanding how dogs naturally communicate, and spend the time they might invest in programming buttons on getting to know their pets instead. Even the best-trained dog is a poor conversationalist in human terms — but a brilliant one on their own.
31. Why does the author mention Stella and Bunny?
A. To present an attempt. B. To put forward a theory.
C. To settle an argument. D. To prove an assumption.
32. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Chomsky further developed behavioral psychology.
B Devine's and Hunger's practices agree with Skinner's theory.
C. Language is acquired by strengthening a conditioned response.
D. Hunger's button system helps children to express themselves better.
33. According to the author, those who try to prove dogs' language ability________.
A. ignore dogs' psychological needs B. suggest a new way to get to know dogs
C. fail to acknowledge what makes a dog a dog D. believe dogs have their own language system
34. What message does the author convey to dog owners?
A. A dog deserves more care and company.
B. Training can help a dog learn human language.
C. Improving their understanding of pets is crucial.
D. Research on animal behavior still has a long way to go.

答案：
北京市门头沟区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末调研英语试卷
21．C
22．D
23．A

【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章是一则旅游广告，介绍了参观Great Smoky Mountains的四个路线的情况。
21．
推理判断题。根据第一段“See the Great Smoky Mountains in an amazing and unique way—from the air on a scenic helicopter tour! Passengers will get to fly over the Great Smoky Mountains for a birds eye view of the top sights in the area. These tours offer breathtaking views of your favorite Gatlinburg landmarks so be sure to pursue one!(以一种奇妙而独特的方式观赏Great Smoky Mountains——从空中乘坐观光直升机！乘客将飞越Great Smoky Mountains，鸟瞰该地区的顶级景观。这些旅程提供了你最喜欢的加特林堡地标的惊人的景色，所以一定要去一个！)”结合文章是一则旅游广告，介绍了参观Great Smoky Mountains的四个路线的情况。可推知，这篇文章的目的是为Great Smoky Mountains直升机旅游做广告。故选C。
22．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Gatlinburg, TN is one of the most gorgeous cities in the Smoky Mountain area. Take to the skies to get the best views of the beautiful city, Gatlinburg.(TN Gatlinburg是Smoky Mountain最美丽的城市之一。飞上天空，欣赏美丽的Gatlinburg)”可知，如果你特别喜欢看城市风景，你应该选择Gatlinburg Tour。故选D。
23．
推理判断题。根据Lake View Tour部分中“Visitors will be treated to glorious views of the French Broad River and Douglas Lake. Other highlights on this tour include Smokies farmland and Douglas Dam, a World War II era dam.(游客可以欣赏到法国宽阔的河流和道格拉斯湖的壮丽景色。这次旅行的其他亮点还包括Smokies农田和道格拉斯大坝，一个二战时期的大坝)”；Mountain Valley Tour部分中“This is the best flight to choose if you want to get amazing mountain views.(如果你想欣赏令人惊叹的山景，这是最好的选择)”以及National Park Tour部分中“As for natural wonders, the tour is sure to impress and is a must-have!(至于自然奇观，一定会给人留下深刻印象，是必游之选！)”可推知，旅行会让游客难忘。故选A。
24．C
25．A
26．D
27．A

【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了苏菲和灰松鼠成了朋友，通过和松鼠的交流改变了自己的性格完成了学业的故事。
24．
推理判断题。根据第二段“The response was greatly positive, and before long Sophie and her squirrels became an Internet sensation (轰动).”（反应非常积极，不久苏菲和她的松鼠就在网上引起了轰动。）可知，苏菲和松鼠在网上受到了极大的关注。故选C项。
25．
细节理解题。根据第三段““The squirrels help me break the ice, because I’ll be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and well just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them,” she said, “I am a lot more outgoing.””（“松鼠帮我打破僵局，因为我会坐在这里拍松鼠，其他人会过来，我们就开始一起喂松鼠，聊它们，”她说，“我更外向了。”）可知，苏菲比以前更外向了。故选A项。
26．
细节理解题。根据第四段“And in case you’re wondering how Sophie is able to get the squirrels to do what she wants for her photos, it has a lot to do with food. For example, whenever she wants them to hold or play with something, she puts peanut butter on the prop (道具), and they’ll grab it.”（如果你想知道苏菲是如何让松鼠为她的照片做她想做的事情的，这与食物有很大关系。例如，每当她想让它们拿东西或玩东西时，她会把花生酱放在道具上，它们会抓住它。）可知，苏菲是通过食物吸引松鼠，给松鼠戴上帽子拍照的。故选D项。
27．
推理判断题。根据第四段“In the beginning, she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them, but they hesitated to approach her. She had the patience to earn their trust, though.”（一开始，她会把花生扔到校园的树上，并邀请松鼠下来拿，但松鼠不愿接近她。不过，她有耐心赢得它们的信任。）以及最后一段“As for her furry friends, Sophie plans to stay in the area and visit them as often as she can.”（至于她的毛茸茸的朋友们，苏菲计划留在这个地区，尽可能多地拜访它们。）可知，苏菲有耐心赢得松鼠的信任，并且会尽可能关心动物们，所以苏菲是有耐心的和爱心的。故选A项。
28．C
29．D
30．A

