【期中真题】上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷.zip

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上海中学2022学年高一第一学期期中考试
英语试题
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers: At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Thursdays and Fridays. B. Tuesdays and Fridays.
C. Tuesdays and Thursdays. D. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.
2. A. Her sister’s. B. Her Aunt’s. C. Her mother’s. D. Her brother’s.
3. A. Help the company choose graduate students.
A. Contact the computer company next week.
C. Get a part-time job on campus before graduation.
D. Apply for a job in the computer company.
4. A. See a doctor as soon as possible.
B. Stay in bed for a few days.
C. Get treatment in a better hospital.
D. Make a phone call to the doctor.
5. A. She picked up the book from the bus floor.
B. She is able to help the man out.
C. She also needs an extra textbook.
D. She can find the right person to help the man.
6. A. The man is late for the trip because he is busy.
B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.
C. The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr.
D. The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.
7. A. She thinks the man is too tired to go to the movie.
B. She really wants to go to the movie.
C. She would like to go to the class with the man.
D. She does not want to go to the movie.
8. A. She doesn’t remember much about Hangzhou.
B. She has never been to Hangzhou before.
C. She knows someone else who could help him.
D. She’d be very happy to talk to the man later.
9. A. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.
B. The woman had forgotten Mark’s phone number.
C. The women made a phone call to Mark yesterday.
D. Mark and the woman hadn’t been in touch for some time.
10. A. She has learned a lot from the novel.
B. She also found the plot difficult to follow.
C. She has difficulty remembering names.
D. She recalled the names of characters in the novel.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. He will be an intelligent student B. He may not be an intelligent student
C. He will score better in exams. D. He will not be a good student.
12. A. Through his teachers. B. Through his deeds in the classroom.
C. Through his appearance. D. Through his reaction to different situations.
13. A. Not to judge a boy only by his taking notes.
B. Not to make the mistake of thinking a young man stupid.
C. Not to overestimate a student’s intelligence.
D. Not to judge a person’s intelligence by his appearance.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. You can increase your happiness levels by attending the classes.
B. Most of us are happier than our parents since we earn more.
C. Earn more than you can if you want to be happy.
D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Packer are rich but unhappy.
15. A. Always think highly of yourself and help others.
B. Compare yourself to a famous person
C. Compare yourself to people who are inferior to you.
D. Earn more than your bank account.
16. A. Happiness is everything.
B. Wealth is the foundation of happiness.
C. Fan is another form of happiness.
D. Money doesn’t always mean happiness.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Because there were too many vehicles on the road.
B. Because the driver in front of her caused an accident.
C. Because she almost got into an accident that morning.
D. Because the drivers didn’t use polite manners while driving.
18. A. He doesn’t care much about it. B. He pays special attention to it.
C. It’s just for inexperienced drivers. D. It’s really a big deal to him.
19. A. He thought she was mindful of other drivers.
B. He became too angry to keep calm for that
C. He really felt very grateful when be heard it.
D. He thought she shouldn’t have said like that.
20. A. Buy a car. B. Change her job.
C. Take bus often. D. Learn driving etiquette.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directing: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. It’s the 10th time ________ the challenge of this sheep-based passthrough mini-game.
A. when he took B. that he has taken
C. when he has taken D. that he took
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和现在完成时。句意：这是他第10次挑战这个以绵羊为基础的直通小游戏。分析句子，该句是固定句型It is the +序数词+time+that从句，从句中要用现在完成时。故选B项。

2. Teenagers confront such significant changes in the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) ________ impact their behavior and emotions.
A. as B. that C. which D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：青少年正视影响他们的行为和情绪的前额叶皮层的显著变化。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词significant changes，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词前有such修饰，故用as，故选A。
3. According to neuroscience, animals have an inborn structure that provides a base ________ learning can occur.
A. from which B. by which C. on which D. in which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：根据神经科学，动物有一种天生的结构，这种结构为学习的发生提供了方式。分析句子结构可知，先行词为base。on a ... base基准；准则；方式。故选C。
4. It is on the festival occasions ________ the family get together ________ one misses his dear most.
A. where; that B. which; when C. that; which D. when; that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：每逢佳节，家人团聚时候，一个人最思念自己的亲人。该句为强调句型，其结构为It is +强调部分+that从句，被强调部分为on the festival occasions，但该部分后又加上了一个定语从句，先行词是occasions，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
5. More than half of people interviewed admitted to avoiding wines ________ they could not pronounce.
A. of whom the names B. whose names C. of which names D. their names
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：超过一半的受访者承认，他们会避免喝那些念不出来名字的酒。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词wines，这是一个定语从句，此处指“他们念不出来名字的酒”，先行词wines与名词names之间存在所属关系，关系词在句中作定语，先行词wines表示物，故应用whose引导，此处whose names也可替换成of which the names。故选B项。
6. One reason ________ Queen Elizabeth I remains loved and respected is her self-denying vision of public service.
A. that B. which C. because D. why
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：英国女王伊丽莎白一世(Queen Elizabeth I)至今仍受人爱戴和尊敬的一个原因是她对公共服务的自我否定。先行词是reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，用why引导定语从句。故选D。
7. The young talent has criticized the same way ________ the news media focuses on celebrities.
A. by which B. that C. which D. as
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位年轻的天才批评了新闻媒体关注名人的方式。分析句子可知，空格处缺少限制性定语从句引导词，关系词指代先行词 the same way并在从句中作方式状语，应使用that，in which 或者省略关系词。故选B项。
