2024宜春丰城九中高三上学期12月月考试题英语含解析

这是一份2024宜春丰城九中高三上学期12月月考试题英语含解析，共39页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷总分值为150分 考试时长为120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did Fred have fr breakfast tday?
A. Bread and an egg.B. Bread and an apple.C. A banana and an apple.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman think f herself?
A. Outging.B. Shy.C. Cnfident.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the wman meet the man?
A. At 6:00.B. At 6:45.C. At 7:30.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What may cause the wman truble?
A. Missing a class.B. Having dinner utside.C. Getting back hme t late.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking abut?
A. A teacher.B. A task.C. A mvie.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What d the speakers bth agree?
A. It was an enjyable evening.
B. They had an expensive meal.
C. The fd was very delicius.
7. What des the man think f the music?
A. Relaxing.B. Embarrassing.C. Special.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What kind f peple des Lndn Week need?
A. Advertisers.B. Reprters.C. Sales representatives.
9. Hw much did Lisa earn mnthly in her last jb?
A. 2,500 punds.B. 3,000 punds.C. 3,500 punds.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Why des the wman talk t the man?
A. T ask fr his help.
B. T invite him t the music festival.
C. T intrduce a flk band t him.
11. When will the speakers g t get tickets?
A. On Friday.B. On Saturday.C. On Sunday.
12. What is the mst imprtant fr the speakers t get tickets?
A. Arriving by 6:00 a.m.B. Taking smething t sit n.C. Lining up in the park.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. Wh is the wman staying with nw?
A. Her mther.B. Her father.C. Her sister.
14. What will the man d in the evening?
A. Visit the wman.B. Wrk n his prject.C. Stay with his relatives.
15. Hw will the man g t the wman’s huse?
A. By bus.B. By bike.C. By car.
16. When des the cnversatin take place?
A. In the mrning.B. At nn.C. In the afternn.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Where is Cpers?
A. On the edge f twn.B. Behind a market.C. Near the cllege.
18. What is the gd pint abut Shpsmart?
A. The price.B. The psitin.C. Transprt.
19. What can peple buy in Mass?
A. Fruit and vegetables.B. Files and pens.C. Suvenirs.
20. What d we knw abut the museum in Newtwn?
A. It has its wn shp.B. It is clsed n Sunday.C. It prvides parking spaces.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Have yu ever been int a cave? If nt, please fllw us and explre sme f the mst beautiful caves frm arund the wrld!
Marble Caves
Lcated in the center f Lake General Carrera, the Marble Caves in Chic, Chile, are nly accessible by bat. The surrunding crystal clear waters allw visitrs t see the rck frmatins beneath them while the rck ceilings abve change clr (depending n the writer levels and the seasn). The best time t visit: during sunrise and sunset, when the sun’s rays light up the cave walls, making it an experience t remember.
Reed Flute Cave
Reed F1ute Cave knwn as “the Palace f Natural Arts” is lcated in the nrthwest f Guilin in suthern China. The limestne cave ffers a grand fairyland f stalactites (钟乳石), stne pillars, stne curtains, birds, plants and animals in fantastic shapes and clrs.
Fingal’s Cave
This incredible sea cave is lcated n the uninhabited island f Staffa in Sctland. The cave’s size, shape, and naturally – arched (拱形的) rf cmbine with the waves t create strange sunds that enhance its cathedral - like atmsphere.
The Blue Grtt
The Blue Grtt is the symbl f Capri. It is a sea cave fund n the cast f the island and is a well-knwn spt t all wh visit the area. This cave is unique fr its brilliant blue light which cmes frm tw surces: the entrance t the cave and a bigger hle beneath the entrance. When viewed frm inside the cave, the entrance appears as a brilliant white light just abve the waterline, while the underwater hle, which is the larger surce f light, prvides a blue light.
21. Why is sunset the best time t visit Marble Caves?
A. Because bats are nly available at sunset.
B. Because it has the mst beautiful scenery.
C. Because it is surrunded by clear waters.
D. Because it has enugh light in it.
22. Which cave will yu g t if yu want t enjy the strange sund?
A. Reed Flute Cave.B. Marble Caves.
C. The Blue Grtt.D. Fingal’s Cave.
23. What is special abut the Blue Grtt?
A. Bright blue lightB. Varius plants and animals.
C. Unique underwater hle.D. Strange sunds.
B
Super Typhn Rai (knwn as “Odette” in the Philippines) made landfall n Siarga Island in sutheastern Philippines at 1:30 pm lcal time n Thursday, December 16. The typhn was the 15th strm t hit the cuntry in 2021 and was the strngest strm f 2021. Almst 16 millin Filipins were facing threats including strng winds, heavy rains, flding, landslides, displacement and risking lss f life, hme, livelihd and agriculture. Arund 700,000 f them were children.
UNICEF (United Natins Internatinal Children’s Emergency Fund) expressed deep cncern fr children and families at risk and annunced its cmmitment t prviding supprt t the Philippine gvernment. Reyn Ambag was ne f the children wh were rescued during the typhn.
12-year-ld Reyn Ambag is a grade 7 student living n the island f Siarga. He ges t schl in San Isidr Natinal High Schl which is lcated in the Municipality f San Isidr. With Values Educatin as his favrite subject in schl, Reyn is always ready t help thers.
Reyn is raised by his mther wh is a single parent and runs a retail stre alne. Aside frm his mther, his cusin has als been living with them t help ut in the absence f Reyn’s father. Reyn’s mther prvides fr all three f them. She is able t supprt their daily needs and Reyn’s schling by the incme she gets frm the small retail stre.
During Typhn Odette, Reyn’s family stayed inside the cmfrt rm f the schl where they were evacuated (疏散) t. There, he witnessed thrugh the windw hw the strng winds f the typhn destryed the area. They stayed there until the strm subsided and it was safe fr them t g ut. Upn returning t their hme, they were astnished t find that their huse was damaged due t the fallen trees.
After bserving the delays in restring the electricity in their cmmunity, Reyn wanted t pursue a related jb in the future. “I want t be an electrician smeday s that if a pwer cut wuld happen because f a typhn, I wuld be able t help in restring it fr free,” said Reyn.
24. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Different types f natural disasters.
B The intrductin f a typhn and its threats.
C. Histrical data f the strngest typhns.
D. The gvernment’s reactin t Super Typhn Rai.
25. Where des Reyn’s schling fees cme frm?
A. His father.B. His cusin.C. His family stre.D. His part-time jb.
26. What des the underlined wrd “subsided” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Brke int.B. Fell apart.C. Went ver.D. Died dwn.
27. Why did Reyn intend t becme an electrician?
A. T make mney t supprt his family.
B. T reward the cmmunity with his wrk.
C. T restre pwer in time after typhns.
D. T meet his mther’s expectatins f him.
C
Wmen in pst-pregnancy tend t respnd slwer t the utside wrld than they did befre. In the West, this phenmenn is called “pregnancy brain”. In China, peple describe it as “wmen are slwer and less sharp fr three years after giving birth.” Hwever, studies shwed that they are nt less sharp. Rather, their brains are becming better wired fr parenting at the cst f memry.
In their 2016 research, Elseline Hekzema and her team frm the Netherlands scanned 25 wmen’s brains befre and during pregnancy. The MRI results shwed that there was a decrease in the amunt f expectant mthers’ grey matter in their brains, which is respnsible fr multiple functins, including muscle cntrl, emtins, speech and memry.
The decrease in grey matter isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Hekzema cmpared it with the drp in the grey matter f teenagers during puberty (青春期). Accrding t a previus study, during puberty, teenagers’ hrmnes cause a reductin in unnecessary synapses (突触), the cnnectins between nerve cells. This prcess makes the brain wrk mre efficiently. Likewise, the reductin f grey matter in new mthers’ brains might lead t greater parenting abilities.
The changes in the regin f grey matter affected by pregnancy are knwn t play a rle in scial cgnitin (认知). This change might help a new mther better understand and decde her baby’s facial expressins and needs. Based n the results, scientists believed that the female brain experiences changes t help them better prepare fr mtherhd.
In a recent study led by Jnny Khl frm Lndn’s Francis Crick Institute, experiments n the brains f pregnant mice prvide cncrete evidence that specific hrmnes imprved cnnectins between neurns (神经元) assciated with parenting behavirs. While cnducted n mice, this brain remdeling agrees with previus human studies, suggesting shared mechanisms, Newsweek reprted.
