高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点04 阅读理解之主旨题（含解析）

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点04 阅读理解之主旨题（含解析），共26页。试卷主要包含了涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段，范围恰当，既不太宽泛，也不片面，无中生有，生搬硬套等内容，欢迎下载使用。
查补易混易错04 阅读理解之主旨题


新高考卷
全国卷

2022
2021
2022
2021

卷I
卷II
卷I
卷II
乙卷
甲卷
乙卷
甲卷
细节理解题
6
7
8
8
8
8
6
5
推理判断题
7
5
5
5
5
3
6
8
词义猜测题
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
主旨大意题
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1


题型特点
　　主旨大意题要求高、难度大，是阅读理解中考生最容易失分的题目。此类试题不仅要求考生有略读文章、领会大意的能力，还要求考生具有较强的判断、推理、归纳和分析问题的能力。主旨大意题一般包括：文章标题、文章主旨和段落大意。　
正确选项特征
1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.范围恰当，既不太宽泛，也不片面。
3.精确性强，不会改变原文表意的程度及感情色彩。
干扰选项特征
1.过于笼统，不知所云：所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
2.以偏概全，主次不分：所给选项只涵盖文章的部分内容，与原文只有部分交集，或以文中的细节信息或个别词作为选项内容，或以次要内容充当主要内容。
3.移花接木，偷换概念：所给选项把A的内容放在B上。
4.无中生有，生搬硬套：所给选项的内容看似与原文相关，实则无关。

技巧1 速读文章，明确主题
速读文章，抓住文章主题句或关键词。考生应抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。
(1)、主题句的特征
①、首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往体现文章主旨;
②、作者有意识地反复陈述的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词或短语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词;
③、段落中出现表转折的词或短语(如 however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该词或短语后的句子很可能是主题句。
(2)、寻找主题句
①、主题句在段首
主题句在段首的文章结构是先点明主题，然后围绕这一主题进行分析，用演绎法阐述观点。在议论文、科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种方式。
②、主题句在段中
当主题句被安排在段落中间时，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、论证或展开。
③、主题句在段尾
主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后得出结论，即段落的主题。
【全国I 2020·D】The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.
【解析】根据第一段中的 positive及所举的两个例子(绿化的区城犯罪率低以及绿植多的办公区城员工的工
效率更高)可如，未段主要介绍的是绿色植物给人们带的处。故选D项。
技巧2 瞻首顾尾，定位中心句
每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句成为该段主题句的概率往往最大。将首段的中心句与各段第一句串联在一起，常常可以得出文章的中心思想。此外，文章的逻辑结构也有助于定位中心句。常见的结构有按时间顺序组织的结构或“分述------总说”结构。按时间先后顺序说明某一件事或某一理论的发展过程的文章,主题句通常在首段或末段；采用“分述-----总说”结构的文章，前几段分述，末段总结，这类文章主题句常在末段。
【全国Ⅱ 2020·B】
Some parents will buy any high-- tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills... .
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during every -day activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age... .
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study. C. A woman psychologist. D. A teaching program.
【解析】本文主要围绕一项研究展开说明，具体介绍了它的研究对象、研究方法及研究发现，最后还提到其研究结论被发表在一本学术刊物上。故选B项。
技巧3 确定概括范围，关注题目特点
主旨大意题的答案设置分为两类。一类是文章有一个明确的主题句，正确选项往往是它的同义转述句。做这类题时，首先要找出文章的主题句，这样就明确了文章要讲什么，再通读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。由于文章内容和体裁的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相同，因而主题句在文章中出现的位置也不固定。另一类是文章中没有可概括全文的中心句，主题句隐含在全文当中。阅读这样的文章时，考生应根据文章的细节来分析、概括，从而推导出文章的主旨大意。
【例】Two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.
In the upper part of the tunnel, two air conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproof covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The construction of two lanes. B. The function of a road.
C. The solution to cars' pollution. D. The design of two tunnels.
【解析】本段没有主题句，考生需要对文章进行整体概括。考生应多注意文章中反复出现的中心词 the tunnel
再结合文章的内容，可以推断出本文主要讲述的是隧道的设计。故选D项。

（一）
（2023年浙江1月份高考真题）According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1．What do solar developers often ignore?
A．The decline in the demand for solar energy. B．The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D．The most recent advances in solar technology.
2．What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A．Improve the productivity of local farms. B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
3．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
【参考答案】
1．B    2．C    3．A    4．D
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
【详情解析】
1．【B】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
2．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
3．【A】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
4．【D】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
（二）
（2023年浙江1月份高考真题）Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
5．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision.