8. Sophia Scott started a free tutoring service to help anyone ________ had difficulty catching up.
A. whose B. that C. whom D. who
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：索菲亚·斯科特开始了一项免费辅导服务，帮助赶上有困难的人。句中先行词为anyone，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选D。
9. By next October, our efforts ________ of great benefit to the populations of birds on the islands.
A. will be B. have been C. are going to be D. will have been
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年10月，我们的努力将为岛上的鸟类种群带来巨大的好处。根据时间状语By next October可知，表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。故选D。
10. Every time ________ I check things over, I change right answers into wrong ones.
A. / B. when C. how D. that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：每次检查，我就会把正确的答案改成错误的答案。结合句意，分析句子可知，“I check things over”是时间状语从句，由特殊连词every time引导，其意为“每次……；每当……”，不再需要其它连词引导从句。故选A项。
11. This age group flourishes best in a nurturing environment ________ the importance of sleep, nutrition, exercise and self-care is recognized.
A. when B. which C. where D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个年龄段的人在一个重视睡眠、营养、锻炼和自我照顾的环境中成长得最好。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词environment，表示抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故选C。
12. Progress, ________ is often the case, can be achieved only by feeling our way through action.
A. which B. that C. it D. as
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通常情况下，只有通过行动摸索才能取得进步。as is often the case 正如常常的事实，as 是引导词，指代后面那个句子所表述的情况。故选D。
13. Gone are the most unforgettable days ________ we spent together with our classmates in the dormitory.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们和同学一起在宿舍度过的最难忘的日子已经过去了。句中先行词为days，且被形容词最高级修饰，在定语从句中作spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故选C。
14. Under great pressure of hair loss, I simply hope ________ little hair I have left will grow faster.
A. what B. which C. that D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在脱发的巨大压力下，我只希望我剩下的那么点头发能长得更快些。分析句子可知，空格处缺少宾语从句连接词，宾语从句_______ little hair I have left缺少little hair 的限定词，表示“多么的”，应使用what符合句意。故选A项。
15. The host, after promoting a set deal for steaks, searched for a small whiteboard ________ down words including “steak” and “seasoning?” in English.
A. to write where B. on which to write C. which to write on D. on where to write
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查“介词+关系代词+不定式”的用法。句意：主持人在推销完牛排套餐后，找了一块小白板，在上面用英语写下了“牛排”和“调味料?”等词。分析句子可知，此处是“（介词）+关系词+不定式”的结构，这是一种简化了的定语从句；此处句意为“在白板上用英语写下了‘steak’和‘seasoning’等词”，先行词为whiteboard，在不定式中作地点状语，故可用where to write，此处where也可替换on which，故也可填on which to write。故选B项。
16. The professor is one of the foremost educators in adolescent psychology that ________ trust from parents and children.
A. have earned B. are earned C. has earned D. is earned
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他是得到父母和孩子们信任的青少年心理学领域最著名的教育家之一。句中先行词 educators ，为复数形式，在定语从句中作主语，与动词earn之间为主动关系，所以用主动语态，谓语动词用have。故选A。
17. It is a surprising and important gap, ________ health-workers and policymakers can’t afford to ignore.
A. one that B. where C. the ones D. of whom
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查代词和定语从句。句意：这是一个令人惊讶和重要的差距，卫生工作者和政策制定者不能忽视。分析选项可知，逗号后用不定代词one代指单数名词a gap，作同位语；后面是关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词one，that在定语从句中作宾语。故选A项。
18. Teenagers nowadays are a “technology” generation, different from those ________ their parents used to be.
A. whom B. what C. who D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：现在的青少年是“科技”一代，与他们父母那代人不同。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词在从句中作表语，根据定语从句引导词的特殊用法，先行词为those，引导词使用who。故选C。
19. —Where did you get this long-awaited album, The Greatest Work?
—It was in the record store ________ we first met.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句 句意：——你从哪里得到这张期待已久的专辑《最伟大的作品》？——在我们第一次见面的唱片店里。分析句子结构并结合语意可以判断考查的是定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the record store表示地点，应用关系副词where。故选B项。
20. There was just enough light for me to ________ his face, and he wore an expression that nearly chilled my blood in my veins.
A. make do with. B. make out C. make up D. make way for
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：光线足够我辨认出他的脸，他脸上的表情几乎让我血管里的血液都凉了。A.make do with设法应付；B. make out看清；辨认处 ；C.make up编造；组成；D. make way for给……让路。根据上文的“enough light”和下文“he wore an expression that nearly chilled my blood in my veins”可推断，足够的光让我看清了他的表情，故选B。
21. The worried mother opened the drawer secretly and ________ her daughter’s diary.
A. peeked at B. glared at C. stared at D. gazed at
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：忧心忡忡的母亲偷偷打开抽屉，并偷看了女儿的日记。A. peeked at偷看；B. glared at怒视；C. stared at盯着；D. gazed at凝视着。根据“The worried mother opened the drawer secretly”可知，悄悄偷看女儿日记。故选A。
22. When reading the touching letter, Lucy found it difficult to ________ tears.
A. reflect on B. emerge from C. hold back D. adjust to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：读这封动人的信时，露西忍不住流下了眼泪。A. reflect on考虑，反思；B. emerge from出现；C. hold back控制；抑制；D. adjust to调节。根据“When reading the touching letter,”可知，露西读到感人的信时，难以抑制住眼泪。故选C。