Hwever, this imprvement in parenting-related skills might cme at a cst. A 2010 study shwed pregnant wmen have prer memry skills than nn-pregnant wmen, particularly cncerning spatial recgnitin memry. This explains why many pregnant wmen smetimes lse their way n familiar rutes.
And accrding t Hekzema, the changes in wmen’s brains are lng-lasting. S, next time yur mm gets lst in a familiar place, be patient and kind t her. After all, her brain changed t bring yu int the wrld!
28. During pregnancy, what happens t wmen’s brains?
A. They increase in amunt.B. They becme mre cmplex.
C. They generate new neur cells.D. They lse sme grey matter.
29. Hw might the changes in wmen’s brains during pregnancy benefit them?
A. By imprving their wrk efficiency.B. By bsting their muscle cntrl.
C. By strengthening their scial cgnitin.D. By adjusting their emtinal state.
30. What d we knw abut Jnny Khl’s study?
A. It cnflicted with Hekzema’s team’s findings.
B. It cmpared pregnant mice with nn-pregnant nes.
C. It explred the link between hrmne changes and parenting behavirs.
D. It cnfirmed the lng-lasting effects f pregnancy n wmen’s brains.
31. What is ne ptential disadvantage f brain changes in pregnant wmen?
A. Prer cmmunicatin skills.B. A weaker sense f directin.
C. A shrter length f attentin.D. Decreased prblem-slving abilities.
D
The first time yu start t read a pem, yu must relax and read thrugh it withut cncentrating n its meaning. Imagine yu are meeting a persn fr the first time. Yu will just bserve him and listen t his vice, as well as watch his shapes r mvements, but yu have nt yet knwn what he is all abut. Likewise, yu may enjy the sund, rhythms, r wrding, and frm sme first impressins abut a pem.
On yur secnd reading, yu shuld cncentrate mre n the general meaning f the pem. This time, yu will want t cmpare yur feelings abut the pem by nw with hw yu felt befre. Are they the same? What is different and why?
Yur third reading will fcus mre n details: the wrds phrases, r images. Lking up any unfamiliar wrds in a dictinary s that yu can gain a mre accurate understanding. Using the example given abve abut meeting smene, his image will change gradually and slightly as yu meet and learn mre abut him. Therefre, in yur additinal readings, it is a gd idea t cmpare yur understanding each time with the understanding befre.
A helpful apprach t further understanding a pem is t summarize it in yur wn wrds. Cmpare yur versin f understanding with thse f thers reading the same pem, and listen t hw they frm such pinins. Remember, hwever, that there is n exact r right meaning fr a pem, as mst pets have admitted they themselves are nt exactly sure what they meant when writing certain lines r phrases; they have even been heard t say n ccasin that smetimes wrds just seem t “drp frm heaven” and land n the page. That is what awakening the imaginatin is all abut. If yu are lucky, and if yu practice enugh, magical things may happen when yu write and yu may be able t prduce a beautiful pem r ther wrk f art yurself.
32. Why des the authr give the example f “meeting a persn” ?
A. T aruse readers’ interestB. T supprt his argument
C. T ffer sme adviceD. T interpret his pint
33. What will yu gain frm the third reading f a pem?
A. General meaning.B. Rhythm beauty.
C. Deeper meaning.D. Petic structure.
34. What des the underlined wrd “ that ” refer t?
A. Pets themselves dn’t understand their pems.
B. Beautiful pems drp frm heaven ccasinally.
C. Petic meanings are pen t different explanatins.
D. Writing a summary helps understand a pem.
35. What can we cnclude frm the last paragraph?
A. Inspiratin and hard wrk help create great pems.
B. Petry is an expressin f ne’s will in wrds.
C. Practice and patience make a man perfect.
D. Luck marches with thse wh give their very best.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
WHY A DOSE OF FEAR IS GOOD FOR YOU
Eleanr Rsevelt nce said: “D ne thing every day that scares yu” She was nt smething. Science has shwn that feeling fear — in the right dses (量) — has several benefits.
·Feeling fear is fun and exciting. Many peple scare themselves n purpse. ____36____
When yu step utside yur cmfrt zne, it is fear that makes yu feel alive, which is fun and exciting. The excitement generated can als help reduce depressin by increasing adrenaline (肾上腺素), which in turn increases excitement and glucse (changed int energy). ____37____ A dse f fear is an “eraser” fr the mind.
·____38____ Being afraid f smething can remind yu f an area f yur life that is limiting yu. Fr instance, if yu’re afraid f flying but face the fear and gather up the curage t step n an airplane, yu can travel the wrld. Adding t yur experiences means that yu’ll create a varied life. Yu’ll als have fewer regrets.
·Fear makes yu aware f what’s really imprtant in life. Hw ften have yu said t yurself: “When I have mre time, I’ll spend it with my family, pursue my passin, eat healthier r exercise mre”? Fear makes yu realize that “nw” is the nly time yu have t achieve and fllw thrugh what is mst imprtant._____39_____
Sme say where fear meets curage is the sweet spt in which muntains get scaled and rivers are run. _____40_____ We shuld all embrace ur fear. Nt the big fears that are life-threatening but the helpful fears that cme in small dses.
A. Fear helps yu succeed.
B. “Later” is never ensured.
C. Fear allws yu t live life t the fullest.
D. They watch scary mvies, ride rller casters r g skydiving.
E. And every time yu cme thrugh a challenge, yu feel empwered.
F. Mst f all, fear can be the birth place f change, creativity and innvatin.
G. Actually, it’s nearly impssible t be thinking f yur wrries when yu are experiencing fear.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2011, sme students at the University f Maryland saw a large amunt f fd ging t waste n their campus. They were s ___41___ abut it that they decided t create a prgram t ___42___ the excess (多余的) fd and send it t peple in need fr free. Later, the Fd Recvery Netwrk (FRN) ___43___ .
Up t nw, FRN has grwn t becme a natinwide rganizatin with many ___44___ in clleges and universities arund the US, including ne at the University f Maryland. Meanwhile, Rchester, a city f America, has a high rate f fd ___45___ . In respnse t it, a prpsal fr a cmmunity fd system plan has been ___46___ by the city’s gvernment. The plan is aimed t ffer safe ___47___ t all residents. The chapter f FRN at the University f Maryland wrks t ___48___ these attempts. With its help, the wrk is prgressing ___49___ . The students have relcated quantities f fd that wuld have therwise gne t waste. Every Friday afternn, members f the chapter meet t ___50___ the left fd frm the campus. Then the fd is srted and distributed t the cmmunities all ver the state.
“Our ___51___ is respnding psitively,” ne student says. “What we dn’t want is having t much fd in the kitchen.” The students d make a ___52___ , and they even supply the ___53___ meals t the peple utside the city. Besides, what they have dne is ___54___ t the envirnment. Thanks t FRN, they have successfully ___55___ the release f tns f carbn dixide thrugh reducing waste.
41.
A. delightedB. relaxedC. cnfusedD. cncerned
42.
A. redistributeB. replaceC. wasteD. label
43.
A. came backB. came dwnC. came int beingD. came t an end
44.
A. dnatinsB. chaptersC. mealsD. teachers
45.
A. supplyB. recgnitinC. insecurityD. disappearance
46.
A. dubtedB. rejectedC. pstpnedD. submitted
47.
A. medicineB. shelterC. fdD. trip
48.
A. aidB. assessC. identifyD. investigate
49.
A. randmlyB. smthlyC. temprarilyD. tughly
50.
A. cllectB. eatC. rderD. sell
51.
A. bankB. hmeC. cmpanyD. schl
52.
A. livingB. differenceC. frtuneD. prfit
53
A. extraB. dirtyC. purchasedD. expensive
54.
A. adaptableB. friendlyC. blindD. harmful
55.
A. allwedB. prmtedC. decreasedD. received
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wrld Ppulatin Day was funded by the United Natins, and this hliday is___56___(annual) bserved n July 11th.
The idea f Wrld Ppulatin Day started in the late 1960s,___57___wrld leaders penly declared that adults have the right___58___(chse) whether they wanted children r nt. This idea was als viewed as a human right. During this era, leaders were mre pen abut___59___(discuss)child-bearing and the right wmen had t time their children___60___they wished. While this was just ne f the___61___(sign) t the feminist mvement in the US, this idea was new t many develping natins at the time.
