北师大版高中英语必修第二册UNIT5 Section D课时学案含答案

这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第二册UNIT5 Section D课时学案含答案，共45页。

Section D　Lesson 3　Race to the PoleⅠ.基础词汇1．________________ n. 滑雪板vi. 滑雪2．________________ n. 基地，大本营；基础vt. 以……为基地3．________________ n. 上校；队长；组长4．________________ n. 极地的，地极的5．________________ n. 帐篷6．________________ n. 洲，大洲；大陆7．________________ n. 雪橇Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．honest adj.诚实的→________ n．坦诚；诚实，正直2．sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的→________ n．真诚，真挚，诚实→________ adv.真诚地；诚实地3．brave adj.勇敢的→________ n．勇气；勇敢的行为4．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→________ adj.有雄心的5．cheer v．欢呼；喝彩→________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的6．distance n．距离→________ adj.久远的；遥远的7．explore v．探索，勘探→________ n．探险者；勘察者→________ n．探险；探索8．prepare v．准备→________ n．预备，准备9．anxious adj.焦虑的→________ adv.焦虑地；不安地→________ n．焦虑；不安；担心10．prove vt.证明；证实→________ n．证明；证实Ⅰ.课文思维导图Ⅱ.课文阅读理解1．What did Captain Scott use to pull the sledges?A．Horses. B．Dogs.C．Donkeys. D．Cats.2．How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole?A．Less than one month.B．Less than two months.C．More than two months.D．More than three months.3．What did Captain Scott and his four members do on their way back?A．They saved some penguins.B．They did some scientific research.C．They lost all their food.D．They carried rocks with them.4．What's the text mainly about?A．A great explorer.B．Two teams' journey to the South Pole.C．A worst disaster.D．A race between two teams.Ⅲ.课文语法填空On 1 June, 1910, on his way to Antarctica, Captain Scott received a message from the Norwegian explorer Amundsen 1.________ said he was going south, too. Then the race to the South Pole began.After making 2.________ (prepare), Amundsen was the first 3.________ (leave) on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs 4.________ (pull) the sledges and all his men were on skis. On 14 December, 1911, Amundsen reached the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there. On 25 January, 1912, Amundsen and his team arrived 5.________ (safe) back to their starting base.Captain Scott left on 1 November, 1911 and soon had problems. The horses used to pull the sledges had difficulties 6.________ the snow and the cold. Therefore, they had to push the sledges themselves. Captain Scott and four team members finally arrived at the Pole, but they 7.________ (shock) to see the Norwegian flag there.The return journey was one of the 8.________ (bad) in the history of exploration. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Although faced with the hopeless situation, they looked for and carried twenty kilos of rocks all 9.________ way with them. Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.Then disaster came. The members died one by one. The news shocked the whole world. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage 10.________ (show) by Scott and his team made them heroes.[词汇注释]①captain/'kæptɪn/n.上校；队长；组长②begin one's journey to...开始去往……的旅行③on the way to在去……的路上④explorer/ɪk'splɔːrə/n.探险者；勘察者⑤polar/'pəʊlə/adj.极地的，地极的⑥base/beɪs/n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地※organise food bases 建立食物储备基地⑦preparation/ˌprepə'reɪʃn/n.预备，准备※in preparation for准备make preparations for为……做准备⑧anxiously/'æŋkʃəsli/adv.焦虑地，不安地※wait anxiously for焦急地等待……⑨*sledge/sledʒ/n.雪橇⑩ski/skiː/n.滑雪板 vi.滑雪⑪make rapid progress进展快⑫break down停止运转，出故障⑬have difficulties with应对……有困难⑭push the sledges themselves他们自己推雪橇⑮prepare for准备……⑯the return journey返程⑰...day(s) ahead of比……提前……天⑱arrive at到达(小地点)※arrive in到达(大地点)⑲ambition/æm'bɪʃən/n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿※ambitious adj.有雄心的lose the goal of one's ambition失去了某人雄心壮志的目标⑳in the history of在……历史上(21) exploration/ˌeksplə'reɪʃən/n.探险；探索(22)cheerful/'tʃɪəfəl/adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的※cheer v．喝彩；欢呼n．欢呼声(23)put on穿上；戴上(24)slower and slower越来越慢(25) on one's way back在某人返回的路上(26)all the way一路上(27)prove/pruːv/vt.证明；证实※prove that...证实……proof n．证据(28)at one time曾经，一度(29)distant/'dɪstənt/adj.久远的；遥远的※in the distant past在很久以前，在遥远的过去(30)continent/'kɒntɪnənt/n.洲，大洲；大陆(31)have a terrible disease患了严重的疾病(32)a bad fall重重地摔了一跤(33)meet the end with以……挺到最后(34)carry on继续进行(35)*tent/tent/n.帐篷(36)spend time (in) doing...花费时间做……(37)full of sadness充满悲伤(38)pay a price (for)(为……)付出代价(39)shock the world震惊全世界(40)be moved by被……触动(41)honesty/'ɒnəsti/n.坦诚；诚实，正直(42)sincerity/sɪn'serəti/n.真诚，真挚，诚实(43)bravery/'breɪvəri/n.勇气；勇敢的行为(44)fail to do sth.没能做某事[教材原文]On 1 June, 1910, Captain① Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to② Antarctica. While__he__was__on__the__way__to③__Antarctica,__he__received__a__message__from__the__Norwegian__explorer④__Roald__Amundsen__which__said__he__was__going__south,__too.[1] Then the race to the South Pole began!During the polar⑤ summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised food bases⑥ in preparation⑦ for their journeys the next year. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously⑧ for spring.Amundsen__was__the__first__to__leave__on__8__September,__1911.[2] He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges⑨ and all his men were on skis⑩. Because of this, he made rapid progress⑪. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down⑫ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with⑬ the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves⑭.[1]句中while引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰a message，此处先行词a message和定语从句被介词短语from the...Amundsen隔开，称为分隔式定语从句。[2]固定句式：be＋the＋序数词＋动词不定式(作后置定语，修饰“the＋序数词”)。Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for⑮ the return journey⑯. Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912 after ten days ahead of⑰ their planned schedule.Scott finally arrived at⑱ the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912.They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote in his diary：“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition⑲ and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.”The return journey was one of the worst in the history of⑳ exploration21. The men were soon very tired and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realise their hopeless situation: “We are very cheerful22, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. Putting__on23__our__shoes__in__the__morning__is__getting__slower__and__slower24．[3]”[3]单个动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。这句话也表达了人们的绝望之情。However, on their way back25 they found time to look for rocks. They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way26 with them. Later, these rocks proved27 that at one time28 in the distant29 past, the continent30 of Antarctica was covered by plants.Then disaster came. Edgar Evans had a terrible disease31 and died after a bad fall32. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking. Scott recorded his death：“He said, ‘I am just going outside and may be some time.’ ...We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but__though__we__tried__to__stop__him,__we__knew__that__it__was__the__act__of__a__brave__man__and__an__English__gentleman.[4] We all hope to meet the end with33 a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far.”Scott and two of his team members carried on34 and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent35. Scott spent some of his last hours writing36. He wrote a letter full of sadness37 to his wife Kathleen：“I could tell you lots and lots about this journey. What stories you would have for the boy...but__what__a__price__to__pay38.”[4]句中but是并列连词，连接两个并列分句。分句一中含有宾语从句，分句二中含有让步状语从句和宾语从句。Scott's diary also told the story of their end：“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can't be far. It__seems__a__pity,__but__I__do__not__think__I__can__write__more.[5]”The news of Scott's death shocked the world39. Even Amundsen was moved by40 Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty41, sincerity42, for bravery43, for everything that makes a man”. Scott had failed to44 win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.[5]句中but连接两个分句；第二个分句中I do not think是否定前移，即I think I can't write more。该句预示了斯科特和他的队友们死亡的结局。[汉语译文]1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校(captain)离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家(explorer)罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。于是，奔向南极的赛跑就开始了！在1910—1911年的极地的(polar)夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备基地(base)，为来年的旅程做准备(preparation)。极地的冬季来临，四周一片黑暗。斯科特和阿蒙焦急地(anxiously)等待春天的到来。1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。他用几队狗拉雪橇(sledge)，所有的队员都在滑雪板(ski)上行进。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特动身，但很快就出现了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了(break down)，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了一阵子，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推雪橇。1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达极点，在那里插上了挪威国旗。然后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的团队比计划的行程提前10天安全抵达了他们出发的基地。1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员终于到达了极点。当看到挪威国旗时，他们非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：“好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗(ambition)的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦行进——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。”他们的回程是探险(exploration)史上最糟糕的旅程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气非常糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的处境令人绝望：“我们很高兴(cheerful)，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢。”然而，在回去的路上，他们还花时间去寻找了岩石。他们一路上带着二十公斤的石头。后来，通过这些石块可以证实(prove)，在遥远的(distant)过去，南极洲(continent)曾经被植被覆盖。然后灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯得了一种可怕的疾病，重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。斯科特记下了他的死亡：“他说，‘我要出去一下，可能会待上一会儿。’……我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。”斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离食品储备点不足11英里的地方，但随后爆发了一场可怕的风暴，他们无法离开帐篷(tent)。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他写了一封充满悲伤的信给妻子凯瑟琳：“关于这次旅行我有太多太多的事情想告诉你。很多你愿意给孩子讲的故事……但付出了多大的代价啊。”斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：“我们越来越虚弱，终点可能不远了。非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。”斯科特死亡的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的离世所触动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实(honesty)、真诚(sincerity)、勇敢(bravery)，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。”斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成了英雄。►第一版块|核心单词1)preparation n．准备工作；预备，准备) (教材原句)What preparations do they need to make?他们需要做什么准备？make preparations for 为……做准备工作make preparations to do sth. 为做某事做准备be in preparation 在准备中in preparation for 为……做准备❶I began to make preparations for this journey.我开始为这次旅行做准备。❷I have two more books in preparation.我还有另外两本书在准备中。❸He packed his bags in preparation for the journey.他收拾好行李，准备旅行。prepare for 为……做准备prepare to do sth. 准备做某事(表示动作)prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为某事做准备be/get prepared for sth. 为某事做好准备(表示状态)be/get prepared to do sth. 为做某事做好准备❹I prepared to write an article to air my views.我准备写篇文章来提出自己的看法。❺Prepare yourself for a surprise when you go into the room.