专题03 阅读理解-5年（2019-2023）中考1年模拟英语真题分项汇编（北京专用）

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A
Shrt Art Curses
21． I’m interested in designing clthes and want t study it at cllege.
Alice
22． I enjy making wall psters f animals and I’d like t read picture bks.
Tny
23． I like making hags and want t visit art museums t get creative ideas.
Harry
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个短期美术课程，并为三个孩子匹配适合他们的课程。
21．根据“I’m interested in designing clthes and want t study it at cllege.”可知爱丽丝对设计衣服感兴趣，想要在大学学习设计衣服，B项“艺术很重要 本课程教你不同的绘画技巧。我们会让你画最新款式的衣服。如果你喜欢服装设计，想在大学里学习它，加入我们吧！”与之匹配。故选B。
22．根据“I enjy making wall psters f animals and I’d like t read picture bks.”可知托尼喜欢制作动物海报和读图画书，A项“野生的艺术 这门课程是关于素描和绘画的。你将使用你的新技能制作一幅动物海报。我们有很多图画书可以给你灵感。”与之匹配。故选A。
23．根据“I like making hags and want t visit art museums t get creative ideas.”可知哈里喜欢制作包，并且想要参观艺术博物馆来寻找创作灵感，C项“创造性的艺术 这门课程是关于制作包来装你的运动服。我们提供很多材料。你还可以参观艺术博物馆，获得一些创意。”与之匹配。故选C。
B
Betty was excited t shw her brther David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back int the car. “What are yu ging t d with thse useless things?” he said. “Yu can’t take them hme.”
“But I want these seashells,” Betty said unhappily. “Each ne is a different shape and size. They are all special.”
Suddenly, David saw the water rising alng the beach. He shuted t Betty, “The waves （海浪）are abut t take yur tys!” As Betty ran t get her things, she called t David, “Please put my seashells int the car!”
David was putting ne f the beach chairs int the car when his ft accidentally kncked ver the basket. As David lifted a heavy bx, he slipped（滑倒）and drpped the bx right n tp f the seashells, breaking mst f them int pieces.
Betty came back with her tys. When she saw her seashells brken, she began t cry. David started t pick up the seashells and place them carefully back int the basket.
Dad tried t explain t Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David als felt sad. He thught abut what he culd d t make it up t his sister. When he gt hme, he had a perfect idea.
The next mrning David waited fr Betty with the basket f seashells and sme strng glue. He als had a framed（装框的）pht f the tw f them. Tgether they lked thrugh the basket and fund several seashells that were nt brken and culd still be used. Then they glued the seashells t the frame.
“I’m really srry, Betty.” David said. “Yesterday I was very careless with smething special t yu.”
Betty lked at her brther and smiled. “Yu’re the best big brther ever!”
24．What did Betty think f the seashells?
A．Clean.B．Useless.C．Expensive.D．Special.
25．Betty began t cry when ________.
A．she slipped and hurt herselfB．she kncked ver the basket
C．she saw the brken seashellsD．she tld her dad abut the accident
26．David glued the seashells t the frame t ________.
A．make it up t his sisterB．develp his painting skill
C．prepare a gift fr his dadD．make the picture beautiful
【答案】24．D 25．C 26．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Betty一家去海边玩，回家的时候 Betty捡了一筐贝壳但是被她的哥哥David不小心弄碎了，Betty很沮丧，第二天 David为了表示自己的歉意，主动提出把几个完好无损的贝壳粘在装有他们两个相片的相框边。Betty原谅了David，认为 David 永远是最棒的哥哥。
24．细节理解题。根据“Each ne is a different shape and size. They are all special.”可知，Betty觉得那些贝壳很特别。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据“When she saw her seashells brken, she began t cry.”可知，当她看到贝壳碎了，她开始哭泣起来。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据“He thught abut what he culd d t make it up t his sister. When he gt hme, he had a perfect idea.”可知David把贝壳粘在相框上是为了补偿她的妹妹。故选A。
C
D yu knw that ver 1/3 f all fd prduced in the wrld ges t waste? Accrding t the United Natins (UN), every year arund the wrld, abut ne billin (十亿) tns f fd is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly ne billin peple wh g hungry. Simply 1/4 f the fd wasted is enugh t keep them ut f hunger. In additin, the wasted fd prduces ver three billin tns f carbn dixide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we d t slve this fd waste prblem?
One effective slutin is balancing fd prductin with demand (需求). In htels and ther similar places, special instruments shuld be used s that cking specialists just prepare and ck fd as it is rdered.
Anther effective slutin is starting prgrams t reduce (减少) fd waste. Stres and buyers can try their best t be creative in fd waste reductin. Fr example, stres can prvide custmers with instructins telling them hw t make full use f fd. Buyers can try nt fixing their eyes nly n fd f the best quality (质量). Smetimes, the fd f nn-tp quality is als gd enugh t eat, r can be bught and then used t make delicius dishes.
One f the hardest slutins t achieve is fr each and every ne t buy and prepare fd with a plan f their wn s that less fd is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use f meal plans in preparing fd can play an imprtant rle in ending fd waste in the family.
Fd recycling is ne f the knwn slutins. Effrts are nw already in prgress. Fd that is nt safe fr humans t eat is recycled int ther prducts such as animal feeds and clthing. Yet, there is still a lng way t g and much fr imprvement in this area.
In a wrd, fd waste has been ne f the biggest prblems in the wrld that have influenced us greatly. Many slutins have been fund and many mre are yet t be wrked ut. If each f us can put in mre effrts, fd waste is sure t be reduced fr the gd f ur future.
27．Accrding t the passage, what is a pssible result f fd waste?
A．The prblem f wrldwide hunger.B．A big increase in fd prductin.
C．The speed-up f climate change.D．A sudden drp in ppulatin.
28．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Fd recycling has been hugely successful.
B．Buyers shuld give up nn-tp quality fd.
C．Stres shuld train peple t make delicius dishes.
D．Meal plans in the family are hard t put int practice.
29．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Benefits f reducing fd waste.B．Slutins t the fd waste prblem.
C．The imprtance f fighting fd waste.D．The attitude t the fd waste prblem.
【答案】27．C 28．D 29．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。
27．细节理解题。根据“In additin, the wasted fd prduces ver three billin tns f carbn dixide (CO2), which speeds up climate change.”可知食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据“One f the hardest slutins t achieve is fr each and every ne t buy and prepare fd with a plan f their wn s that less fd is wasted.”可知家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。
29．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。
D
When cnsidering the kind f experience that makes life better, mst peple first think that happiness depends n experiencing pleasure: gd fd, gd jbs, all the cmfrts that mney can buy. If we culdn’t have these, we might as well sit in frnt f the televisin n a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an imprtant part f the quality f life, but by itself it desn’t bring happiness. When peple think further abut what makes a wrthy life, they tend (倾向于) t mve beynd pleasant memries and begin t remember ther events, ther experiences that verlap (有重叠) pleasurable nes but fall int a grup with a separate name: enjyment. Enjyable events take place when peple have nt nly satisfied a need r met sme earlier expectatin, but als achieved smething unexpected.
Enjyment is characterized by a sense f curisity, f achievement. Playing a tennis game that imprves ne’s ability is enjyable, as is reading a bk that shws things in a new light, as is having a cnversatin that leads us t express ideas we didn’t knw we had. Nne f these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back n them afterwards, we wuld say, “That really was fun” and wish they wuld happen again. After an enjyable event we knw that we have changed, and grwn.
Experiences that give pleasure can als give enjyment, but the tw feelings are quite different. Fr example, everybdy takes pleasure in eating. Hwever, t enjys fd is mre difficult — yu have t pay enugh attentin t a meal, s as t sense and tell its varius tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure withut any psychic energy, while enjyment happens nly as a result f full attentin. A persn can feel pleasure withut any effrt, as lng as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it’s impssible t enjy a tennis game r a bk withut full attentin. It’s fr this reasn that pleasure des nt last lng, nr des it make us grw. Grwth requires full attentin t gals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Withut enjyment, life will g n, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily n luck and the external (外部的) envirnment. T achieve persnal cntrl ver the quality f experience, hwever, we need t learn hw t build enjyment int what happens day in, day ut.
30．Yu will mst prbably experience enjyment when yu ________.
A．buy expensive shesB．rder a delicius meal
C．talk with friends fr new ideasD．sit quietly in frnt f a televisin
31．What d yu knw abut pleasure and enjyment frm the passage?
A．Enjyment grws ut f pleasure.
B．Pleasure and enjyment cme hand in hand.
C．Pleasurable experiences are part f enjyable nes.
D．Sme experiences prvide bth pleasure and enjyment.
32．The wrds “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are clsest in meaning t ________.
A．attentinB．interestC．abilityD．knwledge
33．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．feeling pleasure stps peple frm achieving grwth
B．feeling enjyment cmes with achieving grwth
C．a wrthy life depends n luck and envirnment
D．pleasure is the key t a happy and wrthy life
【答案】30．C 31．D 32．A 33．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。
30．推理判断题。根据“Playing a tennis game that imprves ne’s ability is enjyable, as is reading a bk that shws things in a new light, as is having a cnversatin that leads us t express ideas we didn’t knw we had.”可知打一场能提高一个人能力的网球是令人愉快的，就像读一本从新的角度看待事物的书一样，就像进行一场能让我们表达自己不知道自己拥有的想法的谈话一样。由此推出当你和朋友谈论新想法时，你很可能会体验到乐趣。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据“Experiences that give pleasure can als give enjyment, but the tw feelings are quite different.”可知有些经历既能带来愉悦，又能带来享受。故选D。
32．词义猜测题。根据“As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure withut any psychic energy, while enjyment happens nly as a result f full attentin.”可知正如这个例子所表明的，我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐，而享受只有在全神贯注的情况下才会发生。psychic energy与attentin意思相近。故选A。
33．观点态度题。根据“Enjyment is characterized by a sense f curisity, f achievement.”可知作者会赞成“感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的”这一观点。故选B。
（2022年北京市中考英语真题）
A
WHO IS YOUR ROLE MODEL? WHY?
21．Wh is Emma’s rle mdel?
A．Ms. Li.B．Mrs. White.
C．Nrman Bethune.D．Yuan Lngping.
22．What des Betty want t be in the future?
A．A teacher.B．A scientist.C．A dctr.D． A vlunteer.
23．What d we knw abut Ms. Li?
A．She wrked in a hspital.
B．She slved the fd prblems.
C．She is ld in age but yung at heart.
D．She is very patient with her students.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，分别是四位介绍自己的榜样是谁，以及原因。
21．细节理解题。根据第四栏中“Yuan Lngping is my rle mdel.”可知，袁隆平是艾玛的榜样，故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据第二栏中“and I want t be a teacher like her in the future”可知，贝蒂以后想成为一名老师，故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第一栏中“My rle mdel is my neighbr Ms. Li. She is in her eighties nw but she is still yung at heart.”可知，李奶奶已经八十多岁了，但内心仍很年轻。故选C。
（2022年北京市中考英语真题）
B
I jined a band （乐队）as a drummer in my middle schl. I thught it wuld be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy, but a mnth later, it gt difficult. I was the nly ne wh culdn’t keep pace （节奏）with the ther players.
Our teacher, Angie, singled me ut t keep practicing while everyne else gt t relax. I felt ashamed （羞愧的）as my teammates watched me fail s many times. Finally I gt s tired f practicing that I didn’t care abut ding it right.
“Are yu giving up n me. Steve?” Angie asked.
“Yes, I am,” I shuted. Angie sent me inside the music rm where I cried ut. Then she came in and said. “Dn’t be sad. I believe yu can make it!” She tld me never t give up. She left me alne and I realized Angie was right—by giving up, I was als giving up n the team and myself.
With her cmfrt, I decided t g n practicing. Hwever, I still culdn’t play well. Knwing my difficulties, my teammates gave me a hand. They spent abut three mre hurs practicing with me every week. Thanks t their supprt and help, I began t keep pace with them. Later, we perfrmed wnderfully in an imprtant shw.
In the whle prcess, I was taught that althugh we each had ur wn jb t d in a shw, it wuld take all f us wrking tgether t make the shw great. I felt accepted and made great prgress. I lve everyne in the band. I can’t imagine what my schl life wuld be like withut them.
24．One mnth after he jined the band, Steve felt playing the drum was _________.
A．funnyB．helpfulC．nisyD．difficult
25．With Angie’s cmfrt, Steve decided t _________.
A．have a gd restB．g n practicing
C．give thers a handD．start anther band
26．Frm his experience, Steve learned abut ________.
A．the value f teamwrkB．the effect f shws
C．the imprtance f hbbiesD．the pwer f music
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲作者在学习敲鼓的过程中遇到困难，差点放弃，在老师和团队成员的鼓励下他坚持下来了。
24．细节理解题。根据“but a mnth later, it gt difficult.”可知一个月后Steve觉得敲鼓是困难的。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据“With her cmfrt, I decided t g n practicing.”可知在老师的鼓励下，他决定继续练习。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据“I was taught that althugh we each had ur wn jb t d in a shw, it wuld take all f us wrking tgether t make the shw great.”可知Steve学会了团队合作的价值。故选A。
（2022年北京市中考英语真题）
C
What des it mean t be green? Green is mre than just a clr. It als means taking special steps t prtect the envirnment. Buying a green prduct is a small step everyne can take. Deciding whether a prduct is green, hwever, isn’t always easy. We need t cnsider the whle life cycle f the prduct even after it’s f n use. Here is what we may keep in mind.
The materials f a prduct are usually ur first fcus (关注). What is it made f? Are there any harmful chemicals in it? Green prducts are made f mre natural materials which are free frm harmful chemicals, s they can be gd fr ur physical health.
Packaging is imprtant. Hw is a prduct packaged? Is it ver packaged? We’d better chse glass, metal and paper packaging, as these can be reused r mre easily recycled (回收利用). We can als lk fr less packaging r even chse unbagged prducts whenever pssible.
Lcatin (地点) matters. Where was a prduct prduced? Where are we buying it? Think abut hw much energy was used t get it t us try t chse lcal prducts. When it cmes t fd, it is a gd idea t rder directly frm lcal farmer, shp at markets and buy fruits in seasn. Buying frm stres near ur huses is als a gd chice, because we can g there withut driving a car.
Lk int what the cmpany tells us abut their prduct. It’s easy t say that a prduct is “green” r “all natural” but the wrds may be t gd t be true. S, much f the infrmatin abut a prduct shuld be taken with a grain f salt. After all, cmpanies try t make us believe that their prducts are envirnmentally respnsible.
The greenest thing is certainly the ne we dn’t buy. Things like fd and clthing are necessary fr life. But many thers are nt. Better than buying is chsing t leave an unnecessary prduct in the stre and ding withut. It sends a message t the prducer, keeps mney in ur pckets, reduces (减少) waste and keeps the planet healthy.
27．The writer wuld suggest chsing a prduct that is ________.
A．ver packagedB．delivered frm abrad
C．lcally prducedD．made f unnatural materials
28．The wrds “be taken with a grain f in salt” Paragraph 5 prbably mean “________”.
A．be easily understdB．nt be cmpletely believed
C．be widely spreadD．nt be quickly frgtten
29．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Buying GreenB．Recycling Waste
C．Keeping HealthyD．Reducing Energy Use
【答案】27．C28．B29．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过解释“Green”这个词，呼吁大家保护环境。
27．推理判断题。根据“Think abut hw much energy was used t get it t us try t chse lcal prducts. When it cmes t fd, it is a gd idea t rder directly frm lcal farmer, ...”可知，作者建议选择当地生产的产品，故选C。
28．词句猜测题。分析“S, much f the infrmatin abut a prduct shuld be taken with a grain f salt. After all, cmpanies try t make us believe that their prducts are envirnmentally respnsible.”可知，公司试图让我们相信他们的产品对环境负责，但是我们应该秉持一个怀疑的态度，此处“be taken with a grain f salt”的意思是“不被完全相信”，故选B。
29．最佳标题题，本文作者通过解释“Green”这个词，呼吁大家保护环境。选项A“Buying Green”符合主题，故选A。
（2022年北京市中考英语真题）
D
A Pathway (路径) t Meaning in Life
When it cmes t a meaningful life, we might think f lve, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what mst f us want fr urselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life?
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life cmes dwn t three factrs (因素): having lng-term gals, believing that ne’s life matters, and feeling that ne’s life fits tgether and “makes sense”.
But we believe there is mre t cnsider. Smetimes life enables us t experience small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these mments may imprve hw they see their wn life. We call this experiential appreciatin (EA). EA is abut the persn feeling cnnected t events and being able t appreciate the value within the cnnectin. It shws the discvery f and admiratin fr life’s beauty.
