2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第07讲名词和数词(解析版)

这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第07讲名词和数词(解析版)，共4页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题名词考点细目表， 命题规律及备考策略， 名词所有格；， 名词的辨析，作宾语的补足语，作状语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第07讲 名词和数词（核心考点精讲精练）
名词


1. 三年真题名词考点细目表
题型
语法填空/短文改错/单选
高考考点
名词
新高考I卷
2023
tasty（taste）
2022
populations（population）
2021
humans（human）
新高考II卷
2023
（arrive）arrival
（interview）interviews
2022
son’s（son）
2021
representative（represent）
全国甲卷
2023
different(difference)
Warning(Warn)
butterfly改为butterflies
2022
protection(protect)
meaningful(meaning)

2021
watchtowers (watchtower)
friend改为friends

全国乙卷
2023
wonder (wonder) ；
truth改为true
2022
responsibility (responsible)
bicycle → bicycles

2021
development(develop)
  activities (activity)

北京卷
2023

2022
0
2021
ideas (idea)
天津卷
2023

2022
appetite
2021
Advances ；environment


2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年对于名词主要考查：
1．给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；
2．给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；
3. 名词所有格；
4．名词的固定搭配。
5. 名词的辨析。
【备考策略】熟练掌握名词单数变复数的基本规则，根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数；明确形容词与名词、冠词与名词之间的修饰关系以及在句中所作成分，确定名词的恰当形式。另外，在学习过程中，要注意一词多义和旧词新义。
【命题预测】
语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。





考点一 可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加－s
students，teachers，doc tors，tables
以s，x，ch，sh结尾
加－es（如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要+s, 如stomachs）
glasses，dishes，boxes，watches
以辅音字母＋y结尾
变y为i再加－es
families，babies，armies，bodies
以元音字母＋y结尾
加－s
boys，toys，pianos，photos
以f或fe结尾
大都变f或fe为v，再加－es
thieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives
少数加－s
beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs
以o结尾
通常加－s
radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos
有的加－es
heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
注意：①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以－f或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，

树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。
在这些词中，由单数变复数时，须先将f或fe变为v再加-es变成复数，即：树叶 leaf - leaves, 半数half--halves, 自己self—selves; 妻子 wife--wives, 刀knife -- knives, 长条面包loaf—loves; 架 shelf --shelves, 狼wolf --wolves, 小偷 thief—thieves;生命life-lives。
相信证据在悬崖的顶房。在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直接在词尾加-s构成，即：
相信（belief -beliefs）；悬崖（cliff - cliffs）证据（proof - proofs）上顶房（即房顶、屋顶 roof - roofs）
以上两种情况均可的：码头侏儒围围巾，手绢复数变二心。在这些词中，由单数变复数时，以上两种情况均可，即：码头（wharf）侏儒（dwarf）围围巾（scarf），手绢（handkerchief）复数变二心（即以上两种情况均可。
③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman doctor→women doctors
(2)不规则变化
①常见单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
②自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children　man男人→men　tooth牙→teeth　foot脚，英尺→feet　mouse老鼠→mice　phenomenon现象→phenomena　medium传播媒介→media

1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists.
【答案】interviews
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
2.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautiful on the stamps.
【答案】butterflies
【解析】考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文The bees可知，此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。

1.（单句语法填空）Other__________ ( substance), such as radioactive waste material, can also cause pollution. 【答案】substances
【解析】考查名词。句意：其他物质，例如放射性废料，也会造成污染。substance作“物质”讲时，为可数名词，其前有other修饰，应用复数形式，故填substances。
2.（单句语法填空）The workers cut off some ________ (branch) of the big tree to keep the passers-by safe.
【答案】branches
【解析】考查名词。句意：工人们砍断大树的一些树枝，以此确保路人安全。根据some可知，横线处应该用可数名词复数形式。故填branches。
考点二 不可数名词具体化
(1) 通常只用作不可数名词的名词：
advice建议， furniture家具， fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻， weather天气， progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。
(2)不可数名词具体化
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
comfort
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shock
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料　coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡　chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔　hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。

1.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction.
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
2.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词作表语。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。

1.（单句语法填空）It may take a long time to find a _________ (solve) to the problem.
【答案】solution
【解析】考查名词。句意：找到问题的解决方法可能会花费很长时间。a solution to sth.解决……的办法。solve的名词是solution。故填solution。
2. （单句改错）We will arrange a meeting with my relative at my house because I haven’t seen them for nearly six months since the COVID-19 started to spread.
relative→relatives
考查名词。句意：我们将安排在我家和我的亲戚见面，因为自新冠肺炎开始传播以来，我已经有近6个月没有见到他们了。relative“亲戚”为可数名词，根据句意可知，此处是复数概念，应用其可数名词复数形式relatives。故将relative改为relatives。


