【学考复习】（新教材专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 专题16 完形填空-讲义

这是一份【学考复习】（新教材专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 专题16 完形填空-讲义，文件包含学考复习新教材专用2024年高中英语学业水平考试专题讲解专题16完形填空讲义原卷版docx、学考复习新教材专用2024年高中英语学业水平考试专题讲解专题16完形填空讲义解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共66页， 欢迎下载使用。
熟悉语篇结构，根据局内层次、句组层次和语篇层次答题
掌握答题技巧，明确答题步骤
掌握词汇基本用法通过真题和美文渗透文化意识、语言意识和思维品质

1.语法
名词词形：单复数变形，名词的可数和不可数。这个比较简单，但是，你对这个知识点的认知一定要非常明确，别糊里糊涂，否则在考试中一着急很容易出错，我也吃过亏。
动词词形：包括动词的时态，语态，语气，分词，动名词，不定式等结构
词组搭配：这部分重点在平常的积累，如果课文中遇到要有心的加强记忆
主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则
比较级：重视形容词、副词的比较形式的应用
冠词以及不定代词
语法部分其实不是特别难，但是需要你很熟悉这些语法点。日常学习中多积累和归纳，做一个笔记本，把常用常考的部分都记录下来，经常复习，一定会有效果。举个例子：
Ask yur friends r parents t save_____envelpes fr yu.
A.used B. using C. wasted D. gd
句意是：让你的朋友或父母为你保留____信封。不难判断，这里应该填使用过的。表过去，表被动应该使用过去分词used，那么，我们判断出这题的答案是A。
2.词汇
词汇题一般考实义词，包括名词，形容词，副词。出题方向包括这些词汇的同义词，反义词，还包括易混词的辨析等。常出现的考察点是，动词搭配不同的介词，会有不同的释义。遇到这类词汇题，需要同学们准确想出词汇的意思，避免混淆和模棱两可。例如：
We will lk ut fr each ther and that's hw we will ____ this difficulty.
A. get away B. get ff
C.get ut D. get thrugh
我们一起来看上述这道题，分别来分析一下四个选项。
get away表示离开；逃脱
get ff 脱下；动身去某地
get ut 离开；出去
get thrugh 度过，熬过（困难时期等）
知道了这四个词的意思，我们再来看原文中给我们的提示，这个词组后跟的名词是difficulty，根据句意，这里选D，意思是我们彼此照料，这便是我们度过难关的方式。
3.语篇
语篇是完形填空考察的重点。英语语言的特点，使得英语的语篇连接十分紧密。这一考点要求学生对文章的整体有一个全面的了解，根据文章的段落结构以及内容的逻辑顺序，来选择答案。语篇题涉及大量过渡词及连词的用法。例如：
表原因：because,because f, thanks t, due t, result frm, since, n accunt f/that
表结果：cnsequently,as a result, thus, hence, therefre
表转折：but, yet,anyway, nevertheless, hwever
表补充：als, besides,further, mrever, additinally, in additin, furthermre
例如：
I can’t believe she did it 16.____,She’s a very brave little girl and we are all very prud f her.
A.Anyway B. Otherwise C.Besides D. Furthermre
这句话的意思是我无法相信她这么做了。____，她是一个勇敢的小女孩，我们都以她为骄傲。很明显，根据作者的语气，可以判断这里前后句存在着转折关系。而四个选项中，表示转折的有anyway但是，所以选A。
高考英语完形填空中十种逻辑关系
1因果关系
文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, s, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] Every yearabut 40000 peple attempt t climb Kilimanjar, the highest muntain inAfrica.They __41 with them lts f waste.The 42 mightdamage the beauty f the place. (2019年全国卷1)
41.A. keep B. mix C. cnnect D. Bring
42.A. stries B. buildings C. crwds D. reprters
解析：这两道题可以通过三句话之间的隐性因果关系来解决。第一句说明每年约有四万人尝试攀登乞力马扎罗山，由于人数多，因此他们带来了大量垃圾；由于大量人群产生大量垃圾，所以破坏了这个地方的美景，因此41题选D，42选C。
[例2] They saw a man_____36_____ut f a garbage can. She asked her mther why he did that and her mther said that the man was hmeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)
36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving
解析：后一句中的“the man was hmeless and hungry（这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘）”表示原因，本句表示结果，即前果后因。由因推果，可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”，故选B。
2条件关系
条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, n cnditin that等。
[例3] “I can help, Mum！” James said. “_____44_____ I can make yu and Dad feel better, can Brett cme ver? Please？” (2014年江西卷)
A. As B. If C. Since D. Befre
解析：“如果我能让你和父亲感觉好一点儿”与“Brett能过来吗？”是条件与结果的关系，故选B。
[例4]The children f Nme wuld be _____37_____ if it (a deadly infectius disease mainly affecting children) struck the twn. Dr. Welch needed medicine as sn as pssible t stp ther kids frm getting sick. (2016年北京卷)
37. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless
解析：由从句条件推知主句结果。由 “如果这种（主要传染给孩子的致命的）疾病袭击了这个镇子”可推知，“Nme镇的孩子们就会很无助了”，故选B。
3让步关系
一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步关联词有despite，in spite f, regardless f等，连词类有thugh，althugh，as和while以及even if, even thugh等。
[例5]Lking arund, he cntinued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. _____33_____ skills and talents bring great success, the mst valuable asset(财富)ne can hld is the heart.” (2016年天津卷)
33. A. Althugh B. Since C. Once D. Because
解析由主句“the mst valuable asset(财富)ne can hld is the heart (然而，一个人拥有的最大财富是内心)”可推知空格所在句句意为“虽然或尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功”，故选A。
[例6]Hard thugh she tried t make the kids _____40_____， the thunder wn the battle fr their attentin. (2013年重庆卷)
40．A. cncentrate B.change C．hide D．sit
解析：考查通过让步关系推断出正确答案。根据thugh可知，前后分句之间为让步关系。句意为“尽管她尽力让孩子们集中注意力，雷声却吸引了孩子们的注意力”。故选A。
4转折关系
当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思， 即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。常见关联词：hwever, but, n the cntrary等。
[例7] We went 10—1 and I was named mst valuable player, _____48_____ I ften had crazy dreams in which I was t blame fr Miller’s accident. (2016年全国Ⅱ卷)
48. A. and B. then C. but D. thus
解析：“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系，故选项C正确。
[例8] Dr. Welch needed medicine as sn as pssible t stp ther kids frm getting sick. _____38_____, the clsest supply was ver 1, 000 miles away, in Anchrage. (2016年北京卷)
38. A. Mrever B. Therefre C. Otherwise D. Hwever
解析：因“韦尔奇医生迫切需要药品来预防小孩子们患病”与“最近的药品供应站也在一千英里之外的安克雷奇”为转折关系，故选D。