23. The company is always looking to ________ users to replace their PCs when faster processors hit the market.
A. ensure B. contain C. delay D. tempt
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当更快的处理器上市时，该公司一直在鼓动用户更换他们的个人电脑。A. ensure确保；B. contain含有；C. delay延迟；D. tempt引诱，鼓动。根据“ users to replace their PCs when faster processors hit the market.”可知，此处为“鼓动用户更换电脑”，tempt符合句意。故选D项。
24. He reasoned that evolution seemed to proceed not by ________ but by chance and fate.
A. design B. rarity C. nature D. transformation
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他推断，进化似乎不是通过设计，而是偶然和命运。A. design设计； B. rarity稀少；C. nature自然；D. transformation转换。根据后面的by chance and fate以及but表示转折可知，前面说的是进化不是设计好的。故选A项。
Section B
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
The King and the Royal Trees
A. handsome B. helplessly C. asleep D. observed E. remove F. freezingly G. damage H. content I. awe J. pick K. provided
The King had a frightful dream. He dreamt that while riding his horse through the Royal Forest, the south wind called: “Mind the falling tees! Mind the falling trees!”
Though the trees were beautiful and waved gently in the wind, the King was in ____25____. He turned his horse and dashed out of the forest.
The next morning the King ordered his people to cut down all the trees in the kingdom. “We do not want the trees to fall down and hurt our children,” he reasoned. “We will ____26____ the forest and grow vegetables instead.”
The people liked the King’s idea, for now they had their ____27____ of the finest wood in the forest to build houses and furniture. And the rest of the trees were sold at ____28____ prices to neighboring kingdoms.
Once all of the trees were cut down, the King felt ____29____—and relieved. But the people were gloomy. They missed the trees, which had ____30____ work for loggers and carpenters, and homes for birds. Although they sadly missed their work, they missed the birds most of all.
Soon after the trees were gone, a dry south wind began to blow. It blew day after day. The vegetable crops began to wither and die. People huddled(蜷缩) ____31____ in their houses watching the wind uproot their gardens and scatter the dead plants across the land.
The King was worried. He called for his horse and rode through the fields to inspect the ____32____ There were no more trees to break the fury of the wind. As the wind blew faster, it swept withered plants and soil past the King, who ____33____ dumbly as his kingdom blew northward.
Lost in clouds of dust and drifting sand, fatigue overcame the King. Nodding _____34_____ in the saddle(马鞍), he heard the south wind call: “Mind the falling trees! Mind the falling tees!”
【答案】25. I 26. E
27. J 28. A
29. H 30. K
31. F 32. G
33. D 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事。文章主要讲述了一个国王做了个噩梦，梦里南风让他小心倒下的树，于是醒来后的国王下令整个王国都将树木砍掉。最后，国王心安了，可是他的王国也一片荒凉。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管这些树很漂亮，在风中轻轻摇曳，国王还是害怕不已。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；再根据下文“He turned his horse and dashed out of the forest.”可知，国王很害怕。awe，名词，意为“敬畏、害怕”，符合句意。故选I。
【26题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：我们将把森林砍倒，种蔬菜。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句谓语动词，和grow形式一致，为动词原形；再根据下文“grow vegetables instead.”可知，是把树砍倒，种蔬菜。remove，动词，意为“去除、砍倒”，符合句意。故选E。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：人们喜欢国王的主意，因为现在他们可以在森林里挑选最好的木材来建造房屋和家具。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词；再根据下文的“the finest wood in the forest to build houses and furniture.”可知，人们喜欢国王的主意是因为可以自由挑选最好的木材。pick，名词，意为“挑选”，符合句意。故选J。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：其余的树都以客观的价格卖给了邻国。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词。根据上文内容可知，人们喜欢国王的这一主意，所以卖给邻国的价钱不会低。handsome，形容词，意为“可观的、英俊的”，符合句意。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当所有的树都被砍倒后，国王感到很满足，也松了一口气。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当表语。根据下文的“relieved”可知，空处意思大概相同，指的是国王的心情。content，形容词，意为“满足的”，符合句意。故选H。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们想念树木，树木为伐木工和木匠提供了工作，为鸟类提供了家园。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据空后的宾语“work for loggers and carpenters”可知，空处指的是“提供”。provided，动词的过去分词，与had搭配，构成过去完成时；意为“提供”，符合句意。故选K。
【31题详解】
考查副词。句意：人们冻得蜷缩在家里，看着风把花园连根拔起，把枯死的植物吹得满地都是。根据谓语动词huddled可知，人们因为寒冷才蜷缩在家里。freezingly，副词，意为“寒冷地、冻僵了”，符合句意。故选F。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：他叫来他的马，骑着马穿过田野去检查受损地区。根据下文“There were no more trees to break the fury of the wind.”可知，国王是去了受损地区。damage，名词，意为“损害”，符合句意。故选G。
【33题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：风刮得更快了，把枯萎的植物和土壤从国王身边吹过，国王默默地看着他的王国向北吹去。根据上文“The King was worried. He called for his horse and rode through the fields to inspect the ____8____”可知，国王是去检查那些受损地区。observed，动词，意为“检查”。符合句意，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：他在马鞍上无助地垂着头，听到南风在呼唤：“小心倒下的树！小心倒下的树！根据上文的“Lost in clouds of dust and drifting sand, fatigue overcame the King.”可知，国王此时非常沮丧，感到无助。hopelessly，副词，意为“无助地”，符合句意。故选B。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
The Greek historian Herodotus is said to have made one of the earliest lists of seven wonders of the world, including the still mysterious accomplishment of ancient horticulture known as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. More recent times saw natural ____35____ to these marvels of classical architecture proposed: waterfalls, mountains, canyons, reefs.
