2022-2023学年浙江省宁波市余姚市高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

这是一份2022-2023学年浙江省宁波市余姚市高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)，共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Almst anyne can bk a trip，but nt everyne can plan a perfect adventure that's affrdable，accmmdating，and fun fr everyne in yur grup.At Tripslnsider.cm，we have a pwerful tl，Travel Cmparisn，which aims t prvide yu with the best insider secrets in the travel business.Here are sme insider tips that we'd like t share with yu abut Htels.
Check Distances n a Map
It is nt uncmmn fr htels t slightly exaggerate （夸大） the time and distance f getting t the attractins arund twn.If being clse t a particular airprt r landmark is imprtant fr yur trip，check distances n maps befre yu bk a htel.
Skip the Package Deals
T attract new guests，sme htels will ffer themed package deals that sund exciting but may nt be wrth it.Just knw that smetimes these packages include things yu dn't even want r need and that the special rate culd be higher than the regular rate.
Understand Rm Preferences Aren't Guaranteed
Htel bkings include preferences like bed size and the number f beds.But in many htels，travelers shuld knw that these preferences aren't guaranteed.Yu'll usually get what yu asked fr，but nt always.
Mentin Special Occasins
Many f us travel fr birthdays，anniversaries，and special events.Mentin what yu're celebrating t the htel staff a week r mre befre yu arrive and yu might be surprised with a little gift，like a bttle f champagne in yur rm.
Ask fr a Crner Rm
When yu check in at a htel，ask if there's a crner rm available.These are usually larger and quieter fr the same price as the nes in the middle f the hall.Upgrades are mst ften ffered at the end f the day when htels have a better sense f their ccupancy （入住率）.
Whether yu plan t fly，drive，r cruise，becme an expert trip planner by using ur Travel Cmparisn APP fr all yur transprtatin and htel needs.Please visit us again and sign up fr ur newsletters （内部通讯） t keep getting the best deals and travel tips.
1.Yu're advised t mentin special ccasins t the htel staff because ______ .
A. yu may get a discunt f the rms
B. yu may use mre facilities free f charge
C. yu may get a present frm the htel
D. yu may upgrade yur rm withut paying mre
2.Which f the fllwing is true？ ______
A. All f the htels mark their lcatins accurately.
B. Mst f the package deals are well wrth trying.
C. Yur preferences may be cnsidered but nt always satisfied.
D. Yu shuld avid taking the crner rm.
3.The passage is meant t ______ .
A. ask peple t sign up fr the newsletters
B. persuade mre peple t use the Travel Cmparisn APP
C. prvide users with the best insider secrets in the travel business
D. attract users t pay fr the membership
B
Durian（榴莲） is prbably the smelliest fruit in the wrld， letting ut an unusual unpleasant smell which wuld make anyne bring up． Hwever， nbdy was aware f what gave this fruit its unique smell， s a team f researchers frm Singapre decided t take a lk at its genme （基因组） and find ut．
Durian is well-knwn thrughut Sutheast Asia as the king f fruits， mstly because f its awful appearance and smell． Hwever， the rigin f this unpleasant smell was unknwn， s researchers decided t map the genme f the fruit， and find the gene that cntrlled it． A grup f genes， vlatile sulfur cmpunds （含硫化合物）， became very active in the fruit， and they were fund respnsible fr resulting in the unpleasant smell．
The fruit cnfuses everyne with a sulfuric smell， like rtten nins and ingredients． The smell lasts lng， mstly because the fruit cntains mre vlatile sulfur cmpunds． Other species usually benefit frm tw gne cpies at mst， but durian has fur， leading t the striking smell．
Hwever， this smell might be an advantage fr durian in the wild． Althugh we find it unpleasant， many animals might be attracted by it． If they cat the fruit， then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere， thus cntributing t the distributin f the species．
The mapping f the durian genme als shwed sme ther infrmatin n the species． First f all， the fruit has an impressive number f genes， namely 46，000． Als， with the help f these genes， they saw hw it ， and discvered it was related t the caca tree． All the ther discveries have been published in the jurnal Nature Genetics．
Despite the striking smell， many peple actually enjy eating the fruit． Hwever， nt all durian species are edible， and sme f them may even cause damage t ur health， Even s0， the fruit is ften imprted， significantly cntributing t the ecnmy．