[例9] The lessns they learned may nt be _____40_____ what they wuld have gtten in schl，but are certainly mre persnal and meaningful，because they had t wrk them ut n their wn. (2015 年全国Ⅱ卷)
40．A. harmful t B．mixed with C．different frm D．applied t
解析：由转折连词but后一分句可推知整句的句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别(different frm)，但一定更加个性化，更有意义，因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”，故选C。

5对比关系
当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while, whereas, nt….. but, instead等。
[例10]The prfessr was deaf and any talking was prhibited. I sn realized that the silence was nt unpleasant._____58_____, if there had been any talking, it wuld have caused us t learn less. (2017年新课标Ⅰ卷)
58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. Hwever
解析：考查对比关系的关联词。 “I sn realized that the silence was nt unpleasant(我很快意识到安静不是不令人愉快的)”和“if there had been any talking, it wuld have caused us t learn less(如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少)”是对比关系，故选C。
[例11]Nrthern Eurpeans usually d nt like having bdily cntact (接触) even with friends, certainly nt with strangers. Peple frm Latin American cuntries，_____45_____, tuch each ther quite a lt. (2012年全国Ⅰ卷)
45. A. in ther wrds B. n the ther hand C. in a similar way D. By all means
解析：“拉丁美洲的人相互之间身体接触较多”与前一句“北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人”之间为对比关系，用n the ther hand(另一方面)，故选B。

6并列关系
在用并列连词and或nt nly…but als把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，既可以是同近义并列，也可以反义并列。解题时，可从一个简单句推知正确答案。
[例12] Freddy was an average student, but nt an average persn. He had the rare balance f fun and cmpassin（同情）. He wuld laugh the ludest ver fun and be the saddest ver anyne’s_____46_____. (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)
46. A. misfrtune B. disbelief C. dishnesty D. mistake
解析：根据并列连词and和前一分句中的fun以及46空前面的saddest不难判断：两分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，且是反义并列，故选A。

[例13] Then came the final awards ceremny at the end f the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there t _____30_____ her friends and praise their accmplishments. (2016年天津卷)
30. A. cheer n B. cmpete with C. respnd t D. run after
解析：根据“and praise their accmplishments”可推知，30空应为：为某人鼓劲加油，故选A。
7递进关系
所谓递进关系，是指后一分句以前一分句为基点，并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。常见关联词有even, besides, what’s mre等。
[例14]They had begun t integrate (融合) the kinds f play and teamwrk they hadseen the day befre int their game. They played aggressively and _____36_____ scred a gal. (2015年全国II卷)
B.still C.seldm D.again
解析：前文说她们把前一天从对手身上“看到”的技巧和合作精神融入到自己的比赛中。由“她们表现得很有进攻性”与“(甚至)还进了一球”是递进关系，故选A。