In 1989, the wrld ppulatin quickly increased t five billin. During this same year, the United Natins funded Wrld Ppulatin Day. Bth events___62___(ccur) n July 11th f that year.
Wrld Ppulatin Day is celebrated in many ways‒‒much f this depends n the regin. Fr participants wh live in cuntries where gender___63___(equal) is a law the hliday is meant t be ___64___reflectin and celebratin f significant mments in histry that helped sciety achieve this basic human right.
Every July 11th, the United Natins als has central celebratins in which all natins____65____(permit) t participate. In additin, the UN hlds an annual theme.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
66. 假定你是李华，你在英国学习，昨天你有一次不愉快的就餐经历，你对餐厅服务员的态度非常不满意，于是请你给该餐厅老板写信投诉。内容包括：
1. 问题：牛肉面(beef ndles)里有苍蝇 (fly)，服务员态度恶劣；
2. 要求：餐厅赔礼道歉；
3. 希望能改进服务。
注意：写作词数应为 80 左右。
参考词汇：cmplain 投诉
make a frmal aplgy t sb 正式向某人道歉
Dear Sir r Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分 25 分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Secret Prmise Kept
When I was a little by, I lved t visit the fire statin where my father wrked. Smetimes Dad wuld give me a ten cents t buy a sda (汽水).
One day, I tk tw friends t the statin t shw my dad ff. I asked Dad if we culd each have a sda befre we went hme fr lunch. I sensed just the slightest hesitatin in my father’s vice. But he said “sure” and gave us each a dime (一毛钱). We each bught a sda and headed hme fr lunch and a summer afternn f swimming.
When I came hme, I heard my parents talking. Mm seemed upset with Dad, and then I heard my name mentined. “Yu shuld have just said yu didn’t have mney fr sdas. Brian wuld have understd. We dn’t have any extra mney, and yu need t have yur lunch.”
I suddenly realized the sacrifice (牺牲) my father had made fr it. Fr the next twenty years, he wrked three jbs t supprt my big family.
One afternn Dad’s ld car brke dwn, and he asked me t take him t his dctr’s appintment. As I pulled up t the firehuse, I saw Dad utside arund a brand-new pickup truck with the ther firemen. It was a beauty. Dad said, “Smeday, I’ll wn a truck like that.”
My brthers and I were ding well in business. We had ffered t buy him a truck, but he refused.
When Dad stepped ut f the dctr’s ffice, his face was pale. “Let’s g,” was all he said.
We drve by the ld huse, the lake and the crner stre, and Dad started talking abut the memries each place held and hw prud he was f us. That was when I knew he was dying, which ttally shcked me. He made me prmise that I wuld never tell anyne f his impending (迫近的) death. I agreed, knwing it was the tughest secret t keep.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At the time, I was just lking t buy a new truck, s I invited Dad t g t the lcal car dealer’s (经销商) shp with me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I walked t my father with the key t the brwn truck.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
丰城九中2023-2024学年上学期高三第三次段考试卷
英 语
本试卷总分值为150分 考试时长为120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did Fred have fr breakfast tday?
A. Bread and an egg.B. Bread and an apple.C. A banana and an apple.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hmm, I had bread and an egg fr breakfast. What did yu have, Fred?
M: I wasn’t hungry this mrning. I had sme fruit. I had a banana and an apple.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman think f herself?
A. Outging.B. Shy.C. Cnfident.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Jane, yu seem t like t stay with peple wh are a lt mre utging and cnfident than yu are.
M: Yeah. I’m kind f shy and quiet myself, s I let them d the talking.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the wman meet the man?
A. At 6:00.B. At 6:45.C. At 7:30.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: What time shuld I pick yu up?
M: Let’s see. I shuld be hme by 6:00, but I need sme time t get ready. Hw abut a quarter t seven?
W: Well, I have t prepare dinner fr my sn. I’ll be there at 7:30.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What may cause the wman truble?
A. Missing a class.B. Having dinner utside.C. Getting back hme t late.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Mary and I will g ut t dinner after class n Friday. Can yu g with us?
M: Yeah, sure. But what time are we ging t g ut? I have t be hme by ten, r I’ll get int truble.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking abut?
A. A teacher.B. A task.C. A mvie.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Did yur teacher give a task fr Mnday?
M: There is nthing t read in the textbk, but we have t see a mvie and write a shrt reprt abut it.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What d the speakers bth agree?
A. It was an enjyable evening.
B. They had an expensive meal.
C. The fd was very delicius.
7. What des the man think f the music?
A. Relaxing.B. Embarrassing.C. Special.
【答案】6. B 7. B
【解析】
【原文】M: I dn’t knw abut yu, Tanya, but I’m still hungry.
W: N, I’m fine. It was a gd meal. Rather expensive thugh.
M: Mre than rather! I thught they charged far t much fr what we gt.
W: But if yu want t eat ut elsewhere, yu have t be prepared t pay much mre. It’s nt just yu’re paying fr. Yu pay fr the surrundings, the service, the music--even the fresh flwers n the table. It’s all thse things that make it such an enjyable evening.
M: I suppse s. But I think it’d be better t buy smething really special and eat it at hme.
W: Oh yes! And wh des the cking?
M: I’m always ready t help.
W: That’s nt the pint. I want t be able t enjy a relaxing evening and that means...
M: And wasting mney. Maybe we’ll end up in debt befre lng. Just think what we culd have bught if we’d stayed at hme.
W: But it’s nt as much fun! I lved the music.
M: Well, I fund it embarrassing. I hate it when the vilinist std right beside me. I didn’t knw where t lk.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What kind f peple des Lndn Week need?
A. Advertisers.B. Reprters.C. Sales representatives.
9. Hw much did Lisa earn mnthly in her last jb?
A. 2,500 punds.B. 3,000 punds.C. 3,500 punds.
【答案】8. C 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, I think I fund a jb that might interest Lisa. Where is she?
W: She went t Liverpl visiting friends, I think. What is it?
M: Well, it’s frm Lndn Week which claims t be the nly newspaper fr visitrs t Lndn.
W: What d they want? A reprter?
M: N, it’s what they call a sales representative.
W: Hmm. Culd be interesting. Hw much des it pay?
M: Nt bad. Three thusand punds a mnth. That’s five hundred punds mre than what she made in her last jb.
W: Nt bad at all. Any requirement?
M: Salespeple with n less than tw years f experience, nt necessarily in advertising. Lisa’s gt plenty f that.
W: Any ther details abut the jb?
M: N, just the paid trips t Paris n tp f the salary.
W: Well, let’s tell Lisa. She’ll be back tmrrw I expect.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. Why des the wman talk t the man?
A. T ask fr his help.
B. T invite him t the music festival.
C. T intrduce a flk band t him.
11. When will the speakers g t get tickets?
A. On Friday.B. On Saturday.C. On Sunday.
12. What is the mst imprtant fr the speakers t get tickets?
A. Arriving by 6:00 a.m.B. Taking smething t sit n.C. Lining up in the park.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Jhn, yu knw the music festival that’s starting this Saturday?
M: Um… smene mentined it. Is it any gd?
W: It’s great! Mstly small flk grups, but they have well-knwn bands t. Sme f us g every year—yu want t jin us?
M: But… isn’t it t late t get tickets.
W: Well, the way it wrks is…abut 6 a.m. n Friday, peple start lining up in the park. We all bring smething t sit n—and fd—s the wait is nt bad. As lng as yu’re at the park by six, yu’ll get a ticket.
M: OK. I think I can get there by six. I’ll g!
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. Wh is the wman staying with nw?
A. Her mther.B. Her father.C. Her sister.
14. What will the man d in the evening?
A. Visit the wman.B. Wrk n his prject.C. Stay with his relatives.
15. Hw will the man g t the wman’s huse?
A. By bus.B. By bike.C. By car.
16. When des the cnversatin take place?
A. In the mrning.B. At nn.C. In the afternn.
【答案】13. C 14. C 15. B 16. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hell, Jenny. This is Mike. I thught yu were cming ver t study.
W: Yeah, I knw, but my mther has t g ut fr the mrning and my father has gne t wrk tday, s I have t stay with my sister. Srry.
M: Oh, that means yu can’t cme ver, right?