4.What give durian its unique smell？ ______
A. Onins nearby.B. Tw gene cpies.
C. Rtten. ingredients in it.D. Vlatile sulfur cmpunds.
5.What des the underlined wrd "evlved" in Paragraph 5 prbably mean？ ______
A. develpedB. EscapedC. PredictedD. tlerated
6.What can we infer frm the text？ ______
A. N birds enjy eating durian.
B. Durian can be planted all ver the wrld.
C. Sme f durian species can nt be eaten.
D. Durian has n relatinship with the caca tree.
7.What's the best title fr the text？ ______
A. What's Durian？
B. The Influence f the Smell
C. The Distributin f Durian
D. The Mystery f the Unpleasant Smell f Durian
C
Bb Shahmardi was 4 years ld when he develped a severe disease. Success rates with the disease were relatively lw at that time, but his family was lucky t live in a cmmunity that was helpful when they didn't have many resurces and it was at that time that Make-A-Wish stepped in. Thrugh that rganizatin, the Shahmardi family gt t enjy a trip t Walt Disney Wrld Resrt in Flrida. The then 4-year-ld hugged a character actr as part f a wish granted t him and his family by the rganizatin. "It wasn't just ging n a trip. It was mre abut hw we gt thrugh that hard time. It was fun fr me, but it was lifeline fr my parents." said Bb.
30 years later, Bb and his wife, Jill Welch, decided t turn their wedding int a fundraiser fr the Make-A-Wish Fundatin. Their wedding guests financed tw wishes fr lcal children, mre being planned. Many dnated generusly t the cause, spending mre, perhaps, than they might have if it was just t buy the cuple a wedding gift like fine china r a kitchen appliance. Bb said their wedding dnatin t the Make-A-Wish Fundatin isn't ging t be "ne and dne". The tw plan n cntinuing t cntribute ging frward.
Glria Crckett, president and chief executive fficer f the rganizatin, said she felt it amazing t have smene wh benefited cme back t pay it frward t ther kids lking fr wishes.
Cntrary t ppular belief, Glria stressed that wishes aren't given t critically ill children as a "last wish", but are given as a part f the treatment prcess. The rganizatin granted at least 165 wishes last year. This year Glria hpes t grant smewhere between 199 and 299 wishes, depending n funding.
8.Which f the fllwing helped Bb realize his wish?
A. The hspital.B. Make-A-Wish.C. The cmmunity.D. Disney Wrld.
9.What made Bb's wedding special?
A. Cllecting mney fr lcal kids.B. Receiving expensive gifts.
C. The attendance f fficials.D. The number f the guests.
10.What des the underlined part "ne and dne" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Once-nly.B. Nn-stp.C. Sizable.D. Persnal.
11.What did Glria think f the wish given t Bb?
A. It was a fun experience.B. It was a lifeline.
C. It was a certain treatment.D. It was a last wish.
D
Lneliness has been linked t depressin（抑郁） and ther health prblems． Nw， a study says it can als spread． A friend f a lnely persn was fifty-tw percent mre likely t develp feelings f lneliness． And a friend f that friend was twenty-five percent mre likely t d the same．
Earlier findings shwed that happiness， besity（肥胖） and the ability t stp smking can als spread like infectins within scial grups． The findings all cme frm a majr health study in the American twn f Framingham， Massachusetts．
The study began in 1948 t investigate the causes f heart disease． Since then， mre tests have been added， including measures f lneliness and depressin．
The new findings invlved mre than five thusand peple in the secnd generatin f the Framingham Heart Study． The researchers examined friendship histries and reprts f lneliness． The results established a pattern that spread as peple reprted fewer clse friends．
Fr example， lneliness can affect relatinships between next-dr neighbrs． The lneliness spreads as neighbrs wh were clse friends nw spend less time tgether． The study als fund that lneliness spreads mre easily amng wmen than men．
The average persn is said t experience feelings f lneliness abut frty-eight days a year． The study fund that having a lnely friend can add abut seventeen days． But every additinal friend can decrease lneliness by tw and a half days．
Lnely peple becme less and less trusting f thers． This makes it mre and mre difficult fr them t make friends-and mre likely that sciety will reject（排斥） them．
Jhn Cacipp at the University f Chicag led the study． He says it is imprtant t recgnize and deal with lneliness． He says peple wh have been pushed t the edges f sciety shuld receive help t repair their scial netwrks．
12.As an average persn， if yu make 2 mre cmmn friends， hw many days a year might yu suffer frm lneliness？ ______
A. 48 daysB. 43 daysC. 65 daysD. 17 days
13.What can we infer frm the passage abut lnely peple？ ______
A. They can vercme lneliness themselves
B. They will decrease lneliness day by day．
C. They need help t get back t nrmal scial life
D. They can help thers t repair their scial netwrks
14.What's the best way t help lnely peple accrding t this passage？ ______
A. Bring them tgether．B. Make friends with them．
C. Help them stp smking．D. Help them lse weight
15.Which f the fllwing wuld be the tpic f the passage？ ______
A. Lneliness and scial netwrkB. Scial Netwrks and friendship
C. Lneliness and diet．D. Help A Lnely Persn
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Can't sleep even thugh yu're tired？（1） ______ .Frtunately，there is a slutin.Five，in fact.The next time yu find yurself lying awake in bed，try ne f the fllwing things t fall asleep faster.