在你进屋子时，要有个思想准备，别吓一跳。❻You must be prepared to give the job your undivided attention.你必须准备好全身心地投入工作。[拓展]　prepare vt.使做好准备；把……准备好；预备(饭菜)vt. & vi.使(自己)有准备→prepared adj.准备好的；有所准备的[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He didn't do any ________ (prepare) for this exam, so he failed.②Philip was not prepared ________ the question.③The third book in the series is ______ preparation now.④I'm not ________ (prepare) to discuss this over the telephone.⑤As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment ________ preparation for the building's end.完成句子⑥The team has been training hard ____________________ (为……做准备) the big game.⑦I always have to ________________ (为……做准备) yet another move to a new city.2)captain n．队长；组长；船长；首领；上校) (教材原句)On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. 1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。❶She was captain of the basketball team at school.她过去是校篮球队的队长。❷The sailors are asked to take their positions by their captain.船长要求水手们各就各位。❸The captain ordered his men to move forwards.将军命令士兵向前行进。[即学即练]　写出句中captain的词性及含义①The captain brought the men to attention as the general arrived.________②The captain is careful for the safety of the passengers.________③The football team captain is a great figure in the school.________3)base n．基地，大本营，根据地；基础　vt.以……为基地) (教材原句)During the polar summer of 1910—1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.在1910—1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备基地，为来年的旅程做准备。(1)at the base of... 在……底部have a broad base of 有广泛的……基础(2)base...on/upon... ……以……为基础，……以……为根据base our company in Shanghai 把公司基地(总部)设在上海be based on/upon... 以……为基础/根据❶The house is built on a stone base.此房建在石头地基上。❷There is a naval/an air base nearby.附近有一座海/空军基地。❸The boy is curious about everything to do with the air base.这个男孩对与空军基地有关的一切都很好奇。❹Many languages have Latin as their base.许多语言都以拉丁语为基础。❺The temple lies at the base of the mountain.那座庙位于山脚下。❻These policies have a broad base of support.这些政策受到广泛支持。❼We should work hard at our lessons so as to lay a good base for our future.我们应努力学习功课，以便为我们的未来打下良好基础。❽We based our conclusion on facts.我们是以事实作为我们结论的依据的。❾My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.我的选择是基于我想要的生活方式。[拓展]　basic adj.基本的；基础的；初级的basically adv.基本上；大体上；从根本上说Food, clothing and shelter are all basic necessities of life.衣、食、住所是生活的基本必需品。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①We must base ourselves ________ the interests of the people.②She used her family's history as ________ base for her novel.③A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it ________ (base) on trust and existing relationships.④The officers lay flowers ________ the base of the new monument.⑤The word “media” ________ (basic) refers to what we commonly call newspapers, magazines, radios and televisions.写出句中base的词性及含义⑥Gunfire was heard at an army base close to the airport.________⑦Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines.________⑧He was determined to give his family a secure and solid base.________4)anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地) (教材原句)Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到来。wait anxiously for 焦急地等待……look anxiously at 忧虑地看着……be anxious about sth. 为某事担心be anxious for sth. 渴望某事be anxious to do sth. 渴望/急于做某事be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事be anxious that... 渴望……(从句谓语用“should＋”动词原形)❶Everybody is waiting anxiously for the doctor.大家都在焦急地等着医生。❷I am anxious about the letter because it hasn't arrived.我为这封信着急，因为它还没有到。❸The children are anxious to go to the party.孩子们渴望去参加聚会。❹We were anxious for rescuers to come to our help.我们渴望着救援人员前来帮助我们。❺I'm anxious that I (should) go to a top university.我渴望去上一所顶尖大学。❻He is anxious for success.他渴望成功。[拓展]　anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiety n．焦虑；不安；渴望with anxiety焦虑地Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was breathless with anxiety．看着他爬上悬崖，大家都紧张得喘不过气来。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I'm anxious ________ (see) what the new neighbours are like.②Jack still can't help being anxious ________ his job interview.③We waited ________ anxiety for our examination results.④________ (anxious) she took the dress out of the package and tried it on.完成句子⑤The singer ____________________ (渴望) the prize.⑥She ________________ (焦急地看着) her parents as if waiting for forgiveness.5)ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪(→skier n．滑雪者skiing n．滑雪运动)) go skiing 去滑雪ski suits/boots/resorts 滑雪服/滑雪靴/滑雪胜地a pair of skis 一副滑雪板waterski 滑水橇❶I'll have the express delivery service send my ski.我将用快递把滑雪板寄过去。❷They skied down the mountain.他们滑雪下山。❸The students often go skiing during winter vacation.学生们在寒假期间经常去滑雪。❹She is a skier who is unafraid of danger.她是一名敢于冒险的滑雪者。❺Cross­country skiing remained the weak spot of the Chinese team.越野滑雪仍是中国队的弱项。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①That store specialises in imported ________ (ski).②Do you find ________ (ski) or jogging more to your taste?③He was also an expert sailor, diver and ________ (ski).完成句子④Many skiers are happy to give up a summer vacation to __________________ (去滑雪).6)ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿) (教材原句)Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams.好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦行进——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。have an ambition to do sth. 渴望做某事have an ambition of doing sth. 有做某事的愿望have an ambition for sth. 渴望获得……a lack of ambition 缺乏抱负be full of ambition 充满野心achieve/fulfill/realise an ambition 实现夙愿One's ambition is to be/do... 