考点三 名词所有格
(1)－’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s在理发店
at the teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the content of the novel小说的内容
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格
指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)

1. （2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）It is calculated by dividing a      3      (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25      4      (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a  (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
2 （2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
【答案】Friday’s改为Friday。
【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Friday’s改为Friday。
3. We have moved into a three­room flat so far. Our room is between________.
A．Mary’s and Helen’s B．Mary and Helen’s
C．Mary and Helen D．Mary’s and Helen
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：目前，我们已经搬进了一个三居的公寓。我们的房间就在Mary和Helen的中间。根据前句 a three­room flat（三居的公寓），可知有三间卧室，我们和Mary以及Helen每人一间卧室，所以我们的房子才能在她们俩人的之间（between）。A项表示Mary和Helen分别有一间卧室。故选A项。

1．Whoever chooses to be happy must help others to find (happy), for the welfare of each is bound up with the welfare of all.
答案：happiness
【解析】考查名词。任何一个选择快乐的人都必须帮助他人找到快乐。
2．The (soldier) heroic deed earned him a medal.
答案：soldier's
【解析】考查名词所有格。这个战士的英雄事迹为他挣得一枚奖牌。
3．We have two (week) vacation for Christmas.
答案：weeks'
【解析】考查名词所有格。我们圣诞节有两周的假期。

考点四 名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。
（3）作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’ books学生用书
China’s capital中国的首都
the world’s population世界人口
（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语
man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。

1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57confident___ (confidence) speaking English.【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
2.（2021年全国乙卷语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
【答案】62.development
【解析】62.考查名词作宾语。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
3. Here I sincerely express my _________ (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
【答案】appreciation
【解析】考查名词。句意：如果您能帮助找到丢失的手提箱，我诚挚地向您表示感谢。my作定语修饰名词，appreciate的名词是appreciation。故填appreciation。