[例15] Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an irned shirt tells me I am gd at smething. _____46_____, thrugh irning I've learned the methd fr slving even the mst trublesme prblems. (2014年湖南卷)
46. A. Instead B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Hwever
解析：“无论我在生活中遇到什么失败，熨烫衣服说明我还有某种强项”与“(而且)通过熨烫衣服，我已经学会了解决最难问题的方法”之间为递进关系，故选B。

8解释关系
解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。解释的方法既可通过某些动词（mean, be和suggest等），也可通过某些符号（破折号，冒号和括号等），或者关联词(fr example/instance, namely等)。 这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。
[例16] In the mre than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lt f _____51_____. Fr example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recgnizing the effrts f yung peple t change the wrld. (2017年北京卷)
51. A. praises B. invitatins C. replies D. appintments
解析：由fr example可知，两句之间为解释关系。并且由后一句的句意“例如，她获得2007年度的BRICK Award大奖”可知，51空处应表示“奖励”，故选A。
[例17] On January 31, a musher named Seppala had t crss a frzen bdy f water called Nrtn Sund. It was the mst_____48_____ part f the jurney. Nrtn Sund was cvered with ice, which culd smetimes break up withut warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall int the icy water belw. (2016年北京卷)
48. A. shameful B. bring C. dangerus D. flish
解析：空后的句子“Nrtn Sund was cvered with ice, which culd smetimes break up withut warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall int the icy water belw. ”是对48空所在句子的解释，由这一解释可知“这是旅途中最危险的一部分”，故选C。
9顺序关系
当前后句之间的逻辑关系为顺序关系时，它们往往表示某一事件或动作的连续发生。值得注意的是，顺序关系有时不是指前后句之间，而是存在于上下段或上下文之间。常见关联词有t begin with, first f all, first(ly), secnd(ly), then, next, in the end, finally, last but nt least 等。
[例18]In 1973, I was teaching elementary schl. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Labratry.”… Befre the schl year_____47_____, I gave the kids a special gift, … (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)
47. A. changed B. apprached C. returned D. ended
解析：前文说作者正在教小学，根据 “I gave the kids a special gift ”，可知从句应表示“在本学年结束之前”，故选D。
[例19]And I went int a speech abut hw hard I wrked and the gains I was making. I must have talked fr ten minutes. Kurt listened patiently, but then he_____42_____smiled and said, “Yu dn’t have a persnal plan fr grwth, d yu?” (2016江苏卷)
42. A. eagerly B. gradually C. gratefully D. finally
解析：由信号词then可知，前后分句之间的逻辑关系为顺序关系。根据语境可知：耐心听完之后，Kurt才最后微笑着说“Yu dn’t have a persnal plan fr grwth, d yu?”。故选D。
10.时间关系
时间状语从句常由when, while, after, befre, as sn as等引导。解题时一定要认真研究前后句之间的逻辑关系，结合语境推断出最佳选项。
[例20] The race began n January 27. The first musher, Shannn, picked up the medicine frm the train at Nenana and rde all night. _____46_____he handed the medicine t the next musher, Shannn’s face was black frm the extreme cld. (2016年北京卷)
46. A. Thugh B. Since C. When D. If
解析：前后句之间的逻辑关系为时间关系，且从句意（当他把药给下一位 赶狗拉雪橇的人的时候，Shannn的脸因极度的寒冷而冻得发黑。）来判定46空处应为：当……的时候，故选C。
[例21]In his first years f high schl, Gabriel wuld lk pityingly at music students, struggling acrss the campus with their heavy instrument cases，turning up at schl fr practice hurs _____38_____ anyne else had t be there. (2017年江苏卷)
38. A. befre B. after C. until D. since
解析：根据38空的前后句可知Gabriel不喜欢音乐，其中的一个原因就是学音乐的学生要比规定的到校时间早几个小时到校去练习音乐，故选A。
完形填空题的解题原则
01语义优先于语法原则
由于文章的开头部分一般不设空格,而是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示,并且单纯的语法题几乎从该题型中消失。
如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就陷入了答题误区,因为几乎每一题的四个选项都符合语法规则;理解文章的大意并结合语言结构对每个空格作出正确的判断，方为上策。

02词内选项句内找原则
从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。
如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。
03四遍法原则
考生正确的答题步骤应该是：
首先跳过空格通读全文，了解短文的大意及文章的体裁，同时将一眼就看出答案的几道题答出；
第二遍是答题的关键，考生应一个个地去推敲，切忌按题号顺序答题，不能确定的先跳过去，先易后难是答题原则；
第三遍是通篇考虑，把一些上下文联系很强，甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好；
第四遍是检查，做完后再通读一遍全文，从整体把握文章的意思，修正与全文不相称的选项。