某人的理想是成为/做……❶She's clever but lacks ambition.她很聪明，但是没有抱负。❷Her lifelong ambition was to be a teacher.当一名教师是她终生追求的目标。❸A student who is full of ambition usually studies hard.一个胸怀大志的学生通常是刻苦学习的。❹You will achieve your ambition if you work hard.如果你努力工作，你将实现你的抱负。❺The young man has an ambition to be the greatest physicist in his country.这个年轻人渴望成为他的国家里最伟大的物理学家。❻The politician has an ambition for power.这个政客心怀权力的野心。be ambitious for 渴望得到……；对……野心勃勃be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事❼He is ambitious for success.他一心想成功。[拓展]　ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有强烈愿望的；急切的The girl is ambitious to be admitted into the key university.女孩渴望被那所重点大学录取。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Ann has an ambition ________ (be) a professor.②You will not be able to achieve your ________ (ambitious) if you do not work hard.③One of his greatest ________ (ambition) is to be admitted into a key university.④Galileo was not merely ________ (ambition) when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.完成句子⑤That statesman is __________________________ (充满野心).⑥She ____________________ (渴望赢得) first prize in the Olympics.7)cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的；令人愉快的(→cheerfulness n．高兴)) (教材原句)We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.我们很高兴，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜到。a cheerful smile/face 愉快的微笑/表情a cheerful voice 欢快的说话声a cheerful atmosphere 一种令人愉快的气氛a cheerful picture 一张赏心悦目的画feel cheerful 感到愉快a cheerful employee 快乐的雇员cheerful personality 开朗的个性keep sb. cheerful 让某人保持愉快❶Your cheerful smile has relieved me of all my worries.你欢快的微笑把我满心的担忧全驱散了。❷Drinking water can really help keep you cheerful.喝水真的能有助于你保持愉快。cheer n. 欢呼声；喝彩声vt. & vi 欢呼；(为……)喝彩；鼓励；(使)振奋❸The audience greet his speech with loud cheer.听众对他的演讲报以高声欢呼。❹Everyone cheered for the violinist at our school concert.在学校组织的音乐会上，大家都为小提琴手喝彩叫好。❺I think he misses her terribly. You might cheer him up.我觉得他太想念她了。你也许能使他振作起来。❻Please come to the sports meeting to cheer our team on.请来运动会为我们队助威。[拓展]　words of cheer鼓励的话give a great cheer热烈欢呼cheer for为……喝彩叫好；为……鼓劲加油cheer (sb.) up使(某人)振作起来；使(某人)高兴起来cheer on向……欢呼；为……鼓劲加油[即学即练]　单句语法填空①This restaurant has a ________ (cheer) atmosphere.②Our friends have a look of ________ (cheerful).③The audience gave ________ great cheer when he scored.④Let's go to the football game and cheer ________ our favourite team.⑤We did our best to cheer him ________ when he was about to give up.⑥She was cheered ________ by the news that her father would come to see her the next day.完成句子⑦I think it is good and many members even ____________________ (为……叫好) this idea.8)prove vt.证明；证实(→proof n．证据；证明)) (教材原句)Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明……prove to sb. that... 向某人证明……prove that... 证明……prove sb. wrong/innocent 证明某人错误/无辜prove one's point 证明某人的观点prove sb./sth. (to be)＋adj./n. 证明某人/某物是……prove oneself (to be) 证明自己是……it is proved that... ……被证实❶He is anxious to find a chance to prove his ability to his boss.他急于找机会向老板证明自己的能力。❷Today's state­of­the­art atomic clocks have proven Einstein right.今天最先进的原子钟证明了爱因斯坦是对的。❸He proved that it's not what happens to us that determines our lives—it's what we make of what happens.他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情，而是我们如何看待发生的事情，决定了我们的生活。❹It is proved that you will succeed faster if you feel yourself happy.事实证明，如果你感觉自己幸福的话，你会成功得更快。❺Have you got any proof that you own this bike?你有什么证据证明这辆自行车是你的？❻The method proved useful.这个方法证明有用。❼For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent.就足球和篮球来说，事实证明往队里增加天才球员是一个好方法，但只能达到天才球员占比70%的上限。[误区警示]　prove还可作连系动词，意为“证明是，被发现是”，后接形容词或名词作表语，常用固定搭配是“prove (to be)＋adj./n.”。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The blood on his shoes was a ________ (prove) of his guilt.②She may prove ________ (be) the most suitable person for the job.③It ________ (prove) that the man stole some money from the shop.④He proved ________ (he) a worthy successor to the former Prime Minister.⑤You will have to prove ________ the police that you were at home that night.⑥Their experiences prove ________ life is full of changes and possibilities.完成句子⑦She was determined to ________________________ (证明所有人错了).⑧I shall __________________________ (向你证明) that the witness is quite unreliable.9)distant adj.久远的；遥远的；冷淡的；远亲的) be distant with 疏远，远离be distant from... 离……远the distant past 遥远的过去in the not too distant future 在不久的将来❶To many people, technology means computers, hand­held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.对许多人来说，科技意味着电脑、手持设备或能到遥远星球旅行的交通工具。❷Her manner was rather distant.她的态度相当冷淡。❸She is a distant cousin of mine.她是我的远房表妹。❹He is a trouble maker. You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。❺He remained distant from the people he worked with.他对同事们敬而远之。[拓展]　distance n. 距离；冷淡；远方distantly adv. 遥远地；疏远地，冷淡地in the distance 在远处at/from a distance 从远处；离一段距离at a distance of... 在……远的地方within walking distance 在步行就能到的距离内keep one's distance (from...) (与……)保持距离keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离；对某人冷淡❻You can see the mountains in the distance.你可以看见远处的山。❼Oil paintings are to be appreciated at a distance.油画要在一定的距离外欣赏。❽The living quarters for the workers are within walking distance of the factory.工人的住处离工厂很近，步行可以走到。❾It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.要了解她很难，她总是对每个人都保持一定距离。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) He is distantly related to the family.他与那个家族关系较远。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Your dress looks all right ________ a distance.