W: I guess s. Can we d it later tday? Hw abut in the afternn? My mther will be back in the afternn.
M: I can’t. My aunt and uncle are cming t visit fr the weekend. They will arrive at abut 5:00 p.m. and then we’ll eat ut in the evening.
W: We really need t get ur prject finished. Hey, culd yu cme ver here?
M: What a great idea! I shuld have thught abut that. Sure, when can I cme?
W: Right nw, if yu want t. Yu can take the N. 6 bus here. We can take a break at nn and I can make us sandwiches fr lunch and then we can cntinue t wrk in the afternn. I’m sure we can finish it befre 4:00 p.m.
M: I’ll tell mm and ride ver n my bike. See yu in an hur.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Where is Cpers?
A. On the edge f twn.B. Behind a market.C. Near the cllege.
18. What is the gd pint abut Shpsmart?
A. The price.B. The psitin.C. Transprt.
19. What can peple buy in Mass?
A. Fruit and vegetables.B. Files and pens.C. Suvenirs.
20. What d we knw abut the museum in Newtwn?
A. It has its wn shp.B. It is clsed n Sunday.C. It prvides parking spaces.
【答案】17. C 18. A 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Welcme t Newtwn, bys and girls. Nw let me intrduce the main shpping places in Newtwn. There are tw supermarkets: Cpers, selling all kinds f fd, is nly five minutes’ walk frm the cllege and has a large car park; Shpsmart, n the edge f twn, is bigger and usually has the mst cmpetitive prices, but is difficult t get t. It is best t buy fresh fruit and vegetables in the market, which is held every day apart frm Sunday.
In Bridge Street, there are fur bkshps, where yu’ll find a gd range f dictinaries. Fr thse n a tight budget, there is Mass—a huge shp selling study materials, where yu can buy everything frm files and pens t sftware. There is a small bkshp in the cllege, which als sells basic things like paper.
Newtwn desn’t have as many suvenir shps as Lndn, but the castle has its wn shp, and s des the museum. Anyway, I hpe this talk will be useful fr yu and I wish yu a pleasant stay.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Have yu ever been int a cave? If nt, please fllw us and explre sme f the mst beautiful caves frm arund the wrld!
Marble Caves
Lcated in the center f Lake General Carrera, the Marble Caves in Chic, Chile, are nly accessible by bat. The surrunding crystal clear waters allw visitrs t see the rck frmatins beneath them while the rck ceilings abve change clr (depending n the writer levels and the seasn). The best time t visit: during sunrise and sunset, when the sun’s rays light up the cave walls, making it an experience t remember.
Reed Flute Cave
Reed F1ute Cave knwn as “the Palace f Natural Arts” is lcated in the nrthwest f Guilin in suthern China. The limestne cave ffers a grand fairyland f stalactites (钟乳石), stne pillars, stne curtains, birds, plants and animals in fantastic shapes and clrs.
Fingal’s Cave
This incredible sea cave is lcated n the uninhabited island f Staffa in Sctland. The cave’s size, shape, and naturally – arched (拱形的) rf cmbine with the waves t create strange sunds that enhance its cathedral - like atmsphere.
The Blue Grtt
The Blue Grtt is the symbl f Capri. It is a sea cave fund n the cast f the island and is a well-knwn spt t all wh visit the area. This cave is unique fr its brilliant blue light which cmes frm tw surces: the entrance t the cave and a bigger hle beneath the entrance. When viewed frm inside the cave, the entrance appears as a brilliant white light just abve the waterline, while the underwater hle, which is the larger surce f light, prvides a blue light.
21. Why is sunset the best time t visit Marble Caves?
A. Because bats are nly available at sunset.
B. Because it has the mst beautiful scenery.
C. Because it is surrunded by clear waters.
D. Because it has enugh light in it.
22. Which cave will yu g t if yu want t enjy the strange sund?
A. Reed Flute Cave.B. Marble Caves.
C. The Blue Grtt.D. Fingal’s Cave.
23 What is special abut the Blue Grtt?
A. Bright blue lightB. Varius plants and animals.
C. Unique underwater hle.D. Strange sunds.
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】是一篇应用文。短文介绍了世界上最美丽的几个洞穴。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Marble Caves部分的“The best time t visit: during sunrise and sunset, when the sun’s rays light up the cave walls, making it an experience t remember.(参观的最佳时间：日出和日落期间，当阳光照亮洞穴墙壁时，让它成为一次难忘的经历。)”可知，日落是参观Marble Caves的最佳时间是因为那个时候洞里面有足够的光。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fingal’s Cave部分的“The cave’s size, shape, and naturally—arched (拱形的)rf cmbine with the waves t create strange sunds that enhance its cathedral—like atmsphere.(这个洞穴的大小、形状和自然的拱形屋顶与波浪相结合，创造出奇怪的声音，增加了如同大教堂般氛围的吸引力。)”可知，如果你喜欢奇怪的声音，你可以去Fingal’s Cave。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Blue Grtt部分的“This cave is unique fr its brilliant blue light which cmes frm tw surces: the entrance t the cave and a bigger hle beneath the entrance.(这个洞穴是独一无二的，因为它明亮的蓝光来自两个源头：洞穴的入口和入口下面的一个更大的洞。)”可知，Blue Grtt的特别之处在于它的明亮的蓝色光。故选A。
B
Super Typhn Rai (knwn as “Odette” in the Philippines) made landfall n Siarga Island in sutheastern Philippines at 1:30 pm lcal time n Thursday December 16. The typhn was the 15th strm t hit the cuntry in 2021 and was the strngest strm f 2021. Almst 16 millin Filipins were facing threats including strng winds, heavy rains, flding, landslides, displacement and risking lss f life, hme, livelihd and agriculture. Arund 700,000 f them were children.
UNICEF (United Natins Internatinal Children’s Emergency Fund) expressed deep cncern fr children and families at risk and annunced its cmmitment t prviding supprt t the Philippine gvernment. Reyn Ambag was ne f the children wh were rescued during the typhn.
12-year-ld Reyn Ambag is a grade 7 student living n the island f Siarga. He ges t schl in San Isidr Natinal High Schl which is lcated in the Municipality f San Isidr. With Values Educatin as his favrite subject in schl, Reyn is always ready t help thers.
Reyn is raised by his mther wh is a single parent and runs a retail stre alne. Aside frm his mther, his cusin has als been living with them t help ut in the absence f Reyn’s father. Reyn’s mther prvides fr all three f them. She is able t supprt their daily needs and Reyn’s schling by the incme she gets frm the small retail stre.
During Typhn Odette, Reyn’s family stayed inside the cmfrt rm f the schl where they were evacuated (疏散) t. There, he witnessed thrugh the windw hw the strng winds f the typhn destryed the area. They stayed there until the strm subsided and it was safe fr them t g ut. Upn returning t their hme, they were astnished t find that their huse was damaged due t the fallen trees.
After bserving the delays in restring the electricity in their cmmunity, Reyn wanted t pursue a related jb in the future. “I want t be an electrician smeday s that if a pwer cut wuld happen because f a typhn, I wuld be able t help in restring it fr free,” said Reyn.
24. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Different types f natural disasters.
B. The intrductin f a typhn and its threats.
C. Histrical data f the strngest typhns.
D. The gvernment’s reactin t Super Typhn Rai.
25. Where des Reyn’s schling fees cme frm?
A. His father.B. His cusin.C. His family stre.D. His part-time jb.
26. What des the underlined wrd “subsided” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Brke int.B. Fell apart.C. Went ver.D. Died dwn.