As environmental consciousness has risen in the west, ____36____ to such sightseeing have changed. Yes, it is thrilling to visit remote forests or spot rare species. ____37____, travelling to faraway destinations is carbon-intensive. When flights or long road journeys are involved, ____38____ can be made more difficult as well as assisted by sightseers. There is a(n) ____39____ to be struck, and ethical governments and businesses around the world try to maximise the benefits while minimising, the harms. Colombia, ____40____, recently introduced laws aimed at promoting sustainable tourism
Most of us, in the rich countries where people take most holidays, understand better than ever that there are costs as well as benefits ____41____ exploring. One of the six promises proposed by an environmental campaign launched last month, The Jump, is to “holiday ____42____”, taking short-distance flights once every three years and long-distance flights very rarely. Fortunately, the UK’s 15 national parks, 86 areas of outstanding natural beauty and countless other landscapes mean that there is no ____43____ of special places for domestic nature tourists to visit.
One recent survey found that Windsor Great Park and Kew have become Britain’s most _____44_____ attractions. Visitor numbers at wildlife trusts (野生生物托管组织) are high, with waiting lists for beaver-spotting. Some companies that formerly ran foreign trips have _____45_____ to the pandemic by taking people to watch dolphins and other marine life off British coasts instead.
This is not to minimise the destruction of nature that is also _____46_____. Sewage outflows are out of control due to failed water industry regulation The owners of a popular rewilded estate in West Sussex have waned that plans to build 3,500 homes next to their land would be _____47_____ for the species that live there. But as we confront an environmental emergency that grows ever more dangerous, it is essential to cultivate _____48_____ of nature that surrounds us. In a small way, holiday outings to watch dragonflies, kingfishers (鸟) or seals, or be surrounded by trees that are coming into leaf, could help us to focus on what _____49_____.
35. A. limits B. offerings C. alternatives D. superiors
36. A. attitudes B. chapters C. bans D. restorations
37. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Consequently D. However
38. A. conservation B. transportation C. admission D. expression
39. A. focus B. threat C. pose D. balance
40. A. in short B. for example C. by contrast D. above all
41. A. compared to B. particular about C. associated with D. distant from
42. A. local B. remote C. noble D. overseas
43. A. paradise B. exhibition C. shortage D. boast
44. A. genuine B. fortunate C. ignorant D. popular
45. A. adapted B. connected C. held D. restored
46. A. concentrating on B. going away C. taking place D. figuring out
47. A. miraculous B. cheerful C. economical D. disastrous
48. A. comfort B. appreciation C. splendor D. behavior
49. A. matters B. debates C. reflects D. approaches
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了保护环境，人们可以短途旅游或者在假期就欣赏周围的环境也是不错的。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：近年来，人们看到了替代这些经典建筑奇迹的自然景观：瀑布、山脉、峡谷和珊瑚礁。A. limits限制；B. offerings作品；C. alternatives可供选择的事物；D. superiors上级。根据下文所举例子“waterfalls, mountains, canyons, reefs”可知，这是可以替代经典建筑奇迹的自然景观。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着西方环境意识的增强，人们对这种观光的态度也发生了变化。A. attitudes态度；B. chapters章；C. bans禁令；D. restorations修复。根据下文内容可知，作者觉得人们现在更注意环保，所以是对观光旅游的态度发生了变化。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当涉及到飞行或长途公路旅行时，前往遥远的目的地旅行是碳密集型的，而保护工作可能会变得更加困难，同时也需要游客的帮助。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Consequently因此；D. However然而。上文“it is thrilling to visit remote forests or spot rare species”和下文“travelling to faraway destinations is carbon-intensive.”之间存在转折关系。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当涉及到飞行或长途公路旅行时，前往遥远的目的地旅行是碳密集型的，而保护工作可能会变得更加困难，同时也需要游客的帮助。A. conservation保存；B. transportation运输；C. admission允许；D. expression表达。根据上文“travelling to faraway destinations is carbon-intensive.”可知，前往边远地区会造成大量碳排放，所以环保工作会更加困难。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们需要找到一个平衡点，世界各地有道德的政府和企业都试图在利益最大化的同时，将危害最小化。A. focus焦点；B. threat威胁；C. pose姿势；D. balance平衡。根据下文的“ethical governments and businesses around the world try to maximise the benefits while minimising”可知，需要找到一个平衡点，既可以有利益，又将危害降到最低。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，哥伦比亚最近出台了旨在促进可持续旅游的法律。