1.Fllw a bedtime rutine.
Each night，cmplete the same set f activities in the 30 t 60 minutes befre bed.The activities shuld be calming，preparing yur mind and bdy t wind dwn and relax.The key is t repeat these same activities in the same rder each night.（2） ______
2.Turn ff yur electrnics.
We mentined turning ff yur electrnics as smething t include in yur bedtime rutine.Nt nly are these devices activating emtinally — frm stressful wrk emails t exciting Facebk updates — but the blue light they emit is interpreted by yur brain as sunlight.As a result，when yu use electrnic devices at night，yur brain thinks it's daytime and therefre a time t stay awake and alert.Dn't cnfuse yur brain.Turn these devices ff and keep them ff，and yu'll sleep easier.
3.（3） ______
Oftentimes what keeps us up at night is wrry and anxiety abut never ending t-d lists，a big meeting the next day，r that fight we had earlier with ur friend.If yur ver-anxius thughts are what's keeping yu up，get them ut f yur head and n t a piece f paper.The physical act f w ting them dwn will make them feel easier t manage and replace yur sleepless anxiety with a calming cnfidence.
4.Get up ut f bed.
If twenty minutes have passed，get ut f bed and g int anther rm.Yu dn't want yur mind t assciate yur bed as a place f sleeplessness.（4） ______ D a calming activity，like reading a bk，listening t sthing music r a pdcast knitting r clring.D nt watch TV，check Facebk，r turn n yur electrnics t distract yurself-these devices will activate yur mind and keep yu up even later.
5.D smething bring.
It's easy t fall asleep when yu're bred，s make sure whatever activity yu're ding is bring.Instead f sheep，try ding math exercises in yur head，r cunting frm 1 t 100 ver and ver Listen t a bring pdcast r audibk with a calming narratr，r read an academic textbk.（5） ______ yu'll wear yurself ut.Just dn't read r listen t anything verly dramatic r with a cliffhanger.
A.Keep a diary regularly.
B.Jurnal abut it.
C.In the ther rm，keep the lights lw.
D.Yu need a quiet and familiar place t help yu fall asleep.
E.The ccasinal but f insmnia （失眠） happens t everyne.
F.By bring yurself，frcing yur brain t wrk harder t understand.
G.Yu are training yur mind t assciate the rutine with falling asleep.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
When Ariel Crdva Rjas was biking t Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge last Nvember，she planned t g bird-watching.Bing!A mile int her walk，she saw a female （1） ______ near the water's edge.Crdva-Rjas had wrked at a wild bird rehabilitatin （康复） center and （2） ______ that swans can be aggressive.But as she apprached this ne，it didn't （3） ______ .She was certain that the bird needed （4） ______ attentin.Crdva Rjas put her jacket ver the bird's head t keep it calm，（5） ______ picked it up and held it in her arms.And then a thught （6） ______ her：What shuld I d nw？
Her best （7） ______ was the rehab center，but that was n the ther side f twn.Hw was she ging t transprt a 17-pund swan n her （8） ______ all that way？Luckily，sme（9） ______ driving by ffered her，her bike and the swan a（n）（10） ______ t the rehab center.
Staff members at the rehab center（11） ______ that the swan might have lead（铅）pisning.They gt the swan back up n her feet.（12） ______ ，the swan had a bacterial infectin.Tw mnths after Crdva-Rjas came t her （13） ______ ，she passed away.
It's a（n）（14） ______ ending，but the stry shws just hw far peple are willing t g t （15） ______ animals.
21.A. bird-watcherB. passer-byC. swanD. duck
22.A. knewB. guessedC. claimedD. admitted
23.A. cntinueB. mveC. leaveD. wait
24.A. medicalB. cnstantC. publicD. nrmal
25.A. quicklyB. bravelyC. prudlyD. carefully
26.A. stppedB. struckC. passedD. reminded
27.A. resultB. supprtC. slutinD. wish
28.A. backB. seatC. feetD. bike
29.A. dctrsB. wrkersC. friendsD. strangers
30.A. accessB. callC. liftD. invitatin
31.A. assumedB. determinedC. deniedD. examined
32.A. SadlyB. GraduallyC. AccidentallyD. Finally
33.A. rescueB. centerC. helpD. way
34.A. unexpectedB. disappintingC. gdD. natural
35.A. raiseB. saveC. respectD. change
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lin Qiazhi，（1） ______ （knw） as the "mther f ten thusand babies"，delivered ver 50，000 babies in her lifetime and made great（2） ______ （cntribute） t the birth f children in China.