②My house is ________ walking distance of the school.③His friends weren't distant ________ him though he was in debt.④I encountered many hikers who were headed to a ________ (distance) camp­ground with just enough time to get there before dark.⑤They were too ________ (distant) seated for any conversation.⑥Glowing plants could reduce this ________ (distant) and therefore help save energy.写出句中distant的含义⑦A distant relative is not as good as a near neighbour.________⑧His stepson is still very distant towards him.________⑨It snows all the year round in that distant little village.________完成句子(10) ________________ (从很远的距离) the child heard a woman's scream.⑪They have always ______________________________ (与……保持距离) the neighbours.10)honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直) (教材原句)Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man.斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。with honesty 诚实地，老实地honesty and integrity 诚实正直have honesty and integrity to be... 具有成为……的诚实正直品质have honesty 具有诚实的品质in all honesty/in honesty 其实，说实话honesty about... 在某事上的诚实❶Companies must earn a reputation for honesty.公司必须赢得诚信的声誉。❷My parents taught me that honesty was always the best policy.我父母教导我，诚实永远是处世的最佳原则。❸I appreciate your honesty about this.我很欣赏你对待此事的诚实态度。❹She had the honesty to admit that her mother was right.她老老实实地承认妈妈是对的。❺In all honesty, the book was not as good as I had expected.说实话，这本书不像我期待的那么好。to be honest 老实说；说实话be honest with 对……诚实；坦诚to be honest with you 老实跟你说be honest in 在……方面诚实be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚be honest about sth. 对某事没有隐瞒/坦诚；坦诚表达……❻To be honest, the house is not quite our style.说实话，我们不大喜欢这栋房子。❼She is always honest with her customers.她对她的顾客总是诚实的。❽He was perfectly honest in telling me the story.他把这件事老老实实地告诉了我。[拓展]　honest adj.诚实的；正直的　honestly adv.诚实地；正大光明地I know she's honest and reliable.我知道她是诚实可靠的。Try to be honest about how you feel.尽量不要隐瞒自己的感受。She fought honestly for a just cause and for freedom.她为了正义事业和自由而光明正大地斗争。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①________ (be) honest, I didn't want them to be punished.②She has always been honest ________ me, and I respect her for that.③My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ________ (honest).④It came as a shock to hear an old friend speak so ________ (honest) about Ted.完成句子⑤____________________ (跟你说实话), I don't remember what he said.⑥________________________ (在……方面诚实) your discussion with your friend.11)sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实(→sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的 sincerely adv.真诚地；真心地)) in all sincerity非常真诚地；衷心地(同义短语：from the bottom of one's heart, from one's heart)❶His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。❷I may say in all sincerity that you have been my most loyal friend.我可以非常真诚地说，你一直是我最忠实的朋友。❸I don't doubt her sincerity, but I think she's got her facts wrong.我不怀疑她的诚意，但我认为她把事实搞错了。sincere gratitude 衷心的感谢a sincere apology 诚恳的道歉a sincere friend 真诚的朋友be sincere in 在……是真诚的❹Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。❺He offered a sincere apology for his behaviour.他主动对自己的行为诚恳地道了歉。❻He was sincere in his love for literature.他对文学的爱好是很真诚的。❼We sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation.我们真诚地希望你能接受我们的邀请。[拓展]　be sincerely thankful for your help由衷地感谢你的帮助sincerely hope衷心地希望yours sincerely你真诚的，敬上，谨启(用于正式信件末尾的署名前)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Her ________ (sincere) has never been questioned.②I ________ (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.③I can say ________ all sincerity that I knew nothing of these plans.④She is never completely sincere ________ what she says about people.⑤I was impressed by her ________ (sincere) so deeply at that time that I decided to make friends with her.12)bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为(→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地)) an act of great bravery 非常勇敢的行为show sb's bravery 展示/显示勇气/无畏精神require bravery 需要勇气fight with bravery 英勇战斗with bravery 勇敢地❶He received a medal in reward for his bravery.他因勇敢获得一枚奖章。❷His act of great bravery is praised by the people.他的英勇行为受到人民的赞扬。　　　　be brave about 对……无所畏惧be brave to do sth. 勇敢地做某事It is brave of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很勇敢。❸The young man's brave deeds brought him honour and glory.这个年轻人的勇敢事迹为他带来了荣耀和赞美。❹Let us remember the brave who died for the peace of the world.让我们缅怀为世界和平献身的勇士们。❺You have to be brave about the changes in your life.你必须勇敢地面对生活中的变化。❻I wasn't brave enough to tell her what I thought of her.我当时没有勇气告诉她我对她的看法。[拓展]　brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的 n．勇敢的人(the brave)It takes a great deal of courage to face the situation bravely.大胆地正视这一局面需要很大的勇气。It is brave of him to save a girl from the burning house.他从着火的房屋中救出女孩，真勇敢。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①She was brave enough ________ (go) there alone.②We ________ (brave) drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler's checks Mom had forgotten.③I think you should be brave ________ the challenges you face in work.④The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend trip to Dublin with a friend, thanking him for his ________ (brave).►第二版块|重要短语1)break down停止运转，出故障；失败；(精神、身体)垮掉；分解；拆分；消除；禁不住哭出来) (教材原句)First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。❶The machine must break down at this busy hour.正忙的时候，机器偏偏又坏了。❷Talks with them broke down last night.昨晚与他们的谈判失败了。❸Your health will break down if you work too hard.如果你过分辛劳，会把身体搞垮。❹Water is readily broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.