新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第7 常考话题二生态环保类 (含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第7 常考话题二生态环保类 (含解析)，共11页。试卷主要包含了8 and 12等内容，欢迎下载使用。
“人与自然和谐发展”是时代的主题，生态环保类阅读理解是历年高考命题的热点，这类文章与学生的生活息息相关。通过对这些话题的学习和高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。因此，考生应该了解生态环保类文章的以下特点：
生态环保类说明文通常会开门见山表明作者的观点，并且通常使用比较新颖的词汇和长难句，这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题和细节理解题上。具体答题策略如下：
(2021·全国乙·C)
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year.But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des.He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage，frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year，the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse”，a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves，frzen mid-crash.Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups，the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City，Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin，but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and，because f their small size and weight，they cannt be recycled.Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes.Once the drink is gne，the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018，Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic：Every 60 secnds，a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean.Fr this wrk，titled “Trucklad f Plastic”，Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic，which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28．What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.
B．Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C．Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.
D．Reducing garbage n the beach.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage，frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.”可知，艺术家Vn Wng制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料垃圾造成的问题。
29．Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B．T explain why they are useful.
C．T vice his views n mdern art.
D．T find a substitute fr them.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的“Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic f their small size and weight，they cannt be recycled.”可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为体积小和重量轻而无法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。
30．What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，Trucklad f Plastic这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C．Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通览全文可知，作者主要讲述了艺术家Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以唤起人们对环保问题的关注，因此最佳标题为D。
A
The Amazn rainfrest is as undisturbed a place as mst peple can imagine，but even there，the effects f a changing climate are playing ut.Nw，research suggests that many f the regin’s mst sensitive bird species are starting t evlve in respnse t warming.
Birds are ften cnsidered sentinel(哨兵)species—meaning that they indicate the verall health f an ecsystem—s scientists are particularly interested in hw they’re respnding t climate change.In general，the news has nt been gd.Fr instance，a 2019 reprt by the Natinal Audubn Sciety fund that mre than tw-thirds f Nrth America’s bird species will be in danger f extinctin by 2100 if warming trends cntinue n their current curse.
Fr the new study，researchers cllected the biggest dataset s far n the Amazn’s resident birds，representing 77 nn-migratry species and lasting the 40 years frm 1979 t 2019.During the study perid，the average temperature in the regin rse，while the amunt f rainfall declined，making fr a htter，dryer climate verall.Accrding t the reprt n Nvember 12 in the jurnal Science Advances,36 species have lst substantial weight，as much as 2 percent f their bdy weight per decade since 1980.Meanwhile，all the species shwed sme decrease in average bdy mass，while a third grew lnger wings.
Because f the study’s lng time series and large sample sizes，the authrs were able t shw the mrphlgical(形态学的)effects f climate change n resident birds.Hwever，the researchers themselves are unsure and wnder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds，but suppse smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cl.In general，smaller animals have a larger rate f surface area t bdy size，s they dissipate mre heat faster than a bigger animal.Less available fd，such as fruit r insects，in dryer weather might lead t smaller bdy size.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了气候变化对鸟的影响。)
1．Why are scientists fnd f ding research n birds?
A．They have small bdy sizes.
B．They are sensitive t ht weather.
C．They live in an undisturbed rainfrest.
D．They are eclgical balance indicatrs.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态系统平衡的指标。故选D。
2．What can we learn frm the new study?
A．A third f species have been extinct fr a decade.
B．36 species lst 2% f their bdy weight every year.
C．Tw-thirds f species shwed a cnsiderable decrease in weight.
D．Abut 26 species respnded t climate change with lnger wings.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“representing 77 nn-migratry species”以及“while a third grew lnger wings”可知，大约26种鸟类长出较长的翅膀来应对气候变化。故选D。
3．What des the underlined wrd “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Put ff. B．Give ff.
C．Put away. D．Give away.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“ birds may have an easier time keeping cl.In general，smaller animals have a larger rate f surface area t bdy size”可知较小动物的表面积相对于自身整体而言较大，因此散发热量就更多更快，所以更容易保持凉爽，dissipate的意思是“散发”，与Give ff(散发)的词义一致。故选B。
4．What wuld prbably the researchers further study?
A．Why it is easier fr smaller animals t keep cl.
B．What effects the wing length changes have n birds.