【分析】
本文是说明文。介绍了一项关于唱歌和外语习得之间关系的研究，研究表明：唱歌可能带来学习外语的新方法，“听并且重复”的唱歌方法有助于外语学习。
28．
推理判断题。由第一段“Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child — a bit of nostalgia (怀旧) or “blast from the past”, as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago. (你有没有发现自己处于这样的境地：你听到一首你小时候经常唱的歌——一点怀旧或者我们所说的“来自过去的爆炸”。但这不是遥远的童年记忆。这些歌词回到你的脑海里，就像你多年前唱的那样清晰)”和第二段“Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages. (爱丁堡大学的研究者们研究了音乐和记忆外语之间的关系。他们发现记住歌曲中的单词是记住最难的语言的最好方法)”可知，第一段开头通过举例“歌曲”导入话题，人们都清楚地记得儿时唱歌的歌词，第二段讲了音乐和记忆外语之间的关系，可得出第一段所说的“歌曲”是为了导入主题。故选C项。
29．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy or memorable tune.(唱歌可能带来学习外语的新方法。大脑喜欢记住琅琅上口或令人难忘的旋律)”和最后一段中“This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.(这项研究提供了第一个实验证据，证明了“听并且重复的唱歌方法”可以支持外语学习，并为该领域的进一步研究打开了大门)”可推断，大脑喜欢记住琅琅上口或令人难忘的旋律，即当外语学习者用“听并且重复的唱歌方法”唱单词时，大脑可能工作最好，故选D项。
30．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.(这项研究提供了第一个实验证据，即听并且重复的唱歌方法可以支持外语学习，并为将来在这方面的研究打开大门)”可推断，此项研究对于外语学习者非常有用，一个美国人要学汉语可以采用此方法。故选A项。
31．C
32．D
33．B
34．A

【解析】
这是一篇说明文。美国政府的一项研究发现，面部识别技术在识别戴口罩的人方面正变得越来越好。
31．
推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Overall, the research shows the top-performing facial recognition systems fail to correctly identify unmasked individuals about 0. 3 percent of the time and the failure rate rose to about 5 percent with masked images. Many of the                    lower performing algorithms, however, had much higher error rates with masked images — as high as 20 to 50 percent.”（总的来说，研究表明，表现最好的面部识别系统不能正确地识别出大约0. 3%个未被蒙面的人。而在使用蒙面图像的情况下，失败率上升到5%左右。然而，许多表现较差的算法，对蒙面图像的错误率要高得多——高达20%到50%。）可知，作者主要通过提供数据和对比的方式来呈现研究结果。故选C。
32．
细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三句“The new study also ran tests to see whether different colored masks would affect error rates. ”（这项新研究还进行了测试，看不同颜色的口罩是否会影响错误率。）和倒数第四句“The study also found round-shaped masks — which cover only the mouth and nose — led to fewer                    errors than wider ones that stretch across the cheeks.”（研究还发现，圆形口罩(只覆盖嘴和鼻子)比宽口罩(覆盖脸颊)产生的错误要少。）可知，口罩的多样性影响面部识别的有效性。故选D。
33．
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The research findings suggested that generally, the red and black masks led to higher failure rates than the other colors.”（研究结果表明，一般来说，红色和黑色面具比其他颜色的面具失败率更高。）和倒数第四句“The study also found round-shaped masks — which cover only the                    mouth and nose — led to fewer errors than wider ones that stretch across the cheeks.”（研究还发现，圆形口罩(只覆盖嘴和鼻子)比宽口罩(覆盖脸颊)产生的错误要少。）可知，一位戴着红色宽口罩的女士会最难识别。故选B。
34．
推理判断题。全文只是介绍了对人脸识别系统的研究，并没有表达作者的个人观点，所以作者对人脸识别系统持客观态度。故选A。