水可以很容易地分解为氢和氧。❺The repairman broke down the washing machine.维修人员拆开了洗衣机。❻She broke down at the news of her mother's death.听到母亲去世的噩耗，她不禁哭了起来。[拓展]break away (from) 离开；逃脱；脱离break into 破门而入；突然……起来break out (火灾、战争等)突然爆发break up 破碎；破裂；解散；解体；散会；驱散；放假break in 插嘴；打断；闯入break off 中断；折断break through 冲破；从云层后露出❼He broke away from his family and has gone to live in Australia.他离家出走，去澳大利亚定居。❽Mary broke off some of the chocolate to give to the children.玛丽把巧克力掰开分给孩子们。❾Warm applause broke out after his speech.他演讲结束后响起了热烈的掌声。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) The sun broke through at last in the afternoon.下午太阳终于拨云而出。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(11)) They are always quarrelling and their relations are breaking up.他们总吵架，他们的关系将要破裂。[语境助记]　Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.琼斯的想法已经完全实现了——这种“乐于聊天”的长椅有助于消除阻碍人们打招呼的无形社会障碍。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①When does your school break ______？②Peter's health broke ________ and he was unable to work for a year.③They attempted to break ________ to form an independent state.④The river broke ________ its banks, and flooded the country for many miles around.⑤We were discussing our plans, but had to break ________ when the telephone rang.写出句中break down的含义⑥The washing machine seems to have broken down again.________⑦She had been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier between them.________⑧She broke down when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.________⑨His plan broke down when it was put into practice because he had not given enough attention to details.________⑩When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink.________2)have difficulties with...应对……有困难) They have difficulties with their own language, let alone someone else's.他们说自己的语言都有困难，更不用说其他人的语言了。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难have trouble/problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难/麻烦have some trouble/problems with sth. 在某事方面有些困难/麻烦have no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 毫不费力地做某事with difficulty 有困难in difficulty 处在困境中without difficulty 没有困难❶The patient was found having difficulty in breathing.病人被发现呼吸困难。❷If you lack sleep, you might have problems with your memory.如果你缺乏睡眠，你的记忆可能会出问题。❸Small amounts of caffeine—a cup or two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts.对大多数人来说，少量咖啡因——每天一杯或两杯咖啡——似乎是安全的。然而，有些人即使是少量也会有麻烦。❹He'll have no difficulty in making his way in the world.他要在这个世界上出人头地是没有什么困难的。❺He was going red in the face and breathing with difficulty.他面色发红，费力地喘着气。[特别提醒]　difficulty在表示抽象的“困难，费力”时，是不可数名词；在表示具体的“困难，难处”时，是可数名词。如：I'm having difficulty with the engine.我的引擎出了问题。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Teenagers often have difficulty ______ (express) themselves.②Such people have difficulty ________ simple activities because they are overweight.③You'd better ask your teacher when you have problems ________ learning English.④Whenever we have trouble ______ our studies, our teachers help us patiently.⑤The halls are nothing but rooms, and it is ________ difficulty that the air can be changed in them.⑥On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble ________ (find) a hotel with a vacancy.3)on one's/the way to在某人去……的路上(to是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语)) (教材原句)He did his shopping on the way to school.他在上学的路上买了东西。❶He invited people on their way into a coffee shop.他邀请路过的人去咖啡馆。on one's way home 在某人回家的路上on the way to work 在上班的路上be well on the way to sth./doing sth. 即将达到；将要成为be well on the way to recovery 快要康复了be well on the way to becoming a doctor 即将成为医生[拓展]　by the way顺便提一下by way of经由，经过in the/one's way挡路；妨碍out of the way不再碍事；不再挡路all the way一路；自始至终in no way决不in a way在某种程度上on the way在路上；即将到达/发生on the way out开始过时；在离开的途中no way不可能；没门儿under way在进行中，已经开始❷Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.多年来，简的奶奶一直想写一本儿童读物，但总是被这样或那样的事耽搁了。[即学即练]　完成句子①宠物是有趣并让人愉快的，但在某种程度上，我们让动物生活在人类的环境中是对动物的伤害。Pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are ________________________ doing harm to animals by making them live in a human environment.②我挪开腿让她能够过去。I moved my legs ________________________ so that she could get past.③五月份为期一周的特别活动的准备工作正在顺利开展。Preparations are well ________________ for a week of special events in May.④我儿子即将成为医生。My son ____________________________ becoming a doctor.⑤他经由俄罗斯到达美国。He went to America ______________ Russia.⑥他决不能通过作弊通过考试。________________________ can he pass the exam by cheating.⑦顺便问一下，你要去哪里？________________ where are you going?►第三版块|疑难句型1)then置于句首时用倒装语序) (教材原句)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.极地的冬季来临，四周一片黑暗。[句式分析]　本句中，时间副词then位于句首，谓语动词是come，主语是名词，句子需用完全倒装。为保持句子平衡或为突出、强调某些内容，可把副词、形容词、介词短语或分词提到句首，并把句子的谓语动词提前构成完全倒装。❶Then came a new difficulty.这时又产生了一个新的难题。❷Then began a fierce argument between the two persons.于是两人之间开始了激烈的争论。[归纳拓展]　以下情况出现时句子要用完全倒装：(1)时间副词now置于句首；(2)地点副词here/there位于句首，谓语是be, come, go, stand, lie, exist等，且主语是名词；(3)表示方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首，且名词作主语；(4)表语或地点状语(多为介词短语)＋连系动词或实义动词＋主语(名词)。❸Now comes your turn to recite the text.现在轮到你背诵课文了。❹Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。❺There lies a new school by the river.河边有一所新学校。❻The door opened and in came Mr Gao.门开了，高老师进来了。❼Among these people was his friend Li Ming.他的朋友李明就在这些人当中。[语境助记]There goes the last train.最后一班火车开走了。[即学即练]　完成句子①赛跑选手们跑远了。________________________②这里存在着另一个严重的问题。Here ________________________．③下雨了，伞都撑起来了。________________________ and up went the umbrellas.④窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。________________ with a magazine in his hand.⑤然后陈阳和他的朋友们来了。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2)have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事) (教材原句)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。[句式分析]　have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事；允许/容忍某人做某事(通常用于否定，与won't，can't连用)❶He had us laughing all through the meal.他让我们吃饭时一直笑个不停。❷In cold winter we always have the fire burning day and night.在寒冷的冬天，我们总是让炉火日夜燃烧。[归纳拓展]　(1)have sb./sth. do sth.让某人/某物做某事，宾语与宾补之间为主动关系(＝get sb. to do sth.)。❸If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message.如果我外出时碰巧有人来拜访，让他或她留个口信。(2)have sth. done的两层含义(＝get sth. done)：①使某事被……(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能请别人做)；❹We have your medicine prepared now.我们现在已经给你配药了。❺My computer broke down suddenly, and I will have it repaired.我的电脑突然坏了，我要找人修修它。②某人遭遇、经历(不好的事)。❻He had his leg broken while skiing.他滑雪时摔断了腿。[拓展]　have sth. to do (某人)有某事要做(have是实义动词“有”，to do作后置定语)I'm sorry, I can't go to the cinema with you—because I have something important to do this evening.对不起，我不能跟你一起去看电影了——因为我今天傍晚有重要事情要做。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Can I have the parcel ________ (weigh) here?②We'd be delighted to have you ________ (work) with us.③He had me ________ (do) all kinds of jobs for him.完成句子④Mother ____________________ (让我把信寄了) at once.⑤He ________________________ (手烧伤了) in that big fire.⑥She won't ________________________ (让孩子们迟到).3)不定式作后置定语) (教材原句)Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。[句式分析]　该句式中不定式与前面的the first是单纯的修饰关系，并不牵扯未发生的动作。❶Who is the first person in the world to land on the moon？谁是世界上第一个登上月球的人？❷She is the last person to trust with a secret.她是最不可能保密的人。[归纳拓展]　(1)序数词或被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰的名词后接非谓语动词作定语时，非谓语动词通常使用不定式。❸Jane is the first student in our class to come and the last to leave.简是我们班第一个来的学生，也是最后一个离开的学生。❹What's the quickest way to get to the railway station?去火车站最快的方法是什么？(2)next, only, last等词限定名词时，常用不定式作后置定语。❺The next thing to do is to keep the machine on for five minutes.接下来要做的是让机器开五分钟。❻If you are the last student to leave the room, remember to turn off the lights.如果你是最后一个离开房间的学生，记得关灯。(3)ability, chance, excuse, promise, attempt, belief, way, right, plan等抽象名词后接不定式作定语。❼I don't trust his promise to come for a visit.我不相信他来访的诺言。❽He said he had no plans to go abroad.他说他没有出国的计划。[特别提醒]　名词前尽管有序数词修饰，但后面也可以有过去分词短语作定语，表示被动和动作已经发生。He's the first student sent abroad for further education.他是第一个被派往国外深造的学生。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①You can ask that girl standing there for she is the third ________ (reach) the spot.②—The last one ________ (arrive) pays the meal.—Agreed.③The best way ________ (learn) is to learn by experience.④The only thing for you ________ (do) is apologise to her.⑤George, you are no longer a little boy. You should have the ability ________ (tell) right from wrong.⑥The most useful way ________ (prevent) the spread of the disease is to wash hands with soap and water.4)否定转移) (教材原句)It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。[句式分析]　宾语从句的否定词前移到主句上，即形式上是否定主句，但意义上是否定宾语从句。否定转移的条件：主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等；主句主语是第一人称；主句时态是一般现在时。❶I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.我觉得他的发言与我们正在讨论的话题不相关，他没有抓住要领。(be relevant to与……有关；切题)❷I don't suppose he will give up his present job.我认为他不会放弃现在的工作。❸I don't believe he can finish his homework in time.我认为他不会按时完成作业。❹She thinks she can't arrive here on time.她认为她不能按时到这儿。[注意]　(1)如果主句主语不是第一人称则不能用否定转移。(2)反义疑问部分，要跟从句的人称和时态一致，且不再用否定词。I don't think he can swim, can he?[即学即练]　完成句子①对不起，我想我并不认识您。I'm sorry, but I ________ I know you.②I don't believe he will come, ________________ (他会吗)?③I don't think you've met Xiao Wang, ________________ (是吗)?④I don't think you can go there by bus, ________________ (你能吗)?翻译句子⑤我认为他不会通过考试的。________________________________________________________________________Ⅰ.单词拼写1．That made me anxiously mad and determined to ________ (证明) him wrong.2．It proves that things will improve in the not too ________ (遥远的) future.3．He explored alone the whole ________ (大陆) of Africa from east to west.4．My parents taught me that ________ (诚实) is always the best policy.5．We're looking for people of all ages who have performed outstanding acts of ________ (勇敢), honesty or courage.6．He was determined to give his exploration a secure and solid ________ (基础).7．This amazing tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most ________ (令人愉快的) holiday scenes.8．Every ________ (焦虑的) person will have his or her own special suffering.9．She never achieved her ________ (夙愿) of becoming a famous explorer.10．His ________ (探索) of the mystery brings insight into the American.11．Careful ________ (准备) for the exploration is essential.12．Finally, the young ________ (探险者) arrived in what was called the valley of death by the locals.13．The ________ (滑雪板) was disconnected from the boot.14．The ________ (船长) knew there was an engine fault but didn't want to alarm the passengers.15．There was a period of excessive warmth which melted some of the ________ (极地的) ice.Ⅱ.短语填空in preparation for, on the way, put on, break down, carry on, make progress, at one time, anxious for1．____________， walking across the crowded street took all her strength.2．His eldest son Joseph ____________ his father's traditions—rescuing the wildlife in danger.3．The analysis shows that plastics, particularly those that ____________ fast, are contributing to the climate change.4．