C．Why the Amaznian birds have lst substantial weight.
D．Whether bird species in Nrth America will be extinct in 2100.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句(然而，研究者们自己也不确信，想知道鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么好处)可知，研究者将进一步研究鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么影响。故选B。
B
The ver 48,000 range trees in Seville，Spain，nt nly fill the city’s air with the pleasant smell f range blssms in spring，but they als prduce ver 16,500 tns f fruit every winter.Thugh that makes the capital f suthern Spain’s Andalusia regin Eurpe’s tp range-prducing city，the fruit is t sur t be cnsumed fresh.While sme f the prduce is used t make range jam and an alchlic drink，mst f it ends up in Seville’s landfills(填埋场)．Hwever，that may change sn thanks t a clever idea t use the ranges t prduce clean energy.
The trial prgram is being launched by the city’s cuncil and park department in cperatin with Emasesa，Seville’s water supply and sanitatin(卫生) divisin.Juice frm 38.6 tns f ranges will be left t ferment(发酵) in a specialized facility.The methane(甲烷) released frm the fermented liquid will be captured and used t drive a generatr t prduce clean pwer.The fficials estimate the test run will prduce abut 1,500 kWh f energy—enugh t run ne f Emasesa’s water purificatin plants.T ensure there is n waste，the range skins，peels，and flesh will be used as fertilizer.
“It’s nt just abut saving mney.The ranges are a prblem fr the city，and we’re prducing added value frm waste，” said Benign Lpez，head f Emasesa’s envirnmental department.
If successful，by 2023，the city hpes t recycle all the ranges and add the electricity prduced back int its pwer transmissin netwrk.In trial runs，ne tn f ranges prduced 50 kWh f clean energy—enugh t cver the daily electricity needs f five hmes.The prject team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled，it will prduce enugh energy t pwer as many as 73,000 residences.
“This prject will help us t reach ur targets fr reducing emissins，energy self-sufficiency，and the circular ecnmy，” Juan Espadas Cejas，mayr f Seville，said in the press cnference annuncing the trial scheme.
5．What d we knw abut ranges in Seville frm the first paragraph?
A．They are usually picked in spring.
B．They are mstly used t make jams and juice.
C．They are nt recmmended t be eaten fresh.
D．They make Seville the wrld’s tp range-prducing city.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，塞维利亚的橙子太酸了，不建议新鲜食用。故选C。
6．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．Different uses f ranges.
B．Hw t prduce pwer frm juice.
C．An intrductin t the trial prgram.
D．Why the trial prgram was put frward.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要介绍了这一试验方案。故选C。
7．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Seville hasn’t carried ut the trial prgram yet.
B．The electricity prduced will be used t purify water.
C．The electricity prduced will g t Seville’s pwer plants.
D．Seville may need t recycle 14,600 tns f ranges t pwer 73,000 hmes.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，一吨橙子产生的清洁能源足够满足五个家庭的日常用电需要。那么73 000个家庭则需要14 600吨橙子。故选D。
8．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Seville Is Turning Waste int Wealth
B．Seville Is Seeking Market fr Oranges
C．Seville Is Cntributing t Glbal Warming
D．Seville Is Dealing with the Electricity Shrtage
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句及全文可知，文章主要介绍西班牙城市塞维利亚利用本将都作为垃圾被掩埋的橙子来生产清洁能源。故选A。
强化练(十五) 生态环保类说明文
A
When it cmes t becming ec-cnscius，many peple chse t start with smething simple：recycling.But it’s nt as simple as everyne seems t believe.
Indeed，the desire fr sme peple t recycle can lead t ill-infrmed decisins abut what can and cannt be recycled，and nn-recyclable bjects are accidentally put int the recycling bin.The practice is what is knwn as wishcycling.
Wishcycling bils dwn t the idea that just abut anything can be recycled，and that if yu put it int a recycling bin，thse wh are respnsible fr it will find a way t recycle it.This is bviusly nt true，because，despite everything that yu’ve been tld by the media，nt everything is recyclable.
Small nn-recyclable bjects that are attached t recyclables are generally acceptable.Fr example，glue and tape attached t paper will be remved in the recycling prcess withut any truble.But imprperly recycling brken eyeglasses，plastic shpping bags，fd waste and greasy(油渍) pizza bxes culd cause prblems t the recycling prcess.