A. in short简言之；B. for example比如；C. by contrast相比之下；D. above all首先。根据上文“There is a(n) ____5____ to be struck, ethical governments and businesses around the world try to maximise the benefits while minimising”可知，人们正在寻找一个平衡点，下文则以哥伦比亚为例，说明了已经采取的措施。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们大多数生活在度假最多的富裕国家的人们比以往任何时候都更明白，与探险相关的既有好处也有代价。A. compared to相比之下；B. particular about对……挑剔；C. associated with和……有关；D. distant from远离。根据上文可知，人们认为只要想去探险，就会有好处也有代价。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上个月发起的环保运动“跳跃” 提出了六个承诺，其中之一就是“本地度假”，即每三年乘坐一次短途航班，很少乘坐长途航班。A. local当地的；B. remote遥远的；C. noble高贵的；D. overseas海外的。根据下文的“taking short-distance flights once every three years and long-distance flights very rarely.”可知，该运动建议人们短距离旅游，也就是在本地度假。故选A。
43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，英国有15个国家公园，86个杰出的自然美景区和数不清的其他景观，这意味着国内游客不缺特别的地方可以参观。A. paradise天堂；B. exhibition展览；C. shortage缺乏；D. boast自夸。根据上文“Fortunately, the UK’s 15 national parks, 86 areas of outstanding natural beauty and countless other landscapes”可知，英国并不缺少人们游览的地方。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项调查发现，温莎大公园和邱园已成为英国最受欢迎的景点。A. genuine真诚的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. ignorant忽视的；D. popular受欢迎的。根据下文“Visitor numbers at wildlife trusts(野生生物托管组织) are high, with waiting lists for beaver-spotting.”可知，这里已经成为受欢迎的景点。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些以前负责海外旅行的公司已经适应了疫情，转而带人们去英国海岸观看海豚和其他海洋生物。A. adapted适应；B. connected连接；C. held举办；D. restored修复。根据下文“by taking people to watch dolphins and other marine life off British coasts instead.”可知，这些公司已经适应了疫情，开始转型。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这并不是要将正在发生的对自然的破坏最小化。A. concentrating on专注于；B. going away离开；C. taking place发生；D. figuring out弄清楚。根据上文可知，环境受损是正在发生的事情。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：西苏塞克斯郡一处受欢迎的野生动物保护区的所有者表示，在他们的土地旁建造3500所房屋的计划将对生活在那里的物种造成灾难性的影响。A. miraculous不可思议的；B. cheerful开心的；C. economical节俭的；D. disastrous灾难性的。根据上文“Sewage outflows are out of control due to failed water industry regulation”由于旅游的问题，已经对环境造成破坏，而如果再建造房屋，对于物种而言，则是灾难性的影响。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，当我们面临越来越危险的环境紧急情况时，培养对我们周围自然的欣赏是至关重要的。A. comfort舒适；B. appreciation欣赏；C. splendor壮丽；D. behavior行为。根据下文“holiday outings to watch dragonflies, kingfishers(鸟) or seals, or be surrounded by trees”可知，置身于周围的环境，学会欣赏环境之美，也是不错的。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，假期外出看蜻蜓、翠鸟或海豹，或被长叶的树木包围，可以帮助我们专注于重要的事情。A. matters重要；B. debates辩论；C. reflects反射；D. approaches靠近。根据文章内容可知，作者认为环境对人类很重要，所以为了环境，我们假期可以多欣赏周围自然的美，让我们更重视真正重要的。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors and flying into street corners. From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning and leaf fall is not the usual gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones(温带) but a stress response by trees trying to preserve water. We are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels wrong.
There is, therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms, Droughts are not unknown to the UK, of course, and too many parts of the world are certainly familiar with far more severe versions. But increasingly they are occurring in the context of a climate emergency, and record-breaking heat. And the beauty of a false autumn, specifically, has an emotional effect, a deep weirdness, something mysteriously suggestive of evil or danger
Cultures across the world contain ceremonies for the propitiation(宽恕) of the weather; a sense of responsibility for the natural world—and the belief that it will punish us if we fail it—is as old as humanity. One of the reasons why the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the directness with which it links the shooting of an albatross(信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning, death-dealing sun. We may not understand the mechanism, but at an instinctual(本能的) level it feels right.
And in a similar way it has not really been a surprise to hear that birds are struggling. In London, young swifts (雨燕) were seen falling out of the sky. Fewer—and too early—nuts and berries mean some animals will not live through this winter. Older trees, with their longer roots, will hopefully survive, but young trees may not—all that promises further warming. There will always be a degree of uncertainty about the causes of specific weather events, but we cannot deny that we have not taken care of the albatross. Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days are pot an autumn of autumns.