27. Why did Reyn intend t becme an electrician?
A. T make mney t supprt his family.
B. T reward the cmmunity with his wrk.
C. T restre pwer in time after typhns.
D. T meet his mther’s expectatins f him.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Reyn Ambag所在的Siarga岛遭到了台风的侵袭，他和他的家人们得到了联合国儿童基金会的帮助，以及他想要成为一名电工以便在因台风而停电时免费帮助恢复供电的故事。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The typhn was the 15th strm t hit the cuntry in 2021 and was the strngest strm f 2021. Almst 16 millin Filipins were facing threats including strng winds, heavy rains, flding, landslides, displacement and risking lss f life, hme, livelihd and agriculture.(这是2021年袭击该国的第15次风暴，也是2021年最强的风暴。近1600万菲律宾人面临着包括强风、暴雨、洪水、山体滑坡、流离失所和生命、家园、生计和农业损失的威胁)”可知，第一段主要介绍了超强台风Rai及其威胁。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“She is able t supprt their daily needs and Reyn’s schling by the incme she gets frm the small retail stre. (她从小零售店获得的收入能够支持他们的日常需求和Reyn的学校教育。)”可知，Reyn的学费来自他母亲经营小店的收入。故选C。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前“They stayed there (他们一直呆在那里)”及划线词后“and it was safe fr them t g ut. (他们可以安全出门了)”可推断，他们一直呆在那里，直到风暴平息才回家，划线词subsided为“平息”之意，和Died dwn意思相近。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““I want t be an electrician smeday s that if a pwer cut wuld happen because f a typhn, I wuld be able t help in restring it fr free,” said Reyn. (“我想有一天成为一名电工，这样如果因为台风而停电，我就可以免费帮助恢复供电，”Reyn说。)”可知，Reyn想成为电工的原因是为了能够在台风之后及时修好电力设施，恢复供电。故选C。
C
Wmen in pst-pregnancy tend t respnd slwer t the utside wrld than they did befre. In the West, this phenmenn is called “pregnancy brain”. In China, peple describe it as “wmen are slwer and less sharp fr three years after giving birth.” Hwever, studies shwed that they are nt less sharp. Rather, their brains are becming better wired fr parenting at the cst f memry.
In their 2016 research, Elseline Hekzema and her team frm the Netherlands scanned 25 wmen’s brains befre and during pregnancy. The MRI results shwed that there was a decrease in the amunt f expectant mthers’ grey matter in their brains, which is respnsible fr multiple functins, including muscle cntrl, emtins, speech and memry.
The decrease in grey matter isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Hekzema cmpared it with the drp in the grey matter f teenagers during puberty (青春期). Accrding t a previus study, during puberty, teenagers’ hrmnes cause a reductin in unnecessary synapses (突触), the cnnectins between nerve cells. This prcess makes the brain wrk mre efficiently. Likewise, the reductin f grey matter in new mthers’ brains might lead t greater parenting abilities.
The changes in the regin f grey matter affected by pregnancy are knwn t play a rle in scial cgnitin (认知). This change might help a new mther better understand and decde her baby’s facial expressins and needs. Based n the results, scientists believed that the female brain experiences changes t help them better prepare fr mtherhd.
In a recent study led by Jnny Khl frm Lndn’s Francis Crick Institute, experiments n the brains f pregnant mice prvide cncrete evidence that specific hrmnes imprved cnnectins between neurns (神经元) assciated with parenting behavirs. While cnducted n mice, this brain remdeling agrees with previus human studies, suggesting shared mechanisms, Newsweek reprted.
Hwever, this imprvement in parenting-related skills might cme at a cst. A 2010 study shwed pregnant wmen have prer memry skills than nn-pregnant wmen, particularly cncerning spatial recgnitin memry. This explains why many pregnant wmen smetimes lse their way n familiar rutes.
And accrding t Hekzema, the changes in wmen’s brains are lng-lasting. S, next time yur mm gets lst in a familiar place, be patient and kind t her. After all, her brain changed t bring yu int the wrld!
28. During pregnancy, what happens t wmen’s brains?
A. They increase in amunt.B. They becme mre cmplex.
C. They generate new neur cells.D. They lse sme grey matter.
29. Hw might the changes in wmen’s brains during pregnancy benefit them?
A. By imprving their wrk efficiency.B. By bsting their muscle cntrl.
C. By strengthening their scial cgnitin.D. By adjusting their emtinal state.
30. What d we knw abut Jnny Khl’s study?
A. It cnflicted with Hekzema’s team’s findings.
B. It cmpared pregnant mice with nn-pregnant nes.
C. It explred the link between hrmne changes and parenting behavirs.
D. It cnfirmed the lng-lasting effects f pregnancy n wmen’s brains.
31. What is ne ptential disadvantage f brain changes in pregnant wmen?
A. Prer cmmunicatin skills.B. A weaker sense f directin.
C. A shrter length f attentin.D. Decreased prblem-slving abilities.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了孕妇怀孕期间大脑的一些变化以及带来的影响。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The MRI results shwed that there was a decrease in the amunt f expectant mthers’ grey matter in their brains, which is respnsible fr multiple functins, including muscle cntrl, emtins, speech and memry.(核磁共振结果显示，孕妇大脑中的灰质数量有所减少，而灰质负责多种功能，包括肌肉控制、情绪、语言和记忆)”可知，在怀孕期间，女性的大脑失去了一些灰质。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The changes in the regin f grey matter affected by pregnancy are knwn t play a rle in scial cgnitin (认知). This change might help a new mther better understand and decde her baby’s facial expressins and needs. Based n the results, scientists believed that the female brain experiences changes t help them better prepare fr mtherhd.(众所周知，受怀孕影响的灰质区域的变化在社会认知中起着重要作用。这种变化可能有助于新妈妈更好地理解和解读宝宝的面部表情和需求。基于这些结果，科学家们认为女性的大脑经历了变化，以帮助她们更好地为母亲做准备)”可知，怀孕期间女性大脑的变化可以加强社会认知。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“In a recent study led by Jnny Khl frm Lndn’s Francis Crick Institute, experiments n the brains f pregnant mice prvide cncrete evidence that specific hrmnes imprved cnnectins between neurns (神经元) assciated with parenting behavirs.(在最近由伦敦弗朗西斯克里克研究所的乔尼科尔领导的一项研究中，对怀孕老鼠的大脑进行的实验提供了具体的证据，表明特定的激素改善了与养育行为相关的神经元之间的联系)”可知，Jnny Khl的研究探讨了荷尔蒙变化和养育行为之间的联系。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“A 2010 study shwed pregnant wmen have prer memry skills than nn-pregnant wmen, particularly cncerning spatial recgnitin memry. This explains why many pregnant wmen smetimes lse their way n familiar rutes.(2010年的一项研究表明，孕妇的记忆能力比非孕妇差，尤其是在空间识别记忆方面。这就解释了为什么许多孕妇有时会在熟悉的路线上迷路)”可知，孕妇大脑变化的一个潜在缺点是向感较弱。故选B。
D
The first time yu start t read a pem, yu must relax and read thrugh it withut cncentrating n its meaning. Imagine yu are meeting a persn fr the first time. Yu will just bserve him and listen t his vice, as well as watch his shapes r mvements, but yu have nt yet knwn what he is all abut. Likewise, yu may enjy the sund, rhythms, r wrding, and frm sme first impressins abut a pem.
On yur secnd reading, yu shuld cncentrate mre n the general meaning f the pem. This time, yu will want t cmpare yur feelings abut the pem by nw with hw yu felt befre. Are they the same? What is different and why?
Yur third reading will fcus mre n details: the wrds, phrases, r images. Lking up any unfamiliar wrds in a dictinary s that yu can gain a mre accurate understanding. Using the example given abve abut meeting smene, his image will change gradually and slightly as yu meet and learn mre abut him. Therefre, in yur additinal readings, it is a gd idea t cmpare yur understanding each time with the understanding befre.
A helpful apprach t further understanding a pem is t summarize it in yur wn wrds. Cmpare yur versin f understanding with thse f thers reading the same pem, and listen t hw they frm such pinins. Remember, hwever, that there is n exact r right meaning fr a pem, as mst pets have admitted they themselves are nt exactly sure what they meant when writing certain lines r phrases; they have even been heard t say n ccasin that smetimes wrds just seem t “drp frm heaven” and land n the page. That is what awakening the imaginatin is all abut. If yu are lucky, and if yu practice enugh, magical things may happen when yu write and yu may be able t prduce a beautiful pem r ther wrk f art yurself.