北京市密云区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷
21．A
22．B
23．B

【分析】
这是一篇说明文。向读者介绍如何使用此服务预订冠状病毒（COVID-19）疫苗接种或管理预约。
21．
细节理解题。由文中“you are a frontline health or social care worker”（你是一线卫生或社会护理工作者）可知医护人员可以用这项服务。故选A项。
22．
细节理解题。由文中“Keep your vaccination card in case you need it for future use. Consider taking a picture of your vaccination card as a backup copy.”（保留你的疫苗接种卡，以备将来使用。考虑把你的预防接种卡的照片作为备份拷贝。）可知，你需要保留你的疫苗接种卡。故选B项。
23．
推理判断题。由文中小标题“How to book your appointments?(如何预约？)”、“What to do at your vaccination appointment?(预约接种疫苗时要做什么？)”以及“What to expect after getting a COVID-19 vaccine?(接种了（COVID-19）冠状病毒疫苗后会发生什么?)”可知，作者就如何预约，预约接种时该怎么做和2019冠状病毒疾病疫苗接种后期待什么等方面向读者介绍如何使用此服务预订冠状病毒（COVID-19）疫苗接种或管理预约，所以B项切题。故选B项。
24．C
25．D
26．C

【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了85岁的史蒂文在老年痴呆症的情况下音乐能力不减的故事。
24．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“ Steven won the hearts of the British nation when he played the piano from his home in Sussex live on the television.(史蒂文在苏塞克斯的家中通过电视直播弹钢琴，赢得了英国人的心)”可知，史蒂文受欢迎的原因是通过电视直播弹钢琴。故选A项。
25．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“To mark a year since he played his composition, Steven was invited to conduct the BBC Philharmonic orchestra (管弦乐队) playing two of his compositions at the studio in Salford.(史蒂文被邀请在萨尔福德的录音室指挥BBC爱乐乐团演奏他的两首作品，以纪念他演奏作品一周年)”可知，史蒂文被邀请来演奏他的作品是为了庆祝他在线演奏作品一周年。故选D项。
26．
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“From my experience with dad, the right piece of music at the right time can be absolutely incredible.(从我和父亲的经验来看，在合适的时间演奏合适的音乐绝对是不可思议的)”可知，他儿子认为合适的音乐的影响是巨大的。故选C项。
27．A
28．B
29．D
30．D

【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了鉴于人工智能目前的技术瓶颈，它无法完全做到从另一个角度看待事物，科学家需要解决该技术瓶颈问题。
27．
词义猜测题。根据第四段的“such as a turtle with a special shell pattern that an AI misidentifies as a gun.（比如一只带有特殊外壳图案的乌龟，被 AI 误认为是一把枪。） ”可知，人工智能可以被一些人类可以毫无问题识别出的图片弄糊涂。因此confuse一词可以解释划线词。故选A。
28．
推理判断题。根据第六段的“ In one case, a school bus that was correctly identified in the original image was misidentified as a punching bag when shown in close-up, and as a snow plough when upside down in the road.（在一个案例中，一辆在原始图像中被正确识别的校车在近距离显示时被错误地识别为沙袋，而当倒置在路上时被错误地识别为雪犁。）”可知，校车的例子被用来说明人工智能识别系统并没有你想象的那么智能。故选B。
29．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“He, Clune and others have been uncovering these problems for the past few years, but nobody knows how to fix them. The biggest barrier to progress is that when an AI looks at an image, it can’t extract rules about the object that would help it identify a similar one next time—for example, the rule that horses have four legs. “To reach a human level of reasoning, we need a way to extract rules from images,” says Nguyen. （在过去的几年里，Nguyen、Clune 和其他人一直在寻找这些问题的解决途径，但没有人知道如何解决它们。前进的最大障碍是当人工智能查看图像时，它无法提取关于对象的规则以帮助它下次识别类似的对象。例如，马有四条腿的规则。Nguyen说，“为了达到人类的推理水平，我们需要一种从图像中提取规则的方法”。）”可知，从最后一段中可以推断出在人工智能中发展推理是人工智能研究人员面临的最大挑战。故选D。
30．
标题判断题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Telling a yellow taxi and a pair of binoculars apart is so easy that most people could do it standing on their head. Not so for an artificial intelligence: make the cab upside down and it sees binoculars.（分辨一辆黄色出租车和一副望远镜是那么容易，大多数人都可以很容易做得到。对于人工智能来说并非如此：把车倒过来，它看到的是望远镜。）”和上一题的分析可知，人工智能无法从另一个角度看待事物。因此D项“人工智能不能从另一个角度看事物”可以作为文章标题。故选D。
31．D
32．A
33．C
34．B

