初中英语2024届中考复习高频考点及易错点整理（共八方面）

中考英语高频考点及易错点一、名词的单复数1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books,2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, fox-foxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf-leaves5.以o结尾有生命的＋es，无生命的＋s，元音oo结尾＋s，如: photo- photos, potato-potatoes, kangaroo-kangaroos6.单复数形式相同的有：Chinese, Japanese, fish, deer, sheep7.不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, people （人们）注意：当people表示民族，复数+s。如：There are 56 peoples in China.中国有56个民族。8.表示某国人的单词变复数时，中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。Englishman - Englishmen，Frenchman - Frenchmen，German - Germans9.不规则变化mouse-mice，foot-feet, child- children,  tooth - teeth, man - men, woman - women，ox-oxen，grown-up-grown-ups，passer by-passers by，brother in law-brothers in law，注意：当man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。10.特殊情况①只有复数，没有单数形式。如：trousers裤子，clothes衣服，shorts短裤，goods商品，glasses眼镜，people人们等。②集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰，只能在其前加the表示全体，如：the police，the English，the people，动词也用复数形式，但family，class，team，group等集合名词，若指整体，看作单数形式，若指其中的成员，则看作复数形式，动词也应该有相应变化。注意：many，few，a few，each、every，a(large/great) number of，a great/ good many等修饰可数名词。little、a little、 alarge amount of等只修饰不可数名词some，several，any，enough，most，a lot of/lots of，plenty of，a large／small quantity of等既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。③同一词在不同意义下有可能可数有可能不可数不可数名词一般只有单数形式，前面不能直接加冠词，但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名词也可转化为可数名词，如have a good time，a heavy rain，a strong wind等。不可数名词可以用much，little，a little，a great deal of，a large/small amount等来修饰，当这些做主语时，主要看量的单位形式决定其谓语动词的单复数。④复数形式的单数名词有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)。No news is good news。二、名词的所有格1.名词所有格一般都是在结尾加 ’s，如：Kate’s，但以s结尾的复数，只加 ’ ，如Teachers’ Day；of+名词用来表示无生命东西的所有关系，如：the problem of the Americans。 2.当某物为两人共有时，名词所有格为A+B’s。而当某物为各人所有时为A’s+B’s。3.双重属格则指：of属格+名词所有格／名词性物主代词，如：a cousin of my father's，a friend of mine。三、冠词冠词包括不定冠词（Indefinite Article）、定冠词（Definite Article）、否定冠词（Negative Article）、部分冠词（Partitive Article）和零冠词（Zero Article，即不用冠词）。1.不定冠词（a+辅音音素/an+元音音素）易错说明：hour, honest, honor，uniform, European等词是元音字母开头，但是第一个发音的音素是辅音，所以前面用an2.定冠词（the表特定）①表示某个或某些特定的人或物如：Tom is the moniter of our class. 汤姆是我们班的班长。（不是别的班的）②特指双方都明白的人或物如：I am cold,would you please close the door. 我很冷，请把门关了。(双方都知道是哪个门）③世界上独一无二的事物如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。④上文提到过的人或事如：He has a pen and the pen is given by his sisiter.他有一支钢笔，这支钢笔是他妹妹给的。⑤用在序数词和最高级前面：第一the first、第二the second、第三the third如：He is the tallest in our class.他是我们班最高的。   ⑥用在表示乐器的名词前如：He can play the piano/violin/guitar.他会弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他......⑦用在姓氏的复数名词前如：The Greens are watching TV.格林一家在看电视。⑧用在习惯用语中在白天in the day(在晚上at night)在早上/下午/晚上 in the morning/afternoon/ evening⑨形容词前表示一类人或物或抽象概念the poor 穷人， the rich 富人，the old 老人   3.零冠词用法：① 国名、人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary②泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词如：They are teachers.他们是教师。③抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词如：Failure is the mother of success.　失败乃成功之母。④物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词如：Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。⑤在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词如：We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。⑥在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词如：The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。⑦在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词如：have breakfast，play chess⑧当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词如：I can't write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。⑨当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词如：by bus，by train；⑩有些个体名词不用冠词。school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义如：go to hospital　去医院看病go to the hospital　去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)⑪不用冠词的序数词a.