When yung，she didn't fllw the traditinal path like mst girls and made up her mind t study medicine （3） ______ her brther's cmplaint fr the high tuitin fees.After graduating frm Peking Unin Medical Cllege （4） ______ the Wenhai Schlarship，the highest prize given t graduates，she became the first wman ever （5） ______ （hire） as resident physician in the OB-GYN department f the PUMC Hspital.After a few years，she went t Eurpe and America fr further educatin.During her stay there，（6） ______ she impressed her clleges and was given an ffer t stay in America，she rejected withut any hesitatin and went t China t serve the wmen and children.As a dctr，nt nly was she appinted the first wman directr f the OB-GYN department f PUMC Hspital，but she als pened （7） ______ private clinic t cure all the peple in need f help.
After the Peple's Republic （8） ______ （fund），Lin Qiazhi became busier and played an （9） ______ （increase） imprtant rle as she held many imprtant psitins.Hwever，she was mre keen n tending patients，（10） ______ （publish） medical research n care fr wmen and children and training new dctrs.She didn't retire until the days he died.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.假如你是李华，你的外国朋友James想找一个人教他中文，请你写信推荐你的朋友王明。内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）推荐理由。
注意：
（1）词数80左右；
（2）请在答题卡的相应位置作答；
（3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear James，
______
Yurs，
Li Hua
38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A few years ag，I was having dinner with sme gd friends t celebrate the upcming Christmas hliday.As we were finishing up that evening，ne f my friends tld us a very stry abut smething that had happened the day befre.Her sn's friend was in his mid-twenties and self-emplyed.He lived n the secnd flr f a huse nearby.Smene wh lived n the first flr had been smking and fell asleep.The huse burnt dwn.All the peple escaped，but the huse was cmpletely destryed with everything in it.
All this yung man had were the clthes n his back and his pickup truck.He had n family in the area and nwhere t g.My friend was putting him up fr a few days until he culd decide what t d next.
Thse f us sitting at the dinner table were hrrified.Everyne started pening their wallets t cntribute mney.My friend put up her hand and said， "He will nt accept mney.We tried t persuade him，but he thinks it is charity and wn't take it.All he wants is a warm cat and sme used clthing if anyne has sme."
We were all mre than happy t fulfill this request and were tld that he wre a size 2 XL.Nne f us knew men wh wre that size，s it was ging t be a bit f a challenge t take care f this quickly.
It was a typically cld New Yrk Christmas，and I culdn't imagine him withut a cat.I shed tears n the drive hme，a cmbinatin f grateful tears fr the many blessings I had in my life and sad tears fr this pr yung man and his trubles.
I went t bed and wke up in the middle f the night with a very clear thught in my mind.I was t find this yung man a cat.
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next mrning，I went t a nearby charity shp.
A few minutes later，the salesgirl came ut f the back rm with a brand-new cat.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、C、B
【解析】1．C．细节题．根据文章内容，Many f us travel fr birthdays，anniversaries，and special events．Mentin what yu're celebrating t the htel staff a week r mre befre yu arrive and yu might be surprised with a little gift，like a bttle f champagne in yur rm．我们很多人都会在特殊的日子里外出旅行，比如说生日，纪念日或者特殊的日子．因此在入住之前告诉工作人员你所庆祝的特殊的日子，那么将会得到一些小礼物．结合选项，故応C．