【分析】
本文是议论文。文章讨论了中国哲学对养育子女提供了大量的方法资源，作者认为尽管中国哲学提供了充足的育儿经验，但是育儿是复杂的困难的，不是简单顺利的。
31．
细节理解题。根据原文第二段“Parenting is tough, especially because there isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach. Different kids need different things.(养育孩子是困难的，特别是因为没有一种通用的方法。不同的孩子需要不同的东西。)”可知，根据作者的说法，养育子女是困难的，因为找不到适合每个孩子的标准方法。故选D。
32．
细节理解题。根据原文第三段“A successful life is one in which a person flourishes: they are happy, fulfilled, and they find meaning in what they do and who they are.(一个成功的人生是一个人繁荣的人生：他们快乐、充实，他们从自己的工作和身份中找到意义。)”可知中国古代哲学家的观点是成功的人会感到成功，因为他们过着有意义的生活。故选A。
33．
推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段的“Their diverse views on living a good life are precisely what makes Chinese philosophy such a great resource for parents.”(他们对美好生活的不同看法正是使中国哲学成为父母的巨大资源的原因。)可知，从这篇文章中我们能推断出儒家和道家思想为父母提供了丰富的育儿资源。故选C。
34．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Their diverse views on living a good life are precisely what makes Chinese philosophy such a great resource for parents.”(他们对美好生活的不同看法正是使中国哲学成为父母的巨大资源的原因。)和最后一段的“Parenting is messy. It is not simple or straightforward but complex and difficult. There are no magic solutions that make things easy or smooth.”(为人父母很麻烦。它不是简单或直接的，而是复杂和困难的。没有神奇的解决方案可以让事情变得简单或顺利。）可知作者认为中国哲学为父母提供了巨大的资源，但是为人父母是复杂困难的，没有什么神奇的解决方案使得育儿简单顺利，因此推断作者对将中国哲学应用于养育子女的态度是客观的。故选B。

北京市通州区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷
21．B 22．C 23．D

【分析】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了BBC文化频道专家推荐的2020年最佳电影。
21．推理判断题。根据文章Wolfwalkers中关键句“Robyn and her father have the job of clearing the wolves from a forest near Kilkenny, but when Robyn goes exploring, she finds that one of those wolves can transform into a human girl.”（罗宾和她的父亲的工作是清除基尔肯尼附近森林中的狼，但当罗宾去探险时，她发现其中一只狼可以变成一个人类女孩。）可知，Wolfwalkers是一部与冒险和奇幻有关的电影。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章The Assistant中关键句“The film looks beyond one person to center on a wider company culture.There is a serious atmosphere throughout as we wait for the assistant to fight against her boss or accept that she is going to keep working for him.”（这部电影将目光投向了个人以外的更广泛的公司文化。在我们等待这位助理与她的老板对抗或接受她将继续为他工作的事实时，整个过程中都有一种严肃的气氛。）可知，The Assistant这部电影侧重于公司的工作文化。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“To see the 2020 best films recommended by experts on the BBC Culture, you may have unexpected findings.”（看看BBC文化频道专家推荐的2020年最佳电影，你可能会有意想不到的发现。）可知，本文是一篇关于电影推荐的文章，可能来自于一本娱乐杂志。故选D项。
24．C 25．D 26．B 27．D

【分析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过讲述Todd在飞机上帮助带着两个孩子的妈妈的故事告诉我们，我们应该帮助那些带着小宝宝的惊慌失措的父母。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“She was in a panic when she boarded the plane. Her 4-month-old Alexander was screaming due to a series of unexpected events. Her 3-year-old Caroline, who had been excited before boarding the plane, lost her courage and began screaming too.”（她登上飞机时惊慌失措。她4个月大的亚历山大因为一系列意想不到的事情而尖叫。3岁的卡洛琳登机前一直很兴奋，但后来也失去了勇气，开始尖叫。）可知，杰西卡在登机时惊慌失措是由于她的孩子们无法控制自己的情绪。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“Once Caroline was settled and relatively calm, he also played games with her so that Jessica could feed Alexander.”（卡洛琳一安顿下来，相对平静，他还和她玩游戏，这样杰西卡就可以喂亚历山大了。）可知，Todd与Caroline玩游戏，使她的注意力从妈妈那里转移。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“The heartwarming story serves as a reminder to show kindness toward panic parents with young babies.”（这个感人的故事提醒我们，要对那些带着小宝宝的惊慌失措的父母表现出善意。）及“By offering a helping hand, we could not only help an overwhelmed parent but also make a child feel a little more comfortable.”（通过伸出援助之手，我们不仅能帮助不知所措的父母，也能让孩子感到更舒服一点。）可推知，在最后一段，作者想要表示，我们应该帮助父母照顾年幼的孩子。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“Many people would be unhappy to see young children sitting next to them on a flight, but a man called Todd took it as an opportunity to give a hand to a helpless mom.”（很多人在飞机上看到小孩子坐在自己身边会很不高兴，但是一个叫托德的人抓住这个机会，帮助了一位无助的母亲。）及第三段关键句“The kids were calm, but he didn't stop there. Throughout the flight, he engaged 3-year-old Caroline's best friend.”（孩子们很冷静，但他并没有就此打住。在整个飞行过程中，他成了3岁的卡洛琳最好的朋友。）并结合第四段关键句“As if that wasn't enough, he changed his seat on the next flight so he could sit in their row to help them.”（似乎这还不够，他在下一趟航班上换了座位，这样他就可以坐在他们那一排帮助他们。）可推知，Todd是一个耐心且体贴的人。故选D项。
28．D 29．B 30．A 31．C