6．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars?
A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it.
C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it.
7．What can we infer about the author?
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【参考答案】
5．B    6．A    7．D    8．C
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
【详情解析】
5．【B】词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。
6．【A】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
7．【D】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
8．【C】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。
（三）
（2022年全国高考甲卷真题）Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
9．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Sydney’s striking architecture. B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney’s development. D．Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
10．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A．He goes to work by boat. B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well. D．He is attached to the old ferries.
11．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A．It is losing its traditions. B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population. D．It is becoming more international.
12．Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【参考答案】
9．C    10．D    11．A    12．A
【语篇解读】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了悉尼城市发展中对于现代化和传统保护的困惑，并提出“一座城市可以同时年轻和年老”的观点。
【详情解析】
9．【C】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了自己的港口。)”和最后一句“But it is the harbor that makes the city.(但正是港口造就了这座城市。)”可知，第一段主要是讲悉尼发展的关键。故选C。
10．【D】细节理解题。根据第三段““I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.(“我会想念这些旧船的，”我们分手时他说。)”和第五段第二句“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot.(双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。)”可知，Andrew Reynolds喜欢那些旧渡船。故选D。
11．【A】细节理解题。根据第六段第二句中的“in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings(在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼抛弃了许多过去的东西，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”和第四句“We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.(我们似乎无法决定是要一个现代的城市还是一个传统的城市。)”可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼正在丢失传统。故选A。
12．【A】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.(另一方面，同时年轻和年老也有它的吸引力。)”可知，作者会认同“一座城市可以同时年轻和年老”的观点。故选A。
（四）
（浙江省杭州市地区重点中学2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题）“Sunshine might be healthier than most people think, outweighing the risk of skin cancer”, British doctors suggested last week. The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Experts agree exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”
Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with a protective effect against heart disease.
Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the “feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun”. The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.
“Perhaps, while we await the conclusions of such formal analyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun small.” they added.
Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scientific evidence. Britain’s Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50, 000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2, 000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 percent of cases were fatal. The authority’s skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, “We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn’t have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of “good health education””.
13．What can we learn about the four researchers in the first paragraph?
A．They were accused of warning people of the danger of too much sun.
B．They agreed exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays accelerated people’s aging.
C．They publicized the negative effect of the sun on the incidence of skin cancer.
D．They believed being exposed to sunlight might be beneficial to people’s health.
14．What will the Bristol team support?
A．Children should cover up in the sunlight. B．Sunshine helps to treat some skin conditions.
C．Those enjoying the sun are free of skin cancer. D．People should currently spend more time in the sun.
15．What does the “good health education” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Warning people of the danger of too much sunlight.
B．Informing people of the benefits of exposure to sunlight.
C．Convincing people of the effect of sun on skin conditions.
D．Reminding people of the good feeling of lying or sitting in the sun.
16．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．More people are dying from skin cancer. B．Sunshine does more harm than good to skin.
C．Sunshine can prevent heart disease in children. D．A study found sunshine has lots of benefits.
【参考答案】
13．D    14．B    15．A    16．D
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是，有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。
【详情解析】
13．【D】细节理解题。根据第一段的“The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.(布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。)”可知，这四位研究人员认为暴露在阳光下可能对人们的健康有益。故选D。
14．【B】推理判断题。根据第一段的“But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”(但在《英国医学杂志》上，由Andrew Ness领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”)”和第三段的“Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the “feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun”.(阳光对治疗某些皮肤状况也很有用，而且“躺在阳光下或坐在阳光下也有很好的感觉”。)”可知，布里斯托尔团队支持的是阳光有助于治疗一些皮肤问题。故选B。
15．【A】词句猜测题。根据第一段的“The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.(布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。)”和最后一段的“We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn’t have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of “good health education”(我们对这篇有争议的文章感到非常失望。它没有足够的支持证据，有可能使多年来的“良好健康教育”付之一流。)”可知，此处所说的“良好教育”指的是警告人们太多阳光的危害，故选A。
16．【D】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”(但在《英国医学杂志》上，由Andrew Ness领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”)”可知，本文主要讲的是有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响，也就是一项研究发现阳光有很多好处，故选D。
（五）
（江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三下学期1月份六校联合调研测试英语试题）The word listen, as is shown in Longman Dictionary, means paying attention to what someone is saying or to a sound that you can hear. Listening is definitely an important skill in communication. “When people talk, listen completely.” Those words of Ernest Hemingway might be a pretty good guiding principle for many managers. After all, people like being listened to.