完形填空14个答题妙招
01.跳读首尾句进行预测
一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, wh, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。
首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。
Evelyn Glennie was the first lady f sl percussin in Sctland. In an interview, she recalled hw she became a percussin slist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite f her disability.
本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。
02.利用语法分析解题
完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：
___8___ I had beenbrn in the 16th century, I wuld have had n jb.
A. Because B. While C.If D. Since
【解析】根据后面的I had been brn in the16th century可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用 if 引导。
03.利用固定搭配解题
完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：
They culdn’t read rwrite. They didn’t like t wrk and they never ___12___ baths.
A. tk B. washed C.ran D. cvered
【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。

04.利用固定句型解题
完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：
It wasn’t lng___18___the plice caught the thief.
A. after B. when C.befre D. until
【解析】It wasn’t lng befre…是常用句型，意为“不久就……”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。
05.利用复现信息解题
语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：
I put my head in,expecting the wrst. But t my surprise, the rm wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings n the wall. And then n the well-madebed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dressed neatly.
A. rmmate B.classmate C. neighbr D. cmpanin
【解析】名词同现，空格前出现了rm, furniture,curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。
06.利用跳读法解题
一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：
“Visitrs!” repeated Jsh, wide-awake at nce. He___1___ up and lked arund. A shrt distance away, a grup f___2___ std quietly watching us. One f them ___3___ walking tward us. We bth jumped t ur ___4___ nt knwing what t expect.
1. A. sat B. stayed C.thught D. put
2. A. pilts B.natives C. editrs D. assistants
3. A. avided B.delayed C. began D. desired
4. A. bat B. car C.hrses D. feet
【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump t ne’s feet (跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Jsh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A;最后，根据句首Visitrs可推知第二空的答案为B。
07.巧用排除法解题
在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：
The wman lked carefully at me ___5___ thrugh her glasses, and then questined me in a lw vice.
A. as usual B. fr awhile C. in a minute D. nce again
【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是in a minute (立刻、马上);既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是as usual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用nce again(再一次)是不合理的。所以，答案只能是B.

08.利用逻辑关系解题
尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。
(1) 句中逻辑关系
Vitamins are similar because they are made f the same elements—usually carbn, hydrgen, xygen,and___45___nitrgen. They are different in that their elements are arrangeddifferently, and each vitamin perfrms ne r mre specific functins in thebdy.
A. mstly B. partly C.smetimes D. rarely
【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbn, hydrgen, xygen这些维生素成分和and 后面的nitrgen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰 carbn, hydrgen, xygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrgen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mstly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项smetimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。
(2) 句间逻辑关系
在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：
Ms Cleveland des nt keep her wrkers n a shrt leash. ___13___, she encurages them t get___14___ ways t d business.
A. Still B. Yet C.Instead D. While
【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。
(3) 段间逻辑关系
这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：
Nt everyne sees that prcess in perspective. It is imprtant t d s.
It is generally recgnized, ___29___, that the intrductin f the cmputer in the early 20thcentury, fllwed by the inventin f the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the prcess, althugh its impact in the media was nt immediately apparent.
A. indeed B. hence C.hwever D. therefre
【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现;第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第二段的第一句，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。

09.巧用背景常识解题
解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。
当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如：
After ___2___ theBritish flag at the Ple, they tk a phtgraph f themselves befre theystarted the 950-mile jurney back.
A. grwing B. puttingC. planting D. laying
【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。

10.利用对比结构解题
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如：
A pupil wh can d his hmewrk in a quiet and___59___rm is in a much better psitin than a pupil wh des his hmewrk in a small, nisy rm with the televisin n.
A. furnished B.expensive C. cmfrtable D. suitable
【解析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, nisy rwith the televisin n存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。
11.利用平行结构解题
平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。
命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。如：
Cmpanies with lw accident rates plan their safety prgrams, wrk hard t rganize them, and cntinue wrking t keep them ___42___ and active.
A. alive B. vivid C.mbile D. diverse
【解析】因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。
12利用暗示和对应解题
完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和单词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。
考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如：
wuld jinstudent grups t discuss a variety f ___47___: agriculture, diving and mathematics.
A. questins B.subjects C. matters D. cntents
【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture，diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。
13根据文章的感情色彩解题
考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如：
I was s surprisedthat I was ___47___(speechless). My cusin must have made an effrt t gethimself int shape. ___48___(As a result), at the pint in ur game when I’dhave predicted the scre t be abut 9 t 1 in my favr, it was___49___(instead) 7 t 9 and Ed was 50 (leading).
【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effrt，get int shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。
14综合利用各种线索解题
完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic andmrphlgical clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical clues)、社会文化线索(sci-cultural clues)，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。如：
And the clerkcnfirmed that his plane was leaving at nine ’clck three days frm that day…Since he was ___44___ in three days, Andy didn’t lse any time.
A. mving B. returning C. staying D. leaving
【解析】单从这句来看，考生实难判断出正确答案，但如果结合前文，就可以找到设空部分的解题线索——上文中出现的词汇leaving。故本题答案为D。
平时的练习方法和提高途径
良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良好的语法功底，有人说，“得阅读者得天下”。完形填空也不例外。
培养自己良好的阅读习惯应做到：
1、要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认；
2、要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读；
3、要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读；
4、要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译；
5、要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典；
6、逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。
做题之后注意总结和彻底查清单词的辨义，同时辅以必要的语法书作查缺补漏之用。完形填空题型只要经过科学的训练，相信同学们会得到长足的进步。