The bjects in the recycling bin are typically srted by machines at recycling centers，nt peple.These cmplex machines are designed t separate plastics，paper，and ther recyclables.If smething is thrwn int the bin that shuldn’t be there，it culd end up damaging the machine，which means the recycling center culd lse time and mney every time peple decide t wishcycle.Smetimes，a nn-recyclable bject is able t sneak(溜)past these srting machines.If this happens，the nn-recyclable bject ends up in a lad f recyclables that will be sld fr the recycling center t make a prfit.Hwever，having just ne nn-recyclable thing mixed in can pllute the entire lad f recyclables，which has t be thrwn away.
S what yu as a cnsumer need t d is make yur wn recycling practice mst functinal.The best way is t educate yurself.There are certain general rules when it cmes t recycling that everyne shuld knw.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是wishcycling以及它带来的一些问题。)
1．What d we knw abut wishcycling?
A．It is misled by the media.
B．It leads t a better eclgy.
C．It is related t ill intentins.
D．It cmes frm peple’s hpe.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段第一句可知，wishcycling是指人们不考虑东西是否可以回收，按照自己的意愿进行回收。故选D。
2．Which f the fllwing can be put int the recycling bin accrding t the passage?
A．Paper with glue n it.
B．Oily pizza bxes.
C．Plastic shpping bags.
D．Left-ver fd.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，粘有胶水的纸是可以放到可回收垃圾桶的。故选A。
3．What is paragraph 5 abut?
A．The prblems frm wishcycling.
B．The need t update the machines.
C．The reasns fr making less prfit.
D．The bjects unsuitable fr recycling.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据本段的主要内容可知，本段主要介绍了wishcycling给回收中心带来的一些问题。故选A。
4．What might be talked abut in the paragraph that fllws?
A．Reducing waste. B．Making rules.
C．Recycling prperly. D．Cnsuming wisely.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。结合上文讲述wishcycling带来的一些问题和最后一段最后一句可推知，下文可能会介绍如何进行正确的回收。故选C。
B
It’s a simple yet effective message that appeals，and leads t a satisfying way f mtivating us t prmte envirnmentalism in ur wn way.
Brn in Nairbi，Lesein Mutunkei is in his late teens，and his Trees4Gals is the means with which he intends t make the wrld greener.It unites tw f his self-declared passins in life：lve f the utdrs，with his lve f ftball.Lesein enjyed walking in the frest，but recgnised his cuntry was experiencing a serius lss f tree cver.Between 2001 and 2020，Kenya lst an estimated 11% f trees，releasing as many as 176 millin tns f CO2.
In a blg pst fr WWF Kenya，Lesein revealed that，nce he started the Trees4Gals initiative，he riginally planned t plant ne tree per gal.By 2020，he wanted t take his effrts even further.What started as ne tree planted per gal mushrmed int 11 trees planted per gal.Explaining the reasning behind expanding the tree-planting，he said，“It represents team effrt in ftball and the cntributin by my team.I have managed t hit the 1,000th tree milestne in the last tw years.”
While it’s smething f an wn gal t destry the frests and jungles prviding enrmus bidiversity，innvative initiatives like Trees4Gals are an assured way t scre an envirnmentalist hat-trick.Ftball is ppular.It cuts thrugh cultural barriers irrespective f the cuntry it is played in.By increasing the trees planted per gal，with mre such initiatives springing up，even mre will be grwn.
Like a seed，best ideas start small and change int smething that can becme far larger than anticipated.While Lesein cntinues planting 11 trees per gal，Kenyan gvernment is aiming t ensure the planting f 1.8 billin trees t reach 10% frest cverage.The science behind is clear：if 900 millin hectares are devted t half a trillin trees，the wrld can ffset(抵消) half f all carbn released since 1960.
5．What gave Lesein the idea f launching the prject?
A．Release f t much CO2.
B．Dream f mtivating thers.
C．Passin fr sprts and nature.
D．Habit f exercising in the wds.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，正是对于足球和户外的热爱，才使他开创了这个项目。故选C。
6．What did Lesein d in 2020?
A．He created a blg fr WWF.
B．He multiplied his cmmitment.
C．He planted ne tree fr each gal.