The band is hoping to ____________ an amazing show before the end of the year.5．The forecasters say more hurricanes are ____________．6．The medical community continues to ____________ in the fight against cancer.7．The army has been training hard ____________ the big battle.8．Parents are naturally ____________ their children and want to give them the best protection.Ⅲ.单句语法填空A 1．________ (distant), to her right, she could make out the new shelter.2．Henry variously stayed ahead ________ the others in the academic subjects.3．She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a job based on her major.4．Mary and Colin were much alarmed and talked together ________ (anxious).5．The captain produced two reports based ________ the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.6．When I'm down or tired, I prefer activities that can cheer me ________， such as skiing and skating.B 1．[全国Ⅲ卷]But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term ________ (rest).2．[天津二卷]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs ________ (take).3．[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]When the ________ (explorer) first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.4．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ________ (ambition) yet simpler time.5．[2021·北京卷]Interestingly, the ________ (cheerful) the music was, the faster their heart rates were.6．[2022·全国甲卷]However, after I went to high school, somehow I became ________ (distance) from him.7．[天津二卷]To help us prepare ________ the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.8．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work ________ (base) on our present mental register.9．[天津二卷]________ (anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.Ⅳ.完成句子1．我认为他决不会同意。________________________ for a minute that he'll agree.2．我不能让你独自一人走回家。I won't ________________________________ all by yourself.3．她是第一个陷入漩涡的人。She was ________________________________________ the whirlpool.4．(有人)发现病人呼吸困难。The patient was perceived to ________________________ breathing.5．我们希望我们两国关系史上这一不愉快的阶段将很快结束。It is our hope that this unhappy chapter ________________________________ relations between our two countries will soon come to an end.6．这是一道简单易做的菜。____________________ that is simple and quick to make.7．这项研究还有助于证明，像真诚等性格是孩子一生成功的关键。This research also helps to ________________ characteristics such as sincerity—are ________________ a child's life success.8．他想家，但却竭力表现得很高兴。He felt homesick, but ____________________________ to appear cheerful.Section D　Lesson 3　Race to the Pole新知感知·自学导引Ⅰ.基础词汇1．ski　2.base　3.captain　4.polar　5.tent　6.continent　7.sledgeⅡ.拓展词汇1．honesty　2.sincerity; sincerely　3.bravery　4.ambitious　5.cheerful　6.distant　7.explorer; exploration8．preparation　9.anxiously; anxiety　10.proof课文研析·语篇理解Ⅱ.课文阅读理解1．A　2.D　3.D　4.BⅢ.课文语法填空1．which/that　2.preparations　3.to leave　4.pulling5．safely　6.with　7.were shocked　8.worst　9.the　10.shown核心探究·讲练互动►第一版块|核心单词1．①preparations　②for　③in　④prepared　⑤in　⑥in preparation for　⑦be prepared for2．①名词，上校　②名词，船长　③名词，队长3．①on　②a　③is based　④at　⑤basically　⑥名词，基地⑦动词，以……为基础　⑧名词，基础4．①to see　②about　③with　④Anxiously　⑤was anxious for　⑥looked anxiously at5．①skis　②skiing　③skier　④go skiing6．①to be　②ambition　③ambitions　④ambitious　⑤full of ambition　⑥has the ambition to win7．①cheerful　②cheerfulness　③a　④for　⑤on/up　⑥up⑦cheered for8．①proof　②to be　③is proved　④himself　⑤to　⑥that　⑦prove everyone wrong　⑧prove to you9．①at　②within　③from/with　④distant　⑤distantly⑥distance　⑦远亲的　⑧疏远的　⑨遥远的　 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) From a distance　⑪kept their distance from10．①To be　②with　③honesty　④honestly　⑤To be honest with you　⑥Be honest in11．①sincerity　②sincerely　③in　④in　⑤sincerity12．①to go　②bravely　③about　④bravery►第二版块|重要短语1．①up　②down　③away　④through　⑤off　⑥出故障　⑦消除　⑧禁不住哭出来　⑨失败　⑩拆分2．①expressing　②with　③in　④with　⑤with　⑥finding3．①in a way　②out of the way　③under way　④is well on the way to　⑤by way of　⑥In no way　⑦By the way►第三版块|疑难句型1．①Away went the runners.　②lies another serious problem③Down came the rain　④By the window sat a young man　⑤Then came Chen Yang and his friends.2．①weighed　②working　③doing　④had me post the letter⑤had his hand burnt　⑥have the children arriving late3．①to reach　②to arrive　③to learn　④to do　⑤to tell　⑥to prevent4．①don't think　②will he　③have you　④can you　⑤I don't think he will pass the exam.课时达标·随堂自测Ⅰ.单词拼写1．prove　2.distant　3.continent　4.honesty　5.bravery6．base　7.cheerful　8.anxious　9.ambition　10.exploration11．preparation　12.explorer　13.ski　14.captain　15.polarⅡ.短语填空1．At one time　2.carried on　3.break down　4.put on5．on the way　6.make progress　7.in preparation for8．anxious forⅢ.单句语法填空A1．Distantly　2.of　3.to finish　4.anxiously　5.on　6.upB1．答案与解析：resting　spend...doing sth.花费……做某事。句意：但是不像她学校里的朋友，16岁的萨拉没有拿半个学期来休息。2．答案与解析：taken　have sth. done使某事被做。3．答案与解析：explorers　探险家不止一人，故用复数形式。句意：当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上充满了各种各样的野生动物，令人吃惊。4．答案与解析：ambitious　用形容词作定语修饰time。句意：(这本书的)语言几乎令人陶醉，一位年老的作家回顾着一个雄心勃勃但却更单纯的时代。5．答案与解析：more cheerful　“the＋比较级．.. the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。句意：有趣的是，音乐越欢快，他们的心率就越快。6．答案与解析：distant　此处became是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。句意：然而，在我上了高中后，不知怎么地，我和他变得疏远了。7．答案与解析：for　prepare for为……做准备。句意：为了帮助我们备考，老师建议通读我们的笔记。8．答案与解析：is based　be based on以……为基础。句意：重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理状态上的。9．答案与解析：Anxiously　副词作状语修饰整个句子。句意：我焦虑地上床睡觉，梦想着我将在这座神奇的山的山顶上发现什么。Ⅳ.完成句子1．I don't suppose　2.have you walking home　3.the first person to trap into　4.have difficulty in　5.in the history of　6.Here's a dish　7.prove that; key to　8.made a brave attempt