1.【2023届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期二模】It is believed that “face changing” has its roots in 25 (evolve).
考查名词。句意：人们认为“变脸”有自己的渊源。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。故填evolution。
2.【2023届山东省济南市山东师范大学附属中学高三模拟】Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining more 61 (accept) around the world.
61．考查名词。句意：传统中医(TCM)在世界范围内得到越来越多的认可。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，accept的名词形式是acceptance，不可数名词。故填acceptance。
考点五 疑难名词比较与辨析
1.force; energy; strength; power
force表示＂力、力量＂的意思。指为做或实现某事而实际运用的力量。
He overcame his bad habits by force of will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不良习惯。
Those people are the progressive forces in the society. 这些人是社会的进步力量。
energy主要强调＂精力＂，指用来做某事或完成某事的能力。还可以指＂能源＂。
Young people usually have more energy than the old. 青年人通常此老年人精力充沛。
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. 很多国家正在提高天然气、风以及其他能源形式的利用。
strength表示＂力＂的意思。指做事情的--种内在能力。就人而育，着重指力气；就物而言，着重指强度潜力等。
He lifted the stone with all his strength.他使出全身力气举起了那块石头。
The side man hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed. 那位病人还没有足够的力气下床。
power 表示 ＂能力、能量、动力＂的意思。指身体上、心理上和道德上的能力(不管是否发挥出)。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力 量。
I shall do everything in my power to help you.我将尽我的能力帮助你。
2.manner; means; method; way
manner表示＂方式、方法＂的意思。指个人喜欢采用的方式。
The manner of their meeting makes a good story. 他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。
He has developed his own manner of acting. 它形成了自己独特的演出风格。
means表示＂方法、手段 、工具＂的意思。
Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job. 学生有时通过晚上打工的方法来养活自己。
The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅行工具是飞机。
Have you the means to support a family? 你有维持家的方法没有?
method指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统的、抽象概念的原理。
His idea is all right, but he lacks method.他的想法不错，但是缺少方法。
He is a man of method.他是个有条理的人。
method of teaching 教学方法 method of study 学习方法
Roasting is one method of cooking meat. 烤是做肉的一种方法。
way是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词，本义是＂通道、通路＂，引申作＂方式、方法＂讲，含义很广。
In this way over several days, the artist and his mice became friends. 就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
Look ! Work on it in this way. 看!像这样搞它。
My parents always let me have my own way of living.
3.cost; price; value; worth; expense
cost表示＂成本、费用＂的意思。 原指生产某种物品的成本 ，包括生产中所支付的原料和劳动。一般要低于售价，有时也可用来泛指价格。也可用于借喻，指所付出的代价，甚至生命。
As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此，成本将会降低90% 之多。
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. 《中国日报》刊登大量广告有助于降低报纸生产的成本。
price表示＂价格、价钱、定价＂的意思。 指经营商品出售的单价，通常要高于商品的出厂成本。也用于借喻，指做某事所付出的代价。
Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能把价格讲下来吗?
They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 他们可以在首都以高价出售他们的牛肉。
value表示＂价值、价格＂。指我们所估计一件东西的价值，因此是不能 以金钱估价的。
Instead, they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on. 他们现在再一次写常人常事——现代世界中的孤独感及交好朋友的价值等等。
The park is good value for the money.公园花这么多钱值得。
worth意思是价值。指东西本身的真正价值，是经久不变的，是可贵的。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它最多值500法郎。
He asked me how much this computer was worth. 他问我这台计算机值多少钱。
expense意思是＂费用、支出、开销＂，指花费金钱、时间和精力。
We travelled to France at our own expense. 我们自费去法国旅行了。
Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be?你 知道谁将担负你访问日本的费用吗?
4.land; ground; soil; earth
land表示＂陆地、土地、地＂，是河流和海洋的相对用语。用于指土地或土壤时，着重指它的性质、用途等。有时泛指大地，也可作＂国家、地产＂讲。
The rocky soil has been turned into rich land.岩石地已变成了沃土。
But some people don’t want good farm land to be built on. 但是有些人不愿意把好的农田用来修建厂房。
To the sea captain’s surprise, he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant. 使那位船长吃惊的是，他发现陆地旅行也很愉快。
ground(n. )表示＂地、土地＂的意思。主要指大地表面，也可以指土壤、场地。也可用于借喻指＂根据、理由＂。
He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops. 他学会了在种植作物之前如何拾掇毛糙的土地。
Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner.然而，当二班运动员传给第四棒时，接力棒掉在地上了。
soil表示＂土壤、土地＂，指可以生长植物且富有有机物的沃土，宜于农耕。
When the plants are in the ground, I’ll put some powder on the soil.当植物种到地里时，我将给地里撒些粉剂。
He studied how to improve soil conditions.他研究如何改善土壤环境。
earth表示＂地、地球、泥土＂，着重指＂大地＂，以别于天空。作＂泥土＂解时，常用于以别于坚硬的岩石。
Later, in a few weeks’ time I’ll put the little plants in the earth. 几星期后，我将把小植物埋在泥土里。
5.practice; exercise; training; drill
practice; exercise; training; drill都表示＂练习、训练＂的意思。
training表示＂训练、培养、教练、锻炼＂的意思。一般指对于身体的锻炼、对动物的训练、对士兵的训练等。
These football players had no strict training until they joined our club.这些足球队员直到加入我们俱乐部才受到严格的训练。
The athlete is in training.这个运动员锻炼得好。
The home training of children is the first class social problem. 儿童的家庭教育是社会的头等问题。
exercise主要指为提高技巧或业务水平而规定的＂练习或体格锻炼＂。
The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners. 书中有一系列按难易排列的练习适于初学者应用。
You need more outdoor exercise.你需要多进行户外运动。
practice主要指正规的、有条理的、不断反复的 ＂练习＂或把理论道理贯彻在行动中的 ＂实践＂。
More practice will make you speak with greater fluency. 多练习会使你口语更流利。
The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism. 理论和实践的统一是马克思主义的基本论点之一。
drill表示＂操练、训练＂的意思。一般指严格的训练或反反复复练习或军事上的练兵。
Let’s do some pattern drills.咱们做些句型练习吧。
The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard.士兵们在营场上操练。
6.sign; signal; mark; symbol
sign表示 ＂符号、记号、招牌＂等意思。是最普通的用语，指一个具有公认意义的、简单的、随意制定的代表物。
Letters are signs used to represent sounds.字母是用来代表声音的符号。
You’ll see the sign for the rest rooms.你将看到休息室的指示牌。
signal表示 ＂暗号、信号＂的意思。有时是有意的;有时是无意的。有意的，如强风讯号、求救信号等。
There the electrical signal is changed back into sound. 在那儿电信号又变成声音。
mark表示 ＂痕迹、记号、商标、特征、分数＂的意思。指印在物品上的记号，可用在好坏两个方面。作动词时，表示＂标明、作记号＂的意思。
He got full marks in his maths test. 他在数学测试中得了满分。
Each stone was marked with a number. 每个石头上都标明号码。
symbol表示 ＂象征＂的意思，特别强调故意用来包含某一特定意义的东西，或故意构成的传达某一特定意义的事物。
a good luck symbol 好运气的象征
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power. 狮子被看作百兽之王，是因为它是勇气与权利的象征。

1.【2022年天津卷第二次】When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating.
A. appetite B. power C. memory D. sight
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。


1. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得；D. assumption假设。故选D。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。
2. It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your _________.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
【答案】C
【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）；status地位。根据句意故选C。

数词


【命题规律】
数词在高考中的考点并不多，主要涉及:
1. 基数词、序数词的准换
2. 数词的特殊用法；
3. 有数词参与的语法结构中结合冠词等考查。
【备考策略】熟练掌握基数词和序数词转换的基本规则。注意几个不规则词的转换。
【命题预测】预测2024年高考对于数词的考查仍然会以基数词、序数词的准换和数词的特殊用法为主。