(2023年湖南省)I was a smartphne addict. The first thing I did when I wke up was reach fr my _____16_____. Hwever, smetimes I sensed that I culd have dne smething mre _____17_____ than just lking at a tiny screen all day. Sliding int the habit was easy, but it was difficult t _____18_____ the habit.
Then the day came when I finally _____19_____ I had t make a change. Head dwn, eyes n my smartphne, I stepped int the rad and a car sht past, nearly killing me! At that very mment, I made up my mind t spend a whle _____20_____ withut my smartphne.
The first day was the _____21_____. I kept reaching fr my pcket, fr my smartphne that was nt there. I felt lst and anxius. Then smehw I began t feel free. I ____22____ the classic nvel I had always wanted t read. I kept a jurnal f my feelings, thughts and daily activities t see hw much prgress I was making. ____23____, I began t appreciate the beauty in ____24____ with my wn eyes, instead f thrugh my smartphne camera.
By the end f the week, I almst did nt _____25_____ t turn my phne back n. Thse seven days have given me a great appreciatin fr life beynd the screen- a life, richer and mre beautiful.
16. A. nvelB. smartphneC. jurnalD. camera
17. A. meaningfulB. cmfrtableC. difficultD. stressful
18. A. shareB. develpC. quitD. acquire
19. A. realizedB. suggestedC. admittedD. agreed
20. A. hurB. dayC. weekD. mnth
21. A. happiestB. bestC. busiestD. hardest
22. A. made upB. picked upC. gave awayD. tk away
23. A. UsuallyB. GenerallyC. PrbablyD. Finally
24. A. musicB. scienceC. lifeD. wrk
25. A. wantB. agreeC. hesitateD. fail
(2022年福建省)Labr is imprtant and necessary fr everyne. I am glad that I learned the___16___f wrk when I was a child.
I grew up n a farm. We had t care fr such ___17___as cws and sheep frm mrning till evening, seven days a week. ___18___during schl vacatins and n weekends we still had___19___wrk t d. I was paid fr my wrk. Frm the age f 10, my parents___20___me $1 an hur. Because f this, I learned hw t___21___mney. When I was nly 11, I saved enugh t buy a ten-speed bicycle. In high schl, I___22___a jb in a nearby twn during the summer t save mney___23___cllege. I learned hw t manage mney at an ___24___age.
I als learned the satisfactin f wrk well dne. The yung animals were my respnsibility. Mst____25____ften had prblems with their yung cws getting sick. I was prud that my yung cws were usually ____26____. I lved it when the whle family ____27____tgether t get in hay (干草) befre a rainstrm. It was exciting when we jumped ut f bed in the middle f the night t____28____the cws in the field after they had escaped thrugh a brken fence. Ding hard wrk at an early age____29____me hw valuable it can be. And frm these____30____I learned t be cnfident and self-disciplined (自律的).
16. A. valueB. differenceC. amunt
17. A. shpsB. animalsC. plants
18. A. SeldmB. NeverC. Even
19. A. farmB. fficeC. research
20. A. leftB. paidC. lent
21. A. giveB. returnC. save
22. A. gtB. lstC. refused
23. A. fB. inC. fr
24. A. ldB. earlyC. average
25. A. teachersB. farmersC. engineers
26. A. healthyB. nervusC. weak
27. A. ateB. studiedC. wrked
28. A. bring upB. put awayC. lk fr
29. A. prvidedB. taughtC. intrduced
30. A. experiencesB. discussinsC. directins
(2022年广西)When I was a primary schl student, I didn’t like ding husewrk at all. I thught I was a little child and that I just needed t study hard t get gd grades. S I didn’t d any___21___at hme.
One day, my mther___22___back hme frm wrk. She fund that I had made a mess (乱七八糟) in the huse. My bks and clthes were everywhere. She was annyed (恼火) and said t me___23___, “Frm nw n, yu must d sme husewrk every day!” Hearing my mther’s ___24___, I felt unhappy. But I still did as she said.
Ding husewrk was mre difficult than I had expected. I began t understand that life was nt ___25___ fr my parents. They had t d a lt f husewrk after they came back hme___26___wrk. S I decided t d mre husewrk. I tidied my rm and ___27___my clthes. I helped my___28___ck meals in the evening. My parents praised ___29___fr my changes.