2．C．推理题．根据文章内容，Htel bkings include preferences like bed size and the number f beds．But in many htels，travelers shuld knw that these preferences aren't guaranteed．Yu'll usually get what yu asked fr，but nt always．由此可知，顾客提出的关于酒店房间的一些要求，酒店方面是会考虑的，但是不总是能得到保障，有时可能会因为一些原因而不会达到自己满意的效果．结合选项，故选C．
3．B．写作目的题．根据文章内容At Tripslnsider．cm，we have a pwerful tl，Travel Cmparisn，which aims t prvide yu with the best insider secrets in the travel business，文章主要介绍了一款可以帮助游客更好的选择酒店，对入住酒店时注意事项进行提醒的手机软件--Travel Cmparisn，拥有它将会更方便你的出行．因此文章向读者介绍它就是希望更多的人能使用它．结合选项，故选B．
文章主要介绍了一款可以帮助游客更好的选择酒店，对入住酒店时注意事项进行提醒的手机软件--Travel Cmparisn，拥有它将会更方便你的出行．
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
4~7.【答案】D、A、C、D
【解析】31．D．细节理解题．根据A grup f genes， vlatile sulfur cmpunds （含硫化合物）， became very active in the fruit， and they were fund respnsible fr resulting in the unpleasant smell．可知，挥发性硫化合物使榴莲散发气味．故选D．
32．A．词义猜测题．根据上下文内容可知，Als， with the help f these genes， they saw hw it ， and discvered it was related t the caca tree．句意为而且，在这些基因的帮助下，他们看到它是如何演变的，并且发现它与可可树有关．故选A．
33．C．推理判断题．根据Hwever， nt all durian species are edible， and sme f them may even cause damage t ur health可知，并不是所有榴莲都可以食用．故选C．
34．D．主旨大意题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了榴莲散发出难闻气味的原因．故选D．
本文是一篇科教类阅读，属于说明文，主要讲述了榴莲散发出难闻气味的原因．
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
8~11.【答案】B、A、A、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了小时候受益于许愿基金会的Bb将爱心传下去的故事。
1. 根据第一段中it was at that time that Make-A-Wish stepped in（正是在那个时候，许愿基金会介入了）和Thrugh that rganizatin... Walt Disney Wrld Resrt in Flrida.（通过这个组织，Shahmardi一家得以享受到佛罗里达州的迪士尼世界度假区之旅。）可知，是许愿基金会帮助Bb实现了愿望。故选B。
2. ​​​​​​​根据第二段中30 years later, Bb and his wife, Jill Welch, decided t turn their wedding int a fundraiser fr the Make-A-Wish Fundatin.（30年后，Bb和他的妻子Jill Welch决定把他们的婚礼变成许愿基金会的募捐活动。）以及Their wedding guests financed tw wishes fr lcal children, mre being planned.（他们的婚礼嘉宾为当地的孩子们实现了两个愿望，更多的愿望正在计划之中。）可知，Bb的婚礼的特别之处在于为当地的孩子筹集善款。故选A。
3. 根据划线词后The tw plan n cntinuing t cntribute ging frward.（两人计划继续做贡献。）以及划线词所在句Bb said their wedding dnatin t the Make-A-Wish Fundatin isn't ging t be "ne and dne".可知，二人计划继续做贡献，这说明他们的婚礼募捐不会“一劳永逸”。由此可知，划线词ne and dne意为“一劳永逸”。故选A。
4. 根据倒数第二段中she felt it amazing t have smene wh benefited cme back t pay it frward t ther kids lking fr wishes.（她感到很惊讶，有人受益了，回来把它传递给其他寻求愿望的孩子。）以及最后一段中Glria stressed that wishes aren't given t critically ill children... but are given as a part f the treatment prcess.（Glria强调，对重症儿童的愿望并不是“最后的愿望”，而是作为治疗过程的一部分。）可知，Glria认为许愿基金会给Bb的愿望在某种程度上起到了治疗作用。故选C。
12~15.【答案】B、C、B、A
【解析】1．B．计算题．由倒数第三段第一句 The study began in 1948 t investigate the causes f heart disease可知一个普通人一年有48天会感到孤独，第三句内容可知增加两位普通朋友可让一个人孤独的时间减少5天，所以答案是B．
2．C．推理判断题．由最后一段最后一句 He says peple wh have been pushed t the edges f sciety shuld receive help t repair their scial netwrks可知，孤独的人需要帮助，且倒数第三段最后一句指出，多交朋友可以减少人们的孤独，故孤独的人更需要友情，因此可推知答案为C项．
3．B．推理判断题．由倒数第三段最后一句 "But every additinal friend can decrease lneliness by tw and a half days．每增加一个朋友可减少孤独两天半"推断多交朋友会减少孤独；倒数第二段最后一句也可推知帮助孤独者最好的方法是与他们交朋友．故选B．
4．A．主旨大意题．第一段 Nw， a study says it can als spread． A friend f a lnely persn was fifty-tw percent mre likely t develp feelings f lneliness． And a friend f that friend was twenty-five percent mre likely t d the same点明了本文的主题：孤独影响朋友、邻里等社会关系，并且文章利用一项调查研究的数据说明孤独和朋友之间的关系：越孤独就越有可能被社会排斥，多交朋友可以减少孤独．故选A．
本文是一篇调查报告．调查研究发现，孤独具有传染性，一个孤独的人他的朋友孤独的可能性有50%；这项研究涉及5000多人，研究了这些人交朋友的历史和他们的关于孤独的情况报告．研究发现孤独影响邻里之间的关系，在女性之间更容易传播；朋友越多，孤独越少；而孤独的人越来越难以信任他人，越来越难交朋友以至于最终被社会抛弃，所以文章最后提倡多和孤独的人交朋友．
