高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Grammar and usage背景图ppt课件

这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Grammar and usage背景图ppt课件，共25页。PPT课件主要包含了Ⅰ重点单词，citizen，tax，mount，elevation，drama，category，found，foundation，founder等内容，欢迎下载使用。

基础落实·必备知识全过关
1. _______ n.公民；市民，居民
2. ____ n.税，税款 vt.对……征税，使纳税
3. _______ vi.逐步增加 vt.攀登，爬 n.山
4. _________ n.提高；提升；海拔
5. _______ n.戏剧；戏剧性事件
6. ___________ n.奖学金；学术
7. _________ n.类别，种类
8. ____________ adv.尽管如此
nevertheless
9. ______ vt.创建，创办；建立，兴建→__________ n. 创建；基础；地基→________ n. 创办者；发起人
10. ________ n.政治，政治事务；（个人的）政治观点，政见→________ adj.政治的，政府的
11. _______ vt.谴责，控诉→________ adj.被控告的→_________ adj.指责的→__________n.责备
12. __________ n.行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明→___________ adj.专业的；职业的 n.专业人员；职业运动员
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】名词转化成形容词的后缀有:（1）-al表示“属于……的，具有……特性的”,如:physical身体的；natinal国家的；plitical政治的；prfessinal 专业的，职业的；interactinal相互作用的（2）-ive表示“具有……性质的”,如:active积极的；creative创造性的；expensive昂贵的；interactive交互式的
1. ________________ 指控某人某事
accuse sb f sth
2. _________ 迅速成长；暴涨
3. __________ （尺寸和数量上）增加；上升
4. _______ 由于
5. ___________ 由……造成
1. 状语从句中的省略___________________________ （一天，在图书馆里）, he began chatting t tw editrs f a German-language newspaper.
While in the library ne day
2. It is/was the first/secnd time （that）... 这是第一/二次……When O'Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, _____________________（这是第四次） he had wn it.
it was the furth time
重难探究·能力素养全提升
accuse vt.谴责，控诉
①Parents are ften accused f arranging everything fr their children and sparing n effrt t pave the way fr their success. 父母常被指责为孩子安排好一切，并不遗余力地为孩子的成功铺好道路。②He denied the accusatin that he had ignred the prblems. 他否认别人对他忽视这些问题的指控。
【即学即练】 单句语法填空/句式升级
①I brught him here, and nw my friends accuse him ___ murder!
②Humans ften accuse nature ____ their wn misfrtune.
③The ________ （accuse） was fund inncent.
④The yung man was charged with stealing pssessins f his factry and put int prisn.→The yung man was ___________ stealing pssessins f his factry and put int prisn.
1. 状语从句中的省略【教材原句】While in the library ne day, he began chatting t tw editrs f a German-language newspaper. 一天，在图书馆里，他开始和一家德语报纸的两位编辑聊天。
①While waiting at the bus stp, I witnessed the car crash. 我在公共汽车站等车时，目击了这次撞车。
②If （yu are） accepted fr the jb, yu'll be infrmed sn. 如果你被录取做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。
③Unless （it is） necessary, yu'd better nt refer t the dictinary. 如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
【即学即练】 完成句子
①吃饭时，一些学生表演了精彩的舞蹈，这使老人非常高兴。_______________________, sme students gave a wnderful dance perfrmance, making the elderly very happy.
While enjying the meal
②如果必要，你应该向你的父母求助。____________, yu shuld turn t yur parents fr help.
If necessary
③他到处看，似乎在找什么东西。He lked everywhere as if _____________________.
in search f smething
2. It is/was the first/secnd time （that）... 这是第一/二次……【教材原句】When O'Neill received the Pulitzer Prize in Drama in 1957, it was the furth time he had wn it. 1957年，奥尼尔获得普利策戏剧奖，这是他第四次获得此奖。
①It's nt the first time that yu've fund yurself in this situatin. 这已经不是你第一次意识到自己处于这种情形了。②This was the secnd time in three weeks that he had missed the invitatin. 三个星期以来，他已有两次错过了邀请。
【即学即练】 单句语法填空
①T tell the truth，it is the first time that I _____________（enjy） myself s much.
have enjyed
②That was the third time that the by __________（ask） his teacher the same questin.
语法冲关·语言规则全理清
In 1922,Hward Carter made his mst amazing discvery f all,in the Valley f the Kings,in Egypt. He had received mney frm Lrd Carnarvn,a British man wh was very interested in Egypt. Carter's team was wrking at a place near the city f Luxr. There,they came acrss the tmb f King Tutankhamun. It was the mst imprtant tmb that had ever been fund.“The tmb cntained mre treasure than any f us had ever seen befre,as well as the mummy f the king,” said Carter.“After we had lked int the tmb,we clsed it and hid its entrance. We wanted t study the tmb later when we had mre time. Afterwards,all f its cntents wuld g int a museum.”
【语法感悟】 观察以上短文可知，过去完成时由“____________________”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”；也可表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去的另一时间。这个过去的时刻常用befre,by,until,when等引出的时间状语来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
助动词had+过去分词
一、过去完成时的基本结构
肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.否定句:主语+had+nt+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）？
1. 用来描述过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态；表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态，一直延续到过去的另一时间。He had wrked alngside Frank and Mark and they had becme friends. 他曾与弗兰克和马克并肩工作过，他们已经成为朋友了。By the end f last year he had run ut f all the mney inherited frm his father. 到去年年底，他已花光了从他父亲那里继承的所有钱。
2. 动词think, want, hpe, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算或意图等。I had meant t take a gd hliday this year, but I was nt able t leave. 我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脱不开身。
3. 常用在tld, said, knew, heard, thught等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。Helen said that she had mved t anther flat. 海伦说她已搬到另一套公寓去了。
【温馨提示】叙述历史事实或有具体的过去时间，不用过去完成时，而用一般过去时。Our teacher tld us that Clumbus discvered America in 1492.老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲大陆。
4. 在状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。常由when, befre, after, until等引导。He had just finished sweeping the classrm when the teacher returned frm the ffice. 老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
【温馨提示】befre和after引导的时间状语从句中，若主、从句表示的两个动作紧密相连，则主、从句多用一般过去时。After he arrived in England, Marx wrked hard t imprve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。Just befre I left Wenzhu, I gave my parents a phne call. 在离开温州前，我给我的父母打了一个电话。
三、过去完成时在固定句式中的运用
1. 表示“一……就”的几个句型：scarcely... when，与n 句式中，scarcely, hardly, n sner所处句子中的谓语应用过去完成时，而when, than引导的从句应用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, n sner表示否定意义的词置于句首时，句子要用倒装。The game had hardly/scarcely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。N sner had he shut his eyes than he gt a hard push. 他刚闭上眼，就被人狠狠地推了一下。
2. 在“It/This/That was+the+序数词+time+that...”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时，表示“某人第几次做某事”。It was the secnd time that he had travelled alng the ancient Silk Rad. 这是他第二次沿着古丝绸之路旅行。
3. 在“It was+一段时间+since...”句式中，从句用过去完成时。It was almst ten years since he had made a dcumentary t retell the histry f the Frbidden City in detail. 自从他制作一部纪录片来详细介绍紫禁城的历史以来，已经快十年了。
四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常与具体的过去时间状语连用（如ag, yesterday, last week, in 1989, when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句等）。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它表示的是“过去的过去”，但也可以表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。Sme students didn't jin in the activity befre. 有些学生以前没有参加过这项活动。Thugh sme students hadn't jined in the activity befre, they tried their best.虽然一些学生以前没参加过这项活动，但他们都尽力了。