Nw I realize that ding husewrk can nt nly reduce ur parents’ burden (负担)____30____als help us t learn many basic life skills.
21. A. shppingB. readingC. husewrkD. sprts
22. A. cameB. tuchedC. madeD. frgt
23. A. happilyB. bravelyC. easilyD. angrily
24. A. dreamsB. newsC. wrdsD. jkes
25. A. terribleB. easyC. ppularD. difficult
26. A. intB. verC. abutD. frm
27. A. bughtB. sldC. washedD. enjyed
28. A. parentsB. friendsC. teachersD. classmates
29. A. yuB. meC. himD. her
30. A. rB. sC. frD. but
Fur children in Clmbia survived a plane crash. They were 1 in the jungle (丛林) fr 40 days befre they were finally 2 . Hw did the miracle f life cme abut?
Lesly, 13, was travelling with her family in a light aircraft when the engine was 3 and the aircraft crashed. All except Lesly and her three yunger brthers died.
After the accident, Lesly tk care f her yunger brthers. She 4 thrugh the wreckage (残骸) f the plane fr fd with her brthers. Once having 5 it, they sught wild fruits that they 6 t be eatable. They even used hair ribbns (丝带) t help build a 7 .
The rescuers’ discvery f a child’s drink bttle and a simple shelter gave searchers 8 that the children were still alive. T help the children, rescue packages were drpped t the jungle flr by the helicpter fr them t get 9 , alng with 10,000 brchures telling 10 n hw t survive. Speakers frm a helicpter bradcast a(n) 11 message frm the children’s grandmther telling them t stay 12 and wait fr help.
13 , a dg led the rescuers t the children, wh seemed extremely weak frm thirst, hunger and insect bites. Their aunt believed it was the wildness survival skills they learned at an early age that helped them 14 the difficult time. Lesly was highly spken f fr her curage and 15 .
1．A．fllwedB．arrangedC．cheatedD．trapped
2．A．defeatedB．cnvincedC．rescuedD．recgnized
3．A．ut f dateB．ut f actinC．in peratinD．in sight
4．A．searchedB．designedC．expectedD．remved
5．A．realizedB．spttedC．cnsumedD．gathered
6．A．pretendedB．cnfirmedC．imaginedD．hesitated
7．A．futureB．systemC．bridgeD．shelter
8．A．faithB．dubtC．luckD．regret
9．A．assumptinsB．prmtinsC．messagesD．supplies
10．A．changesB．reviewsC．tipsD．ads
11．A．ignredB．recrdedC．cmpleteD．secret
12．A．awakeB．energeticC．creativeD．still
13．A．EventuallyB．IdenticallyC．GraduallyD．Curiusly
14．A．run acrssB．take upC．get thrughD．set dwn
15．A．freedmB．wisdmC．humrD．desire
Jeff Ohs is a Califrnia firefighter. Abut mre than twenty years ag, he rescued a tw year-ld Xavier Huber frm an extremely ht huse fire. Tday, in an amazing 16 , he gets the chance t meet the sn f the man he 17 ver twenty years ag.
It seems as if that wasn’t special enugh. What makes this even mre incredibly 18 is that Xavier’s sn is the same age he was when he was rescued.
Psting a pht f him as a tddler (学步的儿童)in Jeff’s arms side by side with a present 19 f him, Xavier wrte, “At that day this firefighter, Jeff Ohs, saved me frm that building. He brught me back t 20 . Nw mre than twenty years later, he is hlding my tw-year-ld sn. I wuldn’t be here withut him.”
Jeff 21 Xavier n a bedrm flr during a search and rescue f the 22 and flame (火焰)-filled huse. After 23 him t safety, the firefighter perfrmed life-saving CPR, giving him a secnd 24 at life. Xavier had spent nearly a mnth in hspital befre he fully 25 .
Over the years he has never frgtten what the firefighter did fr him. And while he culdn’t 26 Jeff fr saving his life, he did vw (誓言)t make the mst f the life he gave him. And he seems t be 27 his prmise. Nw, with time ges by, the little by is a grwn man wh is thriving and has a 28 f his wn.
As fr Jeff, it’s a day 29 burned int his memry t. As it turns ut, Xavier wasn’t the nly thing t cme ut f that fire. Besides, a lifetime 30 was frmed ut f the flame.
16．A．accidentB．gameC．jkeD．mment
17．A．trustedB．savedC．taughtD．refused