We recently set ut t better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was als tied t general judgment f meaning in life. If s, it culd be a factr fr meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had peple rate (评估) their supprt fr different methds f reducing stress. We fund that peple wh managed stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty als reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked peple t rate the degree t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty f life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as ther statements that related t the three factrs and a general sense f meaning in life. Our results shwed that the mre peple reprted that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the mre they felt their life was valuable.
In the fllwing studies, we further lked at the cnnectin between EA and meaningfulness. Fr example, we fund that peple wh were asked t lk back n the mst meaningful event f the past week generally reprted high EA in thse mments.
All the results prved ur thery (假设) true. But putting it int practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with gals. We try t get the highest utput bth at wrk and in spare time. This fcus n future utcmes makes it all t easy t miss what is happening right nw. We shuld slw dwn and let life surprise us.
30．Yu were mst prbably in the EA cnditin when _________.
A．yu made a travel plan fr the cming hliday
B．yu hurried t serve the custmers in the stre
C．yu practiced hard t becme the best vilinist
D．yu stpped t admire the rses by the radside
31．What can we learn frm the studies mentined in the passage?
A．Thinking back t the past weakens ur sense f meaning.
B．Enjying small things can influence ur attitude tward life.
C．Prper stress management is the key t living a satisfying life.
D．Gd judgment n beauty imprves cnnectins amng peple.
32．What des the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．It is easier fr results-driven peple t achieve success.
B．We ften turn a blind eye t the present mment.
C．A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach ur gals.
D．Future life will bring us many mre surprises.
33．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T explain hw t discver beauty in life.
B．T discuss what the true meaning f life is.
C．T intrduce a new factr fr a meaningful life.
D．T cmpare different factrs fr meaningfulness.
【答案】30．D 31．B 32．D 33．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论是什么让生活变得有意义。
30．推理判断题。根据“When peple are pen t appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these mments may imprve hw they see their wn life. We call this experiential appreciatin (EA).”可知，当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法，我们称之为体验欣赏。选项D“你停下来欣赏路边的玫瑰”符合，故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据“Smetimes life enables us t experience small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these mments may imprve hw they see their wn life.”可知，生活让我们体验到美丽的小瞬间，当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法。故选B。
32．段落大意题。根据“We shuld slw dwn and let life surprise us.”可知，我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜。所以最后一段告诉我们未来的生活将给我们带来更多的惊喜，故选D。
33．主旨大意题。本文主要讨论是什么让生活变得有意义，故选B。
2021年北京中考真题
三、阅读单选
A
Yung Heres fr the Planet
Nwadays, peple arund the wrld are wrking t help ur planet. Check ut hw the fur yung adults made a difference.
21．Wh started a grup t teach kids abut pandas?
A．Jack.B．Kathy.C．Linda.D．Patrick.
22．Hw ld was Linda when she invented SuperE?
A．11.B．12.C．13.D．14.
23．What was the gal f Patrick’s prject?
A．T fight plastic pllutin.B．T prtect pandas in danger
C．T learn abut native plants.D．T use heat t make electricity.
【答案】
21．A 22．B 23．A
【分析】现在世界上的人们都在努力保护我们的星球，本文介绍了四位正在改变世界的人。
21．细节理解题。根据“When Jack was 11, he started a grup t teach kids abut pandas.”可知，Jack创办了一个组织去教孩子们关于熊猫的知识。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“At the age f 12, Linda invented a machine called SuperE.”可知，Linda发明SuperE的时候12岁。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据“The gal f the prject was t fight plastic pllutin.”可知，Patrick项目目标是对抗塑料垃圾。故选A。
B
When I was in the eighth grade, my class was assigned(指派) t be friends with the secnd-grade kids. I gt this little girl named Shelley. The first time I saw her, she was silent and cld. She was small fr her age, and she didn’t play with the ther kids in her class.
I tried all kinds f things t get her t talk t me. I bught her tys, crayns and candies. But try as I might, nthing wrked. One time, I gave her a clring bk and said, “Shelley, nw yu can clr at any time.”
Shelley lked at the clring bk and then lked up at me, and finally lked away. By that, I didn’t knw hw I was ging t get thrugh t the little girl, but I knew I wuldn’t give up n her.
One Friday, I decided t tell her a stry abut my childhd. I tld her that I felt lnely when I was with my classmates, and hw I thught nly my teachers liked me. I als tld her that every day was a battle(战役) fr me and I fught back tears s peple wuldn’t knw hw much I was hurting.
She sat there just listening, trying t decide whether I was lying r nt. Finally, when my stry ended, there were tears in her eyes. And then she did the unthinkable. She said, “Thank yu.” Frm then n, Shelley was a different little girl. She started smiling and talking with ther kids.
Lking back at this, I’m in awe(惊叹), because all I did was t help her realize that she wasn’t alne. I didn’t ask her t tell her stry, because her stry is my stry.
24．What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her?
A．Cld.B．Lazy.C．Nisy.D．Slw.
25．In rder t get thrugh t Shelley, the writer ________.
A．wrte her a bkB．made her a tyC．drew her a pictureD．tld her a stry
26．Shelley changed a lt because she realized that ________.
A．her teachers lved herB．her classmates were kind
C．the writer understd herD．she had t study even harder
【答案】
24．A 25．D 26．C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者帮助一个不爱讲话的女孩Shelley变得更加开朗的故事，作者惊叹于Shelley的改变，因为作者认为自己所做的就是让Shelley知道自己并不孤单。
24．细节理解题。根据“The first time I saw her, she was silent and cld.”可知，作者第一次见到Shelley时，她沉默而冷漠。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据“By that, I didn’t knw hw I was ging t get thrugh t the little girl, but I knew I wuldn’t give up n her.”和“One Friday, I decided t tell her a stry abut my childhd.”可知，为了接近Shelley，作者给她讲了一个故事。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据“Finally, when my stry ended, there were tears in her eyes.”，“Frm then n, Shelley was a different little girl. She started smiling and talking with ther kids.”和“I didn’t ask her t tell her stry, because her stry is my stry.”可知，Shelley改变了很多是因为她意识到作者理解她。故选C。
C
Schl Gardens Culd Help Children Try Mre Vegetables
It’s nt always enjyable fr children t eat vegetables. But what if a garden is built in the schl? New research suggests that a gardening prgram in schls can increase children’s vegetable intake(摄入量) .
Hw the Study Was Carried Out
The study was carried ut in eight schls. Each schl was in the gardening prgram fr ne schl year. Every child in grades 3-5 received a ttal f eighteen 60-minute lessns acrss the schl year. In the prgram, each schl built a garden, where children learned t grw their wn fresh prduce, like fruit and vegetables.
The Benefits Children Culd Get
The study fund that vegetable intake if the children wh grew their wn prduce increased greatly acrss the year. Related studies shw that increased vegetable intake can imprve health and cut the risk f chrnic diseases(慢性疾病). Nt nly are there benefits t health, increasing the variety f vegetables children are expsed(接触)t may als make mealtimes much easier.” Children wh are ften expsed t a variety f vegetables are mre likely t try new fds,” explains Dr. Kerry Jnes. Fr children, grwing their wn fd is a pwerful tl t increase their intake f the fd.
28
Any pprtunity t expse children t mre vegetables is meaningful. “If children are learning abut vegetables at schl, it’s imprtant t encurage this interest,” says Jnes. Parents can listen t their children abut what they have learned and read the handuts they bring hme frm schl. Parents and children can als read bks tgether. Yunger children can enjy reading stries abut vegetables with parents wh ffer useful messages. Older children may enjy searching thrugh ckbks with parents t find new dinner ideas t ck vegetables in a tasty way. Besides, a small planter bx in a sunny part at hme can encurage children t understand mre abut where their fd cmes frm.
Teaching children t grw their wn prduce is a great way t increase their preference fr the prduce. If children are taught t enjy vegetables early in life, they will prbably cntinue eating vegetables in the lng term.
27．What did children d in the gardening prgram?
A．They did research n new plants.B．They grew fresh prduce at schl.
C．They tk hme green vegetablesD．They built gardens fr their classes.
28．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best heading fr Paragaph4?
A．Ideas t Encurage Children t Ck at Hme
B．Ways t Expse Children t Vegetables at Hme
C．Reasns Why Parents Shuld Understand Children
D．Suggestins Which Children Culd Get frm Parents
29．What can we learn frm the prgram?
A．Parents’ supprt might imprve children’s reading.
B．Schl prgrams culd develp students’ creativity.
C．Ding studies can prepare students fr future learning.
D．Hands-n experience may influence children’s preference.
【答案】
27．B 28．B 29．D
【分析】本文介绍了在学校花园里让学生自己种植蔬菜的好处。
27．细节理解题。根据“In the prgram, each schl built a garden, where children learned t grw their wn fresh prduce, like fruit and vegetables”可知，在该项目中，每一所学校都建了一个花园，孩子们在那里学会种植自己的新鲜农产品，故选B。
28．句意猜测题。根据“Any pprtunity t expse children t mre vegetables is meaningful”及整段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了从不同方面鼓励孩子们多吃蔬菜的方法，故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据“Teaching children t grw their wn prduce is a great way t increase their preference fr the prduce”可知，教孩子们自己种植农产品是增加他们对农产品偏好的一个很好的方法，所以实践经验可能会影响孩子的偏好，故选D。
D
Nature and culture are ften seen as ppsite ideas. What belngs t nature cannt be the result f human activities and n the ther hand, cultural develpment is achieved against nature. Hwever, this is nt the nly pinin n the relatinship between nature and culture. Studies in the develpment f humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effrt against nature r a natural effrt, is part f the develpment f the human species(物种).
Several mdern writers saw the prcess f educatin as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are brn with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disrganized way r acting selfishly. Educatin uses culture as a way t get us ut f ur widest natures; it is thanks t culture that the human species culd learn t adapt(适应) , prgress and raise itself abve and beynd ther species.
Over the past century and a half, hwever, studies in the histry f human develpment have shwn that the frmatin f culture is part f the bilgical adaptatin. Cnsider, fr example, hunting(打猎) . It seems t be an adaptatin, which allwed humans t mve int new and different areas, pening up the pprtunity t change living habits. At the same time, the develpment f weapns(武器) is related t that adaptatin-frm rcks and stnes t a set f hunting tls, and frm hunting tls t rules relating t the prper use f weapns. Hunting als seems t be respnsible fr a whle set f bdily abilities, such as balancing n ne ft. Just think f hw this very simple thing is clsely related t dance, a key expressin f human culture. It is then clear that bilgical develpment and cultural develpment are clsely tied.
The transmissin f culture seems t be directly related t what’s in ur bld. Just as snails carry their shells, s d we bring alng ur culture. Hwever, culture is als passed n amng peple f the same time r amng peple belnging t different ppulatins. We can learn hw t make jiazi even if we were brn frm Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn hw t speak English even if nne f ur family r friends speak that language.
30．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Culture belngs t human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans hw t adapt.
C．Humans are suppsed t be well rganized.
D．Educatin pushes the human species t prgress.
31．Why des the writer talk abut hunting in Paragraph 3?
A．T suggest sme pssible ways f changing living habits.
B．T stress the imprtance f tls in humans’ struggle fr life.
C．T shw hw culture develps as humans adapt t the envirnment.
D．T explain why there is a need t call fr the prper use f weapns.
32．The wrd “transmissin” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “________”.
A．systemB．spreadC．startD．spirit
33．What is the writer’s pinin n the nature-culture relatinship?
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much n nature t prgress.
C．Nature and culture are different but cnnected.
D．Nature fllws the unwritten rules set by culture.
【答案】
30．D 31．C 32．B 33．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
30．段落大意题。根据“Several mdern writers saw the prcess f educatin as a struggle(斗争) against human nature.”和“Educatin uses culture as a way t get us ut f ur widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据“Cnsider, fr example, hunting(打猎) . It seems t be an adaptatin, which allwed humans t mve int new and different areas, pening up the pprtunity t change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
32．词义猜测题。分析“The transmissin f culture seems t be directly related t what’s in ur bld. Just as snails carry their shells, s d we bring alng ur culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmissin的意思是“传播”，故选B。
33．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the develpment f humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effrt against nature r a natural effrt, is part f the develpment f the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。
2020年北京中考真题
A
21. Wh created Teens Helping Senirs?
A. Kathy.B. Linda.C. Jrdan.D. Matt.
22. Hw many lcal senirs are there in the weekly technlgy classes?
A. 50.B. 100.C. 200.D. 350.
23. T help the elderly in the nursing hme, Kathy and her schlmates_________.
A. taught them hw t use cmputers B. recrded jkes and pem fr them
C. wrte them letters t cheer them up
D. delivered fd r ther supplies fr them
【答案】
21. D 22. A 23. C
【解析】21. 细节理解题。根据“Matt …….I created Teens Helping Senirs with my friends.”可知，马特创建了青少年帮助老年人的组织，故选D。
22. 细节理解题。根据“Nw there are 50 lcal senirs in the weekly technlgy classes.”可知，现在有50名当地的老年人参加每周的科技课程。故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据“I heard that the senirs in the nursing hme culdn’t see their families and friends very ften, s my friends and I decided t cheer up the elderly by writing them letters.”可知，为了帮助疗养院里的老人，凯西和她的同学们给他们写信使他们高兴起来。故选C。
B
A Day at the Nature Center
Emma stared(凝视) sadly ut f the windw f the bus. Only 50 miles utside twn was the farm. She thught abut the farm all the time, especially the animals.
When her family sld the farm and mved t nearby twn, Emma was excited. But when she gt t the new schl, she felt very lnely.
With a sigh(叹气), Emma turned her attentin back t the present. The bus came t a stp. “Welcme t the Leinweber Nature Center,” her teacher said. “A guide will give us a presentatin abut animals, and then yu’ll help t feed the baby squirrels, nw, I want everyne t find a partner. ”
Emma didn’t have any friends yet—wh wuld be her partner? Emma gt clse t Julia, a talkative and utging girl. “Culd I be yur partner?” Emma asked uncertainly.
“Sure,” said Julia warmly.
Tgether, the girls walked int the center. After the presentatin, a keeper shwed them hw t hld the bttle f milk fr baby squirrels. Then the girls started t feed their wn baby squirrels.
After the babies finished eating, the keeper asked, “Wuld yu like t help feed the adult squirrels, t?”
Emma was quick t vlunteer, but when the keeper pened the first cage, the squirrel inside jumped ut. Emma remained calm(镇静的), held ut her hand, made quiet sunds, and then quickly gt it.
“Ww!” Julia said. “Yu’re always s quiet, I thught yu were afraid f everything, but yu were brave.”
“I knw that when animals are frightened r excited, yu have t stay calm.”
The keeper ndded in agreement and asked Emma, “Wuld yu be interested in vlunteering t help ut with the animals at the center?”
“Interested? I wuld lve t wrk here! What an pprtunity!” Emma was excited.
That afternn, in the bus n the way back t schl, Emma sat next t Julia, her new friend. A rush f newfund happiness washed ver her.
24. Hw did Emma feel when she gt t the new schl?
A. Lnely.B. Lucky.C. Surprised.D. Angry.
25. At the nature center, Emma and Julia_______.
A. tk a chance t be tur guidesB. helped t feed the baby squirrels
C. asked the keeper many questinsD. made a presentatin abut nature
26. On the way back t schl, Emma felt happy because_______.
A. the vlunteers warmly welcmed her
B. the teacher praised her fr her bravery
C. she fund a place t care fr animals and made a friend
D. she went back t the farm and learned a lt abut animals
【答案】
24. A 25. B 26. C
【解析】
24. 细节理解题。根据But when she gt t the new schl, she felt very lnely.但是当她到达新学校时，她感到非常孤独。可知，当艾玛到达新学校时，她感觉很孤独，故答案选A。
25. 细节理解题。根据“Culd I be yur partner?” Emma asked uncertainly. “Sure,” said Julia warmly.以及Tgether, the girls walked int the center…….Then the girls started t feed their wn baby squirrels. 女孩们一起走进了中心。……然后，女孩们开始喂自己的小松鼠。可知，在自然中心，艾玛和茱莉亚一起帮忙喂小松鼠，故答案选B。
26. 推理判断题。根据“Interested? I wuld lve t wrk here! What an pprtunity!” Emma was excited.以及That afternn, in the bus n the way back t schl, Emma sat next t Julia, her new friend. A rush f newfund happiness washed ver her. 可知，在回学校的路上，艾玛感到很高兴，是因为她可以去自然中心去帮忙照顾动物，而且还结交了一个新朋友，故答案选C。
C
There are millins f recipes(菜谱) hidden in the bxes and hearts f grandmther and parents. These family recipes are a special part f ur family histry. Sme f them have been passed dwn frm generatin(一代人) t generatin.