Some firms use a technique known as a “listening circle”. In such a circle, only one person can talk about the issues they face at a time and there is no interruption. A study cited in the Harvard Business Review found that employees who had taken part in a listening circle subsequently suffered less social anxiety and had fewer worries about work-related matters than those who did not.
Listening has been critical to the career of Richard Mullender, who was a hostage (人质) negotiator, dealing with everything from suicide interventions to international kidnaps (绑架). He defines listening as “the identification, selection and interpretation of the key words”. It is crucial to all effective communication.
Plenty of people think that good listening is about nodding your head or keeping eye contact. But that is not really listening, Mr Mullender argues. A good listener is always looking for facts, emotions and indications of the other person’s values. Another important point to bear in mind is that, when you talk, you are not listening. The listener’s focus should be on analysis.
Of course, a listener needs to speak occasionally. One approach is to make an assessment of what the other person is telling you and then check it with them. For example, you can check with the other person by saying “It seems to me that what you want is…”. That gives the other party a sense that they are being understood. The fundamental aim is to build up a relationship so the other person likes you and trusts you, Mr Mullender says.
17．What can we learn about a “listening circle”?
A．A listening circle focuses on personal issues.
B．In a listening circle, a speaker won’t be interrupted.
C．A listening circle increases worries about work-related matters.
D．Employees get rid of social anxiety by taking part in a listening circle.
18．What’s Mr Mullender’s attitude to speaking occasionally when listening?
A．Critical. B．Opposed. C．Cautious. D．Favorable.
19．Why should we be good listeners?
A．To be liked and trusted by the other person.
B．To check our assessments with the other person.
C．To make assessments of what the other person is saying.
D．To have a sense of being understood by the other person.
20．What’s the best title of the text?
A．The Analysis of a Listening Circle B．The Tricks of Successful Listening
C．The Misunderstanding of Listening D．The Necessity of Effective Listening
【参考答案】
17．B    18．D    19．A    20．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了成功倾听的秘诀。
【详情解析】
17．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段“Some firms use a technique known as a “listening circle”. In such a circle, only one person can talk about the issues they face at a time and there is no interruption.(一些公司使用一种被称为“倾听圈”的技术。在这样的圈子里，一次只有一个人可以谈论他们面临的问题，而且没有中断)”可知，在“倾听圈”中，说话者不会被打断。故选B项。
18．【D】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, a listener needs to speak occasionally. One approach is to make an assessment of what the other person is telling you and then check it with them. For example, you can check with the other person by saying “It seems to me that what you want is …”. That gives the other party a sense that they are being understood. (当然，倾听者需要偶尔说话。一种方法是对对方告诉你的内容进行评估，然后与他们核对。例如，你可以通过说“在我看来，你想要的是……”来与对方核实。这给对方一种他们被理解的感觉)”可知，对于倾听时偶尔说话，Mullender先生的态度是支持的。故选D项。
19．【A】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The fundamental aim is to build up a relationship so the other person likes you and trusts you, Mr Mullender says.(Mullender先生说，基本目标是建立一种关系，让对方喜欢你并信任你)”可知，我们要成为好的倾听者，是为了被对方喜欢和信任。故选A项。
20．【B】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Listening is definitely an important skill in communication. “When people talk, listen completely.” Those words of Ernest Hemingway might be a pretty good guiding principle for many managers.(倾听无疑是沟通中的一项重要技能。“当人们说话时，要认真倾听。”欧内斯特·海明威的这些话可能是许多管理者的一个很好的指导原则)”、倒数第二段“A good listener is always looking for facts, emotions and indications of the other person’s values.(一个好的倾听者总是在寻找事实、情绪和他人价值观的迹象)”以及最后一段“Of course, a listener needs to speak occasionally.(当然，倾听者需要偶尔说话)”可知，本文主要介绍了成功倾听的秘诀，所以“成功倾听的秘诀”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
（六）
（2023届广东省名校联盟高三2月份大联考英语试题）Children are naturally curious about the world around them. When Chase Hansen was only 4 years old, he encountered homeless people for the first time while shopping with his dad at an outdoor mall in Salt Lake City, Nevada.  It’s no wonder that he had a lot of questions.
“Chase looked at me and said, ‘Dad, who are these people? Why don’t they have a place to stay?’” John Hansen recalled. “After I explained that they had run into hard times and were homeless, I knew that we were looking at an educational opportunity. My son wanted to help them.”
