初中英语考试专题：介词和连词精讲+精练+答案

这是一份初中英语考试专题：介词和连词精讲+精练+答案，共10页。
介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：
The by ver there is Jhn’s brther. (定语)
The girl will be back in tw hurs. (状语)
Our English teacher is frm Australia. (表语)
Help yurself t sme fish. (宾语补足语)
常用介词的用法辨析
（1）表时间的介词
1）at, in n
表示时间点用at。例如：at six ’clck, at nn, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the mrning, in the afternn等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用n。例如：n Mnday, n July 1st, n Sunday mrning等。
2） since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：
I haven’t heard frm him since last summer.
After five days the by came back.
3） in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：
He will be back in tw mnths.
He will arrive after fur ’clck.
He returned after a mnth.
（2）表示地点的介词
1）at, in, n
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；n往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village befre dark.
There is a big hle in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture n the wall.
2）ver, abve, n
ver, n和abve都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 abve也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是belw。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge ver the river.
We flew abve the cluds.
They put sme flwers n the teacher’s desk.
3） acrss, thrugh
acrss和thrugh均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Acrss的含义与n有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Thrgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：
The dg ran acrss the grass.
The by swam acrss the river.
They walked thrugh the frest.
I pushed thrugh the crwds.
4) in frnt f, in the frnt f
in frnt f 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the frnt f 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：
There are sme tall trees in frnt f the building.
The teacher is sitting in the frnt f the classrm.
介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen t , laugh at, get t, lk fr wait fr, hear frm, turn n, turn ff, wrry abut, think f, lk after, spend…n…, 等。
（2）介词与名词的搭配
n time, in time, by bus, n ft, with pleasure, n ne’s way t, in truble, at breakfast, at the end f, in the end等。
（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late fr, be afraid f, be gd at, be interested in, be angry with, be full f, be srry fr等。
2连词的用法
连词的功能
用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：
(1)表并列关系的and, bth…and, nt nly…but als, neither…nr等。
(2)表选择关系的r, either…r等。
(3)表转折关系的but, while等。
(4)表因果关系的fr, s等。
从属连词
从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：
(1)引导时间状语从句的after, befre, when, while, as, until, till, since, as sn as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。
(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。
(4)引导目的状语从句的s that, in rder that等。
(5)引导让步状语从句的thugh, althugh, even if等。
(6)引导结果状语从句的s that, s…that, such…that等。
(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。
(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。
常用连词的用法辨析
（1） while, when, as
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。
1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking dwn the street I nticed a plice car.
2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mther was cking lunch, I was ding my hmewrk.
3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：
As children get lder, they becme mre and mre interested in things arund them.
4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a lud cry.
She lked behind frm time t time as she went
5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：
When he finished his wrk, he tk a shrt rest.
6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：
When Jhn arrived I was cking lunch.
（2）as, because, since , fr
这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。
1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：
I stayed at hme because it rained.
---Why aren’t yu ging?
---Because I dn’t want t.
2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：
As he wasn’t ready, we left withut him.
Since I have n mney, I can’t buy any fd.
3) fr用来补充说明一种理由，因此，fr引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。Fr引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：
I decided t stp and have lunch----fr I was feeling quite hungry.
（3）if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：
I wnder whether (if) yu still study in that schl.
I dn’t knw whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：
1) 引导主语从句时。例如：
Whether he will cme t the party is unknwn.
2) 引导表语从句时。例如：
The questin is whether I can pass the exam.
3) 在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether t g there r nt.
（4）s…that,
1) s…that中的s是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而suchthat中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：
I’m s tired that I can’t walk any farther.
It was such a warm day that he went swimming.
2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用s,不用such。例如：
He has s little educatin that he is unable t get a jb.
I have had s many falls that I am black and blue all ver.
（5）either…r…, neither…nr, nt nly…but als…
这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，
谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：
Either yu r he is wrng.
Neither he nr his children like fish.
Nt nly the teacher but als the students want t buy the bk.
（6）althugh, but
这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Althugh he is
ver sixty, but he wrks as hard as thers.”这个句子应改为：Althugh he is ver sixty, he wrks as hard as thers.或He is ver sixty, but he wrks as hard as thers.
（7）because, s
这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because Jhn
was ill, s I tk him t the dctr.” 这个句子应改为Because Jhn was ill, I tk him t the dctr.或Jhn was ill, s I tk him t the dctr.
【实例解析】
1. ---When will Mr Black cme t Beijing?
---___________ September 5.
A. On B. T C. At D. In
答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词n。
2.The bys felt sad as they lst ________ the girls in the talk shw.