“I realized I culdn’t g hme every weekend fr my mm’s delicius dishes,” says Shreya, wh is abut t enter university. Shreya has recently started fllwing her mther arund the kitchen, taking ntes n hw t make her “masala chai” and tasty kachris.
"Thse special tastes can immediately unlck a whle fld f emtins, memries and feelings f family, lve, and cmfrt," says she.
She adds, "I am lking t the day when my kids will cme t knw f their grandmthers thrugh the dishes they cked."
But many f us find it difficult t keep the fd cnnectin with ur busy life. Even if we have time, nt many f us take the effrt t cllect and recrd the recipes frm ur grandmthers and parents. We ften get a recipe n the phne and take it dwn quickly n a piece f paper. We just stick it nt the fridge fr a week r tw and frget abut it as sn as the paper disappears frm there.
Actually, there are simple ways t keep family recipes, Scrapbks（剪贴薄）are easily fund in the market. Yu can even add phts t recrd every detail f yur memries abut the recipe. With the help f sme ppular apps like Stry Scans, recrding family recipes has never been easier. What is needed is t scan（扫描） the recipes and recrd the stry behind each f them. It can becme the mst meaningful wrk yu have ever dne with and fr yur family.
Keeping family recipes is saving and hnring ur traditin s that future generatins can cntinue t make family ties strnger. Every time yu remember yur lved nes, recreate ne f the dishes frm yur cllectin and let the memries frm the gd ld days cmfrt yu. S why nt gift yur kids a family recipe bk when they are starting a new life?
27. Why des Shreya fllw her mther arund the kitchen?
A. T clean up the kitchen.B. T nte dwn recipes.
C. T prepare family dinners.D. T talk abut family rules.
28. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Ways t recrd recipes can be easy.
B. Mst peple like writing recipe bks.
C. Recipes have becme ppular with kids.
D. Peple ften buy recipe bks in the market.
29. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Family Recipes: Secrets f Cking
B. Family Recipes Are at a Crssrads
C. Family Recipes: Cnnectins t Interests
D. Family Recipes Are Mre than Just Recipes
【答案】
27. B 28. A 29. D
【解析】
27. 细节理解题。根据“Shreya has recently started fllwing her mther arund the kitchen, taking ntes n hw t make her “masala chai” and tasty kachris.”可知，莎莉娅跟着妈妈在厨房转是为了记下菜谱，故选B。
28. 推理判断题。根据“Actually, there are simple ways t keep family recipes, Scrapbks（剪贴薄）are easily fund in the market. Yu can even add phts t recrd every detail f yur memries abut the recipe. With the help f sme ppular apps like Stry Scans, recrding family recipes has never been easier.”可知，记录菜谱的方法很简单。故选A。
29. 标题归纳题。根据“Keeping family recipes is saving and hnring ur traditin s that future generatins can cntinue t make family ties strnger.”可知，保留家庭菜谱就是保存和尊重我们的传统，这样子孙后代就可以继续加强家庭纽带。因此本文主要介绍了家庭菜谱不仅仅是菜谱，还有更深的意义。故选D。
D
Tday we can d everything with apps: pay bills, rder fd and shp fr anything. Mbile technlgy means we can hld the wrld in ur hands. Hwever, when it cmes t technlgy and health care, pprtunities and challenges cme tgether.
Let’s start with the ways t get health care. Telemedicine can allw a patient t use technlgy t see the dctr nline and get a diagnsis (诊断) and instructins withut leaving hme.
In additin, there are many patient websites. These allw fr different kinds f interactins abut ur health needs withut invlving the medical team. Setting a date with dctrs and reading lab results are readily achieved by technlgy.
A whle new age f medical care seems likely (可能的) t cme in the future. But every cin has tw sides. What might be n the ther side f techn-health care?
Firstly, we shuld think abut the health care experience as a whle. A usual visit t a dctr begins with a receptinist (接待员) , wh can see and tell hw a patient is ding, This may influence the treatment effect. It’s unlikely that a patient website will have such intuitin.
Next, sharing the details f ne’s life requires trust, which takes time t build. This is certainly true in health care, where sme f life’s best and wrst mments invlve dctrs. The human tuch shuld nt be undervalued and is unlikely t be there ver the smartphne.
Lastly, test results can be difficult t understand. When smene withut a medical degree sees a flagged result with n explanatin n the website, there’s rm fr all kinds f stries t frm in their minds—and als great wrry.
S hw des medicine adapt (适应) t the new technlgy age? Very talented cmpanies are wrking n it .There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at hme t send necessary signs and heart sunds thrugh telemedicine . It seems likely that sme cmpanies will find a way t explain test results.
But what it will nt achieve is the warmth f human interactin and tuch. Patients ften need smene t listen t —and care abut—their jurney stry, which will never be realized thrugh a human-less technlgy. Technlgy shuld be a tl, but depending n it ttally will mst certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s nt allw ur humanity t be ne f them.
30. Accrding t the passage, hw des technlgy help health care?
A. It encurages dctrs t vice their needs n the websites
B. It ffers the patient a cnvenient way t get a diagnsis
C. It imprves relatins between dctrs and patients.
D. It prvides an pprtunity t build a medical team
31. The wrd “intuitin” in Paragraph 5 prbably means______.
A. an ability t understandB. an interesting experience
C. a chance t winD. a fair decisin
32. What d yu knw abut techn-health care frm the passage?
A. Patient websites require trust frm dctrs.
B. Talented cmpanies can give medical advice.
C. Flagged results may cause wrry fr patients.
D. Medical equipment cllects patients’ stries.
33. The writer prbably agrees that_____.
A. technlgy can deal with unexpected effects.
B. telemedicine can take the place f usual health care.
C. it is difficult fr patients t adapt t the new technlgy age.
D. techn-health care shuld take humanity int cnsideratin.
【答案】
30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D
【解析】
30. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Telemedicine can allw a patient t use technlgy t see the dctr nline and get a diagnsis (诊断) and instructins withut leaving hme. 远程医疗可以让病人不用离开家就可以使用技术在线看医生并得到诊断和指导。”，可知它为病人提供了一种方便的诊断方法，故选B。
31. 词义猜测题。an ability t understand理解的能力；an interesting experience有趣的经历；a chance t win获胜的机会；a fair decisin公平的决定。根据猜题所在句子中的such可知intuitin指代的是上文中的“A usual visit t a dctr begins with a receptinist (接待员) , wh can see and tell hw a patient is ding, This may influence the treatment effect. 通常去看医生的时候会有一个前台接待员，他可以看到并告诉病人情况，这可能会影响治疗效果。”，可知猜题句是指“病人的网站不太可能有这样的理解能力”,所以intuitin应指“理解的能力”，故选A。
32. 推理判断题。根据第六段中“Next, sharing the details f ne’s life requires trust, which takes time t build. ”，可知分享生活细节需要信任，所以选项A是错误的；根据第八段中“Very talented cmpanies are wrking n it”，可知有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题，所以选项B是错误的；根据第七段中“When smene withut a medical degree sees a flagged result with n explanatin n the website, there’s rm fr all kinds f stries t frm in their minds—and als great wrry. 当一个没有医学学位的人在网站上看到一个没有任何解释的标记结果时，就会有各种各样的故事在他们脑海中形成，同时也会产生巨大的担忧。”，可知标记的结果可能会引起患者的担忧，所以选项C是正确的；根据第八段中“There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at hme t send necessary signs and heart sunds thrugh telemedicine .”，可知有医疗设备可以在家里通过远程医疗发送必要的信号和心脏声音，所以选项D是错的。故选C。
33. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Technlgy shuld be a tl, but depending n it ttally will mst certainly have unexpected effects.”，可知技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果，所以选项A是错误的；选项B意为“远程医疗可以取代通常的医疗保健。”，文章中没有提及，所以排除；根据第八段中“S hw des medicine adapt (适应) t the new technlgy age? Very talented cmpanies are wrking n it那么医学如何适应新技术时代呢? 有能力的公司正致力于解决这个问题。”，可知选项C是错误的；根据最后一段“Technlgy shuld be a tl, but depending n it ttally will mst certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s nt allw ur humanity t be ne f them. 技术应该是一种工具，但完全依赖它肯定会产生意想不到的效果。让我们的人性不用成为其中一个。”，可知选项D符合原文。故选D。
2019年北京中考真题
A
Experiencing China
21. Wh visited a traditinal Chinese medicine hspital?
A. Mike.B. Janna.C. Bill.D. Cindy.
22. Hw lng did Janna stay with her hst family in China?
A. Three mnths.B. Fur mnths.
C. Five mnths.D. Six mnths.
23. Cindy thinks her hst sister is .
A. a wnderful ckB. a respnsible dctr
C. a warm-hearted teacherD. a hardwrking student
21.A【解析】细节理解题。由题干中a traditinal Chinese medicine hspital可定位至短文第一段中I even visited a famus traditinal Chinese medicine hspital.这句话，再找到文章的开头Mike Canada可知，Mike参观了著名了中医医院。故应选A。
22.C【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的人名Janna可定位到短文第二段，根据第一句话I stayed with my hst family fr five mnths.可知，她和她的寄宿家庭一起待了五个月。故应选C。
23.D【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的人名Cindy可定位到短文第四段，根据I lived with a hst family in China fr six mnths. My hst sister is a really hardwrking student.可知，Cindy觉得寄宿姐姐是一个非常用功的学生。由此可知应选D。
B
Blue Lightning
Sally lved cars mre than anything else. This spring she thught f building a g-kart t enter fr the G-G Race. S she asked her dad fr help.
“Well,” he said. “Hw abut this: yu d sme research first and then cme back t me with a design.”
A week later Sally brught her ntes and drawings t Dad. She named her g-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad lked ver her wrk, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as yu’ve designed.”
Over three weekends f hard wrk, Sally turned her design int a real, wrking g-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her t take it fr a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drve back t Dad. “Well,” she said. “Nw I knw why yu wanted me t have a test drive.”
“Oh, d yu?” he said. “Please share.”
“When I drve fast, there was a lt f pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because f the lightning blt (闪电) shape.”
“Very gd!” Dad said.
“S, why didn’t yu tell me abut that prblem in the first place?” Sally asked.
Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If yu give a man a fish, he’ll eat fr a day. But if yu teach a man t fish, he’ll eat fr a lifetime.”
Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun !”
Dad smiled. “Gd. Smetimes, learning happens during the prcess. We learn hw t d smething right by ding it a few times first and making mistakes alng the way.”
That encuraged Sally and she wrked even harder. When she shwed Dad her new g-kart, he ndded with pride.
Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t wrried abut whether she wuld win—in her mind, she had already wn, by building smething better than ever befre.
24. Sally thught f building a g-kart t .
A. practice drivingB. enter fr a race
C. play with friendsD. d sme research
25. What did Sally’s dad ask her t d after she built the g-kart?
A. T have a test drive.B. T take a gd rest.
C. T give it a cl name.D. T paint it light blue.
26. Sally’s stry mainly tells us that .
A. winning a race is imprtant
B. fishing brings us a lt f fun
C. driving experience is necessary
D. learning happens during the prcess
24.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段第二句话This spring she thught f building a g-kart t enter fr the G-G Race.可知，Sally想要自己制作一辆卡丁车去参加比赛。由此可知应选B。
25.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段Over three weekends f hard wrk, Sally turned her design int a real, wrking g-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her t take it fr a test drive. Sally agreed.可知，Sally把卡丁车做好后，给爸爸看，爸爸让她先去试驾一下。由此可知应选A。
26.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文意和短文倒数第三段的内容Dad smiled. “Gd. Smetimes, learning happens during the prcess. We learn hw t d smething right by ding it a few times first and making mistakes alng the way.”可知，短文通过讲述Sally制作卡丁车参加比赛的过程，告诉我们，有时候学习就是在过程中发生的。故D选项最符合文意。
C
Smetimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it desn’t need t feel this way. Our experience f time can be pssibly changed. By understanding the psychlgical (心理学的) prcesses behind ur different experiences f time, we might be able t slw dwn time a little.
One basic law f psychlgical time is that time seems t slw dwn when we’re expsed(接触) t new envirnments and experiences. The law is caused by the relatinship between ur experience f time and the amunt f infrmatin ur minds prcess. The mre infrmatin ur minds take in the slwer time seems t pass.
It fllws, then, that we have different experiences f time in different situatins. In sme situatins, ur life is full f new experiences. Our minds prcess a lt f infrmatin and time seems t slw dwn. In ther situatins, we have fewer new experiences and the wrld arund us becmes mre and mre familiar(熟悉的). We becme insensitive t ur experience, which means we prcess less infrmatin, and time seems t speed up.
Hw can we slw dwn time? Here are tw suggestins.
Firstly, since we knw that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expse urselves t as many new experiences as pssible. We can give urselves new challenges, meet new peple, and expse ur minds t new infrmatin, hbbies and skills. This will increase the amunt f infrmatin ur minds prcess and expand (增加) ur experience f time.
Secndly, and perhaps mst effectively, we can give ur whle attentin t an experience-t what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling r hearing. This means living thrugh ur senses rather than thrugh ur thughts. Fr example, n the way hme, fcus yur attentin utside f yurself, instead f thinking abut the prblems yu have t deal with. Lk at the sky, r at the buildings yu pass, traveling amng them. This pen attitude t yur experiences helps take in mre infrmatin and als has a time-expanding effect.
T a certain degree, we can understand and cntrl ur experience f time passing. It’s pssible fr us t slw dwn time by expanding ur experience f time.
27. Accrding t the writer, we can expand ur experience f time by .
A. ging t bed n timeB. traveling t new places
C. having dinner as usualD. printing the same materials
28. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Being familiar with the wrld arund helps us get mre infrmatin.
B. Understanding psychlgical time makes life pass mre quickly.
C. We can take in mre infrmatin by living thrugh ur senses.
D. We shuld build a strnger relatinship between time and us.
29. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Slw Dwn TimeB. Only Time Will Tell
C. Race Against TimeD. Time Will Nt Cme Twice
27.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文意和短文第二段One basic law f psychlgical time is that time seems t slw dwn when we’re expsed(接触) t new envirnments and experiences.可知，当我们接触新环境和经历时，时间好像会变慢。结合选项：A是“按时上床睡觉”；B是“去新的地方旅行”；C是“像往常一样吃晚饭”；D是“打印相同的材料”。故应选B。
28.C【解析】推理判断题。根据短文第六段Secndly, and perhaps mst effectively, we can give ur whle attentin t an experience-t what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling r hearing. This means living thrugh ur senses rather than thrugh ur thughts.可知，通过我们的感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息。故应选C。
29.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段Our experience f time can be pssibly changed.；再根据第二段One basic law f psychlgical time is that time seems t slw dwn when we’re expsed(接触) t new envirnments and experiences.以及第四段Hw can we slw dwn time? Here are tw suggestins.可知，短文先告诉我们“时间的体验是可以改变的”，然后从心理学的角度解释了其中的原理，并对如何使时间变慢提出了建议。因此整篇文章都是围绕Slw dwn time展开的，故选A最合适。
D
Hw Much Can We Affrd t Frget?
In 2018, Science magazine asked sme yung scientists what schls shuld teach students. Mst said students shuld spend less time memrizing facts and have mre space fr creative activities. As the Internet grws mre pwerful, students can access (获得) knwledge easily. Why shuld they be required t carry s much f it arund in their heads?
Civilizatins（文明）develp thrugh frgetting life skills that were nce necessary. In the Agricultural（农业的）Age, a farmer culd affrd t frget hunting skills. When scieties industrialized, the knwledge f farming culd be safe t frget. Nwadays, smart machines give us access t mst human knwledge. It seems that we n lnger need t remember mst things. Des it matter?
Researchers have recgnized several prblems that may happen. Fr ne, human beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely t increase ur biases. Many peple believe smart machines are necessarily crrect and bjective, but machines are trained thrugh a repeated testing and scring prcess. In the prcess, human beings still decide n the crrect answers.
Anther prblem relates t the ease f accessing infrmatin. When there were n cmputers, effrts were required t get knwledge frm ther peple, r g t the library. We knw what knwledge lies in ther brains r bks, and what lies in ur heads. But tday, the Internet gives us the infrmatin we need quickly. This can lead t the mistaken belief-the knwledge we fund was part f what we knew all alng.
In a new civilizatin rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access t smart memry netwrks where infrmatin is stred. But dependency n a netwrk suggests pssibilities f being harmed easily. The cllapse f any f the netwrks f relatins ur well-being（健康）depends upn, such as fd and energy, wuld prduce terrible results. Withut fd we get hungry; withut energy we feel cld.And it is thrugh widespread lss f memry that civilizatins are at risk f falling int a dark age.