The father and son convinced a local Jamba Juice store to donate more than 100 smoothies(果汁)and the pair gave them out to homeless people in a park.
After that, they came up with an even better idea. “I wanted a way to get to know people better, “Chase said. ”So, my dad and I decided to start taking some of the homeless people we’d met out to lunch.
“A lot of people walk right past homeless people and don’t see the person,” he said. “I know now that they’re people just like us. They want to make a connection and not feel so alone in the world.”
Hundreds of lunches later, they run a self-funded charity called Project Empathy(同情)to help inspire others to meet and to create relationships with the homeless people in their neighborhoods. The organization provides a list of resources that can help homeless people with food, housing and employment.
John said that what started as a way to spend quality time with his son has turned into a passion for both of them. “Chase and I realized that the country needed an army of people to practice empathy, and that by doing something as simple as taking a homeless person to lunch, we could maybe inspire others to do the same, ”he said. “Any time you can help to give someone a voice, it’s empowering.
21．Which of the following can best describe Chase Hansen?
A．Curious and caring. B．Knowledgeable and kind.
C．Successful and talented. D．Generous and ambitious.
22．Why did John and his son take some homeless people out to lunch initially?
A．To help them to find the suitable shelter.
B．To make friends with the homeless people.
C．To do some research and prepare for a project.
D．To have a better understanding of the homeless people.
23．What’s the father and son super team’s goal?
A．To offer jobs to the homeless. B．To change the social-economic conditions.
C．To donate more smoothies to the homeless. D．To inspire more people to help the homeless.
24．What’s the best title of the text?
A．The Terrible Situation of Homeless People
B．The Relationship Between Father and Son
C．Father and Son Help Homeless People One Meal at a Time
D．Project Empathy Encourages People to Practice Empathy
【参考答案】
21．A    22．D    23．D    24．C
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了父亲和儿子通过请那些无家可归的人吃一顿饭的方式来帮助无家可归的人。

【详情解析】
21．【A】推理判断题。根据第一段中“It’s no wonder that he had a lot of questions.”（难怪他有那么多问题。）以及第二段中“My son wanted to help them.”（我儿子想帮助他们。）可推知，蔡斯·汉森是充满好奇心和爱心的。故选A项。
22．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段“After that, they came up with an even better idea. “I wanted a way to get to know people better, “Chase said. ” So, my dad and I decided to start taking some of the homeless people we’d met out to lunch.”（在那之后，他们想出了一个更好的主意。“我想要一种更好地了解别人的方式，”蔡斯说。所以，我爸爸和我决定开始带一些我们认识的无家可归的人出去吃午饭。）可知，约翰和他的儿子最初带一些无家可归的人出去吃午饭是为了更好地了解无家可归的人。故选D项。
23．【D】细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Chase and I realized that the country needed an army of people to practice empathy, and that by doing something as simple as taking a homeless person to lunch, we could maybe inspire others to do the same, ”he said.”（“蔡斯和我意识到，这个国家需要一大批人来实践同理心，通过做一些简单的事情，比如带一个无家可归的人去吃午餐，我们也许可以激励其他人也这么做，”他说。）可知，父子超级组合的目标是激励更多的人去帮助无家可归的人。故选D项。
24．【C】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中““Chase and I realized that the country needed an army of people to practice empathy, and that by doing something as simple as taking a homeless person to lunch, we could maybe inspire others to do the same, ”he said.”（“蔡斯和我意识到，这个国家需要一大批人来实践同理心，通过做一些简单的事情，比如带一个无家可归的人去吃午餐，我们也许可以激励其他人也这么做，”他说。）可知，文章主要讲述了父亲和儿子通过请那些无家可归的人吃一顿饭的方式来帮助无家可归的人。故可推知文章最好的标题是“父亲和儿子为无家可归的人提供一顿饭”。故选C项。
（七）
（2023届渝琼辽（新高考II卷）高三下学期名校仿真模拟联考英语试题）Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science. It is likely to become an exercise in applying stereotypes; not every youngster is drinking kombucha in a Brooklyn storehouse. Luckily you have me, and I’m here to tell you that much of what is written about marketing to today’s most prized consumers is a myth.
Start with the idea that, glued to smartphones, youngsters barely notice the physical world and passively follow the latest hit from Instagram or TikTok. It’s true that the days of marketing chiefly through television, newspapers and magazines are long gone. However, social media has not just changed the ways people discover brands; it has weakened the power of marketing as a whole. Online, talk is cheap and prices are readily Googled. Digital natives, therefore, can easily fact-check our suspicious marketing claims and ads. Surveys suggest that young Americans are among the most price-sensitive food shoppers, even though they have accumulated less wealth than earlier generations had by the same age.