序数词前有物主代词。b.序数词作副词。如：He came first in the race.c.在固定词组中：at (the) first,first of all；from first to last四、such、so的用法1、such的用法such作限定词和all，no，any，some，other，another等词连用时，such放后面。如果such修饰单数可数名词，且与不定冠词连用时需置于其前；such前有no时不用冠词。2、so的用法在believe，think，expect，suppose等词后用so代替前文提出的观点，在肯定句中表示与上文相同的情况，如：So do I.五、固定短语1、重点介词短语except for除了in place of代替on behalf of代表but for要不是in front of在…前面2、易混淆的固定短语in all总共after all毕竟at all根本，常用在否定句中表强调above all最重要的是，尤其是agree to同意某项计划或安排agree with同意某人agree on达成协议、意见一致compare…with…把…与…相比compare…to…把…比作…Life is compared to a voyage.生命被比作一次航行。be made from something：指“用某种原料制造出来”，这种原料经过制造，已经看不出原来的模样。be made of：也表示“用某东西制造出来”，但不同的是，可以看出原料。before long不久以后long before很久以前（多用于过去完成时）die of因…而死，表示内部原因如疾病die from因…而死，表示外部原因如交通事故be famous for以…出名（某种技能、某部作品）be famous as以某种身份出名be famous to为某人所知The writer is famous to us.hear of间接的听说hear about听到…的详情hear from收到…的来信in the air在空中，悬而未决的（后者比较常用）in the open air在户外on the air在广播、正在播放keep doing sth.一直做某事，强调活动不间断的状态keep on doing sth.一直做某事，强调客服困难持续坚持only if只有…才…if only要是…就好了，接虚拟语气used to do过去常常做某事get/become/beused to doing sth.习惯于be used to do被用来做某事become指身份和职位的变化get+形容词表变得，多用于口语grow表逐渐变成某种状态turn+表颜色和天气的形容词，变得和以前完全不同go+adj.从好的状态变成坏的状态in future距现在距离较近的将来Don’t do that in future.in the future距现在距离较远的将来Who knows what will happen in the future?no more than仅仅，只不过not more than至多，不超过sometime在过去或未来的某个时候sometimes有时some time一段时间some times几倍、几次介词across, over, through, past四个常考介词的区别across 横穿穿越，发生在物体表面over 跨过越过，发生在物体上方through 穿过，发生在某物空间内past 从旁经过v.+to do / v+doingforget to do忘记做某事；orget doing忘记已做过某事regret to do遗憾要做某事；regret doing后悔做过某事mean to do 打算企图做某事；mean doing意味着做某事try to do 努力做某事；try doing试图做某事need to do需要做某事；need doing需要被…by的用法在…旁边=beside靠、通过某种手段、交通工具按照   It is 8 by my watch.在…之前、不迟于   Can you return the book by Monday?被、由用于被动语态   written by Jk.for的用法为了、给（表示目的）历经（时间、距离）  for a month以…代价/价钱交换支持赞成，反义词against就…而言   too much for meof的用法所属关系   a friend of mine同位关系   the city of BJ关于，表示动作的对象（常与hear,think,talk连用） hear of sb.六、虚拟语气1.与现在事实相反的虚拟If + did / were + ..., ...would/ should/ could/ might + do （动词原形）如：If I were you, I would go abroad at once.(I am not you.)If he knew it now, he could help me.(He doesn't know it now.)2.与过去事实相反的虚拟If + had done + ..., ...would (might) have done ...如：If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.(I didn't know your telephone number.)If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her.(You didn't come here earlier.)3.与将来事实相反的虚拟(1) If + should + v., ...would + v.（可能性很小）（译作“万一”）如：If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.If I should fail, what should Ido?(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.（完全不可能）如：If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.4.特殊①动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should + 动词原形。此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest（建议）, insist（坚决要求）, advise, etc.如：He suggested that we should help them with English.The teacher ordered that the homework should be finished within half an hour.②名词后的同位语从句中要用“should + 动词原形”（should可省去）的虚拟。此类常见的名词有：suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.如：He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.③ It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect.+ that +主语+ should + v.如：It is strange that you should say such a thing.It was important that you should tell me all the information.④ wish后的宾语从句中，as if 后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were（指现在）had done（指过去）would+ v.（指将来）如：I wish that I met my uncle now.I wish I had met my uncle yesterday.I wish I could meet my uncle tomorrow.⑤It is (high) time that ...+ did / were ...如：It is time that you went to bed.⑥ would rather that ...+ did / were ...如：I would rather that you were not here now.⑦would sooner that ...