50. According to the passage, what is a disturbing sign of “a false autumn”?
A. Tree leaves are turning orange and fall gradually in winter.
B. Birds are struggling to fall out of the sky in London.
C. People worldwide are careless of droughts and heat in the UK.
D. Nuts and berries-ripen earlier but yield less than before.
51. Why is Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner so effective?
A. Because people across the world sympathize with the albatross.
B. Because it directly links destruction of wildlife to extreme weather.
C. Because we are certain about how the weather shifts instinctually.
D. Because he is an established Romantic poet curious about nature.
52. Which of the following is implied by the underlined sentence (Line 6, Paragraph 4)?
A. This autumn must be seen as a warning to take instant action.
B. Plants and animals are bound to survive in spite of their fear.
C. The writer appreciates and looks forward to such golden days.
D. Abundant environmental protection has already been ensured.
53. What is the overall tone of the passage?
A. Optimistic. B. Concerned. C. Humorous. D. Ironic.
【答案】50. A 51. B 52. A 53. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了气候变暖导致秋天变成了“虚假秋天“，呼吁人们将这种现象视为警告，采取措施阻止全球变暖现象进一步恶化。
50题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors and flying into street corners. From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning and leaf fall is not the usual gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones(温带) but a stress response by trees trying to preserve water.(树林正在变成橙色。一堆堆干树叶生长在森林地面上，飞到街道的角落。从远处看，它是美丽的。但是空气仍然是温暖和夏天。在温带地区，这种转变和落叶并不是通常的渐进过冬准备，而是树木试图保存水分的应激反应。)”可知，本来秋天树叶变黄落下。现在冬天树叶变黄落下，人们误把冬天当秋天，就是虚假秋天。“虚假秋天”的令人不安的迹象是树叶在冬天逐渐变成橙色并逐渐落下。故选A。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One of the reasons why the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the directness with which it links the shooting of an albatross(信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning, death-dealing sun.( 浪漫主义诗人塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge) 1798年的诗歌《古水手之歌》如此有效果，原因之一是它直接将射杀信天翁——对无辜野生动物的毁灭——与可怕的天气变化联系起来:没有下雨，只有灼热的、令人死亡的太阳。)”可知，柯勒律治1798年的诗歌《古水手之歌》如此有效是因为它将野生动物的毁灭与极端天气直接联系起来。故选B。
【52题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days are pot an autumn of autumns.(现在，我们必须希望我们正在做的足够多，以确保这些可怕的黄金日子成为一个真正秋天中的秋天。)”可推知，划线的句子暗示我们今年秋天必须被视为一个警告，要立即采取行动阻止气候变暖进一步恶化。故选A。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“We are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels wrong.(我们现在正处在一个由炎热和干旱造成的假秋天。这感觉不对。)”，文章第二段“There is, therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms.( 因此，这种对熟悉节奏的形象改变令人深感不安。)”、文章第三段“Cultures across the world contain ceremonies for the propitiation of the weather; a sense of responsibility for the natural world—and the belief that it will punish us if we fail it—is as old as humanity.( 世界各地的文化都有庆祝天气平息的仪式;对自然世界的责任感——相信如果我们辜负了自然世界，自然世界就会惩罚我们——和人类一样古老。)”和文章最后一段“Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days are pot an autumn of autumns.(现在，我们必须希望我们正在做的足够多，以确保这些可怕的黄金日子成为一个真正秋天中的秋天。)”可知，文章讲述了气候变暖导致秋天变成了“假秋天”，呼吁人们将这种现象视为警告，采取措施阻止全球变暖进一步恶化。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的整体基调是担心的。故选B。
(B)
The Advice Gap
Advice My Parents Gave Me: Go to college and major in what you love.
Advice I Will Give My Kids: Go to college only if you’ll major in science, engineering, or money. It’s a depressing job market, and majoring in English literature or anything with the word English in it has been useless since 1910s.
My Parents: Never show up to a party empty-handed.
Me: Never show up to a party. Send a text to the host twenty minutes before the party starts to say that you’re “sooooooo sorry” to cancel but your stomach is feeling “weird.”
My Parents: To find a job, walk into the offices of ABC News’s “This Week with George Stephanopoulos” and ask for one.
Me: Apply to jobs via LinkedIn, Zip-Recruiter, or your connections. Write a cover letter and attach your résumé, then manually enter the same information through the company’s portal, which looks as though it were designed in Microsoft Paint. Do this twenty times a day for two years, and you’re bound to make it to a third round of phone interviews before getting ghosted.
My Parents: Learn the difference between a 401(k) (an employer-sponsored defined-contribution pension account) and a Roth I.R.A. (a special retirement account) so that you can start investing early.
Me: Learn the difference between a 401(k) and a Roth I.R.A. so that you can explain it to me.
My Parents: Never wait to do your taxes.
Me: If you wait long enough to do your taxes, there might be a global crisis that forces the federal government to extend the deadline: Then you can wait some more and do them right before the new deadline.
My Parents: Work hard so you can save for retirement.
Me: Retirement is something you’ll read about in your history books under the tile “Abstract Ideas.”
My Parents: When we’re gone, look after your siblings and never fight with them over money!
Me: When I’m gone, clear my browser history. Don’t quarrel with your siblings over who gets my monthly ten-cent payments from Medium (an American online publishing platform).

54. Why do you think the author has written this passage?
A. To present a better guide for young people today.
B. To show his annoyance with his parents’ advice.
C. To exhibit his capability of living a worthy life.
D. To demonstrate the contemporary generation gap.
55. Which of the following suggestions is the author most UNLIKELY to agree with?
A. Science majors should be favored over those related to English in college.
B. Job seekers should try various means and prepare for gloomy prospects.
C. You should check your stomach first before texting to the host of a party.
D. Siblings shouldn’t fight with each other but protect their gone parents’ privacy.
56. When it comes to finances, the author holds the idea that ________.
A. saving for retirement contributes to a better grasp of history books about abstract ideas.
B. the younger generation may inherit the legacy of their parents’ payment bills in the future.
C. the knowledge about a 401(k) and a Roth I.R.A is quite significant for early investment.
D. doing taxes is absolutely urgent, even allowing for unpredictable economic conditions.
【答案】54. D 55. C 56. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对比举例的方式告诉读者，作者自己的父母和自己在一些方面给孩子的建议会有什么不同。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者从多个方面展开比较，比较自己的父母和自己在一些理念上的不同，也就是建议的不同；再根据标题“The Advice Gap(建议差距)”可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了阐述在提供建议这方面，作者和父母之间的代沟。故选D。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章三、四两段“My Parents: Never show up to a party empty-handed. Me: Never show up to a party. Send a text to the host twenty minutes before the party starts to say that you’re “sooooooo sorry” to cancel but your stomach is feeling “weird.”(我的父母：永远不要空手去参加聚会。我：从不出席派对。在聚会开始前20分钟给主人发一条短信，告诉他你“非常非常抱歉”要取消聚会，但你的胃感觉“不舒服”。)”可知，这里的胃不舒服，只是作者不想参加聚会而编造的理由，不是真的胃不舒服。故选C。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第十一、十二段“My Parents: Work hard so you can save for retirement. Me: Retirement is something you’ll read about in your history books under the tile “Abstract Ideas.”(我的父母：努力工作，这样你就可以为退休存钱了。我：退休是你会在历史书的“抽象概念”栏下读到的事情。)”可知，作者认为退休以后不会存在，所以为退休存钱这样的说法以后也只能在历史书中才能看到。故选A。
(C)
Since teenage friendships are often a never-ending revolving door of gossip between peers, what can be said about high school friendships? How long can they last outside of high school? And how does one affect an individual?