概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括（如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词）．文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的．本文是一篇调查研究，通常第一段就点名明了主题．本题第4小题，第一段点明了本文的主题：孤独影响朋友、邻里等社会关系，并且文章利用一项调查研究的数据说明孤独和朋友之间的关系：越孤独就越有可能被社会排斥，多交朋友可以减少孤独．故选A．
16~20.【答案】E、G、B、C、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句Can't sleep even thugh yu're tired（即使你很累也睡不着），可知E选项"每个人都会偶尔失眠"可以承接前句失眠的话题。故选E。
（2）推理判断题。根据小标题Fllw a bedtime rutine（遵循就寝规律）；以及前句Each night，cmplete the same set f activities in the 30 t 60 minutes befre bed（每天晚上，在睡觉前30到60分钟完成同样的活动），可知G选项"你正在训练你的大脑将日常生活与入睡联系起来"可以承接前文，介绍训练睡前的日常活动，故选G。
（3）主题判断题。根据后句Oftentimes what keeps us up at night is wrry and anxiety abut never ending t-d lists，a big meeting the next day，r that fight we had earlier with ur friend（通常，让我们夜不能寐的是对没完没了的待办事项清单、第二天的重要会议或之前与朋友的争吵的担忧和焦虑）；以及If yur ver-anxius thughts are what's keeping yu up，get them ut f yur head and n t a piece f paper（如果你过度焦虑的想法让你睡不着觉，把它们从你的脑海里赶出来，写在一张纸上），可知B选项"写日记"可以作为本段的主题---过度焦虑睡不着时，将这些想法记录下来，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据前句If twenty minutes have passed，get ut f bed and g int anther rm.Yu dn't want yur mind t assciate yur bed as a place f sleeplessness（如果过了20分钟，就下床到另一个房间去。你不想让你的大脑把你的床和失眠的地方联系在一起），可知C选项"在另一个房间里，把灯光调暗"可以承接前句，介绍在另一个房间做的事情，故选C。
（5）推理判断题。根据小标题D smething bring（做一些无聊的事情）；以及前句It's easy t fall asleep when yu're bred，s make sure whatever activity yu're ding is bring（无聊的时候很容易睡着，所以要确保你做的任何活动都是无聊的），可知F选项"通过让自己感到无聊，迫使你的大脑更加努力地去理解所做的事"可以承接前文，介绍失眠时，可以通过做一些无聊的事情使自己入睡，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了帮助失眠的人更快入睡的几个方法。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】C、A、B、A、D、B、C、D、D、C、B、A、A、B、B
【解析】（1）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.bird-watcher鸟类观察者；B.passer-by过路人；C.swan天鹅；D.duck鸭子。句意：走了一英里后，她在水边看到了一只雌天鹅。根据下文"…that swans can be aggressive" 可知，她知道天鹅是有攻击性的，由此可知，她在水边看到了一只雌天鹅。故选C。
（2）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.knew知道；B.guessed猜测；C.claimed声称；D.admitted承认。句意：Crdva-Rjas曾在一家野生鸟类康复中心工作，她知道天鹅可能具有攻击性。根据句中"Crdva-Rjas had wrked at a wild bird rehab （康复）center"可知，她曾在一家野生鸟类康复中心工作，由此可知，她对野生鸟类有一些了解，知道天鹅可能具有攻击性。故选A。
（3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.cntinue持续；B.mve移动；C.leave离开；D.wait等待。句意：但这次当她靠近时，它没有移动。上文swans can be aggressive 提到天鹅可能具有攻击性，再根据句中转折连词"But"可知，本以为天鹅可能具有攻击性，但这次当她靠近时，天鹅却没有移动。故选B。
（4）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.medical医疗的；B.cnstant不断的；C.public公众的；D.nrmal正常的。句意：她确信这只鸟需要医疗护理。根据下文"Crdva-Rjas put her jacket ver the bird's head t keep it calm" 和"the swan might have lead （铅） pisning"可知，她把夹克放在鸟的头上，让它保持冷静，并且下文提到这只天鹅是铅中毒，由此可知，她确信这只鸟需要医疗护理。故选A。
（5）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.quickly迅速地；B.bravely勇敢地；骄傲地；Dcarefully小心地。句意：Crdva-Rjas把夹克套在鸟的头上，让它保持冷静，小心地把它捡起来，抱在怀里。根据下文the swan might have lead （铅）pisning可知，这只天鹅可能是铅中毒，需要医疗护理，健康状况不好，由此可知，她是小心地把它捡起来，怕弄伤它。故选D。
（6）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.stpped停止；B.struck突然想到；C.passed通过；D.reminded提醒。句意：然后她突然想到：我现在该做什么？根据句中"What shuld I d nw ？"可知，"我现在该做什么？"是她突然想到的问题。故选B。
（7）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.result结果；B.supprt支持；C.slutin 解决办法；D.wish愿望。句意：她最好的解决办法是去康复中心，但那是在镇的另一边。根据上文She was certain that the bird needed （4）attentin可知，天鹅的健康状况不好，由此可知，去康复中心是这种情况下最好的解决办法。故选C。
（8）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.back背部；B.seat座位；C.feet脚；D.bike 自行车。句意：她怎么能一路骑着自行车去运送一只17磅重的天鹅呢？根据上文"When Arfel Cndva-Rjas was biking t Janaica Bay Wildlife Refuge last Nvember" 中的"biking"可知，她是骑车前往野生动物保护区的，由此可知，句中指骑着自行车去运送一只17磅重的天鹅。故选D。
