英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案

这是一份英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters学案

1
Earthquakes arund the Pacific
Abut 400 earthquakes ccur wrldwide every day, mre than a hundred thusand in a year.
China is situated (位于) in ne f the mst active earthquake regins (区域) in the wrld and there have been many terrible earthquakes. The mst serius f these ccurred in Hua Cunty in Shaanxi Prvince in 1556. The earthquake affected eight prvinces in Central China. It cvered an area f 800 square kilmeters. In sme cmmunities, 60 percent f the ppulatin were killed. In all, 830,000 peple lst their lives.
The Califrnia Earthquake f the 18th f April 1906 is the wrst earthquake that has ever happened in the US. It tk place at 5:15 am, and lasted fr nly a minute. Hwever, it caused the wrst natural disaster in the natin’s histry.
Fires caused by the Califrnia Earthquake did the mst damage. The fires burned fr three days, destrying a ttal f 25,000 buildings. Abut 500 peple were killed in the city f San Francisc and 250,000 were made hmeless. In the whle f Califrnia, the earthquake and fires caused abut 3,000 deaths.
The 1906 earthquake was caused by a mvement n the San Andreas Fault. One hundred years later, mvements n the San Andreas Fault cntinue t cause prblems fr the whle f Califrnia.
2
Hw d hurricanes get their names?
Each year, as the summer cmes t a clse, hurricanes begin t appear. Hurricanes are huge trpical strms that can smetimes be as large as 600 miles acrss.
Hurricanes ccur in many parts f the wrld, but they’re nt always called “hurricanes”. Fr thse f yu wh like wrds, yu may be interested t knw that hurricanes that frm in the western Pacific Ocean are called “typhns (台风)”. In the Indian Ocean, the Bay f Bengal and Australia, these strms are called “cyclnes (旋风)”. They’re all the same type f strm, thugh.
Recent hurricanes that have caused serius damage in the United States include Hurricane Ike and Hurricane Katrina. Other past hurricanes have had names like Opal, Andrew and Fran. Hw d they get these names?
Hurricanes are given names s that meterlgists (气象学家) can recgnize them and track them acrss the ceans. Since there are smetimes different hurricanes at a certain time, naming them helps t avid cnfusin (混淆).
Since 1979, the Wrld Meterlgical Organizatin has used six lists f names — bth male and female — in rtatin. Each list cntains a name fr each letter f the alphabet (字母表), except fr Q, U and Z. The same lists are reused every six years.
Every nce in a while, a hurricane will cause s much damage that its name ges dwn in the histry bks. Hurricane Katrina is a recent example f such a disastrus strm. When a strm is bad enugh, its name will never be used again, and a new name will be added t the list.
Althugh hurricanes can frm at any time, the hurricane seasn in the Atlantic Ocean is usually June 1 t Nvember 30, with mst hurricanes ccurring in the fall mnths. The eastern Pacific Ocean hurricane seasn runs frm abut May 15 t Nvember 30.
3
Hw t survive an earthquake?
We can't stp an earthquake frm happening, but we can reduce the damage it brings t us. D yu knw what t d during a really big earthquake? Experts have lked int the matter carefully. It may be wrth yur while t lk ver the 5 tips they have fr us.
Prtect yurself first. Once an earthquake happens, prtect yurself first. If yu can't easily escape by getting ut f the dr r windw, stay in a crner and cver yur head and neck with yur arms. And the mst imprtant thing is t prtect yurself frm falling bjects.
When the shaking stps, try t find a way ut thrugh a dr r a windw. Als, t help thers, use smething t make sure a dr r windw remains pen s they can als escape.
Panic can hurt yu. If yu are at hme when an earthquake happens, dn't rush ut in a panic. If there is enugh time t escape, yu must place smething such as pillws r bags n yur head, because sme rf tiles (瓦), brken glass and signs may fall dwn.
Make sure the electricity and gas are ff befre evacuatin (撤离). Accrding t sme research, lts f peple die frm fire disaster after an earthquake.
What's mre, fire makes rescue mre difficult.
Wrk tgether n rescue and first aid. Wrk with yur neighbrs t free victims wh are under debris (瓦砾) r fallen furniture and t give first aid. Be very careful if yu use the stairs, because they might have been damaged by the earthquake.
Thugh it's nt very ften that we experience a strng earthquake, we shuld keep it in mind t always hpe fr the best but prepare fr the wrst.
4
The Chernbyl disaster
The Chernbyl disaster was a nuclear accident that ccurred n 26 April 1986 at the Chernbyl Nuclear Pwer Plant in the Ukrainian SSR (nw Ukraine). An explsin released large quantities f radiactive smke int the atmsphere, which spread ver much f Western Russia and Eurpe. It is cnsidered the wrst nuclear pwer plant accident in histry, and is ne f nly tw classified as a level 7 event n the Internatinal Nuclear Event Scale (the ther being the Fukushima (福岛) nuclear incident, which is cnsidered far less serius and has caused n direct deaths). The battle t deal with the great disaster invlved ver 500,000 wrkers and cst abut 18 billin rubles (the standard unit f mney used in Russia), damaging the Sviet ecnmy.
The disaster began during a systems test n 26 April 1986 at reactr (核反应堆) number fur f the Chernbyl plant, which is near the twn f Pripyat. There was a sudden pwer utput increase, and when an emergency measure was attempted, a series f explsins ccurred. The resulting fire sent a clud f highly radiactive smke int the atmsphere and ver a large area, including the nearby twn f Pripyat. Frm 1986 t 2000, 350,400 peple were remved and resettled frm the mst severely plluted areas f Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Accrding t fficial pst-Sviet data, abut 60% f the radiactive smke landed in Belarus.
The Chernbyl accident caused many severe radiatin effects almst immediately. Of the 600 wrkers present n the site during the early mrning f 26 April 1986, 134 suffered frm radiatin sickness. Of these, 28 died in the first three mnths and anther 19 died in 1987-2004. The accident raised cncerns abut the safety f the Sviet nuclear pwer industry, as well as nuclear pwer in general. Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus were under great pressure frm the cntinuing health care csts f the Chernbyl accident. The WHO (Wrld Health Organizatin) said the ttal deaths frm radiatin culd reach 4,000; a Greenpeace (an internatinal rganizatin whse members wrk actively t prtect the envirnment) reprt puts this figure at 200,000 r mre; a Russian publicatin, Chernbyl, cncludes that 985,000 mre deaths ccurred between 1986 and 2004 as a result f radiactive waste. A 2006 reprt predicted 30,000 t 60,000 cancer deaths as a result f the Chernbyl disaster.