2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第三册Unit3DiverseCultures教师用书

UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES

一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．ethnic festivals　　　　　　 民族节日
2．a mercy mission 慈善任务
3．a comic play 一部滑稽的戏剧
4．immigrant communities 移民社区
5．a poetry reading 诗歌朗诵会
6．a souvenir shop 纪念品商店
7．a mild winter 温和的冬天
8．a neat suit 整洁的西装
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．When exactly did the incident occur？(vi.发生)
2．Afterwards she was sorry for what she'd said.(adv.后来)
3．You must place these events in their historical context.(adj.历史的)
4．She managed to seek help from a neighbour.(vt.寻求)
5．His honesty earned the admiration of his friends.(vt.赢得)
6．He began to keep a journal last year.(n.日记)
7．The plane crash claimed many lives.(vt.夺取)
8．The bird has escaped from the cage.(vi.逃走)
9．Father folded the map, putting it in the box.(vt.折叠)
10．The painting comes from his private collection.(n.收藏品)
11．These flowers will not grow in cold climates.(n.气候)
12．He settled down in a town.(vi.定居)
13．The museum contains a number of original artworks.(vt.含有)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．San Francisco is a city that has diverse cultures.(adj.多种多样的)
拓展： diversity n．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性
2．Fortune smiled on him.(n.机会)
拓展：fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
3．He was admitted into a top university.(vt.准许进入)
拓展：admission n．允许进入；入场费；承认
4．Mother took a long time in selecting a hat for Mary.(vt.挑选)
拓展：selection n．选择
5．Some food contains a deadly poison.(n.毒素)
拓展：poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
6．The library is under construction.(n.建造)
拓展：construct vt.建设；修建
7．This pair of glasses suits you.(vt.适合)
拓展：suitable adj.合适的
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
(写出加黑部分在语境中的汉语意思)
1．With these words, she headed to the kitchen and brought my favourite.(向……)去
2．The kids asked the teacher a series of questions.一连串
3．Apart from France, they visited Britain and Finland.除了……外
4．Carelessness will bring about accidents.导致
5．Activities available include archery and swimming, to name but a few.仅举几例
6．The President visited the area to see the damage at first hand.亲自
7．He had known, when he came to London, that he would have to work hard to earn a living, and he was successful.谋生
8．At the age of twenty-one, he set off to seek his fortune in the great city of London.寻找成功致富之路
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state of America.(There be sb./sth.doing sth.)
然而，有些人挺过了这段可怕的时期，如今居住在加州的印第安人比美国其他任何一个州都多。
写作亮句
(2021年8省联考卷写作)There are some kind-hearted persons going out of their way to lend a hand.
有些好心人特意伸出援手。

2.
教材原句
What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.(what引导名词性从句)
这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成一个中国文化中心。
写作亮句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)What attracts me is its inspiring stories.
吸引我的是它鼓舞人心的故事。

五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
心理或动作描写之“绝望与紧张”
The elderly couple walked towards him and told him not to cry.“She would be saddened by your tears if she were here.” They said.Words knotting in his throat, he couldn't utter a syllable but wept as the figures of the couple gradually faded.Umbrella slipped out of his hands, rain wet his clothes and he was heartbroken.Those sweet and bitter memories flashed across, and then he grabbed one paper crane with trembling hands.Eyes lingering on the same smile he used to obsess with, he shuffled toward his car like a drunken man.
这对老夫妇向他走来，告诉他不要哭。“如果她在这里，你的眼泪会让她伤心的。”他们说。他嗓子里哽咽着，说不出一个音节，但随着这对夫妇的身影逐渐消失，他哭了起来。伞从他手中滑落，雨水打湿了他的衣服，他心碎了。那些甜蜜和痛苦的回忆从脑海中闪过，然后他用颤抖的手抓住一只纸鹤。眼睛停留在他曾经迷恋的微笑上，他像醉汉一样拖着脚步走向他的汽车。
[点评]　本段使用了knot, utter, weep, slip, wet, flash, grab, tremble, linger, shuffle 等动词，形象到位地渲染出了一个悲苦绝望的画面。







1．fortune n．机会；运气；命运；大笔的钱
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Many immigrants headed to California to seek their (they) fortune but ended up doing diverse odd jobs to earn a living.
②Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune, Mike left home without saying a word.
③I hope you_are_fortunate_enough_to_be_admitted_to an ideal university.
我希望你能足够幸运被理想的大学录取。
[系统归纳]
(1)make a/one's fortune　　　　 发财
try/seek one's fortune 碰运气
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)fortune意为“机会；运气”时，是不可数名词；意为“大笔的钱”时，是可数名词。