We frget ld ways t free up time and space fr new skills. As lng as the lder frms f knwledge are stred smewhere in ur netwrks, and can be fund when we need them, perhaps they’re nt really frgtten. Still, as time ges n, we gradually but unquestinably becme strangers t future peple.
30. Why are smart machines likely t increase ur biases?
A. Because they g ff curse in testing and scring.
B. Because we cntrl the training prcess n them.
C. Because we ffer them t much infrmatin.
D. Because they veruse the prvided answers.
31. The ease f accessing infrmatin frm the Internet ·
A. frees us frm making effrts t learn new skills
B. prevents civilizatins frm being lst at a high speed
C. misleads us int thinking we already knew the knwledge
D. separates the facts we have frm thse in the smart machines
32. The wrd "cllapse" in Paragraph 5 prbably means ·
A. a sudden failureB. the basic rule
C. a disappinting startD. the gradual develpment
33. What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A. T questin abut the standards f infrmatin strage.
B. T discuss ur prblems f cmmunicatin with machines.
C. T stress the imprtance f imprving ur memrizing ability.
D. T remind us f the risk f depending n machines t remember.
30.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第三段Fr ne, human beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely t increase ur biases. Many peple believe smart machines are necessarily crrect and bjective, but machines are trained thrugh a repeated testing and scring prcess. In the prcess, human beings still decide n the crrect answers可知，智能机器是通过重复测试和评分过程的训练，在这个过程中，人类仍然决定着正确的答案。故B选项符合文意。
31.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段中But tday, the Internet gives us the infrmatin we need quickly. This can lead t the mistaken belief-the knwledge we fund was part f what we knew all alng.可知，互联网给我们提供了方便，可以让我们快速得到所需要的信息，但这可能会导致错误的信念，我们发现的知识是我们一直都知道的一部分。由此可知应选C。
32.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文语境But dependency n a netwrk suggests pssibilities f being harmed easily. The cllapse f any f the netwrks f relatins ur well-being（健康）depends upn, such as fd and energy, wuld prduce terrible results.可知，对网络的依赖很容易受到伤害，后面举例说明网络的…会导致可怕的后果。结合选项：A是“突然的失败”；B是“基本规则”；C是“令人失望的开始”；D是“逐渐的发展”。根据文意可知应选A。
33.D【解析】推理判断题。根据短文第二段的最后It seems that we n lnger need t remember mst things. Des it matter?以及第三段Researchers have recgnized several prblems that may happen.、第四段Anther prblem relates t the ease f accessing infrmatin、第五段But dependency n a netwrk suggests pssibilities f being harmed easily等可知，短文作者先提出问题“我们还需要再记忆很多东西吗？”，然后分析了这个问题，发现如果不靠自己的记忆，而去依赖机器会导致很多问题的发生，由此可知推知作者写这篇文章的目的是提醒我们依赖机器记忆是有风险的。故应选D。
（2023·北京平谷·统考一模）
Traditinal Chinese culture is rich and interesting. It has a variety f frms, such as traditinal Chinese pera, festivals, handwriting, and s n. It’s beginning t attract the attentin f the wrld. Here is a brief intrductin abut sme frms f traditinal Chinese culture.
The Lin Dance is ne f the mst widespread flk dances in China. The dance has a recrded histry f mre than 2, 000 years. Perfrming the lin dance at the Lantern Festival has becme a custm in many parts f China. Peple culd pray fr gd luck, safety and happiness by ding that.
The Duanwu Festival, als called the Dragn Bat Festival, is t cmmemrate (纪念) the patritic pet Qu Yuan. Peple cast glutinus dumplings (粽子) int the water after Qu Yuan threw himself int the river, hping that the fishes wuld eat the dumplings instead f his bdy. Fr thusands f years, the festival has been marked by glutinus dumplings and dragn bat races.
Wushu can be traced back t ancient times. It is a kind f traditinal Chinese culture. As we all knw, the Chinese Wushu Assciatin has been wrking very hard t ppularize Wushu. As a way f self-defense and t keep practitiners (习艺者) fit and strng, Wushu has becme ppular in sme ther cunties, especially in Africa.
Please match each frm f Chinese culture with its descriptin.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了舞狮、端午节以及中国武术。
1．根据第二段“Peple culd pray fr gd luck, safety and happiness by ding that.”可知，中国人通过舞狮来祈祷好运、安全和幸福。故选D。
2．根据第三段“Fr thusands f years, the festival has been marked by glutinus dumplings and dragn bat races.”可知，端午节的龙舟赛有很悠久的历史。故选C。
3．根据最后一段“As a way f self-defense and t keep practitiners (习艺者) fit and strng”可知，武术可以让人保持健康。故选A。
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）
下面的材料分别介绍了三种趣味环保活动，请根据左栏中所描述的 Peter, Lily 和 Michael 三个人各自的特点，帮助他们选择合适的活动，并将活动对应的序号A、B、C 填写在相应的位置上。
【答案】4．B 5．C 6．A
【导语】本文介绍了三种趣味环保活动，根据题中所描述的 Peter, Lily 和 Michael 三个人各自的特点，帮助他们选择合适的活动。
4．根据“Peter has learnt a lt abut cllecting and dividing waste at schl. He hpes t see hw waste is recycled in persn.”可知，彼得在学校里学到了很多关于收集和分类垃圾的知识。他希望亲眼看看垃圾是如何被回收的。选项B“参观回收中心或垃圾填埋场”符合语境。故选B。
5．根据“Lily and her friends are members f the schl gardening club. They want t beautify their classrm with plants and flwers.”可知，莉莉和她的朋友是学校园艺俱乐部的成员。他们想用植物和鲜花美化他们的教室。选项C“以创造性的方式重复使用”符合语境。故选C。
6．根据“Michael is a fan f science technlgy. He likes ding interesting experiments abut the daily use f clean energy.”可知，迈克尔是科学技术的粉丝。他喜欢做关于清洁能源日常使用的有趣实验。选项A“举办太阳能野餐”符合语境。故选A。
（2023·北京丰台·统考二模）
信息匹配。下面的材料分别介绍了四项不同的夏日嘉年华活动。请根据1-3小题中所描述的 J，Archie和 Rsa 三人各自的需求，为他们分别推荐最适合他们的活动，将所对应的序号A、B、C、D填写在相应的位置上。
【答案】7．A 8．B 9．D
【导语】本文是根据J, Archie和 Rsa 三人各自的需求，为他们分别推荐最适合的活动。
7．根据“J is gd at cking and wuld really like the chance t learn new ways t ck frm an expert.”可知，乔擅长烹饪，非常希望有机会向专家学习新的烹饪方法，所以选项A“美食爱好者们，这是你们的节日。来发现来自不同国家的各种口味吧。珍妮·莫雷尔，今年最畅销的蛋糕烘焙书的作者将要上课。你需要尽快预订你的住处。你可以在课后买她的烹饪书。”与之相匹配，故选A。
8．根据“Archie really enjys watching films. He lves his dg and wuld like t find a festival that allws pets.”可知，阿奇真的很喜欢看电影。他喜欢他的狗，并希望找到一个允许宠物的节日，所以选项B“今年我们的动物节上的一些动物会让你大吃一惊。我们通常会举办‘最奇怪的宠物’比赛，这是一个带上你的宠物并获得训练建议的好机会。也要注意我们的特邀嘉宾，著名的机器狗，Wfer，来自今年夏天的热门电影《太空狗》！”与之相匹配，故选B。
9．根据“Rsa is interested in mdern dance music. She wants t understand the technlgy behind the music mre.”可知，罗莎对现代舞曲很感兴趣。她想更多地了解音乐背后的技术，所以选项D“对于所有的年轻科学家来说，来参加今年的科学节，掌握最新的技术。这里特别关注电子音乐，还有机会尝试制作自己的音乐，如果这还不够，你肯定会对我们的机器人剧院表演感到惊讶。”与之相匹配，故选D。
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）
Whether we are ging t schl r ging t wrk, we are all sad t leave the weekend behind and g back t ur Mnday mrning blues. But with the tips, yu can get ver thse blues and face Mnday mrnings with a smile.
A．Lve what yu d.
B．Keep reading in yur spare time.
C．Give yurself a treat n weekends.
D．Get the things yu need prepared n Friday.
【答案】10．A 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了如何克服星期一早晨忧郁的建议。
10．根据“Lving yur jb will make yu lk frward t the week ahead.”可知，此处主要是讲热爱你所做的工作，选项A“爱你所做的。”与之匹配。故选A。
11．根据“Fr example, plan a night ut fr films r dinner n weekends. This wuld be a treat yu wuldn’t have in the fllwing days f the week.”可知，此处指在周末犒劳一下自己，选项C“周末好好犒劳一下自己。”与之匹配。故选C。
12．根据“Befre yu leave yur wrkplace r schl n Friday, yu shuld take care f all the things yu need, s yu wn’t be s stressed n Mnday mrning.”可知，此处说的是在周五离开之前，准备好需要的所有东西，选项D“星期五把你需要的东西准备好。”与之匹配。故选D。
（2023·北京房山·统考二模）
Nthing sunds better than a swim n a ht summer day. Hwever, many teens, including sme wh are gd swimmers drwn each year. When smene is drwning, it’s ften silent and happens very quickly. But it can be prevented (预防). Here are sme tips n hw t prevent drwning when yu g fr a swim.
13 Yu shuld g swimming with adults and make sure that they are able t keep yu safe. It’s imprtant t have an adult nearby watch fr danger.
14 G in feet first s that yu can knw hw deep the water is. Swimming in unsafe water can lead t serius injuries (伤害).
Warm up befre swimming. Take sme time t stretch (拉伸) yur bdy befre yu enter the water. Get yur bdy prepared and safety will surely fllw.
15 Many schls and training centers nw ffer classes t learn these skills. CPR is ne f the lifesaving skills that can help thers wh are near drwning.
Chse swimming areas carefully. Dn’t g t the swimming areas that yu dn’t knw well. Chse the areas with safety facilities (设施).
Remember: it’s always imprtant t call fr help first in a dangerus situatin! All in all, keep swimming safety in mind when yu are in and arund the water.
A．Learn lifesaving skills.
B．Let’s swim n a ht summer day.
C．Enter the water carefully and feet first.
D．Never swim alne — even fr a mment.
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一些关于游泳时如何防止溺水的建议。
13．根据“Yu shuld g swimming with adults and make sure that they are able t keep yu safe”可知，不要独自游泳，应该和成年人一起去游泳，D选项“永远不要一个人游泳，哪怕是片刻”符合，故选D。
14．根据“G in feet first s that yu can knw hw deep the water is”可知，先用脚试探下水有多深，C选项“小心地入水，脚先着地”符合，故选C。
15．根据“Many schls and training centers nw ffer classes t learn these skills”可知，学一些救生技能，A选项“学习救生技能”符合，故选A。
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）
Serena lked up frm her phne when she heard a lud “POP”. A flat tire! “This is making the bring trip even wrse,” she thught t herself.
“N big deal! We’ll cntinue ur adventure sn!” Her dad jumped ut t change the tire.
“What kind f adventure is this?! We’re driving in a brken car, all the way thrugh Suth Dakta, just t see sme ld presidents’ heads in a huge rck! There’s nthing fun in that!” Serena thught and returned t her phne.
“What’s s interesting n yur phne?” her brther Tny asked curiusly.
“Ally shared pictures frm her vacatin. She’s n a real adventure in Africa! Lk! Elephants! Hipps! Even lins!” she said.
“Yu mean pictures f Dad changing a flat tire in the middle f nwhere? Wh wuld want t see that?”
“But that’s the great thing abut this whle trip!” Tny said excitedly. “We have n idea what’s ging t happen, r what surprises we might have! We’re n a true adventure.” Tny cntinued, “I read that there’s an amazing place ut here. I fund pictures nline. Lk hw amazing they are!”
Serena put dwn her phne as Tny intrduced pictures f the ancient animals and ther interesting things abut here. She lked ut f the windw, wndering when they culd get there. But then she held her breath.
Just n the ther side f the rad, was a herd f bisn(一群野牛) walking slwly thrugh the grasses. She’d never seen anything like them this clse befre!
“Well, I didn’t expect that! Maybe we’re ging t have a real adventure after all,” said Serena as she quickly tk a picture thrugh the windw.
“Exactly! Nw lk hw wnderful the view is at the mment!” Tny said. “And all because we gt a flat tire.”
16．Hw did Serena feel abut the trip at first?
A．Bred.B．Wrried.C．Interested.D．Surprised.
17．Why did Tny shw Serena the pictures nline?
A．T shw their trip can be amazing t.B．T ask her t cmpete with her friends.
C．T prve he was gd at taking pictures.D．T encurage her t study ancient animals.
18．What did Serena learn frm the trip?
A．The imprtance f histry.B．The meaning f family t her.
C．The ways f slving prblems.D．The value f living in the mment.
【答案】16．A 17．A 18．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了Serena和爸爸在旅行的过程中车爆胎了，她看到手机上朋友分享假期的照片，再对比自己糟糕的旅行，心情感到很沮丧，这时看到窗户外面有一群野牛在慢慢行走，孩子们感叹正是因为爆胎才让他们欣赏到不同的风景。
16．细节理解题。根据“This is making the bring trip even wrseThis is making the bring trip even wrse”可知，起初认为旅行很无聊，故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据“I read that there’s an amazing place ut here. I fund pictures nline. Lk hw amazing they are!”可知，是为了向Serena表明他们的旅行也可以很惊叹，故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据“Exactly! Nw lk hw wnderful the view is at the mment”可知，享受此刻的光景是她从这次经历中学到的，故选D。
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）
Peple used t see lts f plastics n the sea surface. Nw in a study, researchers have fund that the micrplastic pllutin in deep water is much mre serius than that n the sea surface. “What we’ve knwn abut micrplastic has been frm the sea surface,” says Kyle Van Hutan, “but this study suggests there’s a larger amunt that’s unnticed.”
Micrplastics are small pieces that break frm plastic bttles r bags as they change t simpler chemical frms in the envirnment. They have different sizes and can be fund anywhere, including in the ceans, lakes, sil and even blwing in the air.
T study micrplastic pllutin in deep sea, Hutan’s team cllected samples(样本) in the sea by using a ROV(遥控潜水器). As the ROV went dwn frm 5 t 1,000 meters belw the sea surface, a specially-designed machine filtered(过滤) the sample water and kept the small particles(微粒). Back in the lab, the team used a special machine t find ut the types f plastic present.
Althugh the researchers fund micrplastic was everywhere, the amunt f the particles was nt evenly spread in the water. The midwater, 180 t 460 meters belw the surface, held the highest amunt f micrplastic pllutin, abut fur times as much as n the surface. Van Hutan thinks this may be because when plastic breaks dwn int ever-smaller pieces, they are cvered with bilgical material, which causes them t g dwn int the deep-sea area.
Their findings are based nly n a certain area, and if the results hld fr the wider cean envirnment, the amunt f plastic in the midwater wuld be wrrying, because this is key living envirnment fr mst sea animals. These particles, which have harmful chemicals, can g int the fd webs at bth the cean’s surface and seaflr, and can influence reprductin f sea animals. The final effect remains unknwn, but what is fr certain, Hutan says, is that “this is a serius prblem, and it shws humans can change natural systems.”
Yet in ther ways, “the results are encuraging,” he says. Since mst f the micrplastic waste cmes frm single-use plastic, this means we culd reduce micrplastic pllutin by cutting dwn n the prductin and use f the unnecessary plastic prducts.
19．Hutan’s team used ROV t _________.
A．filter the sample waterB．cllect samples in the sea
C．examine the chemicalsD．recrd the depth f water
20．What can we learn frm the study mentined in the passage?
A．The sea surface is the mst seriusly plluted.
B．Deep-sea animals will die ut in the near future.
C．The midwater hlds the mst micrplastic particles.
D．Bilgical material destrys the fd webs in deep sea.
21．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T remind peple t reduce plastic waste.
B．T explain causes f micrplastic pllutin.
C．T intrduce changes in the cean ecsystem.
D．T advise peple t recycle single-use prducts.