32. Why des the authr give the example f “meeting a persn” ?
A. T aruse readers’ interestB. T supprt his argument
C. T ffer sme adviceD. T interpret his pint
33. What will yu gain frm the third reading f a pem?
A. General meaning.B. Rhythm beauty.
C. Deeper meaning.D. Petic structure.
34. What des the underlined wrd “ that ” refer t?
A. Pets themselves dn’t understand their pems.
B. Beautiful pems drp frm heaven ccasinally.
C. Petic meanings are pen t different explanatins.
D. Writing a summary helps understand a pem.
35. What can we cnclude frm the last paragraph?
A. Inspiratin and hard wrk help create great pems.
B. Petry is an expressin f ne’s will in wrds.
C. Practice and patience make a man perfect.
D. Luck marches with thse wh give their very best.
【答案】32 D 33. C 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了作者对于如何读诗的理解以及写诗歌总结有助于加强对诗的理解。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The first time yu start t read a pem, yu must relax and read thrugh it withut cncentrating n is meaning.(当你第一次开始读一首诗时，你必须放松去阅读它，不要专注于它的意思)”以及“Yu will just bserve him and listen t his vice, as well as watch his shapes r mvements, but yu have nt yet knwn what he is all abut. Likewise, yu may enjy the sund, rhythms, r wrding, and frm sme first impressins abut a pem.(你只是观察他，听他的声音，以及观察他的形状或动作，但你还不知道他的一切。同样，你可能会喜欢一首诗的声音、节奏或措辞，并形成一些第一印象)”可推知，作者举这个例是为了让读者更好地理解作者所表达的观点。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Yur third reading will fcus mre n details: the wrds, phrases, r images. Lking up any unfamiliar wrds in a dictinary s that yu can gain a mre accurate understanding. (第三次阅读你将要更多地关注细节：单词、短语或意象。用词典查找任何不熟悉的单词，这样你可以获得更准确的理解)”以及“Therefre, in yur additinal readings, it is a gd idea t cmpare yur understanding each time with the understanding befre.(因此，在你的额外阅读中，将你每次的理解与之前的理解进行比较是一个好主意)”可知，第三次阅读要获得更深层的含义。故选C。
【34题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“Remember, hwever, that there is n exact r right meaning fr a pem, as mst pets have admitted they themselves are nt exactly sure what they meant when writing certain lines r phrases; they have even been heard t say n ccasin that smetimes wrds just seem t “drp frm heaven” and land n the page.(然而，请记住，一首诗没有确切或正确含义，因为大多数诗人都承认，他们自己在写某些诗句或短语时并不确定所写的是什么意思；他们有时甚至会说，有时候文字就像是从天而降，落在纸上)”可知，对于一首诗内容的理解可能会因人而异，而且连诗人都不确定自己想说什么，这也就需要读者自己发挥想象力做出解释了。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If yu are lucky, and if yu practice enugh, magical things may happen when yu write and yu may be able t prduce a beautiful pem r ther wrk f art yurself.(如果你足够幸运，如果你练习得足够多，当你写作时，神奇的事情可能会发生，你可能会写出一首美丽的诗或其他艺术作品)”可推知，灵感和勤奋有助于创作伟大的诗歌。故选A。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
WHY A DOSE OF FEAR IS GOOD FOR YOU
Eleanr Rsevelt nce said: “D ne thing every day that scares yu.” She was nt smething. Science has shwn that feeling fear — in the right dses (量) — has several benefits.
·Feeling fear is fun and exciting. Many peple scare themselves n purpse. ____36____
When yu step utside yur cmfrt zne, it is fear that makes yu feel alive, which is fun and exciting. The excitement generated can als help reduce depressin by increasing adrenaline (肾上腺素), which in turn increases excitement and glucse (changed int energy). ____37____ A dse f fear is an “eraser” fr the mind.
·____38____ Being afraid f smething can remind yu f an area f yur life that is limiting yu. Fr instance, if yu’re afraid f flying but face the fear and gather up the curage t step n an airplane, yu can travel the wrld. Adding t yur experiences means that yu’ll create a varied life. Yu’ll als have fewer regrets.
·Fear makes yu aware f what’s really imprtant in life. Hw ften have yu said t yurself: “When I have mre time, I’ll spend it with my family, pursue my passin, eat healthier r exercise mre”? Fear makes yu realize that “nw” is the nly time yu have t achieve and fllw thrugh what is mst imprtant._____39_____
Sme say where fear meets curage is the sweet spt in which muntains get scaled and rivers are run. _____40_____ We shuld all embrace ur fear. Nt the big fears that are life-threatening but the helpful fears that cme in small dses.
A. Fear helps yu succeed.
B. “Later” is never ensured.
C. Fear allws yu t live life t the fullest.
D. They watch scary mvies, ride rller casters r g skydiving.
E. And every time yu cme thrugh a challenge, yu feel empwered.
F. Mst f all, fear can be the birth place f change, creativity and innvatin.
G. Actually, it’s nearly impssible t be thinking f yur wrries when yu are experiencing fear.
【答案】36. D 37. G 38. C 39. B 40. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了适度的恐惧是有好处的
【36题详解】
根据上文“Feeling fear is fun and exciting. Many peple scare themselves n purpse.(感到恐惧是有趣和令人兴奋的。许多人故意吓唬自己)”可知，有人喜欢恐惧的感觉，并故意找恐惧感。由此可知，D. They watch scary mvies, ride rller casters r g skydiving.(他们看恐怖电影，坐过山车或去跳伞)能够衔接上文，符合语境。其中They指代上文中的Many peple。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据下文“A dse f fear is an “eraser” fr the mind. (恐惧是大脑的“橡皮擦”)”可知，此处在讲述恐惧和人的心理有关。由此可知，G. Actually, it’s nearly impssible t be thinking f yur wrries when yu are experiencing fear.(事实上，当你感到恐惧时，你几乎不可能想到你的忧虑)能够衔接下文，符合语境。其中impssible t be thinking f yur wrries对应上文中的“eraser” fr the mind。故选G。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Being afraid f smething can remind yu f an area f yur life that is limiting yu. Fr instance, if yu’re afraid f flying but face the fear and gather up the curage t step n an airplane, yu can travel the wrld. Adding t yur experiences means that yu’ll create a varied life. Yu’ll als have fewer regrets.(害怕某件事可以提醒你生活中某个限制你的领域。例如，如果你害怕坐飞机，但面对恐惧，鼓起勇气登上飞机，你就可以环游世界。增加你的经历意味着你将创造一个丰富多彩的生活。你也会少一些遗憾)”可知，本段主要讲述了如何人们挑战内心的恐惧，做一些让自己害怕的事情，会丰富自己的经历，少一些遗憾。由此可知，C. Fear allws yu t live life t the fullest.(恐惧能让你活得更充实)能够总起下文，作本段的主题句，符合语境。故选C。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Fear makes yu realize that “nw” is the nly time yu have t achieve and fllw thrugh what is mst imprtant.(恐惧会让你意识到，“现在”是你唯一需要实现和坚持最重要的事情的时间)”可知，恐惧会让你重视和抓住“现在”。由此可知，B. “Later” is never ensured.(“以后”永远不会得到保证)能够衔接上文，符合语境。其中Later对应上文中的nw。故选B。
【40题详解】
根据上文“Sme say where fear meets curage is the sweet spt in which muntains get scaled and rivers are run.(有人说，恐惧与勇气相遇的地方是攀登高山、奔流河流的最佳地点)”可知，此处在讲述恐惧给人带来的好处，且总结全文。由此可知，F. Mst f all, fear can be the birth place f change, creativity and innvatin.(最重要的是，恐惧可以成为变革、创造和革新的摇篮)能够衔接上文，同时引起下文“We shuld all embrace ur fear. Nt the big fears that are life-threatening but the helpful fears that cme in small dses.(我们都应该拥抱我们的恐惧。不是危及生命的大恐惧，而是小剂量的有益恐惧)”符合语境。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2011, sme students at the University f Maryland saw a large amunt f fd ging t waste n their campus. They were s ___41___ abut it that they decided t create a prgram t ___42___ the excess (多余的) fd and send it t peple in need fr free. Later, the Fd Recvery Netwrk (FRN) ___43___ .
Up t nw, FRN has grwn t becme a natinwide rganizatin with many ___44___ in clleges and universities arund the US, including ne at the University f Maryland. Meanwhile, Rchester, a city f America, has a high rate f fd ___45___ . In respnse t it, a prpsal fr a cmmunity fd system plan has been ___46___ by the city’s gvernment. The plan is aimed t ffer safe ___47___ t all residents. The chapter f FRN at the University f Maryland wrks t ___48___ these attempts. With its help, the wrk is prgressing ___49___ . The students have relcated quantities f fd that wuld have therwise gne t waste. Every Friday afternn, members f the chapter meet t ___50___ the left fd frm the campus. Then the fd is srted and distributed t the cmmunities all ver the state.