There is a similar urge to think that physical shops no longer matter. Young consumers love their Amazon deliveries. It makes sense for our company to make sales via social media and ship directly to customers’ homes. But what works best is the close integration of the digital and physical worlds. Remember those online-only beauty brands like Glossier, which took the world by storm during the pandemic. It turns out that they struggle to get repeat business and have had to pair up with physical shops. What really matters is avoiding insincerity. Dishonesty is easily exposed online, where everyone loves a takedown. Remember the strong resistance to Boohoo, a fast-fashion firm, when it appointed Kourtney Kardashian, a celebrity leading a luxurious life, as a “sustainability ambassador”? And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013.
25．Why is there trouble with finding rules to define a group of people?
A．Because fixed ideas may be inappropriately employed.
B．Because not everybody is into drinking tea at a storehouse.
C．Because art is more challenging to learn than science.
D．Because the consultants are not as expert as the author.
26．What is the purpose of mentioning the surveys about young Americans in Paragraph 2?
A．To reveal their incompetence in saving money.
B．To illustrate they are sensitive to the prices of food online.
C．To demonstrate marketing has a great impact on their spending habits.
D．To prove they are not passive receivers of online marketing tricks.
27．Which of the following statements may the author agree with?
A．Celebrities work as reliable ambassadors. B．Young customers don’t visit physical shops.
C．Dishonesty in marketing was not rare in 2013. D．Traditional media still play a major role in marketing.
28．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．How to Expand Youth Market: From Ideas to Practice
B．How to Sell to the Young: From Myth to Truth
C．How to Attract Young Customers: Honesty and Profits
D．How to Increase Sales Online: Labeling and Marketing
【参考答案】
25．A    26．D    27．C    28．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇应用文。文章是一封写给老板的一份打破常规的备忘录——想打开年轻人的市场，就要对消费者坦诚相待。
【详情解析】
25．【A】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science. It is likely to become an exercise in applying stereotypes; not every youngster is drinking kombucha in a Brooklyn storehouse.(问题在于，制定规则来定义一部分人与其说是科学，不如说是艺术。这很容易成为应用定型观念的一种练习；不是每个年轻人都在布鲁克林的仓库里喝着康普茶)”可推知，很难找到定义一群人的规则，因为固定的想法可能会被不恰当地使用。故选A。
26．【D】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Online, talk is cheap and prices are readily Googled. Digital natives, therefore, can easily fact-check our suspicious marketing claims and ads. Surveys suggest that young Americans are among the most price-sensitive food shoppers, even though they have accumulated less wealth than earlier generations had by the same age.(在网上，聊天很便宜，价格也很容易在谷歌上搜索到。因此，数字原生代可以很容易地核实我们可疑的营销宣传和广告事实。调查显示，美国年轻人是对价格最敏感的食品消费者之一，尽管他们在同一年龄时积累的财富少于前几代人)”可推知，第二段中提到关于美国年轻人的调查的目的是为了证明他们不是网络营销伎俩的被动接受者。故选D。
27．【C】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013.(只致力于你能切实支持的事业，当你把利益放在第一位时，要坦率。无论如何，人无完人。假装不完美，那是2013年的事了)”可推知，也许作者认为在2013年不诚实的营销并不罕见。故选C。
28．【B】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Dear boss — You have always tried to attract young consumers, and our consultants have always come up with new ways to label them. The trouble is that coming up with rules to define a group of humanity is more art than science.(亲爱的老板——您一直试图吸引年轻消费者，而我们的顾问也总是想出新的方法来给他们贴上标签。问题在于，制定规则来定义一群人，与其说是科学，不如说是艺术)”及最后一段中的“And commit only to causes you can tangibly support and be frank when you are putting profits first. Anyway, nobody is perfect. To pretend otherwise is so 2013.(只致力于你能切实支持的事业，当你把利益放在第一位时，要坦率。无论如何，人无完人。假装不完美，那是2013年的事了)”可知，文章是一封写给老板的一份打破常规的备忘录——想打开年轻人的市场，要对消费者坦诚相待。由此可知，How to Sell to the Young: From Myth to Truth(如何向年轻人推销：从神话到事实)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
（八）
（2023届云南省昆明市三诊一模高三复习教学质量检测英语试题）An Arizona aquarium is celebrating the hatching of three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additions are genetically (从基因方面) valuable as zoos and aquariums around the world work to ensure the species’ survival through breeding (培育) programs and conservation efforts.
Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement Friday, posting video of the cute birds on social media. They hatched a few weeks ago and will remain behind the scenes with their parents until they’re ready for a public appearance.
African penguins have suffered a massive population decline over the decades and are listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. So any successful hatching is cause for celebration, said Jess Peranteau, director of animal care and education at the aquarium.
“As the population of the African penguin continues to rapidly decline - down 23% in the past two years alone -OdySea Aquarium remains committed to the survival of the species in partnership with other Association of Zoos and Aquariums,” Peranteau said in a statement. The breeding program established by the association aims to build up a gene bank for the species.
Officials say two of the three new chicks in Scottsdale were born to parents Mojo and Lemieux-a power couple of sorts that was selected for pairing as part of the breeding program. The third chick was born to first-time parents Bubbles and Weasley.
Aquarium workers will regularly conduct “chick checks”, brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones. The three chicks have yet to be named, and their sex hasn’t yet been determined. For now they’re known by their numbers, 42, 43 and 44. In all, OdySea Aquarium now has 40 African penguins and has recorded 13 successful hatchings.
29．How did OdySea Aquarium celebrate the birth of the chicks?
A．By advertising its breeding program. B．By uploading a video of them online.
C．By holding a contest to name them. D．By offering a free visit to the zoo.
30．What is special about OdySea Aquarium?
A．It works on its own to protect penguins. B．It aims to create new habitats for penguins.
C．It has hatched 40 African penguins so far. D．It focuses on the survival of the penguins.
31．What can we learn about the three penguin chicks?
A．They were born to the same parents. B．They were raised by a power couple.
C．Their gender has been identified. D．Their growth is monitored closely.
32．Which is the text mainly about?
A．Endangered penguin chicks hatch at OdySea Aquarium.
B．Penguin chicks make their first appearance in public.
C．African penguins suffer a sharp decline in populations.
D．Newly-born penguins are taken good care of in zoos.
【参考答案】
29．B    30．D    31．D    32．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道。本文通过奥德赛水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕奥德赛水族馆与其它动物园与水族馆致力于该物种生存所做出的一系列努力以及所取得的成绩展开讲述。
【详情解析】
29．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the announcement Friday, posting video of the cute birds on social media.(OdySea水族馆的官员周五宣布了这一消息，并在社交媒体上发布了可爱的企鹅幼崽的视频)”可知，OdySea水族馆的官员将这些孵化的可爱的企鹅幼崽的视频发布在网上，宣布三只企鹅幼崽的诞生。故选B项。
30．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段中的““As the population of the African penguin continues to rapidly decline - down 23% in the past two years alone -OdySea Aquarium remains committed to the survival of the species in partnership with other Association of Zoos and Aquariums,” Peranteau said in a statement.(“随着非洲企鹅的数量继续迅速下降 - 仅在过去两年中就下降了23% - OdySea水族馆仍然与其他动物园和水族馆协会合作致力于该物种的生存 ，”Peranteau在一份声明中说)”可知，奥德赛水族馆与其他动物园和水族馆的合作者仍然致力于企鹅的生存问题，所以该水族馆关注企鹅的生存。故选D项。
31．【D】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Aquarium workers will regularly conduct “chick checks”, brief exams to monitor their growth and development and ensure they are hitting all necessary milestones.(水族馆工作人员将定期进行“幼崽检查”，进行简短的检查，以监测它们的生长和发育，并确保它们达到所有必要的里程碑)”可知，水族馆工人定期对这三只企鹅幼崽进行检查，通过简短检查来监测它们的成长发展，由此可推断，这三只幼崽在密切监测下成长。故选D项。
32．【A】主旨大意题。根据首段“An Arizona aquarium is celebrating the hatching of three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additions are genetically(从基因方面) valuable as zoos and aquariums around the world work to ensure the species’ survival through breeding(培育)programs and conservation efforts.(亚利桑那州的一家水族馆正在庆祝三只濒临灭绝的非洲企鹅幼崽的孵化，并表示这一微小的增加在基因方面很有价值，因为世界各地的动物园和水族馆都在努力通过繁殖计划和保护工作来确保该物种的生存)”可知，本文通过奥德赛水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕奥德赛水族馆与其它动物园与水族馆致力于该物种生存所做出的一系列努力以及所取得的成绩展开讲述，由此可知，该篇文章的主题是濒危非洲企鹅在奥德赛水族馆孵化。故选A项。