【答案】19．B 20．C 21．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了海面上看到很多塑料，而研究发现深水中的微塑料污染比海面上的污染严重得多。
19．细节理解题。根据“T study micrplastic pllutin in deep sea, Hutan’s team cllected samples(样本) in the sea by using a ROV(遥控潜水器).”可知Hutan的团队使用遥控潜水器在海中收集样本。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据“The midwater, 180 t 460 meters belw the surface, held the highest amunt f micrplastic pllutin, abut fur times as much as n the surface.”可知地表以下180至460米的中层水域的微塑料污染量最高。故选C。
21．推理判断题。根据“Peple used t see lts f plastics n the sea surface. Nw in a study, researchers have fund that the micrplastic pllutin in deep water is much mre serius than that n the sea surface. ”以及“Since mst f the micrplastic waste cmes frm single-use plastic, this means we culd reduce micrplastic pllutin by cutting dwn n the prductin and use f the unnecessary plastic prducts”（由于大多数微塑料废物来自一次性塑料，这意味着我们可以通过减少不必要的塑料产品的生产和使用来减少微塑料污染）可推知作者写这篇文章是为了提醒人们减少塑料垃圾，保护环境。故选A。
（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）
Mst f us prbably have tld a lie at ne time r anther. Sme lies are harmful. Sme are mstly harmless. Still ther lies may even he created with kindness. But whatever kind f lie yu tell, it takes surprising brainpwer t pull it ff. Lying als can have unwanted influences, t.
When yu tell the truth, yu think f what yu want t say and just say it. Hwever, lying takes much mre wrk—yu have t cme up with a stry and remember it. A lt f that wrk is dne in a brain area called the prefrntal crtex(前额叶皮层). It’s respnsible fr wrking memry and executive functin(执行功能) tasks such as planning, prblem-slving and self-cntrl. Wrking memry keeps things in mind just fr a little while as yu’re using them. Executive functin cmes int play when yu use self-cntrl t keep frm blurting ut(脱口而出) the facts that wuld uncver yur lie. It helps yu recall all the details f a lie t make sure that it sunds believable. It als lets yu think a step r tw ahead t make sure the lie yu’re telling will likely hld up t questining.
Calling n yur executive functin this way uses up a lt f brainpwer. Vendemia, a neurscientist at the University f Suth Carlina, did a research and has fund that peple’s mental wrklad will be heavier and their reactin time lnger when they lie. Wrse still, when the prefrntal crtex is busy with tasks related t lying, she ntes, it has a harder time ding ther tasks such as making a study plan r using self-cntrl t keep frm spending t much time n cmputer games.
Lying has scial influences, t. Even the kindest lies can smetimes be risky and ften backfire. When yu give dishnest praise, yu may make yur friends feel gd at first. But if yu d it ften enugh, they’ll sn learn that they can’t trust yur praise. Peple generally value hnesty and dn’t like liars, s if yu are viewed as untrustwrthy, it can be bad fr yur relatinships.
It’s widely agreed that nearly all cultures value hnesty, and nw science is revealing(揭示) hw dishnesty influences the brain and yur ability t build the trust n which strng relatinships depend. S, even when lying desn’t stretch yur nse, it still cmes at a price that yu can’t affrd.
22．The secnd paragraph is mainly abut _________.
A．why self-cntrl benefits the brainB．what scial influences lying can bring
C．hw the brain wrks when peple lieD．when executive functin cmes int play
23．What can we learn abut lying frm the passage?
A．Lying imprves wrking memry.B．Cvering lies takes much brainpwer.
C．The nature f lies is decided by the brain.D．Peple’s reactin can be sped up by lying.
24．The underlined wrd “backfire” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “_________”.
A．lead t serius accidentsB．help t win full supprt
C．build up strng relatinshipsD．have the ppsite effect
25．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Signs f LyingB．Csts f LyingC．Causes f LiesD．Types f Lies
【答案】22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了撒谎的代价，以及产生的影响。
22．段落大意题。根据“When yu tell the truth, yu think f what yu want t say and just say it. Hwever, lying takes much mre wrk—yu have t cme up with a stry and remember it. A lt f that wrk is dne in a brain area called the prefrntal crtex(前额叶皮层). ”（当你说真话的时候，你会想好你想说什么，然后就说出来。然而，撒谎需要更多的工作——你必须想出一个故事并记住它。很多工作都是在一个叫做前额皮质的大脑区域完成的）以及本段内容可知，第二段主要讲述了当人们撒谎时，大脑是如何工作的。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“has fund that peple’s mental wrklad will be heavier and their reactin time lnger when they lie. Wrse still, when the prefrntal crtex is busy with tasks related t lying, she ntes, it has a harder time ding ther tasks”可知人在掩盖谎言需要很多脑力。故选B。
24．词义猜测题。根据“Lying has scial influences, t. Even the kindest lies can smetimes be risky and ften backfire. ”可知撒谎也有社会影响。即使是最善意的谎言有时也会有风险，结合“But if yu d it ften enugh, they’ll sn learn that they can’t trust yur praise. ”可知经常有善意的谎言会导致相反的结果，所以backfire和D选项的含义相同，故选D。
25．最佳标题题。根据“But whatever kind f lie yu tell, it takes surprising brainpwer t pull it ff. Lying als can have unwanted influences, t.”可知无论你说什么样的谎言，都需要惊人的脑力才能实现，而且撒谎也会产生不必要的影响。所以B选项“撒谎的代价”符合，故选B。
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）
Dad and Madisn were walking thrugh the party stre, gathering sme flags and ballns fr Madisn’s birthday party.
“But I dn’t want t invite Lucy Gilbert! She isn’t a girl I am fnd f (喜欢)!”
“Why nt?”
“She never talks t me!”
Dad sighed and mved dwn the aisle (过道). “Lucy is a new girl in class. She desn’t knw a single persn in the schl. Yur party will be a great chance fr her t get t knw everyne.”
“N, it wn’t. She will prbably sit in the crner and nt talk t anyne. Every day at lunch she sits all by herself. She wants t eat alne!” Madisn shrugged (耸肩) and rlled her eyes. “Madisn, I’m dne discussing this. Yu will invite every girl in yur class, including Lucy Gilbert!”
On Saturday mrning, the family blew up ballns, decrating (装饰) the huse cheerfully. Madisn was dressed beautifully fr the day, wearing her new blue dress. She usually wre sprts clthes because she lved t be utside riding her hrse Star with a lead rpe.
Madisn greeted her friends in the drway, picturing varius presents her friends wuld bring her. In the meanwhile, she was wndering whether Lucy wuld destry the party if she came. Anyhw, all the girls she invited came finally, including Lucy.
The girls had a fantastic time by singing and dancing while Lucy sat in the crner silently alne. Later, all the girls gathered arund the table as Madisn pened her presents. Opening them ne by ne, Madisn thanked her friends, with a bright smile n her face.
Lucy’s present was the very last t be pened. Inside the bx was a hand-made lead rpe. Shcked, she lked up at Lucy.
“It’s a lead rpe fr yur hrse Star. I made it myself!”
Madisn pulled it ut f the bx and placed it n her lap (大腿上), amazed at its beauty.
Lucy added, “I heard yu talking abut yur hrse at schl. That’s when I gt the idea t make yu a lead rpe.”
Deeply mved by Lucy’s wrds, Madisn held the lead rpe tightly. It was her favurite birthday present f the day. With mixed feelings, Madisn tried hard t fight the tears building in her eyes.
“Thanks s much fr this lead rpe. I lve it! Wuld yu like t jin us and be ur friends?” Lucy ndded cheerfully and jined the ther girls t enjy the party.
26．Why did Madisn invite Lucy t her party?
A．Lucy was her best friend.
B．Lucy liked t talk t thers.
C．Madisn’s dad asked her t d that.
D．Madisn wanted t invite every girl in her class.
27．When Madisn pened Lucy’s present, she felt ________.
A．surprisedB．relaxedC．nervusD．terrible
28．What can we learn frm the stry?
A．Friendship is the greatest pleasure in life.
B．It’s necessary t learn t accept peple arund yu.
C．It’s imprtant t decrate the huse befre the party.
D．It’s OK fr kids t g t a birthday party with presents.
【答案】26．C 27．A 28．B
【导语】本文主要是讲述Madisn的爸爸体谅到Lucy初来乍到的孤独，要求Madisn邀请Lucy来参加生日派对，Lucy用自己手工做的生日礼物赢得了Madisn的心，融入了新的集体。
26．细节理解题。根据“But I dn’t want t invite Lucy Gilbert!”和“Madisn, I’m dne discussing this. Yu will invite every girl in yur class, including Lucy Gilbert!”可知邀请Lucy是Madisn的爸爸要求的，故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据“Shcked, she lked up at Lucy.”可知当Madisn打开Lucy送的礼物时，非常吃惊，故选A。
28．推理判断题。本文主要是讲述了一个初来乍到的女孩通过一个生日派对成功被接纳的故事，告诉我们：学会接受身边的人是很有必要的。故选B。
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）
If we want t grw as peple, we can’t just depend n ur wn evaluatin (评价) f hw we’re ding. We als need t knw what ther peple think abut ur perfrmance. Receiving feedback (反馈) frm thers can help us see the larger picture and shw us a way frward t success.
Hwever, smene has t give that feedback, and smetimes, that smene will be yu. Hw shuld yu deal with this?
First things first, if yu ntice a situatin in which sme feedback wuld be helpful, give it as sn as yu can. If yu wait until the matter disappears frm the persn’s mind, they might nt understand what yu’re trying t tell them. Take the persn t a safe, cmfrtable place and ffer yur advice in private.
When yu’re giving feedback, it’s imprtant t keep in mind that n ne likes t be tld they’re ding a bad jb. Make sure yu give an equal ( 相等的 ) amunt f gd feedback t balance ut anything bad. Like the saying ges, “A spnful f sugar helps the medicine g dwn. ”
All gd feedback shares smething in cmmn. First, it shuld help achieve a gal. It’s less useful t tell yur friends that their dish tastes “interesting” than it is t suggest adding a little salt. Feedback shuld als lk tward the future. Yu can’t change what’s already happened, but yu can prevent it frm happening again. Tell yur friends they shuld take mre ntes in class instead f talking abut hw they shuld have studied harder fr the big histry exam they failed.
Finally, dn’t think yur suggestin is the nly crrect way t deal with a situatin. Yu might even end up with sme feedback n yur feedback. Dn’t take it persnally—it can nly help yu give better advice next time.
29．Why is it imprtant t give feedback in time?
A．Yu might frget t tell the persn later n.
B．Perhaps the persn wants the feedback right away.
C．The persn might frget what happened at that time.
D．Maybe the persn needs time t understand yur advice.
30．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Gd feedback wuld help yu achieve a gal.
B．Giving feedback can help us see the larger picture.
C．Yu can give yur feedback at any time r any places.
D．Gd feedback is the best way t deal with a bad situatin.
31．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Hw t give feedback prperly.
B．Cmmn things in gd feedback.
C．Hw t find a way frward t success.
D．Differences between gd and bad feedback.
【答案】29．C 30．A 31．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了我们成长过程中既要关注自我评价，也要接受别人的评价，以及如何正确地给出反馈。
29．细节理解题。根据“If yu wait until the matter disappears frm the persn’s mind, they might nt understand what yu’re trying t tell them.”可知，如果不及时给予反馈，人们会忘了发生过什么了。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据“All gd feedback shares smething in cmmn. First, it shuld help achieve a gal.”可知，好的反馈会有助于实现一个目标，故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据“Hwever, smene has t give that feedback, and smetimes, that smene will be yu. Hw shuld yu deal with this?”可知，本文主要介绍人们应该如何正确地给予反馈。故选A。
（2023·北京房山·统考一模）
Flds, drughts (干旱), strms, heat waves…extreme weather (极端天气) is becming mre and mre cmmn all ver the wrld.
It’s a fact that this is caused by greenhuse gas emissins (温室气体排放) frm human activities, a reprt said, accrding t China Daily.
Many peple suffered frm extreme weather last summer. Areas f Eurpe were hit by big thunderstrms (雷雨). At least 13 peple died in Austria, France and Italy. In Prtugal and Spain, huge wildfires frced thusands t leave their hmes.
In the US, mre than 80 percent f the west was in drught, up frm just 20 percent in 2021. Three-quarters f farmers in drught-hit areas stpped grwing fd.
In China, the heat affected the suth seriusly. The duratin f last year’s high temperatures brke the 62-day recrd in 2013, becming the lngest heat wave in 61 years.
Extreme weather events are nt nly killing peple and destrying hmes. They als drive mre peple int hunger. Millins in East Africa have little fd t eat tday, accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin. Fr fur years, there wasn’t enugh rain during its rainy seasns and the land was t dry t grw fd.
Extreme weather has als made 218 f the knwn 375 infectius diseases (传染) mre serius accrding t the jurnal, Nature Climate Change. As viruses (病毒) try t adapt t (适应) higher temperatures, they gradually becme strnger and harder t kill.
Extreme weather is a warning t us. It’s time fr everyne t take actin t slw dwn climate change. We can drive less, plant trees, save water, buy less plastic and d lts f ther things, t. Here is an example f saving water frm Australia.
In Australia, there are different levels f water restrictins (限制) during really dry summers. They ban (禁止) r limit the use f water fr utdr purpses. In sme states, they are “permanent (永久的)” .
One restrictin is t nly water the garden n certain days and at certain times. Watering in the evenings saves water because the sun is less strng and stps the water frm evaprating (蒸发) s quickly. The same ges fr washing cars. If peple break the rules, they’ll face a fine.
Apart frm fficial (官方的) restrictins, peple are als encuraged t save water in ther ways, like by taking shrter shwers. They culd even buy a special tw-minute egg timer and stick it n the shwer wall t remind them when their shwer time is up. Tw minutes seems shrt at first, but nce yu get used t it, it’s enugh.
32．The wrd “duratin” in Paragraph 5 prbably means “_______”.
A．influenceB．whle peridC．challengeD．main reasn
33．What effects des extreme weather have n the earth?
A．It caused greenhuse gas emissins.
B．It made sme infectius diseases mre serius.
C．It made millins in Eurpe have little fd t eat.
D．It made mre than 80 percent f Africa int drught.
34．What d Australians d t save water during dry summers?
A．They are encuraged t wash cars in the afternn.
B．They start t reduce the number f flwers in the garden.
C．They are frced t buy a special timer t take shrter shwers.
D．They can nly water their gardens n certain days and at certain times.
35．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T discuss hw t save the planet.
B．T explain what extreme weather is.
C．T draw peple’s attentin t extreme weather.
D．T cmpare different extreme weather cnditins.
【答案】32．B 33．B 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文阐述了由于温室气体排放而造成的全世界范围内的极端天气，以及它给我们带来的灾难。
32．词句猜测题。分析“In China, the heat affected the suth seriusly. The duratin f last year’s high temperatures brke the 62-day recrd in 2013, becming the lngest heat wave in 61 years.”可知，在中国，高温严重影响了南方。去年的高温持续时间打破了2013年62天的记录，成为61年来最长的热浪。此处duratin的意思是“持续时间”，故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Extreme weather has als made 218 f the knwn 375 infectius diseases (传染) mre serius accrding t the jurnal”可知，极端天气还使已知的375种传染病中的218种更加严重。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据“One restrictin is t nly water the garden n certain days and at certain times.”可知，其中一个限制是只在特定的日子和时间给花园浇水。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。本文阐述了由于温室气体排放而造成的全世界范围内的极端天气，以及它给我们带来的灾难。目的是为了引起人们对极端天气的注意，故选C。
（2023·北京平谷·统考一模）
“Yu’re it!” Linda shuted as she tapped me n the arm. I nticed Peter and ran after him. He turned right suddenly and I missed him. Linda was just past him, s I started running after her, but she shuted, “N tag backs!” I didn’t think s. We didn’t make rules fr this tag game. I ran even faster t tag her. Then she didn’t play with me anymre, and ur tag game was ver. This made me unhappy.
Peter and I stpped t talk. “I guess this is ne reasn that peple make rules fr games,” said Peter. “We culd still be playing if we had agreed n the rules with Linda befre we played.”
But rules were bring. I just wanted t play. I decided t try playing with smene else, withut rules. I played ftball and hurt Jack’s arm when I tackled（抢球，截断）him. The ther kids didn’t want t play ftball with me anymre.
Next I went n the mnkey bars, and went n befre Amelia was t the end f the bars. She surprised me when she turned arund and came back n the mnkey bars, and we bumped（碰，撞）int each ther. She cried and tld me that nw she culdn’t break her mnkey bar recrd. I was by myself again.
“Maybe there is a reasn we have rules,” I said t myself as I walked back tward Peter, wh was n the slide. If I had used rules, Linda wuld feel like the tag game was fair, s she wuld still be playing with me. If I had played by the rules with the ther players, Jack wuld nt have gtten hurt, and the ther kids wuld still be playing with me. And if I had waited my turn n the mnkey bars, Amelia wuld nt be mad at me and culd have brken her recrd, then I culd have had my turn.