+ did / were ...如：I would sooner that you got up earlier.I would sooner that you were not my brother.七、时态1、一般现在时表将来的2种情况：①拟定或安排好的事情、一定要发生的动作如：The train arrives at 10.②在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中一般现在时表将来2、过去即将要发生的动作was/were about to do sth.3、句子中出现过去时，才会使用过去；完成时表过去的过去：一直延续到过去的动作如：I was tired.I had been working sincedawn.八、句型1、句型It is adj.for sb.to do sth./It is adj.of sb.to do sth.It is adj.for sb.to do sth.（普通的形容词，如hard，impossible，important。）如：It is beneficial for you to do sports.运动对你有益。It is adj.of sb.to do sth.（形容人的性格特征：如nice，kind，clever，foolish，smart。）如：It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了。2、经常接疑问词+不定式的动词：learn, ask, discuss, explain, know, remember, forget, understand, think, consider, decide.如：I have to learn how to study English.3、主谓一致the number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数a number of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数someplentyofa lot of，谓语动词根据所修饰的词而定a quantity of谓语动词用单数；large quantities of谓语动词用复数4、谓语动词就近一致either…or…/neither…nor…/not only…but also…谓语动词和靠近的主语一致5、同位语从句常跟同位语从句的名词或短语：belief /doubt /hope /report /word /opinion /idea…如：We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.6、直接引语和间接引语变间接引语要向前推一个时态！如：He said, ”I am sorry.”He said that he was sorry.7、定语从句who/whom的用法（介词+whom）例：He is the man who lives next door.I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.8、定语从句that/which的用法通常可以互换，但下列情况必须用that（改错常考）：先行词是all，much，few，little，something等不定代词时；先行词有the only，the same，the very修饰时；主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时；先行词既有物又有人时；先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时9、as和which用法辨析引导非限定性定语从句：as的先行词只能是句子，which的先行词可以是词。10、表示一…就的引导词as soon as/immediately/instantly/the moment/no sooner than/hardly注意：no sooner与hardly在句首时，要求句子倒装。11、so that 连用引导目的/结果状语从句so adj./adv./many/few+that：There is so little time that…such adj.+名词+that：Kathy is such a lovely girl that…12、强调句型It is/was 被强调的部分 that/who 句子剩余部分和定语从句的区别：It was 8 when I left home.（定语从句）13、"wish +宾语从句"，表示不大可能实现的愿望表示现在的不能实现的愿望：主语+过去时;表示过去的不能实现的愿望：主语+had done;表示将来的不能实现的愿望：主语+would/could do14、It was + 时间段+before…."过了多久才……"It was not long before…."不久，就……"It will (not) be +时间段+before…."要过多久(不久)……才……"(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)15、as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)例：Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.16、as, though, although引导的让步状语从句注意：although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。17、in case of…(+n.) "以防；万一"；in case that…"以防，万一……"(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)18.will和would的用法will常与第二人称you连用，表示征求对方意见，will you/won’t you?would更委婉客气一些，常用短语：would like to dowould rather宁愿19.also用于肯定句，放在系动词、助动词、情态动词后；too&as well用于肯定句，放在句末（too用逗号隔开）；either用于否定句，放在句末如：John also plays piano./He speaks French, and English as well./I want to eat an apple, too./Idon’t watch TV, either.20.but表转折语气最强烈while强调前后者对比Tom is reading while Jim is playing football.however表示转折常用于插入语，需要和句子用逗号隔开though引导让步状语从句21.全部倒装句的常见结构here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。如：There goes the bell.表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.22、部分倒装句的结构和用法把“so ...that ...”句型中的“so + 形容词 / 副词”部分放在句首时，be动词或助动词放在主语前面。如：So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.用so，neither或nor构成的特殊句型，表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同样情况时，出现部分倒装。如：Jim asked the question.So did Lily.把具有“否定”意义的词语放在句首时，出现部分倒装。如：Never shall I forget your advice.23、特殊情形倒装“only + 状语从句”和“not until + 从句”位于句首时，在主句中进行倒装。如：Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.“not only...but also...”连接两个分句，not only位于句首时，倒装在not only所在分句进行。如：Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.24.“no sooner...than...”句型中的nosooner位于句首时，倒装在no sooner 主句中进行；“hardly / scarcely...when...”句型中的hardly位于句首时，倒装在hardly / scarcely主句中进行。