18．A．generusB．bviusC．disappintingD．unexpected
19．A．planB．imageC．dcumentD．imaginatin
20．A．schlB．earthC．lifeD．reality
21．A．changedB．discveredC．adptedD．caught
22．A．waterB．smkeC．windD．air
23．A．rushingB．drivingC．fllwingD．inviting
24．A．psitinB．answerC．desireD．chance
25．A．recveredB．agreedC．retiredD．prepared
26．A．callB．challengeC．persuadeD．repay
27．A．living up tB．paying attentin tC．ging back tD．giving way t
28．A．familyB．hspitalC．campD．schl
29．A．traditinallyB．unluckilyC．cmpletelyD．badly
30．A．researchB．membershipC．friendshipD．educatin
Last year in early summer, I was walking t my huse when I saw tw large birds standing in my yard. They didn’t seem t 31 me until I was right in frnt f them and then they 32 disappeared int the nearby bushes. I was quite excited by the 33 f tw special birds making a nest (巢) in my yard．
A few weeks later, the birds 34 . I fund them cruching (蹲伏) beside a tree. As I apprached them, they 35 their heads and made a craking (嘶哑地叫) sund. I didn’t knw why they were craking at me until a shrt time later I made an amazing 36 : there were tw small birds 37 arund happily.
As I inched twards the birds, 38 nt t make sudden mvements, they started their craking again, putting their necks frward s they seemed 39 and mre threatening.
The mther put the baby birds under her wings and carefully cruched dwn ver them s her babies were well 40 .
I was watching them with respect when I suddenly 41 and fell t the grund. The mther tk this as a/an 42 and the father raced twards me, 43 his wings t prtect the mther and the baby birds.
I felt srry t have disturbed them and left quickly. I am amazed by their 44 actins. Their parental lve made them s curageus. It is hard nt t shw 45 fr nature.
31．A．remindB．cnfirmC．nticeD．prtest
32．A．immediatelyB．familiarlyC．creativelyD．slwly
33．A．feelingB．senseC．pininD．idea
34．A．investigatedB．remvedC．gatheredD．reappeared
35．A．stuck utB．put dwnC．hang utD．turned arund
36．A．cllectinB．discveryC．cnclusinD．missin
37．A．jumpingB．fightingC．seekingD．marching
38．A．curiusB．patientC．wrriedD．careful
39．A．neaterB．simplerC．lngerD．strnger
40．A．fedB．hiddenC．raisedD．identified
41．A．trippedB．mvedC．alarmedD．respnded
42．A．targetB．defenceC．threatD．escape.
43．A．shtingB．spillingC．fldingD．spreading
44．A．militaryB．individualC．braveD．average
45．A．gratitudeB．respectC．emtinD．pleasure
Christmas was appraching. I still hadn’t prepared a gift fr my wife Dnna. Hwever, Dnna was gd at 46 things, and she wuld have 47 gifts fr everyne lng befre Christmas.
We had just mved t Italy and were still 48 .While Dnna was away n business, I cntinued wrking n the 49 s that we culd live in it cmfrtably. I als cared fr Princess, Dnna’s belved cat. One day, she rushed ut and was gne!
Nrthern Italy is usually 50 warm, s she wuldn’t 51 . But she might have t handle feral (野生的) cats. Our hlidays wuld be 52 if Princess wasn’t back befre Christmas. Therefre, I made a pster with a (n) 53 f Princess, a hurried drawing and a prmised pay back. Sn, peple visited me with varius feral cats because f my unclear drawing r the 54 I ffered, I culd never 55 a hungry animal. S many cats mved int ur yard sn.
Dnna’s daily calls cntinued, and s did my daily visits. I still didn’t mentin the 56 .Dnna finally returned and shwed me the gifts fr Princess as we drve hme, while 57 cnsidered hw t 58 the news.
When appraching ur hme, Dnna shuted, “Yu give me the best Christmas gift!” I was 59 . Lking arund, I saw Princess playing with ther cats in ur yard! Then I realized Dnna misunderstd my 60 .Anyway, that was hw I avided the pssible blame and gave Dnna a Christmas gift at the last minute again.
46．A．decratingB．recyclingC．evaluatingD．planning
47．A．thughtfulB．cheapC．cmmnD．similar
48．A．exercisingB．unpackingC．wanderingD．arguing
49．A．libraryB．huseC．streD．clinic
50．A．hrriblyB．abnrmallyC．reasnablyD．rarely
51．A．freezeB．escapeC．starveD．mve
52．A．replacedB．advcatedC．ruinedD．enriched
53．A．cllectinB．treatmentC．apprvalD．descriptin