【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一项用于修复气候变化影响的设计——制冰潜艇。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第一段关键句“The main purpose of this submarine was to create ice blocks to replace sea ice in the Polar Regions.”（这艘潜艇的主要目的是制造冰块来取代极地地区的海冰。）及第二段关键句“But the fast melting rate could mean a permanent loss of polar ice, which would have global consequences.”（但是，快速的融化速度可能意味着极地冰川的永久消失，这将产生全球性的后果。）可推知，制冰潜艇被设计用来制冰，从而弥补极地冰的减少。故选D项。
29．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段关键句“The ice-making submarine's basic design involves forming a large hexagonal ice block of roughly 25 meters across and 5 meters thick. A large container in the submarine would be filled when submerged under water. Then the slow process of desalination and freezing would begin. After about a month, the submarine would discharge the ice block and begin the process all over again.”（造冰潜艇的基本设计包括形成一个大约25米宽、5米厚的大型六边形冰块。当潜艇被淹没在水下时，潜艇内的一个大容器就会装满水。然后，海水淡化和冷冻的缓慢过程就会开始。大约一个月后，潜艇会排出冰块，然后重新开始这一过程。）可知，第四段描述了制冰的过程。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句“While many solutions look at reducing the greenhouse gases, few are aimed at repairing the effects of climate change. The ice-making submarine proposed to do just that.”（虽然许多解决方案着眼于减少温室气体，但很少有解决方案着眼于修复气候变化的影响。造冰潜艇就打算这么做。）可知，制冰潜艇的设计引入了应对气候危机的独特角度。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“The designers couldn't sufficiently answer many of the scientific criticisms. Their inventive idea does, however, indicate the need for creative solutions in repairing the loss of polar ice.”（设计师们无法充分回答许多科学上的批评。然而，他们的创造性想法确实表明，需要创造性的解决方案来修复极地冰川的消失。）可见，作者对于这项设计表示支持。故选C项。
32．B 33．B 34．D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了公平贸易运动试图通过照顾那些工作对消费者有利的人来解决这些问题。公平贸易就是要帮助那些通过劳动帮助你的人。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“In short, fair trade is about helping people who help you through their labor.（简而言之，公平贸易就是要帮助那些通过劳动帮助你的人）”所以公平贸易运动的目的就是帮助那些生产我们使用的产品的人。故选B。
33．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“For example, they might build a school or dig a well, either of which benefits everyone who uses it.（例如，他们可能会建一所学校或挖一口井，其中任何一种都会让使用它的人受益）”可知，这个例子是在解释这些钱被用在了社会发展上，是人类获益。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“To be labeled fair trade, products have to be made following certain high standards related to treating workers well and protecting the environment. This can be expensive, but the higher prices paid by purchasers cover the extra costs.（要想被贴上公平贸易的标签，产品必须按照与善待工人和保护环境有关的某些高标准来生产。这可能会很贵，但买家支付的较高价格抵消了额外的成本）”可知，消费者支付较高的价格主要是因为他们需要支付费用来满足高标准生产。故选D。

北京市石景山区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末练习英语试卷
21．D
22．B
23．A

【分析】
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是BookBub服务。
21．
细节理解题。根据Customized Categories部分的“Ranging from mysteries to romance to cookbooks, there are more than 35 categories to choose from to customize your email.（从神秘故事到浪漫故事再到烹饪书，有超过35个类别可供选择，以定制您的电子邮件）”可知，BookBub的独特主要在于它的个性化推荐，故选D。
22．
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“In many cases, they’ve downloaded hundreds of books and saved hundreds of dollars using the service.（在许多情况下，他们已经下载了数百本书，并通过使用该服务节省了数百美元）”和倒数第二段的““I now have more books than I can read in a lifetime,” said Suzie Miller of Auburn, WA. She said she has downloaded more than 350 free e-books using the service.（“我现在拥有的书比我一辈子都看不完的书还多，”华盛顿州奥本市的苏西·米勒说。她说，她已经通过这项服务下载了350多本免费电子书）”可知，作者提到Suzie Miller的声明是为了展示BookBub的好处，即可以节省很多钱，故选B。
23．
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Sign up to see today’s deals!（注册看看今天的优惠！）”可知，本文的目的是推广BookBub这一服务，故选A。
24．C
25．A
26．D
27．A