考点一、基数词
表示数量的词叫基数词。1---12的基数词是独立单词;13---19的基数词都是以-teen结尾的，要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20一90的十位数，以后缀-ty结尾，要注意twenty，thirty，fifty，eighty的特殊点。如下表：
1---12
13---19
20一90
百、千、百万、十亿
1→one
2→two
3→three
4→four
5.five
6→six
7→seven
8→eight
9→nine
10→ten
11→eleven
12→twelve
13→thirteen
14→fourteen
15→fifteen
16→sixteen
17→seventeen
18→eighteen
19→nineteen
20→twenty
30→thirty
40→forty
50→fifty
60→sixty
70→seventy
80→eighy
90→niney
100→a hundred
1,000→a thousand
1,000,000→a million
1,000,000,000→
a billion(美)
a thousand million(英)

1.【考查点】：基数词的读法
1)三位数的读法:第一个数字+ hundred +and+后面的一位或两位数字。
如:107→one hundred and seven;765→seven hundred and sixty-five。
2)1，000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数字用thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数字用million(百万)，用 "几十thousand"表示 "几万"，以 "几百thousand"表示 "几十万"，用 "几十million"表示 "几千万"，用"几百million"表示 "几亿"。如:13，789，653→thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。
2.【考查点】：数词的复数形式
1)表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁”说twenties，表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推，thirties表示“三十几岁”，forties表示“四十几岁”，但“十几岁”不可说tens，而要说teens，指13岁至19岁，“in one's+基数词复数”也是一个比较重要的知识点。形式如:
He died in his thirties.
She is in her teens.
2)表示几十年代时，如：“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980’s，均读作nineteen eighties，指的是1980至1989年这十年间，需注意的是，年代用文字表示时则不可用-'s形式。如:
Great changes took place in the l970s.
History has entered the eighties.
3)表示不确定数目时，这时要在million，thousand，hundred等词后加上-s并与of连用，表示大约多至“数以……计”，但millions of等前不能再加基数词，却可加some，several等表示不确定数目的修饰语，而million，thousand，hundred等词前面有数字时，就不能再加-s，也不能加of如:
Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.
Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year.
There are two thousand students in my school.
4)当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时，也要用复数。如:
How many sevens are there in forty-nine? 49里面有多少个7？
They arrived by twos and threes. 他们三三两两的来了。
Wait a minute.I’ll be finished in two twos. 请等一下，我马上就来
3．【考查点】：数词和名词单数一起作定语，中间用连字符连接。
a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩
a two-thousand-word article 一篇2千字的文章
4．【考查点】：当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时，序数词一般放在基数词前；但如果序数词充当描绘性修饰时，则放在基数词后。
He is one of the first five students. 他是前五名的学生之一。
He won three first prizes. 他获得三次第一名。

1.He looked quite healthy though he was __________________
A．in seventy B．in his seventies C．at seventies D．at the age of seventy
【答案】B
【详解】考查数词的用法。句意：虽然他已经七十多岁了，他看上去很健康。在某人多少多岁时，是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词，即：in one’s seventies。故选B。
2．Two _____ died of cold last winter.
A．hundreds old people B．hundred old people
C．hundreds old peoples D．hundred old peoples
【答案】B
【详解】考查数词的用法。句意：200老人去年冬天死于寒冷。hundred和具体数连用不用复数；people当作“人们”本身就是复数。故选B项。

It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ____ journey.
A.three-hour B. a three hour
C.a three-hour D. three hours
【答案】：C该题考查数词加名词构成的合成词的用法。three-hour中间需加连字符左前置定语，journey可数需加不定冠词a。题意：用了很长时间才到那里。那是三个小时的旅程。

考点二：序数词
表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。序数词的构成规则,如下表：
范围
特点
实例
特殊情况
1--19
基数词词尾加th
fourth,
sixth,
seventh
第一、 第二和第三的序数词分别是first，second和third; eight在变为eighth时少了一个字母t；nine在变为ninth时去掉了一个字母“e”; 以“ve”结尾的基数词变序数词时，须将“ve”改为“f”，然后再加“th”。five→fifth，twelve→twelfth

20,30, -- 90
各十位数字变y为i后加th

twenty→twentieth，
thirty→thirtieth
sixty-nine→sixty-ninth

21-29
31—39
91-99
只须变个位的基数词为序数词
twenty-tw→twenty-second
forty-four→forty-fourth
sixty-nine→sixty-ninth