“Our ___51___ is respnding psitively,” ne student says. “What we dn’t want is having t much fd in the kitchen.” The students d make a ___52___ , and they even supply the ___53___ meals t the peple utside the city. Besides, what they have dne is ___54___ t the envirnment. Thanks t FRN, they have successfully ___55___ the release f tns f carbn dixide thrugh reducing waste.
41.
A. delightedB. relaxedC. cnfusedD. cncerned
42.
A. redistributeB. replaceC. wasteD. label
43.
A. came backB. came dwnC. came int beingD. came t an end
44.
A. dnatinsB. chaptersC. mealsD. teachers
45.
A. supplyB. recgnitinC. insecurityD. disappearance
46.
A. dubtedB. rejectedC. pstpnedD. submitted
47.
A. medicineB. shelterC. fdD. trip
48.
A. aidB. assessC. identifyD. investigate
49.
A. randmlyB. smthlyC. temprarilyD. tughly
50.
A. cllectB. eatC. rderD. sell
51.
A. bankB. hmeC. cmpanyD. schl
52.
A. livingB. differenceC. frtuneD. prfit
53.
A. extraB. dirtyC. purchasedD. expensive
54.
A. adaptableB. friendlyC. blindD. harmful
55.
A. allwedB. prmtedC. decreasedD. received
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马里兰大学学生发现校园里大量食物被浪费的现象后，创建了食物回收网络这一项目。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们非常担忧这个问题，于是决定创建一个项目，把多余的食物重新分配给有需要的人，免费送给他们。A. delighted高兴的；B. relaxed轻松的；C. cnfused疑惑的；D. cncerned关心的，担忧的。前文提到“In 2011, sme students at the University f Maryland saw a large amunt f fd ging t waste n their campus. ”（2011年，马里兰大学的一些学生发现校园里有大量食物被浪费。），可知看到食物被浪费应该感到非常痛心非常担忧。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们非常关心这个问题，于是决定创建一个项目，把多余的食物重新分配给有需要的人，免费送给他们。A. redistribute重新分配；B. replace替换；C. waste浪费；D. label贴标签。后文提到“the excess (多余的) fd and send it t peple in_______fr free. ”（将多余的食物免费分给有需要的人）由此判断，这些“浪费了的，多余的”食物应该需要重新分配一下，分发给有需要的人。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：后来，食品回收网络(FRN)应运而生。A. came back回来；B. came dwn下来；减轻；C. came int being形成；D. came t an end结束。前文提到“they decided t create a prgram”（于是决定创建一个项目）由此判断，正是因为看到了食堂里食物的浪费，所以食品回收网络才因此产生。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，FRN已经发展成为一个全国性的组织，在美国各地的学院和大学都有许多分会，其中包括马里兰大学的一个分会。A. dnatins捐款；B. chapters章节，分会；C. meals餐食；D. teachers老师。前文提到“becme a natinwide rganizatin”（成为一个全国性的组织），以及后文中“Every Friday afternn, members f the chapter meet t________the left fd frm the campus”（周五下午，分会的成员集合到校园里分发剩下的食物）可知，chapter此处为原词复现。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，美国的罗彻斯特市的食品不安全率很高。A. supply供应；储备；B. recgnitin识别；C. insecurity不安全性；D. disappearance消失。后文提到“The plan is aimed t ffer safe________t all residents.”（该计划旨在为所有居民提供安全食品。）由此判断，该市的食品安全率不高所以才要制定计划改善这一现象。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为回应，市政府已经提交了一份社区食品系统计划的提案。A. dubted怀疑；B. rejected拒绝；C. pstpned推迟；D. submitted提交。后文提到“The plan is aimed t ffer safe ________ t all residents.”（该计划旨在为所有居民提供安全食品。）说明政府已经提交了这项计划的提案，以提升当地食物安全率。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该计划旨在为所有居民提供安全食品。A. medicine药品；B. shelter住所；C. fd食物；D. trip旅行。前文提到“Meanwhile, Rchester, a city f America, has a high rate f fd________ ”（与此同时，美国的罗彻斯特市的食品不安全率很高。）由此判断，这一提案的提出是要为当地居民提供安全的食物。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里兰大学FRN分会致力于帮助这些尝试。A. aid帮助；B. assess评估；C. identify识别；查明；D. investigate调查。后文提到“With its help, the wrk is prgressing________ ”（在它的帮助下，这项工作进展得很顺利），说明FRN分会在帮助这些为提高食品安全的尝试。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在它的帮助下，工作进展顺利。A. randmly随机地；B. smthly顺利地；C. temprarily暂时地；D. tughly固执地。后文提到“The students have relcated quantities f fd that wuld have therwise gne t waste. ”（学生们重新分配了大量原本会被浪费掉的食物。），学生们将食物重新分配，说明这项任务进行得十分顺利。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周五下午，分会的成员会聚集在一起收集校园里剩下的食物。A. cllect收集；B. eat吃；C. rder命令；D. sell卖。后文提到“Then the fd is________and distributed t the cmmunities all ver the state by categry.”（然后将食物分类分发到全州各地的社区。）由此判断，马里兰大学分会应该要先把食物收集起来，才能分到各处。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们学校的反应很积极，”一名学生说。A. bank银行；B. hme家；C. cmpany公司；D. schl学校。根据“ne student”（一名学生）可知，此处应该是指“学校”反应积极。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们确实发挥了作用，他们甚至为城外的人提供额外的饭菜。A. living生计；B. difference影响；C. frtune幸运；D. prfit利润。后文提到“and they even supply the 13 meals t the peple utside the city. ”（他们甚至为城外的人提供额外的饭菜。）由此可知，学生们在帮助别人提供饭菜这方面做的非常好。此处也是固定短语make a difference，意为“对……有影响”。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生们确实发挥了作用，他们甚至为城外的人提供额外的饭菜。A. extra额外的；B. dirty肮脏的；C. purchased已经购买的；D. expensive昂贵的。后文提到“t the peple utside the city.”（为城外的人提供了饭菜），由此判断，学生们除了将食堂的食物回收分配之外，还会额外给城外的人提供食物。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他们所做的是对环境友好的。A. adaptable能适应的；B. friendly友好的；C. blind失明的；D. harmful有害的。后文提到“Thanks t FRN, they have successfully________the release f tns f carbn dixide thrugh reducing waste. ”（多亏了FRN，他们通过减少浪费成功地减少了大量二氧化碳的排放。）FRN的努力使得二氧化碳的排放也减少了，由此判断，他们所做的事情是对环保有帮助的。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了FRN，他们通过减少浪费成功地减少了大量二氧化碳的排放。A. allwed允许；B. prmted提升；C. decreased减少；D. received接受。前文提到“Besides, what they have dne is ________ t the envirnment.”（此外，他们所做的是对环境友好的。）由此判断，他们所做之事应该是会降低二氧化碳的排放，所以才会对环境友好。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wrld Ppulatin Day was funded by the United Natins, and this hliday is___56___(annual) bserved n July 11th.
The idea f Wrld Ppulatin Day started in the late 1960s,___57___wrld leaders penly declared that adults have the right___58___(chse) whether they wanted children r nt. This idea was als viewed as a human right. During this era, leaders were mre pen abut___59___(discuss)child-bearing and the right wmen had t time their children___60___they wished. While this was just ne f the___61___(sign) t the feminist mvement in the US, this idea was new t many develping natins at the time.
In 1989, the wrld ppulatin quickly increased t five billin. During this same year, the United Natins funded Wrld Ppulatin Day. Bth events___62___(ccur) n July 11th f that year.
Wrld Ppulatin Day is celebrated in many ways‒‒much f this depends n the regin. Fr participants wh live in cuntries where gender___63___(equal) is a law, the hliday is meant t be ___64___reflectin and celebratin f significant mments in histry that helped sciety achieve this basic human right.
Every July 11th, the United Natins als has central celebratins in which all natins____65____(permit) t participate. In additin, the UN hlds an annual theme.