【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者下背部摔断了一根椎骨，医生告诉他再也不能踢球了，但是作者还是努力锻炼，最终还是不能踢球，作者最后意识到无论发生什么，生活都会继续。
24．
推理判断题。根据第一段的“I had waited for three months to find out whether or not I would be cleared to play football again, but the thought of waiting another five minutes seemed impossible.（我已经等了三个月，想知道我是否可以再踢一次足球，但再等五分钟似乎是不可能的。）”可知，作者在等医生的时候很不耐烦，因为他非常想知道结果。故选C。
25．
推理判断题。根据第三段的“I wasn’t surprised, but I opposed the idea wholeheartedly.（我并不感到惊讶，但我全心全意地反对这个想法。）”可知，作者对医生的话的感觉是不愿意接受这个事实。故选A。
26．
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“However, in the end, just as the doctor ordered, I never played another quarter of football.（然而，最后，正如医生所嘱咐的那样，我再也没有踢过足球。）”可知，最后作者没能回到足球场上。故选D。
27．
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“But over time, I realized no matter what happened, life would go on. Rather than focus on what was undeniably unachievable, I understood that even though this particular option was no longer open to me, I had countless other choices to make in its place.（但随着时间的推移，我意识到无论发生什么，生活都会继续。而不是专注于那些不可否认的不可能实现的事情，我明白，即使这个特别的选择不再对我开放，我还有无数的其他选择来代替它。）”可知，我们可以从文中得知一个道理，就是“坦然面对生活。”故选A。
28．C
29．D
30．B

【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究发现即使中年才开始锻炼也能降低早死的概率。
28．
推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s truly never too late to begin exercising, according to the researchers led by Pedro Saint-Maurice of the U.S. National Cancer Institute.（美国国家癌症研究所的佩德罗·圣莫里斯领导的研究人员表示，开始锻炼真的永远不晚）”和第二段的“But, perhaps surprisingly, people who’d been inactive in youth but decided to get more physical in their 40s and 50s saw almost the same decline—35 percent—in their probability of an early death.（但是，也许令人惊讶的是，那些年轻时不怎么运动，但在四五十岁时决定多锻炼身体的人，他们的早死概率几乎也下降了35%）”可推知，什么时候开始锻炼都不晚，在四五十岁的时候锻炼也可以延长寿命。故选C。
29．
推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段“It’s truly never too late to begin exercising, according to the researchers led by Pedro Saint-Maurice of the U.S. National Cancer Institute.（美国国家癌症研究所的佩德罗·圣莫里斯领导的研究人员表示，开始锻炼真的永远不晚）”、第二段的“The study tracked the lifetime exercise patterns of more than 315,000 people.（这项研究追踪了31.5万多人的终生运动模式）”、第三段的“The study also found that a mid-life start to physical activity seemed to cut the probability of death from the two major killers—heart disease and cancer.（研究还发现，中年开始锻炼似乎能降低死于两大主要杀手——心脏病和癌症的概率）”和第四段的“This study, once again, indicates the importance of physical activity in relationship to one’s long-term mortality（这项研究，再一次表明了体育活动对一个人长期死亡率的重要性）可推知，本文的主要目的是介绍一项关于运动益处的研究，告诉我们开始锻炼真的永远不晚，即使到了中年，锻炼也会带来益处。故选D。
30．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But starting exercising at a later age and still getting the same mortality benefit doesn’t mean that one should not exercise in younger years.（在较晚的年龄开始锻炼仍然能获得同样的死亡率益处，但是，并不意味着一个人在年轻时不应该锻炼）”可知，一个人不应该非要等到中年才开始锻炼，因此作者对“等到中年才能健身”的态度是不赞成的，即Disapproving，故选B。
31．B
32．D
33．A
34．C