我们可以按照一个简单的口诀进行基数词和序数词转换的记忆；
1，2，3特别记
（one-first，two-second，three-third这三个词变化没有规律，需要单独记）
8加h，9去e
（eight-eighth，nine-ninth，eight直接加h，nine需要去e再加th）
ve要用f替
（主要是five和twelve，ve变成f，再加th，five-fifth，twelve-twelfth）
见y变ie，再加th
（主要是针对整十数，例如twenty-twentieth）
要变几十几，只变各位就可以
（变成第几十几，不用管十位，只变个位上的数就可以，例如twenty-one----twenty-first）
不在口诀内的部分，只需要在基数词后面加th就可以
【考查点】序数词前是需要加定冠词the的，但也有不用定冠词的情况
1)表示顺序的语气很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思时，其前要用不定冠词，不用定冠词。如:
l.He cast the net a second time.
2.A third bullet passed.
2)序数词前己有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时，不用定冠词。如:
l.He made his first set in an old box.
2.Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einstein’s fiftieth birthday.
3)在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。如:
From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing.
Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees.
4)数词与名词构成复合名词时，不用定冠词。如:
There is a first-class hotel over there.
He went to a second-hand bookshop.
5)序数词用作副词时，不用定冠词。如：
Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree?
First come，first served.
6)在一些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。如:
1.at first 2.first of all 3.from first to last

2.(2020课标全国Ⅰ短文改错改编)In the summer holiday following my 　　　(eighteen) birthday, I took driving lessons.  
【答案】eighteenth　


Then, when I was in the ________(five) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.
【答案】fifth
【详解】考查数词。句意：那时，我上五年级，我想成为一名教师，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师。表示“几年级”时需用“the+序数词”。故填fifth。

考点三、数词的功能
1.【考查点】序号表示法
（1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如：No.1第一号
（2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：
①对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达.
形式分别为：the +序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词。
如：第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One。
②对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词。
如：501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538。
③可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。
如：a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车。
2.【考查点】倍数的表达方式
一般情况下我们用以下四种倍数表达方式：
（1）倍数用在as + 形容词 / 副词（原级）+ as结构之前。如：
They have three times as many cows as we do.
（2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by + 倍数用在比较级之后。如：
This rope is four times longer than that one.
They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice.
（3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the + size / length / weight … + of + 表示比较对象的名词，也可用于倍数 + what引导的从句中。如：
This room is three times the size of that one.
The college is twice what it was 5 years age.
You can’t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.
（4） 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…。例如：
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
3.【考查点】大约数的表示方法
（1）用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如：
The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.
Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province.
（2）用、less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。如：
He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.
（3）用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如：
Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.
（4）用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如：
About 50 people were present at that time.
（5）用to、from … to…、between … and表示介于两数词。如：
His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.
（6）注意事项：dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million等。
4.【考查点】分数的表达方式
（1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-third三分之一，three-sevenths七分之三。
（2）分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。
（3）分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五。
5.【考查点】百分数的表示法
（1）表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可，如：twenty percent百分之二十。
（2）分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数 ＋of + 冠词 / 限定词 + 名词/ 代词 ，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如：
Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.
About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.
6.【考查点】小数的表示法
小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65表示为nine point six five。218.39表示为two hundred and eighteen point three nine。

1．It is not rare in -_____people _____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A．90s; the B．the 90s; / C．90s; their D．the 90s; their
【答案】D
【详解】考查数词。句意：九十年代人们五十多岁时上大学深造并不稀罕。在几十年代，在数词复数前加定冠词，即in the 90s；在某人多少多岁时，是在数词复数前加形容词性的物主代词，即：in one’s fifties。故选D。
2.__________ of the students in our class __________ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A．Two fifths, is B．Second fifths, are C．Second fifths, is D．Two fifths, are
【答案】D
【详解】考查数词的用法。句意：我们班五分之二的学生下周要去北京参加夏令营。分数的构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于一时，分母用复数形式。“分数+of+名词”作主语时，如果名词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式，故选D。

In other words, there are three times ________ many girls as boys.
【答案】as
【详解】考查倍数的表达。句意：换句话说，女孩的人数是男孩人数的三倍。倍数+as...as...，意为“……是……的几倍”，故填as。
考点四、score(二十)，dozen (打; 十二个)的用法
1)当dozen与基数词或many,several等连用时，不加“-s”，所修饰的名词前常省去of。但是，在a dozen of these people, two dozen of them等短语中应加of。这是因为习惯上在these, those, us等词前该用dozen of的缘故。
two dozen books 两打书 two (many,several)dozen pencils 两打（几打）铅笔
some dozen people是“若干打的人（几十个人，许多人）”。
2) score意为“二十”。two score of people中应加of，但three score and ten people，“70人”中不加of。scores of people意为“许多人”。上述这两个词的复数形式与of连用时，表示不确切的数量，意为"许多……"，"大量的……"。如:
for dozens of years 好几十年以来 scores of years ago 许多年前 scores of times 许多次