Growing up with movies such as “High School Musical” and “Grease”, which portrayed the ideal high school friendships, we sometimes have the expectation of having a perfect relationship, staying in contact after graduation, possibly even graduating from college together and becoming lifelong friends.
Chances are you may experience genuine and pare friendships but still encounter failed ones, so high school is a time to think about what kind of people you do and do not want in your life. Although most adults see high school drama as silly, teenagers can be in the “this is the end of the world” mindset when it comes to minor inconvenience. Most teens have not realized the big question when dealing with high school problems: In five years, will this still matter? It is hard to look at the big picture when the problems are in front of you, which is understandable. However, most teens need a moment to weigh and question if the problem matters in the long run.
“In the end, the friends who are inclusive and only want to see you happy and successful are the ones that really matter. Those people have helped me grow as a person. Drama is drama, and there’s no way to get around it, but if you focus on those positive people, you are sure to live a happy life socially and individually,” Karen Hart said.
As time goes on, the fiends you were in contact with after high school slowly dwindle. People embark on different pathways and go different directions. Briana Lopez, Class of 2008 graduate and current substitute teacher, said, “I am currently in contact with two high school friends. I think the friendship experiences I had in high school shaped who I am because I learned to be open-minded and be friend all kinds of people. I learned to see people for who they are, not what they wear or who they hang out with. I learned most of all how to be a good friend.”
High school is a small percentage of your life, but it has a huge impact on who you will become and where you will go. Friendships and relationships help mold who you are, be they good or bad. Lessons are brought, and lessons are learned. If you are currently dealing amongst high school drama, ask yourself: In five years, will this really matter?
57. The author mentioned “High School Musical” and “Grease” in paragraph 2 mainly to show ________.
A. high school relationships are not ideally portrayed
B. such movies are quite popular among grown-ups
C. teenage viewers expect perfect school friendships
D. high school friends always become lifelong friends
58. If Lily, a 16-year-old high school student finds difficulty dealing with high school drama, which of the following tip might be helpful?
A. Ask herself: “In five years, is it a big deal?”
B. Feel worried about “this is the end of the world”.
C. Treat failed friendships equally as genuine ones.
D. Pay close attention to the problem facing her.
59. The underlined word “dwindle” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to ________.
A. become greater, more serious or more extreme
B. improve something and make it more successful
C. return to a normal condition after difficulty
D. decrease in size, amount value, or degree
60. According to the passage, how do high school friendships impact an individual?
A. Exclusive friends help one grow and live a pleasant life.
B. They may shape one’s personality and paths in the future.
C. One tends to judge people based on appearance and style.
D. Positive friends reach out to help avoid high school drama.
【答案】57. C 58. A 59. D 60. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们高中时期的友谊可能产生的影响和应该如何看等待高中时期的友谊。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Growing up with movies such as “High School Musical” and “Grease”, which portrayed the ideal high school friendships, we sometimes have the expectation of having a perfect relationship, staying in contact after graduation, possibly even graduating from college together and becoming lifelong friends. (电影《歌舞青春》和《油脂》描绘了理想的高中友谊，在它们的陪伴下成长起来的我们，有时会期待拥有一段完美的友谊：在毕业后保持联系，甚至可能一起从大学毕业，成为一生的朋友)”可推知，作者在第二段提到《歌舞青春》和《油脂》主要是为了说明青少年观众受电影影响，期待完美的校园友谊。故选C项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Although most adults see high school drama as silly, teenagers can be in the “this is the end of the world” mindset when it comes to minor inconvenience. Most teens have not realized the big question when dealing with high school problems: In five years, will this still matter? It is hard to look at the big picture when the problems are in front of you, which is understandable. However, most teens need a moment to weigh and question if the problem matters in the long run.(尽管大多数成年人认为高中关于友谊的闹剧是愚蠢的，但青少年在遇到这类小麻烦时可能会有“这是世界末日”的心态。大多数青少年在处理高中问题时没有意识到一个更重要的问题：五年后，这还会重要吗？当问题就在眼前的时候，很难看到大局，这是可以理解的。然而，大多数青少年需要一点时间来权衡和思考这个问题是否有长期的影响)”可推知，如果16岁的高中生莉莉在处理关于友谊的闹剧方面遇到困难，作者会建议她问自己：五年后，这还会重要吗？故选A项。
【59题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在部分“As time goes on, the fiends you were in contact with after high school slowly dwindle. People embark on different pathways and go different directions.(随着时间的推移，你在高中毕业后接触的朋友会慢慢dwindle。人们走上不同的道路，走向不同的方向)”中“As time goes on”和“People embark on different pathways and go different directions. (人们走上不同的道路，走向不同的方向。)”可推知，因为毕业后走上了不同的道路和方向，高中的朋友会渐行渐远，越来越少，dwindle即“decrease in size, amount value, or degree (大小、数量、价值或程度的减少)”。故选D项。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“High school is a small percentage of your life, but it has a huge impact on who you will become and where you will go. (高中生活只占你生活的一小部分，但它对你将来成为什么样的人、你要去哪里有着巨大的影响)”可推知，高中友谊可能会塑造一个人的个性和他未来的道路。故选B项。
(D)
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help ease the effects of a warmer world. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behavior. In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), limbs (肢) and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, a kind of small and grayish birds, found the same pattern. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice, shrews (鼩鼱) and bats evolving bigger ears, tails, legs and wings.