（9）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.dctrs医生；B.wrkers工人；C.friends朋友；D.strangers陌生人。句意：幸运的是，一些路过的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去康复中心。根据上文内容和句中"driving by" 可知，她是独自一人去野生动物保护区的，由此可知，是路过的陌生人给予她帮助。故选D。
（10）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.access通道；B.call通话，需求；C.lift搭便车；D.invitatin邀请。句意：幸运的是，一些路过的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去康复中心。根据句中"driving by" 可知，陌生人是开车行驶的，由此可知，陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去了康复中心，" lift" 意为"让……搭便车"。故选C。
（11）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.assumed假设；B.determined查明，确定；C.denied 否定；D.examined检查。句意：康复中心的工作人员确定天鹅可能是铅中毒。根据句中"lead pisning" 可知，句中指康复中心的工作人员经过检查，确定天鹅可能是铅中毒。故选B。
（12）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.Sadly不幸地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Accidentally意外地；D.Finally最后。句意：不幸的是，天鹅受到了细菌感染。根据句中"the swan had a bacterial infectin" 和下文"she passed away" 可知，天鹅受到了细菌感染，死去了，由此可知，这是不幸的。故选A。
（13）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.rescue救援；B.center中心；C.help帮助；D.way方法。句意：在Crdva-Rjas救了她两个月后，她去世了。根据上文Crdva-Rjas put her jacket ver the bird's head t keep it calm 可知，是Crdva-Rjas救了天鹅，由此可知，句中指在Crdva-Rjas救了天鹅两个月后，天鹅去世了，"cme t ne's rescue" 意为"救援某人"。故选A。
（14）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.unexpected出乎意料的；B.disappinting令人失望的；C.gd好的；D.natural自然的。句意：这是一个令人失望的结局，但这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的意愿。根据上文Tw mnths after Crdva-Rjas came t her （13），she passed away. 可知，天鹅受到了细菌感染，死去了，由此可知，这是一个令人失望的结局。故选B。
（15）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.raise举起；B.save拯救；C.respect尊敬；D.change改变。句意：这是一个令人失望的结局，但这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的意愿。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述的是主人公拯救一只哭鹅的故事，由此可知，这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的意愿。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是主人公拯救一只天鹅的故事，虽然最后天鹅仍然死去了，但这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的意愿。
考查完形填空。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合上下文及选项做出正确的选择。
36.【答案】【小题1】knwn
【小题2】cntributins
【小题3】despite
【小题4】with
【小题5】t be hired
【小题6】althugh/thugh
【小题7】a
【小题8】was funded
【小题9】increasingly
【小题10】publishing
【解析】（1）考查过去分词。句意：被称为"万婴之母"的林巧稚一生接生了5万多名婴儿，为中国的儿童出生做出了巨大贡献。动词knw作Lin Qiazhi的后置定语，而且二者之间是被动关系，所以用knw的过去分词形式。故填knwn。
（2）考查可数名词复数。句意：被称为"万婴之母"的林巧稚一生接生了5万多名婴儿，为中国的儿童出生做出了巨大贡献。根据句子结构可知这里用cntribute的名词形式作宾语构成固定搭配make cntributins t，表示"为……做贡献"。故填cntributins。
（3）考查介词。句意：年轻的时候，她没有像大多数女孩一样走传统的道路，她不顾哥哥对高昂学费的抱怨，下定决心要学医。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里用介词despite表示"不管，不顾"。故填despite。
（4）考查介词。句意：从北京协和医学院毕业后，她获得了文海奖学金——毕业生获得的最高荣誉，她成为了北京协和医院妇产科第一位女住院医师。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里用介词with表示伴随状态。故填with。
（5）考查动词不定式的被动。句意：从北京协和医学院毕业后，她获得了文海奖学金——毕业生获得的最高荣誉，她成为了北京协和医院妇产科第一位女住院医师。因为名词wman前有序数the first词修饰，所以后面用hire的动词不定式作后置定语，又因为hire与she构成被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式t be dne。故填t be hired。
（6）考查连词。句意：在留学期间，虽然她给学校留下了深刻的印象，也得到了留在美国的机会，但她毫不犹豫地拒绝了，而是回到中国为妇女和儿童服务。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里用althugh或者thugh引导让步状语从句she impressed her clleges and was given an ffer t stay in America。故填althugh或者thugh。
（7）考查不定冠词。句意：作为一名医生，她不仅被任命为北京协和医院妇产科的第一位女主任，而且还开设了一家私人诊所，为所有需要帮助的人提供治疗。修饰名词private clinic，表示"一个私人诊所"，用不定冠词，又因为private是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用a。故填a。