Shortly after the accident, two_____ police were sent to the post to keep order.
A．dozen of B．dozens C．dozen D．dozens of
【答案】C
【详解】考查数词的用法。句意：事故发生后不久，就有24个警察被派往现场维持秩序。dozen前有数词，不加s, 没有数词时，表示“许多，很多”时用dozens of。故选C项


附表1：英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表
示例
英语表示法
2001．6．30
June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 2001
7：25
seven twenty-five twenty-five past even
12:54
twelve fifty four six to one
9:15
nine fifteen a quarter past nine
2:30
two thirty half past two
21:50
twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.
第21
twenty-first
第123
one hundred and twenty-third

a half

two and two-fifths
20%
20 per cent 20 percent
第七路公共汽车
Bus Number Seven
第201房间
Room 201
人民路153号
153 Renmin Road
4+8 =12
Four plus eight is twelve
11-7=4
Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30
Six times five is thirty.
20÷5=4
twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B
A is more than B.
A＜B
A is less than B.
A≈B
A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.
A≠B
A is not equal to B.

附表2：约数表示法列表
含义
英语表达
例句
大于某数
more than
He has lived here for more than twenty years.

over
she is over fifty.

or more
There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某数
less than
I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.

under
Children under seven are not allowed to enter.

below
He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.

or less
The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大约（某数）
nearly
She is nearly fifty now.

almost
Its almost three o'clock.

up to
Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.

or
He spent four or five days writing the article.

or so
The distance is twenty miles or so.

about
I visited that village about three years ago.

some
Their team has some four or five players.


附表3：不定数量词“多”的表示法列表
被修饰名词的数
英语表达
汉译
修饰可数名词
dozens of
几十、许多

scores of
许多

many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词)
许多、大量

hundreds of
数以百计

thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of
成千上万

millions of
数百万

billions of
亿万
修饰不可数名词
much , a great (good)deal of ,
a large amount of ,large amounts of
许多、大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词
a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, 　　a large quantity of ,
large quantities of
许多、大量




过关检测
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空（名词专练）。
1.We would much appreciate ________ (guide) from an expert in this field.
2.They often give ______ (perform) in pubs at weekends.
3.Tom was doing his homework and the boys who were playing outside his house added _______ (anxious) to him .
4.We all have an ________(expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.
5.We had no ______ (hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earthquake hit the country.
6.The ________ (arrive) of the plane has been delayed due to the fog.
7.In many ways my___________ (disable) has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.
8.Compared to the advantages of the Internet, those of the television alone will not be enough to ensure its _____________(survive), and many people think the latter will be replaced.
9.You'd better take into account your own ________ (strong) and weaknesses before choosing a major.
10.The little boy was curious about everything around him, and his parents always satisfied his ________ (curious).
11.I like discovering the________(different) between different cultures.
12.The headmaster didn’t seem to be aware that there should have been so much _____ (disagree) about the decision.
13.Sorry, I can't read the ______ (express) on her face.
14.Reaching this agreement so quickly was a great ________ (achieve).
15.The villagers here all respect him for his ____________ (devote)to the health care.
16.They were not in the least worried about the ______ (possible) that sweets could rot the teeth.
17.The girl kept working hard and gained ________ (admit) to the world-famous university.
18.Anyhow they didn’t trust me, so they didn’t deserve a(an) ______________ (explain).
19.I explained that each person has different ideas of what ___________(free) is.
20.The village where he was born has changed beyond __________(recognize).
21.There has been no __________ (respond) to his remarks from the government.
22.Variations of this programme can be arranged to suit your          (require).
23.Different persons have different _________( believe).
24.My parents are in a huge ________ (argue), and I am really upset about it.
25. We have our furniture moved to the new house when the ________ (decorate) of the house is finished.
26.Not only food and clothing but also medical ____________(treat) has been provided for the people who need it in the flooded areas.
27.I regard ________ (creative) both as a gift and as a skill.
28.He lost the ________ (elect) by one vote.
29.Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadium are common, and it seems that every few __________(year) there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles.
30.Visitors were struck by the natural scenery here, which was beautiful beyond______. (describe)