【分析】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍音乐对身体和大脑的积极影响，它可以帮助学生克服学业障碍，进而获得更好的成绩。
31．
词句猜测题。根据句中“help students (帮助学生)”和划线词后“the physical and emotional barriers (身体和情感上的障碍)”可推知，划线词navigate是“帮助学生克服障碍”，与overcome同义。故选B项。
32．
细节理解题。根据第二段“The study found that students taking a test to music not only completed more questions within a set time but also answered more questions correctly. Music has been further linked to improvements in memory and recall.(研究发现，参加音乐测试的学生不仅在规定的时间内完成了更多的问题，而且答对了更多的问题。音乐还与记忆力和回忆能力的提升有进一步的联系)”可知，音乐可以帮助学生更好地记住相关信息。故选D项。
33．
推理判断题。根据第三段“A bit of mood music affects more than just memory and recall when students hit the books. Music can also relieve stress associated with school.(当学习时，一点情绪音乐不仅是影响记忆和回忆。音乐还可以缓解与学校有关的压力)”、“Research shows that certain types of music can make physical pain feel less intense.(研究表明，某些类型的音乐可以让身体上的疼痛感觉不那么强烈)”和“What’s more, calming music with a steady, meditative rhythm can help people sleep longer and more deeply.(更重要的是，沉稳的、有冥想节奏的舒缓音乐可以帮助人们睡得更长、更深)”可推知，第三段主要是为了列举音乐对身心的影响。故选A项。
34．
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段“Music has a powerful influence on both the body and the brain, in ways that can help students navigate the physical and emotional barriers that come with academic challenges. (音乐对身体和大脑都有强大的影响，可以帮助学生克服学业挑战带来的身体和情感障碍)”可知，文章主要介绍音乐对身体和大脑的积极影响，可以帮助学生克服学业障碍，获得更好的成绩。C项“The Score to Better Scores(音乐助力高分)”是文章最佳标题。故选C项。