【答案】56. annually
57. when 58. t chse
59. discussing
60. as 61. signs
62. ccurred
63. equality
64. a 65. are permitted
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了世界人口日成立的历史和过程以及庆祝方式等。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：世界人口日是由联合国创立的，在7月11日每年庆祝一次。修饰后面的动词bserved，应用副词作状语，故填annually。
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：世界人口日的想法始于20世纪60年代末，当时世界各国领导人公开宣布，成年人有权选择是否要孩子。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the late 1960s，从句当中充当时间状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填when。
【58题详解】
考查不定式。句意同上。作前面的the right的后置定语，应用不定式，故填t chse。
【59题详解】
考查动名词。句意：在那个时代，领导人对生育问题的讨论更加开放，并认为女性有按照自己的意愿安排（生）孩子的时间的权利。此处应用动名词作介词abut的宾语，故填discussing。
60题详解】
考查连词。句意同上。此处表示如他们所希望的那样，用as引导方式状语从句，表示“如同”。故填as。
【61题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：虽然这只是美国女权运动的标志之一，但这个想法在当时对许多发展中国家来说都是新的。ne f后面跟名词复数，表示“……之一”，故填signs。
【62题详解】
考查时态。句意：这两件事都发生在当年的7月11日。由时间状语In 1989可知要用过去时，故填ccurred。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：对于生活在性别平等是法律的国家的参与者，这个节日旨在反思和庆祝历史上帮助社会实现这一基本人权的重要时刻。分析句子可知，where引导定语从句，空处为主语，应该使用名词形式equality，不可数名词，故填equality。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意同上。此处指节日是一个表达和庆祝的重要时刻，表泛指，且reflectin的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
【65题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：每年的7月11日，联合国也有所有国家都可以参加的中心庆祝活动。根据Every July 11th可知，此处为一般现在时，in which引导定语从句，permit为从句谓语动词，与主语all natins是被动关系，且主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。故填are permitted。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
66. 假定你是李华，你在英国学习，昨天你有一次不愉快的就餐经历，你对餐厅服务员的态度非常不满意，于是请你给该餐厅老板写信投诉。内容包括：
1. 问题：牛肉面(beef ndles)里有苍蝇 (fly)，服务员态度恶劣；
2. 要求：餐厅赔礼道歉；
3. 希望能改进服务。
注意：写作词数应为 80 左右。
参考词汇：cmplain 投诉
make a frmal aplgy t sb 正式向某人道歉
Dear Sir r Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir r Madam,
I’m LiHua, ne f yur custmers. I am writing t cmplain abut the pr service f yur waiters and express my dissatisfactin with their rude attitude t us.
Yesterday I went t yur restaurant t have lunch but I had an awful experience. I was having beef ndles when suddenly I fund tw flies in them, which made me disgusted. What’s wrse, I asked the waiter t change fr anther dish, nly t be cmpletely ignred by him. Therefre, I’d like yu t investigate the matter seriusly and make a frmal aplgy t me. Persnally, it’s time that yur service shuld be imprved t live up t the custmers’ expectatins.
I’d appreciate it if yu culd give due attentin t the matter.
Yurs,
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的投诉信。要求考生向一家餐厅老板写信投诉，告知其自己就餐时的不愉快经历，阐明具体问题并要求餐厅赔礼道歉。
【详解】1.词汇积累
糟糕的：awful → terrible/unpleasant
更糟的是：what’s wrse→ wrse still
道歉：make an aplgy → aplgize
就我个人而言：persnally→ fr my part/in my pinin
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m LiHua, ne f yur custmers.
拓展句：I’m LiHua, wh is ne f yur custmers.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I was having beef ndles when suddenly I fund tw flies in them, which made me disgusted.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句和which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Persnally, it’s time that yur service shuld be imprved t live up t the custmers’ expectatins.（运用了that引导的定语从句和虚拟语气）
第二节 （满分 25 分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Secret Prmise Kept
When I was a little by, I lved t visit the fire statin where my father wrked. Smetimes Dad wuld give me a ten cents t buy a sda (汽水).
One day, I tk tw friends t the statin t shw my dad ff. I asked Dad if we culd each have a sda befre we went hme fr lunch. I sensed just the slightest hesitatin in my father’s vice. But he said “sure” and gave us each a dime (一毛钱). We each bught a sda and headed hme fr lunch and a summer afternn f swimming.
When I came hme, I heard my parents talking. Mm seemed upset with Dad, and then I heard my name mentined. “Yu shuld have just said yu didn’t have mney fr sdas. Brian wuld have understd. We dn’t have any extra mney, and yu need t have yur lunch.”
I suddenly realized the sacrifice (牺牲) my father had made fr it. Fr the next twenty years, he wrked three jbs t supprt my big family.
One afternn Dad’s ld car brke dwn, and he asked me t take him t his dctr’s appintment. As I pulled up t the firehuse, I saw Dad utside arund a brand-new pickup truck with the ther firemen. It was a beauty. Dad said, “Smeday, I’ll wn a truck like that.”
My brthers and I were ding well in business. We had ffered t buy him a truck, but he refused.
When Dad stepped ut f the dctr’s ffice, his face was pale. “Let’s g,” was all he said.
We drve by the ld huse, the lake and the crner stre, and Dad started talking abut the memries each place held and hw prud he was f us. That was when I knew he was dying, which ttally shcked me. He made me prmise that I wuld never tell anyne f his impending (迫近的) death. I agreed, knwing it was the tughest secret t keep.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At the time, I was just lking t buy a new truck, s I invited Dad t g t the lcal car dealer’s (经销商) shp with me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I walked t my father with the key t the brwn truck.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
At the time, I was lking t buy a new truck, s I invited Dad t g t the lcal car dealer’s (经销商) shp with me. As we entered the shwrm and I started talking with the salesman, I sptted Dad lking at a beautiful chclate-brwn pickup truck, running his hand ver it. I said t my father, “Dad, yu really like that brwn truck, dn’t yu?” Dad ndded smilingly. “Why dn’t yu g inside and see hw it feels? I’ll lk at the ther trucks.” Having lked arund, I decided n a blue truck. I tld the salesman I wuld take the brwn ne t, fr my dad, after which we made the deal.
I walked t my father with the key t the brwn truck t my father. “Dad, the brwn truck is yurs nw. A gift frm me.” “What?!” he exclaimed surprisedly, “I can’t accept it.” “Yu have made t many sacrifices fr us. Yu deserve it.” Hearing what I said, Dad held my hands tightly, tears welling up in his eyes, saying, “Thank yu, sn.” I asked him t prmise me nt t tell anyne I bught the truck fr him. Grinning frm ear t ear, he ndded a yes gladly and gt int his dream car. We bth kept ur prmise, knwing it was a prmise f lve.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者还是小男孩的时候常去父亲的消防站，有时会从父亲那里得到一毛钱买汽水喝。有一天，作者带了两个朋友去父亲的消防站，想炫耀一下，请父亲给大家买汽水喝，父亲犹豫之后答应了。结果回家之后，父亲受到了母亲的抱怨，作者才知道父亲的不易。作者的家庭经济状况不好，父亲一人干了三份工作来支持大家庭。长大后，作者和兄弟们生意做得不错，于是提议给父亲买他梦想的崭新卡车，但是他没有答应。父亲从医生那里得知自己得了重病，要求作者帮助他保守秘密，作者答应了。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当时，我正想买一辆新卡车，所以我邀请父亲和我一起去当地的汽车经销商商店”可知，第一段可描写父亲很喜欢一辆卡车，以及作者将那辆车和自己相中的车一起买下。
②由第二段首句内容“我拿着棕色卡车的钥匙走向父亲”可知，第二段可描写作者顺利把车送给父亲，以及让父亲保守他买下这辆卡车的秘密。
2. 续写线索：作者和父亲去汽车经销商商店——父亲喜欢一辆卡车——作者为父亲买下卡车——作者拿着钥匙走向父亲——作者送出卡车——作者让父亲保守秘密
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①开始：start/begin
②交谈：talk/chat/cnverse
③注意到：spt/ntice/see
④惊叫：exclaim/cry/shut
情绪类
①惊讶地：surprisedly/amazedly/astnishedly
②开心地：gladly/happily/jyfully
【点睛】[高分句型1] I tld the salesman I wuld take the brwn ne t, fr my dad, after which we made the deal. (运用了省略that引导的宾语从句、“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Hearing what I said, Dad held my hands tightly, tears welling up in his eyes, saying “Thank yu, sn.” (运用了现在分词作状语、what引导宾语从句、独立主格结构)