54．A．rewardB．tpicC．prpsalD．assistance
55．A．turn inB．turn utC．turn nD．turn away
56．A．cmplaintB．scheduleC．disappearanceD．predictin
57．A．prudlyB．silentlyC．angrilyD．blindly
58．A．analyzeB．getC．breakD．publish
59．A．frightenedB．thrilledC．inspiredD．cnfused
60．A．purpseB．theryC．adventureD．example
【答案】
It’s never easy being the new kid in schl, especially when yu lk a little bit different frm everyne else. Aside frm the usual 61 abut nt knwing anyne at Hendersn High Schl in Tennessee, 15-year-ld Sergi Peralta wrried that peple wuld pick n him fr his 62 . Sergi’s right hand didn’t frm fully at birth.
It turned ut that his fellw students were a lt mre pen-minded than he 63 . In fact, when the schl’s engineering teacher nticed Sergi’s 64 , he suggested the students in his class shuld be able t 65 him.
The schl is 66 with nline mdeling sftware and a 3D printer, s the teacher suggested a real-life applicatin that wuld 67 bth Sergi and the ther students. Several engineering students 68 began wrking n a prsthetic (假肢) fr their new 69 .
Students 70 with Sergi t get the prsthetic right, and when it was 71 , it went beynd all expectatins. Sergi was nw 72 t catch a baseball in his right hand fr the first time in his entire life.
Beynd the practicality f having a(n) 73 prsthetic, Sergi felt smething even mre pwerful: He 74 . Rather than being laughed at fr his difference, he was celebrated and helped. “They 75 my life,” said the grateful teen.
61．A．happinessB．angerC．cnfidenceD．nervusness
62．A．impressinB．differenceC．purpseD．mistake
63．A．assumedB．regrettedC．decidedD．prved
64．A．headB．handC．clthingD．leg
65．A．cntrlB．believeC．helpD．chse
66．A．cveredB．facedC．pleasedD．equipped
67．A．examineB．attackC．benefitD．carry
68．A．eagerlyB．repeatedlyC．sadlyD．thankfully
69．A．mtherB．classmateC．teacherD．father
70．A．mixedB．agreedC．cmpetedD．wrked
71．A．treatedB．understdC．finishedD．cleaned
72．A．srryB．ableC．disappintedD．ready
73．A．usefulB．unimprtantC．terribleD．untidy
74．A．spke upB．checked inC．fit inD．came dwn
75．A．changedB．destryedC．savedD．enjyed
Several high schl ftball players made their hmetwn very prud when they rushed t help a wman trapped in her car after having an accident.
On a recent mrning, Cesar, Treyvn, Antwin, Messiah, Tysn and Alt were n their way t schl when they heard 76 frm a crashed car. A wman, believed t be in her 50s, cllided (碰撞) with anther vehicle. The 77 made bth her passenger’s and driver’s side drs shut.
Tgether, the yung men wrked t pen the passenger dr in a(n) 78 t save the wman trapped in the car. But they sn 79 they wuld als have t pen the driver’s dr in rder t 80 the wman frm her badly damaged car.
“We’re pretty big peple. We’re 81 . We play ftball, s we lift weights a lt. We used all ur muscles, but the dr was just 82 bent and brke,” said Treyvn Adams.
As the players helped the wman ut frm her crashed car, Treyvn 83 the driver f the ther vehicle t ensure his safety as well.
Meanwhile, inside the schl, math teacher Luis Gya called 911 when he 84 the crash. Mr Gya later 85 with CNN, “We are very 86 f them. This is the kind f news that we 87 . That is mre psitive.”
After the grup f guys 88 in freeing the wman trapped in her car, they received significant 89 fr their heric act. But Treyvn said, “We’ve been 90 in a lt f different ways. We appreciate it, but I feel we just did the right thing.”
76．A．sngsB．remarksC．cmplaintsD．cries
77．A．vehicleB．impactC．pliceD．wman
78．A．messB．hurC．effrtD．case
79．A．realizedB．imaginedC．admittedD．expected
80．A．bserveB．freeC．adaptD．stp
81．A．abnrmalB．carefulC．strngD．fashinable
82．A．frtunatelyB．ptentiallyC．cnstantlyD．extremely
83．A．sught frB．made fun fC．checked nD．kept in tuch with
84．A．heardB．perfrmedC．reprtedD．felt
85．A．wrkedB．sharedC．agreedD．argued
86．A．cnfidentB．ashamedC．prudD．shrt
87．A．needB．ignreC．designD．avid
88．A．failedB．wrriedC．imprvedD．succeeded
89．A．cmfrtB．attentinC．attractinD．suggestin
90．A．recgnizedB．encuragedC．warnedD．prtected