1.【答案】guidance
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们非常感谢该领域专家的指导。根据句意可知，空处需用名词作appreciate的宾语；guide的名词形式是guidance。故填guidance.
2.【答案】​performances
【解析】​考查名词复数。句意：他们经常在周末去酒吧表演。performance，名词，表演。give是及物动词，后面加名词或者代词。根据They often可知，用复数，故填performances.
3.【答案】anxiety
【解析】考查名词。句意：汤姆正在做家庭作业，在他家外面玩的孩子们给他增添了焦虑。anxiety焦虑；令人焦虑的事，anxiety作“令人着急、焦虑的事”解，是可数名词，引申可表示为某事焦虑，常译成“渴望，热望，焦虑”，是不可数名词。故填anxiety.
4.【答案】expectation
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们都期待着他下周能通过驾照考试。本空要使用名词做宾语，名词expectation“期盼”是可数名词，根据an可知，使用单数形式，故填expectation.
5.【答案】hesitation
【解析】考查名词和固定搭配。句意：当可怕的地震袭击这个国家时，我们毫不犹豫地帮助灾民。have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事，固定搭配。故填hesitation.
6.【答案】arrival
【解析】考查名词。此处用名词作主语，arrival名词，到达。故填arrival.
7.【答案】disability
【解析】考查名词。句意：在许多方面，我的残疾帮助我在心理上变得更强大，变得更独立。形容词性物主代词后跟名词形式，disable的名词形式是disability，根据has可知，此处使用其单数形式，故填disability.
8.【答案】survival
【解析】考查名词。句意：与互联网的优势相比，光靠电视的优势不足以保证其生存，很多人认为后者将被取代。its是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，survive是动词，其名词是survival，意为：幸存，生存。故填survival.
9.【答案】strengths
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在选择专业之前，你最好考虑一下你自己的优点和缺点。your是形容词性物主代词，后面要接名词；strength力量，优势，可数名词，根据后面的and weaknesses可知，此处应用相应的名词复数形式。故填strengths.
10.【答案】​curiosity
【解析】句意：这个小男孩对他周围的一切事物都很好奇，他的父母总是满足他的好奇心。his为形容词性物主代词，后面需接名词，curiosity好奇心，不可数名词。故填curiosity.
11.【答案】difference
【解析】考查名词。句意：我喜欢发现不同文化之间的差异。根据the可知，此处用名词做宾语，difference差异，故填difference.
12.【答案】disagreement
【解析】考查不可数名词。much修饰不可数名词，disagree不同意，反对，动词原形。disagreement不同意，反对，不可数名词。故填disagreement.
13.【答案】​ expression
【解析】考查名词。结合句意”对不起，我无法理解她脸上的表情。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词作宾语；express的名词是expression“表情”，此处表示特指她脸上的表情需用单数。故填expression.
14.【答案】achievement
【解析】考查名词。句意：如此迅速地达成这项协议是一项了不起的成就。great了不起的，形容词，后需接名词；achieve的名词是achievement，成就，可数名词，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词用单数形式。故填achievement.
15.【答案】devotion
【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意：这里的村民都尊敬他对医疗保健的献身精神。devotion译为奉献，忠诚，是不可数名词；his后应接名词形式，故填devotion.
16.【答案】possibility
【解析】考查名词。句意：他们一点也不担心糖果有可能会腐蚀牙齿。由空前的the可知，设空处应用提示词的名词形式，作were worried about的宾语。possibility“可能性，可能发生的事物”，故填possibility.
17.【答案】admission
【解析】句意：这个女孩继续努力学习，考上了那所世界著名的大学。由后文the world-famous university可知，此处应是“上大学”，admission to允许进入，固定短语。结合句意，故填admission.
18.【答案】explanation
【解析】考查名词的单复数。句意：不管怎样他们都不信任我，所以他们不值得解释。 a(an)后加名词单数形式，故填explanation.
19.【答案】​freedom
【解析】句意：我解释说，每个人对自由有不同的理解。free形容词，自由的，其名词形式是freedom（自由）。结合句意可知，本空应该是名词形式。故填freedom.
20.【答案】recognition
【解析】考查不可数名词。beyond是介词，后接名词作宾语，recognize认出，是动词，其名词形式是recognition，beyond recognition无法辨认，故填recognition.
21.【答案】response
【解析】句意：政府没有对他的言论作出回应。have no response to...对……没有回应，固定短语，故填response.
22.【答案】requirements
【解析】考查名词。句意：这个节目的变化可以根据你的要求安排。requirement“要求，需要”，可数名词；由空前的your可知，设空处应用提示词的名词形式。此处应用其复数形式表示一类事物。故填requirements.
23.【答案】beliefs
【解析】考查可数名词的复数形式。different后跟名词，believe的名词是belief，意为“信仰，信念”，由different可知，belief应该用复数，即beliefs。故填beliefs.
24.【答案】argument
【解析】考查名词单数。形容词修饰名词，根据前面的不定冠词a可知，此处用名词单数，argument争论。故填argument.
25. 【答案】decoration
【解析】考查名词。句意：房子装修完毕后，我们把家具搬到新房子里去了。定冠词the后要使用其名词形式，decoration装饰，装修，不可数名词。结合句意，故填decoration.
26.【答案】treatment
【解析】考查名词。句意：不仅为受灾地区的人们提供了食物和衣服，而且还为他们提供了医疗服务。结合句意和空格前的形容词medical可知，此处应是treat的名词形式treatment，故填treatment.
27.【答案】creativity
【解析】句意：我认为创造力既是一种天赋，也是一种技能。regard sth. as...把某事物看作……，regard后接名词，creativity创造性，为不可数名词，故填creativity.
28.【答案】election
【解析】句意：他因一票之差落选了。分析句子可知，空格处做lost的宾语，且前面有定冠词，所以，要用名词。elect的名词election“选举”。故填election.
29.【答案】years
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：如今，在体育场举行音乐会是很常见的，似乎每隔几年就会有一个新的
男孩乐队试图重现披头士的魔力。year年，名词；every few修饰可数名词复数，故填years。
30.【答案】description
【解析】考查名词及固定短语。句意：游客们被这里的自然风光所吸引，那是无法形容的美丽。
beyond description是固定短语，意为”无法形容“，故填description.
Ⅱ.单项选择（数词专练）
1．About ________ people were coming to visit our school.
A．two hundred of B．two hundreds of
C．two hundred D．two hundreds
2．—Have you heard of the Two-Child policy?  
—Of course. And I know many couples have new babies in their .
A．forties B．fortieth C．the fortieth D．forty
3．The Olympic Games is held ________.
A．each four years B．every four years C．each four year D．every four year
4．The boy failed four times, but he said he would try ___________.
A．a five time B．a fifth time C．the five time D．the fifth time
5．About _________of the land _________covered with trees and grass.
A．three fifths; is B．three fifths; are C．three fifth; are D．three fifth; is
6．___________of the boys in our class ___________going to join the army.
A．Two fifths; is B．Second fifths; are
C．Second fifths; is D．Two fifths; are
7．_________people prefer HUAWEI phones, and about _______of them are adults.
A．The number of; four-fifths B．A number of; four-fifth
C．A number of; four-fifths D．The number of; four-five
8．Most of the doctors in this hospital were born , and they are now.
A．in the 1970; in their fifties B．in 1970s; in the fiftieth
C．in the 1970s; in fiftieth D．in the 1970s; in their fifties
9．It was the first time in _________ that I’d seen the night face to face.
A．a year and half B．a year and a half
C．a half and a year D．half and a year
10．The earth is about ____ as the moon.
A．as fifty time big
B．fifty times as big
C．as big fifty times
D．fifty as times big
11．It is reported that Americans eat too much protein every day, ______ as they actually need.
A．as twice much B．twice much as
C．as much twice D．twice as much
12．It took courage for the girl to tell the truth.
A．a large number of B．a good many
C．a plenty of D．a great deal of
【答案】1-5 CABBA 6-10 DCDBB 11-12 DD
单句语法填空（数词）
13．Though in her _________(seventy), she still worked 8 hours a day in the pet shop.
【答案】seventies
14．Osaka is the ________ (two) largest city in Japan.
【答案】second
15. We hope air pollution will decrease a great deal when we celebrate the 10.　　　 (hundred) birthday of our city.  
【答案】hundredth　