A. by B. in C. t D. n
答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lse表示输给谁的时候用介词t。应选C。
3.---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.
---Oh! Yu mustn’t d it like that, ________ it may have an accident.
A. and B. r C. s D. but
答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有r含有这样的意思，所以应选B。
4. Jhn fell asleep ________ he was listening t the music.
A. after B. befre C. while D. as sn as
答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用while。因此应选C。
【中考演练】
一、单项填空
1. We traveled vernight t Paris and arrived _______ 5 ’clck ______ the mrning.
A. n; in B. at; in C. at; n D. in; n
2. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.
A. beside B. abut C. except D. with
3. She sent her friend a pstcard _______ a birthday present.
A. n B. as C. fr D. f
4. Jack has studied Chinese in this schl _______ the year f 2000.
A. since B. in C. n D. by
5. ---What is a writing brush, d yu knw?
---It’s _______ writing and drawing.
A. with B. t C. fr D. by
6. English is widely used ______ travellers and business peple all ver the wrld.
A. t B. fr C. as D. by
7. ______ the help f my teacher, I caught up with the ther students.
A. Under B. In C. With D. On
8. Hng Kng is ______ the suth f China, and Maca is ______ the west f Hng Kng.
A. in; t B. t; t C. t; in D. in; in
9. ---Yu’d better nt g ut nw. It’s raining.
---It desn’t matter. My new cat can keep ______ rain.
A. in B. f C. with D. ff
10. Japan lies ______ the east f China.
A. t B. in C. abut D. at
11. ---Will the freigners have any prblems talking with Chinese in 2008?
---I dn’t think s. Nw ______ the yung ______ the ld can speak sme English.
A. either…r B. nt nly… but als
C. neither…nr D. bth…r
12. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late.
A. s B. because C. but D. thugh
13. Tm failed in the exam again _______ he wanted t pass it very much.
A. if B. s C. thugh D. as
14. I wn’t believe that the five-year-ld by can read five thusand wrds ______ I have tested him myself.
A. after B. when C. if D. until
15. The bk was s interesting that he had read it fr three hurs ______ he realized it.
A. when B. until C. after D. befre
16. ---This dress was last year’s style.
---I think it still lks perfect ______ it has gne ut this year.
A. s that B. even thugh C. as if D. ever since
17. Hurry up, _______ yu will miss the train.
A. and B. s C. hwever D. r
18. The muntain was ______ steep _____ few peple in ur city reached the tp.
A. s…as B. s…that C. as…as D. t…t
19. ---D yu remember ur pleasant jurney t Xi’an?
---Of curse. I remember everything ______ it happened yesterday.
A. as sn as B. even thugh
C. rather than D. as if
20. ______ yu can’t answer this questin, we have t ask smene else fr help.
A. Althugh B. While C. Whether D. Since
二、用适当的介词填空
1. ---Hw are yu ging t the train statin t meet yur aunt?
---I’m ging there _______ my car.
2. Mum, tday is Mther’s Day. Mike and I want t invite yu t have dinner _____ us at Zhnglu Restaurant.
3. Hangzhu is famus ______ the West Lake.
4. Tday sme newly-prduced mbile phnes can take pictures ______ a camera.
5. Culd yu tell me if there is a flight t the capital ______ March, 25th?
6. We all agree ______ yu. Let’s start at nce.
7. There is a big shp ______ the ther side f the rad.
8. ---Which necklace have yu lst?
---The ne yu gave me _____ my birthday.
9. Yu shuld take mre exercise. It’s gd ______ yur health.
10. It is clear that fish cannt live _______ water.
三、用适当的连词填空
1. ______ they are brthers, they dn’t lk like each ther at all.
2. The dress was very expensive, ______ I didn’t buy it.
3. ---D yu knw ______ I culd pass the exam?
---Srry, I’ve n idea.
4. Mr. Brwn knws little Japanese, ______ he can’t understand the instructins n the bttle f the pills.
5. The war was ver abut a year ag, ______ the American sldiers in Iraq are still having a lt f truble t deal with.
6. ---Is David at schl tday?
---N. He is at hme _______ he has a bad cld.
7. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may g with yu because ne f them must stay at hme.
8. Study hard, _____ yu are sure t have a gd result in the exam.
9. Please have a wash _______ yu g t bed.
10. The twins have learned a lt ______ they came t China.
【练习答案】
一. 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C
6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A
11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.D
16.B 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.D
二. 1.in 2.with 3.fr 4.like 5.n
6.with 7.n 8.fr 9.fr 10.withut
三. 1.Althugh/ Thugh 2.s
3.if/ whether 4.s
5.but 6.because
7.Either…r 8.and
9.befre 10.since