D．He extended his wrk t ther teams.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，他加大了自己的投入，从踢进一个球就种植一棵树迅速增加到踢进一个球就种植十一棵树。故选B。
7．What d the underlined wrds “wn gal” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Aim that is intended t achieve.
B．Actin that harms ne’s wn interests.
C．Pursuit tward which effrt is directed.
D．Gal that is scred fr the ppsing team.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“t destry the frests and jungles prviding enrmus bidiversity”和常识可知，破坏森林和丛林是危害自然、损害自己和他人的行为。B项与“wn gal”意思相一致。故选B。
8．What can we learn frm Lesein’s stry?
A．United，we win.
B．N pains，n gains.
C．Lve me，lve my dg.
D．Small deeds，big difference.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段可推断，文章主要表达的是从小事做起，往往能带来大的影响。故选D。
C
(2022·安徽马鞍山二模)
In 2007，the African Unin annunced an ambitius prject—t plant the Great Green Wall(GGW)，a band f trees that wuld stretch the length f the Sahel.
The GGW is an eclgical restratin prject designed by African peple fr African peple.Heavy rains，drughts，wildfires and landslides have all becme cmmn thrughut the wrld.But nwhere is quite like the Sahel.In this huge African regin，climate change has materialized in a dramatic manner.In sme cases，the severe cnditins have left peple with n ptin ther than t migrate elsewhere t survive.It was with all f this in mind that the extrardinary，but heavily debated prject was first put frward.
Furteen years have passed since the initiative frmally kicked ff.The stated gal was t create a 15-kilmetre-wide,8,000-kilmetre-lng green belt f trees and ther plants that，by 2030，wuld span(跨越) the entire width f the Sahel，frm Senegal t Djibuti.Overall,100 millin hectares(公顷) f land wuld be restred by 2030.Once cmpleted，it was annunced，the wall culd end up capturing(俘获) 250 millin tnnes f carbn dixide，while its creatin and upkeep culd create ten millin jbs in rural areas.
Lking at the prject as a whle，there’s still a lng way t g.Accrding t a status reprt by the UN Cnventin t Cmbat Desertificatin，abut fur millin hectares f degraded land have been restred.This means that prgress twards the 100 millin hectares target stands at just fur per cent.
“When we started restring the sil，we realized the area at risk was much wider than we initially thught，” explains Elvis Paul Tangem，the African Unin’s GGW crdinatr.“We had few funds t push the initiative as much as we wanted t.There was skepticism amng investrs，wh didn’t understand the prject，but als amng the African states themselves，which needed time t figure ut if the GGW was a pririty.”
9．What is the purpse f the GGW prject?
A．T imprve lcal eclgy.
B．T develp rural ecnmy.
C．T predict climate patterns.
D．T strengthen reginal ties.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，GGW计划的目的是应对非洲多变的气候，改善当地生态。故选A。
10．What d the statistics in paragraph 3 shw f the initiative?
A．The service perid.
B．The ttal budget.
C．The targeted grups.
D．The expected benefits.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可推断，这些数字表明了GGW计划的预期收益。故选D。
11．Hw des Elvis Paul Tangem feel abut the prject?
A．Skeptical. B．Wrried.
C．Cnfident. D．Satisfied.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断，埃尔维斯·保罗·坦吉姆对这项计划感到担忧。故选B。
12．What message des the authr intend t cnvey in the text?
A．African cuntries shuld stand tgether.
B．The prgress f the GGW prject is slw.
C．Fighting climate change is ur tp pririty.
D．Natural disasters are wrse than we thught.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。根据倒数第二段可推断，作者通过这篇文章想要传递的信息是GGW计划进展缓慢。故选B。话题内容
动植物保护、环境保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环保生活方式、人与自然和谐发展。
命题
细节理解题、主旨大意题、观点态度题、词义猜测题等。
语篇解读 艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng非常关注塑料污染的问题，他用回收的废旧塑料垃圾创作巨型雕塑，以唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。西班牙城市塞维利亚的冬季是橙色的季节，但是当地近16 500吨的橙子大部分都作为垃圾被掩埋。然而，这一现象即将改变，这些无用的橙子将被用来生产清洁能源。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯尼亚的一个少年开创了一个项目Trees4Gals，目的是提高肯尼亚的森林覆盖率。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了非洲的GGW计划，阐明了原因以及预期收益，还补充说明了这一计划由于各方面的困难进展缓慢。