（8）考查被动语态。句意：新中国成立后，林巧稚的工作越来越繁忙，发挥了越来越重要的作用，因为她担任了许多重要职务。前后时态一致，用一般过去时；又因为主语the Peple's Republic和谓语动词fund构成被动关系，所以谓语动词was funded。故填was funded。
（9）考查副词。句意：新中国成立后，林巧稚的工作越来越繁忙，发挥了越来越重要的作用，因为她担任了许多重要职务。修饰形容词imprtant用increasing的副词形式作状语，表示"越来越"。故填increasingly。
（10）考查动名词。句意：然而，她更热衷于照顾病人，发表关于妇女和儿童护理的医学研究，以及培训新医生。作介词n的宾语，用publish的动名词形式。故填publishing。
这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了被称为"万婴之母"林巧稚的故事。
语法填空的解题方法
1.有提示词填空的解题技巧
①给出的提示词是名词：要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式。
②给出的提示词是动词：要认真分析句子的结构，理解句子的意思。
③给出的提示词是形容词：一般要考虑其副词形式以及比较级和最高级形式，同时还要关注是否要加表示否定或其它意义的前缀、后缀。
2.无提示词填空的解题技巧
按照考纲要求，无提示填空最多填3个单词，一般是填1个单词的，高考中考查的角度主要有：
①代词：这类设空比较少，通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词（通常是指示代词），这就要同学们认真体会句子意思了，在没有头绪时大胆猜想是否是填代词。
②冠词：如果设空处后面是名词，那么可以考虑是否要填冠词，再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指，并填上合适的冠词，当然，在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词，这就要同学们做好积累。
37.【答案】Dear James，
Learning that yu are lking fr smene t teach yu Chinese，I am writing t recmmend my friend Wang Ming.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
Discipline and diligence makes Wang Ming ne f the tp students in the class.Being gd at Chinese and English，he nce wn the first place in ur schl speech cmpetitin.Besides，he is easy-ging and willing t help thers.In shrt，I am cnvinced that he is an ideal candidate fr it.（推荐理由）
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd cnsider my recmmendatin favrably.【高分句型二】

Yurs， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一
Learning that yu are lking fr smene t teach yu Chinese，I am writing t recmmend my friend Wang Ming.
翻译：得知你正在找人教你中文，我写信是想向你推荐我的朋友王明。
分析：运用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd cnsider my recmmendatin favrably.
翻译：如果您能考虑我的推荐，我将不胜感激。
分析：运用了it 作形式宾语。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】The next mrning，I went t a nearby charity shp.I went thrugh every cat and jacket but fund nthing suitable.With a sinking heart I headed tward the exit，scratching my head ver where I culd get a cat in that size.At that precise mment，a salesgirl came up t me and asked gently whether there was smething she culd d fr me.【高分句型一】Feeling a glimmer f hpe，I enquired whether she had anything in 2 XL.Then I tld her the stry abut the pr yung man.Hearing what I said，she went t the back rm withut hesitatin，her eyes gleaming with sympathy.（描写作者去慈善商店寻找尺码为2 XL的外套）
A few minutes later，the salesgirl came ut f the back rm with a brand-new cat.She walked tward me and said this cat was in 2 XL.I was verjyed and asked hw much it was.Hwever，t my surprise，she replied， "Just take it!This is a gift intended fr my husband but nw I think the yung man needs it mre than my husband." I was greatly mved.In the end，I insisted n giving her 20 dllars as a tken f my gratitude.I was a perfect stranger wh had never seen the girl，but was treated with kindness.【高分句型二】Warmth welled up inside me the mment I thught f it.（描写女售货员把自己要送给丈夫的衣服交给作者以及作者的反应）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在几年前在和朋友庆祝圣诞节时，听到了一个年轻人的故事，这位年轻人住在二楼，因为一楼的住户吸烟而导致房子被烧毁，除了身上的衣服之外年轻人一无所有，作者和朋友都想捐钱，但是那位年轻人不接受，他只想要一件暖和的外套，尺码为2 XL，作者打算为他找到一件这样的外套。
高分句型一：At that precise mment，a salesgirl came up t me and asked gently whether there was smething she culd d fr me.
翻译：就在这时，一位女售货员走到我面前，温柔地问我她是否能为我做点什么。
分析：本句运用了whether引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：I was a perfect stranger wh had never seen the girl，but was treated with kindness.
翻译：我是一个完全陌生的人，从来没有见过这个女孩，但却受到了友好的对待。
分析：本句运用了wh引导的定语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。