北京市东城区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末统一检测英语试卷
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“完美助行架”的产品，介绍了其特色和订购方式。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“For years, I found myself walking less and less. As I got older, aches and pains in my back and legs caused me to stay in my chair, watching TV and watching life go by. My doctor told me to be more active, and I tried. I tried canes and walkers…and I hated them. Dragging myself along, bent over, looking at the ground two feet in front of me—that didn't seem like a fun way to get around. Then, one day, a friend introduced me to the Perfect Walker. Nothing is going to stop me now!(多年来，我发现自己走得越来越少。随着年龄的增长，背部和腿部的疼痛让我只能坐在椅子上，看着电视，看着生命流逝。我的医生告诉我要多运动，我试过了。 我试过手杖和助行器，但我讨厌它们。拖着自己走，弯着腰，看着我前面两英尺的地面——这似乎不是一个有趣的方式。后来有一天，一个朋友把我介绍给了“完美助行架”。现在没有什么能阻止我了！)”可知，一开始谈论完美助行架的是一个用户。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Traditional walkers force you to put the pressure of your body weight on your hands and wrists. You push them in front of you, looking at the ground instead of where you are going. The Perfect Walker moves with you, with your feet free to walk in a normal fashion.(传统的助行架迫使你将身体的重量压在你的手和手腕上。你把他们推到你面前，看着地面而不是你要去的地方。完美助行架随你移动，你的脚可以自由地以正常的方式行走)”可知，与传统助行架相比，完美助行架的最大优势是它允许用户以普通的方式行走。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Call now! 1-888-235-1481(现在就拨打1-888-235-1481)”以及最后一段中“Pick up the phone and take back your life.(拿起电话，重新开始你的生活吧)”可知，你可以通过拨打1-888-235-1481来下单。故选A。
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伊莎贝拉由于一场事故，遭受了难以想象的痛苦；尽管经历了种种困难，伊莎贝拉仍然保持乐观，她开始做饼干并把饼干销售的所有利润都捐给反欺凌和脑损伤的慈善机构来帮助他人的感人故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As a result of the incident, Isabella suffered neck and back injuries. She also began experiencing sensitivity to light and noise, and severe headaches(由于这一事件，伊莎贝拉的颈部和背部受伤。她还开始对光线和噪音敏感，并开始严重头痛)”可知，事件发生后伊莎贝拉遭受了难以想象的痛苦。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Isabella has managed to remain positive despite her struggles. "I choose not to sit around doing nothing and feeling sorry for myself," she says. She finds strength from her faith as well as from the support of her family. (尽管经历了种种困难，伊莎贝拉还是保持乐观。我选择不坐着无所事事，自怨自艾，她说。她从自己的信仰和家人的支持中找到了力量)”以及“Isabella has not been able to engage in any of the activities she used to enjoy, but she has discovered a passion for baking. (伊莎贝拉已经不能参加任何她以前喜欢的活动，但她发现了烘焙的热情)”可知，伊莎贝拉开始做饼干让生活充实起来。故选B。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Isabella has managed to remain positive despite her struggles. "I choose not to sit around doing nothing and feeling sorry for myself," she says. She finds strength from her faith as well as from the support of her family. (尽管经历了种种困难，伊莎贝拉还是保持了乐观。我选择不坐着无所事事，自怨自艾，她说。她从自己的信仰和家人的支持中找到了力量)”可知，Isabella很坚定，以及文章倒数第四段“Isabella donates all of the profits from the sale of the cookies to anti-bullying and brain injury charities.(伊莎贝拉把饼干销售的所有利润都捐给了反欺凌和脑损伤慈善机构)”可知，Isabella关心他人。故选C。
【答案】27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述在数字化革命到来后自动化已经威胁人们的职业，Joseph Aoun就这现象提出未来人工智能时代的教育。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。由文章第一段“The digital revolution has arrived. As automation becomes ever more common, even those professions once thought to be insulated from technological disruption face an uncertain future.”（数字化革命已经到来。随着自动化变得越来越常见，甚至那些曾经被认为将免于科技干扰的职业也将面临一个不确定的将来。）由本句中once thought和后面face an uncertain future推断前后句意应该发生转折，前面应该表示看好这些职业，原本认为这些职业不受科技影响。而A.Generated生产； B.Sheltered庇护；C. Prohibited禁止； D.Separated分离。故选B项。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段中“Automation, long a threat to low-skilled jobs, is now cost-effective in all repetitive work, including high-skilled jobs in health care, law, and research. Thus, for many the prospect of being replaced by a robot is more pressing.”（自动化一直以来就是对低技术工种的威胁，现在也在具有重复性的工种中也显得更划算，其中包括在医疗，法律和研究这是高技能的工作。因此，对于很多工种，被替代的可能性不容忽视。）可知，自动化已经威胁到人们的工作了。故选A项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。由文中“Having defined what a robot-proof education must involve, Aoun looks into how that education should be offered and what colleges and universities must do to meet the needs of a modern student body. ”（在定义未来人工智能时代的教育后，Aoun正在研究教育应该怎样提供以及学院和大学应该做什么来满足当代学生的需求。）以及文章最后一段“Perhaps that will ensure workers and the universities that educate them are indeed robot proof.”（可能那将确保工人，而且提供他们教育的大学是真正的未来人工智能时代的教育），可知，Aoun希望学院能提供robot-proof education。故选B项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第二段“ how can institutions prepare the next generation, when it's not clear what professions will exist to employ them?”（当还不清楚什么职业将会存在来雇佣他们，学院们怎么让下一代做好准备？）以后后文Aoun提出的robot-proof education可知，文章主要就我们应该怎么为未来的工作做好准备提出了观点。故选D项。
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。很多人无法抗拒用人类语言定义的术语来解读狗的面部表情，于是两只狗的主人尝试通过训练自己的狗Stella和Bunny来训练狗说话，作者对此并不认同，说明了狗进行交流的一些方式以及对狗主人的建议。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“If dogs could speak like their owners, many humans want to know, what would their dogs have to say?(如果狗能像主人一样说话，许多人想知道，他们的狗会说什么？)”以及第二段中“Into the market for answers step Christina Hunger, author of the book How Stella Learned to Talk, and Alexis Devine, the owner of Bunny, a TikTok star with over 6.3m followers.(《斯特拉如何学会说话》一书的作者Christina Hunger和TikTok明星、拥有超过630万粉丝的Bunny的主人Alexis Devine进入这一领域寻求答案)”可推知，作者提到Stella和Bunny是为了说明一次关于了解狗的语言的尝试。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“After careful training, both Stella and Bunny can paw a series of buttons that make a recorded voice speak one of several dozen programmed words. Both Ms. Devine and Ms. Hunger claim that their dogs are using language.(经过精心训练，Stella和Bunny都可以用爪子抓住一系列按钮，让录制好的声音说出几十个编程单词中的一个。Devine和Hunger小姐都声称，他们的狗在使用语言)”以及第三段中“Skinner described human language acquisition as he did other learned behaviours: the strengthening of a response after conditioning with a stimulus. If saying "food" gets you food, you' re more likely to say it. (Skinner将人类语言习得描述为他所做的其他习得行为：在刺激条件反射后，强化反应。如果说“food”让你得到食物，你更有可能说出来)”可知，Devine和Hunger的实践与Skinner的理论一致。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“But some dog experts dislike the practice of forcing word-based communication onto dogs. By focusing on a basic kind of language that seems human, it ignores dogs' abilities to express themselves in their own ways.(但一些狗狗专家不喜欢强迫狗狗进行基于语言的交流。通过关注一种似乎是人类的基本语言，它忽略了狗狗以自己的方式表达自己的能力)”可推知，作者认为，试图证明狗的语言能力的人没有认识到狗之所以是狗的原因。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Or they can try another approach: buy one of the many good books on understanding how dogs naturally communicate, and spend the time they might invest in programming buttons on getting to know their pets instead. Even the best-trained dog is a poor conversationalist in human terms — but a brilliant one on their own. (或者，他们可以尝试另一种方法：买一本关于了解狗狗如何自然交流的好书，然后把时间花在编程按钮上，让他们了解自己的宠物。即使是最训练有素的狗，用人类的语言来说，也不善于交谈——但它们自己却很聪明)”可推知，作者向狗主人传达的信息是提高他们对宠物的理解是至关重要的。故选C。