16．After looking at the map, he finds this street is four times the_________(long) of that street.
【答案】length
17．The number of students now in this school is four times________ it was ten years ago.
【答案】what
18．It’s said that the power plant is now twice ________(large) than what it was.
【答案】larger
19．Linda’s hair is twice as long ________ her younger sister’s.
【答案】as
20．The world’s population has grown by six times ________ it was in 1800.
【答案】what
真题演练
2023年

1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____63which/that____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____64____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and _57_confident_ (confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with international journalists.
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
【61题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
3.【2023年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction.
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
4.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文The bees可知，此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意：蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词lovely后跟形容词beautiful，作表语。故beautifully改为beautiful。
2022年

1.【2022新高考1卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and _eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
答案：populations
解析： 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
2. 【2022全国乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __largest_ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
答案： responsibility
解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
3.【2022新高考二卷】He saved my ___64___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
答案：son's
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
4. 【2022.全国乙卷 短文改错】Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【答案】bicycle → bicycles
【解析】考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
5. 【2022年天津卷第二次】When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating.
A. appetite B. power C. memory D. sight
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。
2021年


1.【2021新高考1卷 】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we      2      (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
2.【2021.6全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and      9      (watchtower) to take pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
3.【2021.6全国乙卷】.      9      (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
4.【2021.6全国甲卷 改错】Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other.
【答案】friend改为friends
【解析】考查名词的单复数。主语为Many students ， "their friend or classmates " 中or前后一致，故前面应该把friend 改为friends。
5. 【2021.1 浙江卷】It is calculated by dividing a      3      (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25      4      (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a  (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
6.【2021.6 浙江卷】In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their      3      (marry) ceremony in 1842. ...
3.【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
7.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
【答案】dish改为dishes
【解析】考查名词。根据此句中的after meals可知， 此处指多种菜品，应该用名词的复数形式。故把dish改为dishes。
8.【2021.6全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the      2      (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
9．【2021年天津卷第一次】Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
10 【2021年天津卷第二次】In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A. system B. method C. investment D. environment
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。