“Peter, yu’re right. Rules are imprtant. They help t keep things fair, safe, and fun fr everyne. Let’s g t talk with Linda abut sme fair rules fr tag.” And ff we went.
36．Hw did the writer feel after he played the tag game?
A．Bred.B．Angry.C．Excited.D．Prud.
37．Why did the writer and Amelia bump int each ther?
A．Because Amelia surprised him.
B．Because the writer didn’t wait fr his turn.
C．Because the writer brke the mnkey bars.
D．Because Amelia wanted t break the recrd.
38．Frm his experience, the writer learned ________.
A．the pwer f games B．the meaning f sprts C．the imprtance f rules D．the value f friendship
【答案】36．B 37．B 38．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过和朋友们玩耍，最后发现规则的重要性。
36．细节理解题。根据“This made me unhappy”可知，感到不开心，故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据“Next I went n the mnkey bars, and went n befre Amelia was t the end f the bars. She surprised me when she turned arund and came back n the mnkey bars, and we bumped（碰，撞）int each ther.”可知，因为作者还没有等着轮到他，他就去玩单杠，所以与Amelia碰撞在一起了，故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“Peter, yu’re right. Rules are imprtant”可知，作者最后知道了规则的重要性，故选C。
（2023·北京平谷·统考一模）
Picnics n a beach, bating n a lake, r a riverside walk—peple are naturally attracted t water. Research nw shws that activities like these are imprtant fr ur health and well-being.
The physical and mental health benefits f spending time in green spaces—such as parks, gardens, r wds—are already well-knwn. Hwever, fr arund a decade (十年), evidence has been grwing that blue spaces—such as rivers, lakes and the sea are als gd fr ur health in a variety f ways.
Whether peple enjy water sprts r a simple walk n the beach, studies have shwed that thse wh live near t blue spaces are mre likely t be physically active. Regular visits t blue spaces have als been shwn t imprve mental health. One study has fund that althugh peple are generally happier in natural envirnments, they are the happiest in blue spaces. And as peple tend t enjy activities tgether in blue spaces, they are als gd fr ur scial health. Anther imprtant pint is that blue spaces can create healthier envirnments, cling the temperature in cities and cleaning the air.
With all these benefits, culd dctrs prescribe (开处方) time in blue spaces fr their patients? This is actually happening in the UK, where dctrs can nw refer (推荐) patients with mental health prblems t a “blue prescribing” prgram. Over several weeks participants spend time in blue spaces taking part in activities such as bird-watching, caneing, walking, and having picnics. The results have been very psitive, with participants saying that being in a blue space helps them t relax and t feel less stressed. Surf treatment is als grwing in ppularity arund the wrld as a way t treat mental health prblems and has been shwn t reduce depressin and anxiety.
Hwever, yu dn’t need t g surfing t enjy blue spaces—Just lking at the sea r listening t the sund f water is knwn t be relaxing. And research has shwn that spending arund tw hurs a week in a blue space is enugh t bring health benefits.
39．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing wuld be suggested fr health benefits?
A．Listening t light music. B．Watering flwers in gardens.
C．Putting up a tent n the grass. D．Walking by a river r watching birds there.
40．What can we learn frm Paragraph 4?
A．“Blue prescribing” is in use and results well in the UK.
B．Surf treatment is much mre ppular than “blue prescribing”.
C．Dctrs prefer “blue prescribing” t surf treatment in the-UK.
D．Patients in the “blue prescribing” prgram get special medical care.
41．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T advise us t enjy blue spaces mre.
B．T call n us t create mre blue spaces.
C．T intrduce the benefits f green and blue spaces.
D．T cmpare the advantages f blue spaces and green spaces.
【答案】39．D 40．A 41．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是蓝色空间，以及在蓝色空间进行一些活动有助于我们的身心健康。
39．推理判断题。根据“... such as rivers, lakes and the sea are als gd fr ur health in a variety f ways”可知，河流、湖泊和大海等是蓝色空间；再根据“Over several weeks participants spend time in blue spaces taking part in activities such as bird-watching, caneing, walking, and having picnics.”可知，参与者在蓝色空间参加活动，如观鸟、划独木舟、散步和野餐，帮助了他们放松。由此推知，D选项“在河边散步或在那里看鸟”是对健康有益的。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据“This is actually happening in the UK, ... The results have been very psitive, with participants saying that being in a blue space helps them t relax and t feel less stressed.”可推知，“蓝色处方”在英国投入使用，并取得了很好的效果。故选A。
41．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文作者由绿色空间对人身心健康有益，进而谈到什么是蓝色空间，以及在蓝色空间里进行一些活动也有助于身心健康。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议人们要多享受蓝色空间。故选A。
（2023·北京平谷·统考一模）
Have yu ever heard f ChatGPT? It’s an AI (人工智能) language mdel and is develped by Open AI. It’s designed t understand and prduce human-like texts.
ChatGPT, r “Chatbt Generative Pre-trained Transfrmer”, is an advanced language mdel which is created with cutting-edge (尖端) artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. It’s designed t understand and prduce texts like hw humans d. ChatGPT is based n the GPT series f mdels, and it’s the furth frm that is knwn as GPT-4.
ChatGPT is trained n an extremely large amunt f text data (数据) frm bks, websites, and ther surces. It learns t understand the structure f the language, grammar, and cntext. When yu prvide key wrds abut a text, ChatGPT rganizes the infrmatin in a special rder and makes a respnse, which is based n its knwledge.
The mdel has been trained t use a technique called “unsupervised learning”, which means it’s unnecessary t tell it what t d and hw t d. It learns by bserving patterns and relatinships in the data. This helps ChatGPT t be highly creative and mre suitable.
As a middle schl student, yu may find ChatGPT an excellent resurce fr different kinds f tasks. If yu’re stuck n a prblem r need help t understand a cncept (概念), ChatGPT can prvide explanatins and examples. It can help yu brainstrm ideas, make utlines, and even prfread yur articles t imprve yur writing skills. If yu’re learning a new language, it can help yu practice by making cnversatins r translating phrases. It can als be a surce f entertainment, creating stries, jkes, r even taking part in friendly cnversatins.
ChatGPT is undubtedly a pwerful tl. Hwever, it is imprtant t nte that ChatGPT is nt perfect and may smetimes make respnses that are nt apprpriate r crrect. We shuld use critical thinking skills and evaluate the respnses which are generated by ChatGPT t ensure that they are apprpriate and helpful.
42．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Hw ChatGPT wrks.B．What ChatGPT is.
C．Hw ChatGPT helps yu.D．Why ChatGPT is used.
43．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．ChatGPT cannt help yu relax.
B．We shuld check what we get frm ChatGPT.
C．ChatGPT learns t understand and prduce under directins.
D．N key wrds need t be put in befre ChatGPT starts t wrk
44．The underlined wrd “prfread” in Paragraph 5 prbably means ________.
A．read and crrectB．chse and write
C．practice and createD．remember and understand
45．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．ChatGPT—Train It Prperly and Fllw It
B．ChatGPT—Use It Respnsibly and Enjy It
C．Meet ChatGPT: A Friendly AI Language Mdel fr Yu
D．Welcme, ChatGPT: A Big Change in Cmputer Technlgy save life
【答案】42．A 43．B 44．A 45．C
【导语】本文主要介绍ChatGPT是什么，以及它的作用等。
42．段落大意题。根据“It learns t understand the structure f the language, grammar, and cntext. When yu prvide key wrds abut a text, ChatGPT rganizes the infrmatin in a special rder and makes a respnse ...”可知，ChatGPT能理解语言的结构、语法和语境，当提供关键字给它时，ChatGPT会根据其知识做出响应。由此可知，第三段主要介绍ChatGPT是如何工作的。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据“We shuld use critical thinking skills and evaluate the respnses which are generated by ChatGPT t ensure that they are apprpriate and helpful.”可知，我们需要对ChatGPT生成的响应进行评估，以确保它们是适当的和有用的；由此推知，我们应该检查一下我们从ChatGPT得到的东西。故选B。
44．词句猜测题。根据“It can help yu brainstrm ideas, make utlines, and even prfread yur articles t imprve yur writing skills.”可知，ChatGPT可以帮助你集思广益、制定大纲，以及校对你的文章，以提高你的写作技巧。因此，“prfread”的含义为“校对”，与A选项同义。故选A。
45．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍ChatGPT是什么，以及它的作用等；结合选项，C选项“遇见ChatGPT：一个适合你的友好的AI语言模型”符合语境，为最佳标题。故选C。
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）
Emma’s big game
Emma was very excited. Tday was the champinship (锦标赛) baseball game! Emma really wanted t help her team win a trphy.
She put n her clthes, picked up her baseball glve and talked t herself, “I hpe I get a hit tday.”
Emma was a great hitter in practice, but she had never hit a ball during a game. She almst always struck ut (三振出局).
On the way t the field, Emma kept her head dwn and was silent.
“Are yu feeling kay, Emma?” her mm asked.
“I really dn’t want t strike ut,” Emma said.
“Dn’t wrry! Just keep yur eye n the ball. Yu can d it,” Emma’s mm said.
When the game started, Emma cheered ludly fr her teammates. She caught a fly ball in the utfield t make an ut, and everyne cheered fr her. Emma struck ut when it was her turn t bat (击球), but her team was ding well.
The game was tied, and it was her team’s last chance t scre. Frankie was up first—he hit the ball hard and managed t run t third base. That meant he culd scre and win the game if the next batter gt a gd hit. Next up was Henry, and then Kara, but they bth struck ut. Emma was next up.
Emma culd feel all the eyes n her as she stepped up t the plate. She clsed her eyes and swung (挥) hard, but missed.
“Keep yur eye n the ball, Emma!” her mm called frm the stands.
Emma ndded and stepped back int the batter’s bx. This time she kept her eyes wide pen and tk a deep breath befre she swung the bat.
Crack!
Emma hit the ball! Frankie ran hme and they wn!
“Great game, everyne!” said Emma’s cach later. “Here is yur trphy.”
Emma held the shiny trphy high in the air. She felt very prud f her whle team.
Mst f all, she culdn’t wait t shw her mm the big trphy.
46．On the way t the field, Emma felt ________.
A．shyB．prudC．angryD．wrried
47．What happened after Henry and Kara struck ut?
A．Frankie scred at nce.B．The game stpped fr a while.
C．Emma stepped up t the plate.D．The team lst the chance t win.
48．At the end f the game, Emma was able t get a gd hit because ________.
A．she was praised by her cachB．she fixed her attentin n the ball
C．her friends encuraged her t d wellD．her mm helped her practice baseball
【答案】46．D 47．C 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍艾玛参加棒球比赛的经历。
46．推理判断题。根据“I really dn’t want t strike ut”和“Dn’t wrry!”可知，在去球场的路上，艾玛很担心。故选D。
47．细节理解题。根据“Next up was Henry, and then Kara, but they bth struck ut. Emma was next up.”可知，接下来是亨利，然后是卡拉，但他们都出局了。艾玛是下一个。由此可知，亨利和卡拉出局后，艾玛走到本垒板前。故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据“This time she kept her eyes wide pen and tk a deep breath befre she swung the bat.”可知，这一次，她睁大了眼睛，在挥棒前深吸了一口气。由此推出，艾玛集中注意力在球上，所以能得到一个很好的击球。故选B。
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）
In many ways, ur memries define (定义) ur sense f self. Yu first have a sense f yurself early in life, perhaps as yung as 18 mnths, when yu recgnize that the little baby yu see in the mirrr is really yu, and nt anther child. As yu prgress thrugh childhd and int teenage years, yu start t develp a set f views abut yur identity (身份), including hw yur bdy lks and perfrms, yur abilities, yur persnality and yur place in sciety.
While we are grwing up, we start t create ur wn descriptins abut the events we have gne thrugh, r what I call the “life stry”. Our identities are shaped by ur life stries, as the memries f these stries gradually becme a part f ur sense f self. Of all these memries, the mst imprtant are “self-defining memries”. They are remembered mst clearly and can help t build up ur verall sense f self mst greatly.
Learning t recgnize yur wn self-defining memries can help yu gain imprtant insights abut yur identity. The easiest way t discver yur wn self-defining memries is by thinking abut the events in yur life that yu are mst likely t tell ther peple abut when they say “tell me a little abut yurself”.
Hwever, self-defining memries are always changing as yu experience mre events. They may vary accrding t yur age and what yu care abut in present life.
In a study, scientists cmpared lder adults with cllege students. They fund that lder adults were mre likely t feel mre psitively (正面地) abut their self-defining memries, even if the memries were f events that were negative in nature. A similar study als suggests that lder adults have fund ways t make sense ut f their life stries. They turn memries f trubling events int psitive stries, and in this way, they make peace with their past struggles (挣扎). Fr yunger adults, trubling events cause them t experience mre pain when they recall them. As scientists have discvered, a self-defining memry des nt have t be psitive in rder fr yu t grw frm it. It’s nt the event, but the meaning yu make ut f the event, that affects (影响) yur sense f well-being.
Discvering yur self-defining memries is an imprtant step in dealing with yur life experiences. By recgnizing and making sense ut f past events, yur identity can cntinue t grw and imprve hw yu see yurself, bth nw, and in the future.
49．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Our self-defining memries have little t d with age.
B．Our wn descriptins f life experiences shape ur identity.
C．We shuld share psitive life stries when intrducing urselves.
D．We start t have self-defining memries when we are 18 mnths ld.
50．Frm the studies mentined in Paragraph 5, we knw ________.
A．imprtant events can be changed by time
B．lder adults have few trubling life events
C．making sense ut f memries helps us t grw
D．self-discvery happens during psitive experiences
51．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Self-defining memries: Hw thers get t knw yu
B．Self-defining memries: A cllectin f pleasant memries
C．Self-defining memries: A great way t understand yurself
D．Self-defining memries: Describing yur best self t the wrld
【答案】49．B 50．C 51．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了我们的记忆通过多种方式定义我们的自我意识。
49．细节理解题。根据“Our identities are shaped by ur life stries, as the memries f these stries gradually becme a part f ur sense f self.”可知，我们自己对生活经历的描述塑造了我们的身份。故选B。
50．细节理解题。根据“In a study, scientists cmpared lder adults with cllege students. They fund that lder adults were mre likely t feel mre psitively (正面地) abut their self-defining memries, even if the memries were f events that were negative in nature. A similar study als suggests that lder adults have fund ways t make sense ut f their life stries.”可知，理解记忆有助于我们成长。故选C。
51．最佳标题。根据“By recgnizing and making sense ut f past events, yur identity can cntinue t grw and imprve hw yu see yurself, bth nw, and in the future.”结合全文内容，本文主要讲述了我们的记忆通过多种方式定义我们的自我意识。本文的标题应为“自我定义的记忆：了解自己的好方法”。故选C。
（2023·北京西城·统考一模）
Awe is the feeling we get in the presence f smething vast that challenges ur understanding f the wrld, like lking up at millins f stars in the night sky r shaking hands with a basketball superstar. When peple feel awe, they may use ther wrds t talk abut the experience, such as wnder, amazement r excitement.
We ften think abut awe when we experience uncmmn and extrardinary events, such as viewing a sunrise ver the Grand Canyn r watching Olympians break wrld recrds. But when scientists study peple’s experiences f awe, they suggest awe is als fund in everyday life—watching a gingk tree change frm green t yellw, r seeing a stranger give fd t a hmeless persn.
The feeling f awe affects the way we view urselves. The experience f awe can have a deep influence n ur mental (心理的)health, by allwing us t put ur wrries int perspective. When we are in the presence f smething vast and indescribable, we feel unimprtant, and s d ur wrries. The experience f awe lifts us ut f the cmmn practical thughts that cntrl ur daily lives. and it allws us t have inner peace.
In areas where the ppulatin can easily get t beautiful green spaces, peple reprt greater happiness and gdwill tward thers. A study shwed that lder adults wh tk weekly 15-minute utdr walks in nature fr eight weeks reprted increased psitive emtins and less pain in their daily lives.
Peple in awe are mre likely t shw kindness and feel a greater sense f cnnectin t thers and the wrld. In mments f awe, we direct urselves frm the sense that we are slely (独自地)in cntrl f ur wn future t the feeling we are part f a cmmunity. When we give less attentin t ur wn gals and needs, we are mre likely t be able t ntice thers and what they may be experiencing.
In sum, awe arises when we run int the wnders f life and leads t a disappearing f the self. Stepping utside f neself is a valuable skill. It is pssible t find awe-inspiring mments in all different places. Therefre, actively lk fr the experiences that feed yur wn hunger fr awe, be it thrugh admiring the trees in yur neighbrhd, r seeing the gdness in thers. Take the time t slw dwn and pen yur mind t thse things which yu d nt fully understand. Yu will be the better fr it—and, as yur feelings f awe spread thrugh acts f kindness, s will the rest f us.