All that matches nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named after Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附肢) than those in temperate regions. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed extra heat. Being richly equipped with blood vessels, and not covered by protective feathers, beaks wake an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat, Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sabara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms. Ryding examined museum specimens, comparing their bodies to those of their modem counterparts. She is not the first researcher to employ that method. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖的) alteration. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes.
Looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer, says Ms. Ryding. Her team combined data form different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most credible explanation.
For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
Studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. Much of Ms. Rying’s data concern birds, with less information available for other groups. But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. The animals living in it will look different, too.
61. How is climate change altering the bodies of animal species?
A. Beaks of North American dark-eyed juncos have grown by 4% to 10%.
B. The leg size of mammals like mice and shrews has increased since 1871.
C. Australian parrots now possess tails 4% longer than they used to.
D. Bats have seen a dramatic increase in the size of their ears and wings.
62. According to Allen’s rule why do animals experience anatomical alteration?
A. To reduce the ratio between surface area and volume.
B. To avoid damaging blood vessels in their appendages.
C. To assist creatures in letting off unnecessary heat.
D. To catch prey more efficiently in the Sahara desert.
63. Which of the following statements is true about Sara Ryding’s research?
A. Her team is among the first to compare museum specimens to modern animal bodies.
B. It has ruled out the possibility that changes in prey will drive the anatomical alteration.
C. Her team collected data of individual animal species from a limited geographical range.
D. It’s adopted a comprehensive angle to prove that climate change Has altered animals’ body.
64. What can we infer from Paragraph 6?
A. Animals will continue to experience increases in their appendages by 10%.
B. Changes in animal bodies will hopefully provide chances for profitable trade.
C. Such evolutionary adaptation will likely impose heavier burdens on animals.
D. Global warming will surely contribute to animals’ body change for the better.
65. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. More Solutions are Needed as the Planet Earth Heats up
B. The Effects of a Warmer World are Visible in Animals’ Bodies
C. Global Warming Triggers Extreme Heat and Loss of Species
D. Animals Threatened by Global Warming are Crying for Help
【答案】61. A 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了动物是如何改变他们的身体来适应气候变化的。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, a kind of small and grayish birds, found the same pattern.(例如，自1871年以来，一些澳大利亚鹦鹉的喙尺寸增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在北美的黑眼睛juncos，一种小而灰白色的鸟，发现了同样的模式)”可知，气候变化使北美黑眼睛juncos的喙增加了4%到10%。故选A。
62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed extra heat.(这种适应性增加了动物相对于身体体积的表面积，帮助它散发额外的热量)”可知，动物经历解剖结构的改变是为了帮助动物释放不必要的热量。故选C。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Her team combined data form different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most credible explanation.(她的团队结合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据。她说，除了生活在一个变暖的星球上，他们几乎没有共同点，气候变化是最合理的解释)”可知，Sara Ryding的研究采用了一个全面的角度来证明是气候变化改变了动物的身体。故选D。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中“Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.(由于任何进化适应都需要权衡利弊，尚不清楚这个过程会走多远。例如，更大的喙可能会妨碍进食。更大的翅膀更重，更大的腿需要更多的能量来成长)”可知，这种进化适应可能会给动物带来更沉重的负担。故选C。
【65题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks(喙), limbs(肢) and ears.(气候变化已经改变了许多动物的身体，使它们的喙、四肢和耳朵变大)”可知，本文主要介绍了气候变化已经改变了许多动物的身体。B项“全球变暖的影响可以在动物身上看到”适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅵ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
66. 让记者们大跌眼镜的是，他竟然获得了诺贝尔奖。(turn out) （汉译英）
【答案】Much to the astonishment of journalists, he turned out to be the winner of the Nobel Prize.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。to the astonishment of sb.使某人吃惊的是；turn out to be有“成为”的意思，但仍然保留一点“原先没有想到”，“出意料之外”的语气； the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Much to the astonishment of journalists, he turned out to be the winner of the Nobel Prize.
67. 艺术家们赞不绝口的中国山水画展现了对人与自然和谐关系的追求。(praise n.) （汉译英）
【答案】Chinese landscape paintings, which win high praise from artists, show the pursuit of a harmonious relationship between man and nature.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、语态和定语从句。 landscape painting山水画，风景画；the pursuit of……的追求；harmonious relationship和谐关系；between...and...在……和……之间。句中先行词为Chinese landscape paintings，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。且与动词praise之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为Chinese landscape paintings, which are highly praised by artists, show the pursuit of a harmonious relationship between man and nature.
68. 近年来，环保人士呼吁政府禁止以发展为名乱砍滥伐，这也能保护濒危物种免于灭绝。(which) （汉译英）
【答案】Recently, environmentalists have made an appeal to the government for prohibiting cutting down trees based on development, which also can protect endangered species from extinction.
【解析】
【详解】考查which引导的非限制性定语从句以及时态。表示“近年来”用recently，句子应使用现在完成时；表示“向某人呼吁某事”用短语make an appeal to sb for sth；表示“禁止做某事”用prohibit doing做宾语。表示“砍树”用短语cut down trees做prohibit的宾语；表示“这”用which指代前面提到的事，引导非限制性定语从句；表示“濒危物种”用endangered species；故翻译为Recently, environmentalists have made an appeal to the government for prohibiting cutting down trees based on development, which also can protect endangered species from extinction.