52．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Meeting strangers ften brings feelings f excitement.
B．Even cmmn daily events can lead t the feeling f awe.
C．Uncmmn events are usually related t the beauty f nature.
D．Greater happiness can result frm giving urselves mre attentin.
53．The wrds “put ur wrries int perspective” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean “________”.
A．get used t ur wrries cmpletely
B．deal with ur wrries as sn as pssible
C．share ur wrries with family and clse friends
D．understand the actual imprtance f ur wrries
54．A persn wh has just experienced awe will prbably ________.
A．readily reach ut t thse in needB．reprt feeling mre self-imprtant
C．separate himself frm the rest f a grupD．be unwilling t wrk with thers n a team
55．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T shw us ways t understand what awe is.
B．T explain t us hw awe can imprve health.
C．T encurage us t be ready t experience awe.
D．T advise us t free urselves frm the fear f awe.
【答案】52．B 53．D 54．A 55．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了在所有不同的地方都可能找到令人敬畏的时刻，鼓励我们做好体验敬畏的准备。
52．细节理解题。根据“But when scientists study peple’s experiences f awe, they suggest awe is als fund in everyday life—watching a gingk tree change frm green t yellw, r seeing a stranger give fd t a hmeless persn.”可知，即使是平常的日常事件，也会让人产生敬畏感。故选B。
53．词义猜测题。根据“The experience f awe can have a deep influence n ur mental (心理的) health, by allwing us t put ur wrries int perspective.”可知，敬畏的经历能够对我们的心理健康产生深深地影响，我们应该理解我们担忧的重要性，因此该词组表示“理解我们担忧的实际重要性”。故选D。
54．推理判断题。根据“Peple in awe are mre likely t shw kindness and feel a greater sense f cnnectin t thers and the wrld.”可知，心存敬畏的人更容易表现出善意，感受到与他人和世界更大的联系感。由此可知一个刚经历过敬畏的人可能会乐于向有需要的人伸出援手。故选A。
55．主旨大意题。根据“Therefre, actively lk fr the experiences that feed yur wn hunger fr awe, be it thrugh admiring the trees in yur neighbrhd, r seeing the gdness in thers. Take the time t slw dwn and pen yur mind t thse things which yu d nt fully understand. Yu will be the better fr it—and, as yur feelings f awe spread thrugh acts f kindness, s will the rest f us.”及全文可知，本文写作的主要目的是鼓励我们准备好体验敬畏。故选C。
（2023·北京房山·统考二模）
This was ur last trip befre high schl. I had been lking frward t it fr weeks. But at the rller caster, my stmach felt t tight t say anything at all.
The big girl beside us was Tasha, my best friend Dan’s sister. She was a singer. She was fantastic n the stage. Just the image f her up there made me think she was s cl.
Our rller caster car pulled up, and my friends rushed frward, I felt my legs culdn’t mve. All I culd think abut was the rller caster might fly ff int the sky. Withut a wrd, I turned, ran ut f the line. I knew what peple were saying abut me, but I didn’t care. I just kept mving past the crwd, fund a bench ( 长椅 ) near the bathrms t sit dwn and put my head in my hands.
“Hey! Steve! Are yu kay? ” I lked up. It was Tasha!
“Oh, uh, yeah, I just started feeling, um, sick.” I respnded.
“Yu knw, it’s kay if yu were scared. Everyne gets scared.” She said.
“Yu dn’t.” I said in a lw vice. “I’ve seen yu n that stage. Yu were fearless.”
“I’m glad it lks like I’m nt scared!” Tasha smiled. “But that’s nt true. I get really scared and nervus befre I perfrm.”
Befre I nticed she was n the bench by my side, her wrds mved n.
“Hey, lk, singing is imprtant t me. And I want t share what I lve with my peple. S, even if I’m scared. I d it anyway. I push thrugh the fear and just get up and d it. Is taking rller caster imprtant t yu?”
“Yeah, it is. And I want t be able t lk back and remember having fun with my friends. I dn’t want t remember running away and sitting alne by the bathrms.”
“Everyne gets scared, but brave peple dn’t let fear cntrl them.” She lked int my eyes. Still being lst in what she said, I saw my friends cming twards me.
I gt up and went with them t the caster.
When we were leaving, Tasha tk a pht f my big smile in frnt f the caster. I put it n my dr. It stayed there thrugh all fur years f my high schl, a reminder f what was mre imprtant t me than fear.
56．What prblem did Steve have n this trip?
A．He was t tired t say anything.B．He was scared t sing n the stage.
C．He brke his leg and culdn’t mve.D．He was afraid t get n the rller caster.
57．With Tasha’s cmfrt, Steve decided t________.
A．sit alneB．jin in the fun
C．run awayD．practice singing
58．Why did Steve put the pht n his dr?
A．It was his nly pht befre high schl.
B．It encuraged him t be brave in the future.
C．It shwed his big smile in frnt f the caster.
D．It was a pht abut the last trip befre high schl.
【答案】56．D 57．B 58．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了高中前的最后一次旅行，但是过山车还是让她很恐惧。在与Tasha对话之后，她终于克服了恐惧心理，没有让自己留有遗憾。
56．细节理解题。根据“But at the rller caster, my stmach felt t tight t say anything at all.”可知，但在过山车上，史提夫感觉太紧张，什么也说不出来。故选D。
57．推理判断题。根据“I gt up and went with them t the caster.”可知，有了塔莎的安慰史提夫决定去加入其中坐过山车，故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据“It stayed there thrugh all fur years f my high schl, a reminder f what was mre imprtant t me than fear.”可知，照片提醒史提夫什么对他来说比恐惧更重要。选项B“这鼓励他将来要勇敢”符合题意，故选B。
（2023·北京房山·统考二模）
It’s hard t say n t hamburgers, French fries and all f the ther junk fd. Hwever, eating t much junk fd can harm yur bdy, especially if yu’re between the ages f 10 and 19. “Junk fd shapes teenage brains in ways that harm their ability t think, learn and remember. It can als make it harder t cntrl impulsive (冲动的 ) behavirs,” said Amy Reichelt, at Western University, Canada. “It may even raise a teen’s risk f mental (精神上的) prblems.”
Reichelt and tw ther researchers reviewed mre than 100 studies, abut hw pr fd chices can affect teenage brains. They fund teenagers are mre sensitive (敏感的) than any ther age grup t fds with a lt f fat and sugar as their brains are nt yet fully frmed.
Teenage brains are still develping the ability t ntice risks and cntrl actins. The prefrntal crtex (前额皮质) is the part f the brain that tells us we shuldn’t eat chips all the time and helps us cntrl urselves. Hwever, this part desn’t fully develp until we are in ur early 20s.
Meanwhile, teen brains get mre excited frm rewards (奖励). The parts f the brain that make us feel gd when we d smething enjyable — like eating tasty fds — are fully develped by the teen years.
In fact, these parts are even mre sensitive when we are yung. That’s because dpamine (多巴胺 ), a natural chemical that makes us feel happy when we experience smething gd, is especially active in teenage brains.
Therefre, the teen brain has tw attacks against it when it cmes t saying n t junk fd. “It has an increased drive fr rewards and reduced self-cntrl,” said Reichelt.
Reichelt and her team did their wn study using mice, whse brains develp much like ur wn. They discvered that “teenage” mice that had high-fat fds perfrmed wrse n memry tests than thse eating nrmal fds. Researchers said the high-fat fds may make the mice’s prefrntal crtex wrk less effectively.
S, what’s the best way t say n t junk fd? The answer is exercise. When we exercise, the brain becmes less sensitive t fd, besides this, it als helps ur brains grw and becme better able t make wise decisins and cntrl ur behavirs.
59．What des the first paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．What prblems are caused by junk fd.
B．What junk fd teenagers like mst.
C．Hw junk fd harms teenage brains.
D．Hw junk fd shapes teenage brains.
60．What can we learn frm the studies mentined in the passage?
A．Teenagers are less sensitive than any ther age grup t junk fd.
B．Junk fd may make peple’s prefrntal crtex wrk less effectively.
C．Dpamine helps ur brains becme better able t make wise decisins.
D．The prefrntal crtex makes us happy when we d smething enjyable.
61．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Teenage BrainsB．Healthy Fd fr Teenagers
C．Fd fr ThughtD．Exercise: the Best fr Brains
【答案】59．A 60．B 61．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲了科学家的一项研究，研究表明垃圾食品对青年期孩子们大脑的伤害。
59．主旨大意题。根据“ ‘Junk fd shapes teenage brains in ways that harm their ability t think, learn and remember. It can als make it harder t cntrl impulsive (冲动的) behavirs,’ said Amy Reichelt, at Western University, Canada. ‘It may even raise a teen’s risk f mental (精神上的) prblems.’”可知，垃圾食品塑造了青少年的大脑，损害了他们的思考、学习和记忆能力。它还使控制冲动行为变得更加困难。可能增加青少年出现心理问题的风险。所以第一段在论述垃圾食品造成的问题，故选A。
60．推理判断题。根据“They discvered that ‘teenage’ mice that had high-fat fds perfrmed wrse n memry tests than thse eating nrmal fds. Researchers said the high-fat fds may make the mice’s prefrntal crtex wrk less effectively.”可知，吃高脂肪食物的“青少年”小鼠在记忆力测试中的表现比吃正常食物的小鼠差。研究人员表示，高脂肪食物可能会降低老鼠前额叶皮层的工作效率。老鼠的大脑发育与我们的大脑非常相似，所以研究表明垃圾食品可能会降低人们前额叶皮层的工作效率。故选B。
61．最佳标题。文章主要讲垃圾食品对青少年的大脑有害，告诉我们造成这一问题的原因及如何控制吃垃圾食品的冲动。选项C符合文意。故选C。
（2023·北京房山·统考二模）
Humans are getting away frm the nature gradually because f the develping technlgy. But nw Digital (数字的) Technlgy is ffering us an pprtunity t listen t the sunds in the nature in pwerful ways, making us get clser t the wrlds f animals and plants.
All arund the nature, there are sunds that we struggle t pick up and understand. Elephants, fr example, cmmunicate with each ther using infrasund, a sund far belw ur human hearing range. Cral (珊瑚) in the cean als cmmunicates with each ther thrugh sund waves, with ne purpse f attracting baby cral t areas where it can successfully grw. This is a shcking fact as cral desn’t have any ears!
T pick up sunds humans are nrmally unable t hear, scientists have placed listening devices (装置) in these envirnments. Researchers have attached (连接) tiny micrphnes t hneybees (蜜蜂) and turtles, and stuck listening psts that can receive different sund waves frm cral reefs (礁) and trees. These devices are cntrlled by cmputers and netwrked with digital sensrs and satellites. When intercnnected, these digital devices wrk like a hearing aid (助听器): enabling humans t bserve and recrd nature’s sunds beynd the limits f ur wn listening ability. After the sunds are recrded, AI is then able t determine their meanings.
With this technlgy, humans can nt nly understand the animals, but als cmmunicate back t them. Fr example, a team f researchers in Germany decded the hneybees’ behavir with AI. Then they taught tiny rbts hw t d the hneybee dance. Using these dancing machines, the scientists were able t rder the hneybees t stp mving, and t cmmunicate where t fly t cllect a specific nectar. In additin t the pssibility f speaking with animals, the research culd als be used t create a frm f healing fr animals and plants. That’s t say, in the near future, scientists might be able t get cral t grw in certain areas by playing “healthy reef” sunds, which culd help sme f the damage we have caused t becme healthy again.
Nw, Digital Technlgy prvides a new way fr humans t listen t the lively sunds all arund us. The dream f allwing humans t cmmunicate with different animals and plants thrughut the nature is being n its way.
62．Which f the fllwing is NOT true abut listening devices?
A．AI can help t explain the meanings f nature’s sunds.
B．The hearing aid cllects the sunds frm the animals r plants.
C．Scientists need t cnnect the devices with cmputers and netwrks.
D．The devices can recrd nature’s sunds beynd peple’s listening ability.
63．The wrd “healing” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “ ________ ”.
A．feedingB．killingC．repairingD．designing
64．What can yu infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Scientists are likely t discver a new way f recrding.
B．Humans will have better cmmunicatin with the nature.
C．It’s pssible fr peple t dance with the hneybee tgether.
D．Digital Technlgy can be used t cmmunicate with anything.
65．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T discuss hw t cntrl listening devices.
B．T cmpare different ways fr cmmunicatin.
C．T intrduce a technlgy t get clser t the nature.
D．T suggest hw t imprve peple’s listening ability.
【答案】62．B 63．C 64．B 65．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过放置监听设备来倾听生物的声音，为我们提供一个强有力的方式倾听非人类的声音的机会，让我们更接近动物和植物世界。
62．细节理解题。根据“T pick up sunds humans are nrmally unable t hear, scientists have placed listening devices (装置) in these envirnments. Researchers have attached (连接) tiny micrphnes t hneybees (蜜蜂) and turtles, and stuck listening psts that can receive different sund waves frm cral reefs (礁) and trees.”可知，为了拾取人类通常听不到的声音，科学家们在这些环境中放置了监听设备。研究人员在蜜蜂和海龟身上安装了微型麦克风，并安装了监听柱，可以接收来自珊瑚礁和树木的不同声波。所以助听器可以收集动物或植物发出的声音。故选B。
63．词句猜测题。根据“That’s t say, in the near future, scientists might be able t get cral t grw in certain areas by playing ‘healthy reef’ sunds, which culd help sme f the damage we have caused t becme healthy again.”可知，在不久的将来，科学家们可能能够通过播放“健康的珊瑚礁”声音，让珊瑚在某些地区生长，这可能有助于我们造成的一些破坏恢复良好。healing意为“修复，治疗”，与repairing同义，故选C。
64．推理判断题。根据“Nw, Digital Technlgy prvides a new way fr humans t listen t the lively sunds all arund us. The dream f allwing humans t cmmunicate with different animals and plants thrughut the nature is being n its way.”可知，数字技术为人类聆听周围生动的声音提供了一种新的方式；由此推知，数字技术让人类与自然界中不同的动植物交流的梦想正在实现。故选B。
65．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了科学家通过放置监听设备来倾听生物的声音，为我们提供一个强有力的方式倾听非人类的声音的机会，让我们更接近动物和植物世界。选项C“引进一种技术来接近大自然”符合题意，故选C。
（2023·北京丰台·统考二模）
Sme f my earliest memries invlve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came hme. I’d watch as he put his persnal items away: his watch, wallet and cmb wuld always take up the same spt (位置) n the table.
Dad’s cmb was green. Every night, he wuld smile, hand me the cmb and say: “Be a gd girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?” I was mre than happy t d it. Every time I prudly returned the cmb t Dad, he wuld smile at me, and place it n tp f his wallet.
Abut tw years later, Dad started his wn business.
That was when things started t change. Dad’s business wasn’t ding s well. He didn’t cme hme as much as he used t — just a cuple f times a week. And when he did cme hme, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started t get mad. Why didn’t he listen t Mum and just stick t his ld jb? Over the years, I stpped waiting fr him t cme hme.
Tday, I’m n lnger a kid. Dad’s business has als started t get back n track (轨道). Tw days ag, Dad came hme early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags int his study. When I turned t leave, he said: “Hey, wuld yu like t help me clean my cmb? It’s been a while since I last cleaned it.” I lked at him a while, then tk the cmb and headed t the sink (水槽).
It’s a new cmb. I punch a few drps f sap and brush the cmb. It hits me then: why, as a child, helping my dad clean his cmb was such a jy. That traditin meant that my dad was hme early t spend the evening with Mum and I. It meant he wuld play games with me. It meant a happy and lving family.
I pass the clean cmb back t Dad. He lks at it and smiles. But this time, I ntice smething different. My dad has aged, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as befre. The smile f a father wh just wants a gd life fr his family.
Dad carefully places his cmb n tp f his wallet. After s many years, he still rganises his persnal items in the same way. I guess sme things never change.
66．The writer was happy t ________ when she was a little girl.
A．sit with her dad in his studyB．help her dad clean the cmb
C．watch her dad put items awayD．carry Dad’s bag int his study
67．Hw did the writer feel after Dad started his wn business?
A．Lnely and nervus.B．Bred and calm.
C．Wrried and tired.D．Mad and upset.
68．The writer realised that ________ at last.
A．sme family traditins shuld be cntinued
B．kids shuld help parents d sme husewrk
C．her father’s lve t the family has never changed
D．persnal items shuld always be in a fixed place
【答案】66．B 67．D 68．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者与其父亲的感人故事。
66．细节理解题。根据原文“he wuld smile, hand me the cmb and say: ‘Be a gd girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?’”可知，父亲会让小时候的作者帮忙清理梳子。故选B。
67．细节理解题。根据原文“And when he did cme hme, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started t get mad”可知，当作者的父亲开始创业之后，作者生气和苦恼了。故选D。
68．推理判断题。根据原文“My dad has aged, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as befre. The smile f a father wh just wants a gd life fr his family”可推断，作者父亲对家人的爱一直未变。故选C。
（2023·北京丰台·统考二模）
The term eclgy (生态) cmes frm a Greek wrd that means “the study f the huse”. Eclgy is the study f hw all living things interact (相互影响) with their envirnments. In a way, Earth is the huse f all living things. We all live tgether n this planet and it is ur hme. Tday, we als understand eclgy t mean taking care f Earth s that humans, plants and animals can all thrive(兴盛). Hwever, we can damage the envirnment. Smetimes the damage cannt be changed back t what it was befre.
Eclgy is a huge area f study. It cvers every part f a living creature’s ecsystem that affects(影响) its ability t live. Eclgy cnsiders hw a living thing reacts t climate and sil cnditins. It als studies hw much clean water is available (可用的) and the amunt f natural resurces. By learning abut hw living things, including humans, affect each ther, we can make smart decisins that prtect all living things and the resurces they need.
There are many things that children can d t help make sure that their wrld stays healthy. The decisins yu are making tday can affect the future.
Cnservatin(节约) is ne area f eclgy where we can all make a difference. It des nt matter hw ld we are r where we live. Cnservatin means using Earth’s limited resurces wisely s that they dn’t run ut. When yu are hme, take a mment t think abut hw yu use resurces. Many peple waste resurces. Leaking tilets, half-filled dishwashers r clthes washers, and unattended hses all waste precius water. If yu leave lights n and appliances running in rms where they are nt being used, yu are wasting energy.
There’s anther way we can help cnserve Earth’s resurces. We can shw ur supprt f businesses that make their prducts using methds and materials that d nt damage Earth. By buying their prducts, we are telling them that we appreciate (感谢) their effrts t be Earth-friendly.
We need t take the time t learn abut hw t save resurces. Mre imprtantly, we must then put int practice what we learn. Children can d their part. They can shw their families sme ways t save resurces. Tgether, we can all make a difference.
69．What can we learn abut eclgy?
A．It shws hw t use clean water n Earth.
B．It cvers every part f all living creatures.
C．It studies hw many natural resurces available.
D．It cnsiders hw climate and sil cnditins change.
70．The writer may agree that ________.
A．we shuld learn hw t save resurces and take actins
B．we need t d many things t help make smart decisins
C．we had better use up Earth’s limited resurces fr better life
D．we can buy mre prducts t shw ur supprt f businesses
71．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Eclgy: Using Resurces WiselyB．Eclgy: Buying Green Prducts
C．Eclgy: Taking Care f EarthD．Eclgy: Affecting Each Other
【答案】69．C 70．A 71．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了生态一词，以及生态背后的含义。
69．细节理解题。根据“Eclgy cnsiders hw a living thing reacts t climate and sil cnditins. It als studies hw much clean water is available (可用的) and the amunt f natural resurces”可知生态可以研究有多少自然资源可用。故选C。
70．推理判断题。根据“Cnservatin(节约) is ne area f eclgy where we can all make a difference.”（节约是一个我们都可以有所作为的生态学领域）以及“Many peple waste resurces. Leaking tilets, half-filled dishwashers r clthes washers, and unattended hses all waste precius water. If yu leave lights n and appliances running in rms where they are nt being used, yu are wasting energy.”（许多人浪费资源。漏水的马桶，半满的洗碗机或洗衣机，无人看管的水管，都在浪费宝贵的水。如果你在不用的房间里开着灯，开着电器，你就是在浪费能源。）可知A选项“我们应该学会如何节约资源并采取行动”是作者所同意的，故选A。
71．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了生态一词，以及生态背后的含义，选项C“生态学：爱护地球”符合，故选C。
（2023·北京丰台·统考二模）
On 20 July 1969, the wrld celebrated an imprtant mment in histry when American astrnaut, Neil Armstrng, became the first man t walk n the mn, making a giant leap fr humanity. Fr mre than 50 years, human beings have tried many times t understand the space envirnment. These effrts have paid ff. Tday, we are in a better psitin t understand ur universe in which we live, thanks t space explratin.
Space explratin has triggered advances in science and technlgy which have benefitted humans and imprved the quality f life n Earth. These benefits are related t space technlgy such as satellite cmmunicatins, glbal psitining system(GPS) and weather frecasting. The develpment f satellite technlgy, fr instance, makes telecmmunicatins pssible, cnnecting peple frm different parts f the wrld thrugh satellite televisin, phnes, radi and Internet access. Tday, space technlgy als enables us t have virtual (虚拟的) meetings and lessns, making wrk and study frm hme pssible during the Cvid-19 pandemic.
With the excitement and curisity generated (产生), space explratin is attracting yung peple t careers in engineering, science, technlgy and mathematics, which creates innvatins (创新) in science and technlgy. In cuntries such as America, Canada and Eurpe, space explratin has als generated jbs in fields related t engineering, technlgy and science. Even if interested yungsters d nt end up in a jb in these areas, space technlgy enriches their imaginatin abut the pssibility f life beynd Earth and space travel. T this end, space explratin cntinues t encurage human imaginatin, inspiring (激励) peple t write stries and create mvies, phtgraphs and sngs abut space explratin.
Althugh there are many benefits, space explratin has ften been criticized (批评)fr its high cst. Accrding t the University f Flrida, it csts abut $500 millin t launch (发射) a space shuttle and many argue that this mney culd be better spent n slving the prblems n Earth such as hunger, pllutin, diseases and climate change. Althugh space explratin cannt directly prvide immediate slutins t these prblems, it generates many useful technlgies and new knwledge in sciences necessary t imprve the cnditins f human life n Earth.
Every year, abut a thusand innvatins in the space prgrammes find their way int earthly technlgy that leads t better farming; better medical instruments; and mre energy-efficient vehicles(交通工具). As a result, the mney spent n space explratin des finally benefit human beings.
There is n dubt that space explratin has prduced many benefits fr humanity. It has als encuraged many t understand Earth and the universe in a deeper way. In the cming decade, we can cntinue t expect mre exciting discveries. We may eventually even find anther planet where humans can live.
72．The wrds “triggered advances” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean” ________” .
A．led t great prgressB．slwed dwn the speed
C．set back future grwthD．caught up the develpment
73．What des Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．The benefits created by space explratin.
B．The high-tech jbs generated by space explratin.
C．The imaginative art wrks inspired by space explratin.
D．The abilities yungsters develped thrugh space explratin.
74．Accrding t the writer, the mney spent n space explratin ________.
A．slves the wrst prblems n Earth directly
B．benefits humans thrugh space prgrammes
C．fails t imprve the cnditins f human life
D．limits the develpment f earthly technlgy
75．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T intrduce technlgy prgrammes in space explratin.
B．T cmpare different jbs generated by space explratin.
C．T present the benefits brught by space explratin.
D．T encurage peple t carry n space explratin.
【答案】72．A 73．A 74．B 75．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了太空探索引发了科学技术的进步，造福了人类，提高了地球上的生活质量。
72．词义猜测题。根据“which have benefitted humans and imprved the quality f life n Earth”（造福人类，提高地球上的生活质量）可知太空探索引发了科学技术的进步，所以“triggered advances”和“led t great prgress”同义，故选A。
73．段落大意题。根据“With the excitement and curisity generated (产生), space explratin is attracting yung peple t careers in engineering, science, technlgy and mathematics, which creates innvatins (创新) in science and technlgy.”以及“T this end, space explratin cntinues t encurage human imaginatin, inspiring (激励) peple t write stries and create mvies, phtgraphs and sngs abut space explratin”可知第三段主要讲述了太空探索带来的好处。故选A。
74．细节理解题。根据“ mney culd be better spent n slving the prblems n Earth such as hunger, pllutin, diseases and climate change. Althugh space explratin cannt directly prvide immediate slutins t these prblems, it generates many useful technlgies and new knwledge in sciences necessary t imprve the cnditins f human life n Earth.”可知作者认为，花在太空探索上的钱通过太空计划使人类受益。故选B。
75．推理判断题。根据“There is n dubt that space explratin has prduced many benefits fr humanity. It has als encuraged many t understand Earth and the universe in a deeper way. In the cming decade, we can cntinue t expect mre exciting discveries. We may eventually even find anther planet where humans can live.”（毫无疑问，太空探索给人类带来了许多好处。它还鼓励许多人以更深入的方式了解地球和宇宙。在接下来的十年里，我们可以继续期待更多令人兴奋的发现。我们甚至可能最终找到另一个人类可以居住的星球。）可推知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们进行太空探索。故选D。
A．Wild ArtThis curse is abut drawing and painting. Yu’ll use yur new skills t make a wall pster f animals. And we’ve gt lts f picture bks t give yu ideas.
B．Art MattersThis curse teaches yu different drawing skills. We’ll get yu t draw the latest styles f clthes. If yu like designing clthes and want t study it at cllege, jin us!
C． Creative ArtThis curse is abut making bags t keep yur sprts clthes in. We prvide lts f materials. And yu’ll visit art museums t get sme creative ideas.
D．Art MagicThis curse is abut telling gd stries in pictures. There’ll be cartn films t watch and instructin in hw t draw yur favrite characters.
My rle mdel is my neighbr Ms. Li. She is in her eighties nw but she is still yung at heart. I ften see her riding her bike in the park and she als spends time ding vlunteer wrk. She helps me understand that peple wn’t be ld if they still have a great lve fr life.Adam
I miss Mrs. White mst after primary schl. She was ur math teacher and always patient with us. She helped us t wrk ut the answers urselves, n matter hw difficult the questins were. S Mrs. White is my rle mdel, and I want t be a teacher like her in the future.Betty
Nrman Bethune was a Canadian dctr. In 1938, Dr. Bethune came t China and helped treat the wunded. He ften wrked very hard withut resting. Once, he managed t save ver ne hundred lives in sixty-nine hurs. He is still remembered in bth China and Canada tday. S he is my rle mdel.Peter
Yuan Lngping is my rle mdel. He is ne f the greatest agricultural (农业的) scientists f ur time. He wrked hard t grw better rice t slve the prblems f fd shrtage. It is sad that Mr. Yuan has left us, but his dreams are carried by many plant and agricultural researches.Emma
Saving Pandas
When Jack was 11, he started a grup t teach kids abut pandas. He als sld ty pandas t raise mney t prtect pandas in danger. “I hpe t encurage mre peple t care abut pandas,” Jack says.
Grwing Right
Kathy, 14, set up an rganizatin t educate peple abut grwing right plant in right places. She als wrte a bk t help peple learn what plants are native t (本土的)their area.
Creating Energy
At the age f 12, Linda invented a machine called SuperE. It cllects heat frm fields t make electricity(电), Linda says her inventin creates electricity in a way that is less harmful t the envirnment.
Cleaning Up
Patrick, 13, jined the Ocean Heres Camp last year. He started a prject and picked up plastic waste arund nearby lakes with his friends. The gal f the prject was t fight plastic pllutin.
Helping Senirs(老年人)
Matt
Psted 5 / 15 / 20 4：53PM
I created Teens Helping Senirs with my friends. The grup has abut 200 vlunteers. The vlunteers deliver fd r ther supplies fr the elderly in twn. I spend six t eight hurs a week buying fd and making deliveries. By nw we have cmpleted 350 deliveries.
Linda
Psted 5/ 15 / 20 6：25PM
I rganized Mittler Senir Technlgy, a prgram t help the elderly learn hw t use cmputers and smartphnes. Nw there are 50 lcal senirs in the weekly technlgy classes. I want t make sure that the senirs culd stay cnnected t the wrld.
Jrdan
Psted 5 /16 /20 5:20PM
I came up with a way t help lnely senirs with my friends. We call it the Jy 4 All Prject. By dialing 569-4255, the elderly can hear pre-recrded jkes and pems. The htline has received mre than 1, 800 phne calls.
Kathy
Psted 5 / 16 /20 7:46PM
I heard that the senirs in the nursing hme culdn’t see their families and friends very ften, s my friends and I decided t cheer up the elderly by writing them letters. We want them t knw that nbdy is being frgtten. By nw mre than 100 students in my schl have jined us.
Mike, Canada
I spent three mnths with my hst family(接待家庭) in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able t experience Chinese living and culture
frm basic Tai Chi t Beijing Opera. I even visited a famus traditinal Chinese medicine hspital. Nw I have a better understanding f Chinese culture.
Janna, Australia
I stayed with my hst family fr five mnths. My hst mther is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help
my Chinese has imprved a lt. And I have gt used t a new culture. My favrite part f the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her.
Bill, America
My hst mther is a wnderful ck! She makes me all kinds f traditinal Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me
my hst parents lve t learn abut different cultures. They ften ask me questins abut life in America.
Cindy, Germany
Recently I tk part in a prgram t study Chinese. I lived with a hst family in China fr six mnths. My hst sister is a really hardwrking student. It was amazing t see hw she made prgress in English. And a clse relatinship has develped between us.
1 the Lin Dance
2 the Duanwu Festival
3 Wushu
A．It keeps peple healthy.
B．It can help peple t enjy fishes!
C． Racing dragn bat has a lng histry.
D．Peple pray fr gd luck, safety and happiness.
4 Peter has learnt a lt abut cllecting and dividing waste at schl. He hpes t see hw waste is recycled in persn.
5 Lily and her friends are members f the schl gardening club. They want t beautify their classrm with plants and flwers.
6 Michael is a fan f science technlgy. He likes ding interesting experiments abut the daily use f clean energy.
A．Hst a slar ckut
Interested in sun pwer? Yu can build yur wn sun vens (炉子) here and try t ck sme fd using the sun. We are sure yu will remember the fun, hands-n science lessn fr years t cme. And it may encurage yu t cme up with mre ways t use slar energy in daily life.
B．Visit a recycling center r a landfill
Bred with written knwledge abut waste srting? Yu can take a field trip t a landfill r a recycling center. Visiting a landfill will help yu t see hw much waste is cllected. And a recycling center trip can shw yu hw peple’s effrts pay ff.
C． Reuse in creative ways
Wndering hw t make yur classrm greener? Here is a wnderful idea. Yu can invite yur classmates t put sme easy-t-grw plants int plastic bttles and hang them arund the classrm with rpes. Yu are giving the ld bttles a new life as well!
7 . J is gd at cking and wuld really like the chance t learn new ways t ck frm an expert.
8 . Archie really enjys watching films. He lves his dg and wuld like t find a festival that allws pets.
9 . Rsa is interested in mdern dance music. She wants t understand the technlgy behind the music mre.
A．Wrld Fd FestivalFd lvers, this is yur festival. Cme and discver a variety f tastes frm different cuntries. Jenny Mrell, writer f this year’s best-selling cake baking bk will be giving a class. Yu’ll need t bk yur place quickly fr that. Yu can buy cpies f her cking bk after the class.
B．Pet Festival
Yu’ll be amazed by sme f the animals at ur festival this year. We have the usual “Strangest pet” cmpetitin and it’s a gd pprtunity t bring yur pet and get advice n training. Lk ut fr ur special guest, t, the famus rbt dg, Wfer, frm this summer’s hit mvie Dgs in Space!
C． Theatre Festival
It’s back again! Our famus internatinal theatre festival. All ur big theatres will be invlved. Yu can walk thrugh the city center and find sme street perfrmances fr free, and even get invlved—ideal if yu’ve always wanted t be n stage!
D．Science Festival
Fr all yu yung scientists, cme and get yur hands n the latest technlgy at this year’s festival. There’s a special fcus n electrnic music and the chance t try making yur wn music, if that’s nt enugh, yu can be sure t be amazed by ur rbt theatre perfrmance.
10
Lving yur jb will make yu lk frward t the week ahead. Try t find smething psitive in yur wrkplace. It culd be a friend, a partner, r the wrk yu d in general.
11
Fr example, plan a night ut fr films r dinner n weekends. This wuld be a treat yu wuldn’t have in the fllwing days f the week. This way, yu will knw that even if yu’re wrking hard, yu will have smething gd waiting fr yu at the end f the week.
G t bed early n Sunday night.
Yur mind will react (反应) quickly n Mnday mrning. If yu wake up early, yu will have mre time t get ready fr the day.
12
Befre yu leave yur wrkplace r schl n Friday, yu shuld take care f all the things yu need, s yu wn’t be s stressed n Mnday mrning. S yu can start the week right.