2．seek vt.& vi.寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Many people in their lifetime do not even seek to_find (find) the answer to that question.
②Half an hour later, he sought out his friend in the crowd.
③He is going to Shanghai to_seek_his_fortune.
他要到上海去闯世界。
[系统归纳]
(1)seek to do sth.　　　　 试图做某事
seek out 挑选/找出
seek one's fortune 寻找成功致富之路；碰运气；闯世界
(2)seek的过去式和过去分词为：sought, sought

3．settle vt.& vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①At last, he settled down in a district where there were diverse ethnic groups.
②Having settled in a beautiful village，he settles down to his writing.
[系统归纳]
settle down　　　　　　 定居；平静下来；专心于
settle in/into sth. 适应(新家、工作、环境等)
settle in 在……居住
settle down to (doing) sth. 　　 着手认真做某事

4．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself (he)．
②The newly-built stadium is big enough to_contain (contain) twenty thousand students and teachers.
③The container contains (contain) many kinds of fruits, including(include) a pineapple/a pineapple included (include)．
[系统归纳]
(1)contain oneself　　　　　 克制自己；自制
(2)contain意为“包括”，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内有某物，不用于进行时。include“包括”，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或including sth.。

5．bring about导致；引起；带来
[题点全练]
用bring短语的适当形式填空
①I don't clearly remember who brought_up the question but clearly remember it brought_about a heated discussion.
②The reason why the goods are sold at such a low price is that the manufacturers are willing to bring_down the price in return for big volume purchases.
③The picture often brings_back to me many happy memories of my high school days.
④How much does she bring_in now?
[系统归纳]
bring up　　　 抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐
bring in 引进；获利；赚钱
bring out 出版；使显现
bring down 使倒下；减少；降低
bring back 把……带回来；使回忆起；使恢复



1．admit vi.& vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)；接纳；容纳
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Afterwards，he had to admit putting (put) some poisonous mushrooms in the soup.
②Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting (admit) that though she liked it，she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant.
③To his pleasant surprise，his son has been admitted into/to a key university.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
admit doing/having done sth.承认做/做过某事
admit sb./sth.to be ... 承认某人/某物是……
be admitted to/into 被接收(入学/入院等)
admit that ... 承认……
难点解释
(1)admit的过去式、过去分词和现在分词分别为：admitted; admitted; admitting
(2)admit的一词多义是难点和高考的重点。

[练重难点]
写出下列各句中admit的含义
④I don't really like the author, although I have to admit his books are very exciting.承认
⑤Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium admits visitors from 9：30 am to 6：00 pm.接纳
⑥The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.容纳
2．occur vi.发生；出现
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①A good idea occurred to me while I was making fortune cookies.
②It occurred to me to_go (go) downtown to buy some souvenirs after the mission.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
sth.occurs to sb.　　　某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
难点释解
(1)occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。
(2) occur的过去时、过去分词和现在分词分别为：occurred; occurred; occurring
(3)“某人突然想到(起)……”可以表达为：
It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...
It hits/hit sb.that ...
It strikes/struck sb.that ...
　　　　　　
[练重难点](一句多译)
她突然想起她把钥匙落在办公室里了。
③It_occurred_to_her_that she had left her key in the office.(occur)
④It_hit_her_that she had left her key in the office.(hit)
⑤It_struck_her_that she had left her key in the office.(strike)
3．escape vi.& vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱
[题点全练](单句语法填空/翻译句子)
①He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.
②To their relief，their students narrowly escaped from the shaking building.
③(2020·浙江高考写作)最后，我们死里逃生，幸运地逃过了被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害。
At_last，we_had_a_narrow_escape，fortunately_escaping_being_hurt_by_the_hungry_polar_bear.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)escape (doing) sth.　　逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
(2)have a narrow escape 死里逃生
难点解释
(1)escape本身含“离开”的意思，后面不需加away或off等。
(2)escape意为“被遗忘；被忽视”时，用sth.escape sb.结构表示。

[练重难点](写出加黑词的含义)
④Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘
4．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套装
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②We should find something more suitable to_play (play) with.
③Besides, it's_suitable_for_you_to_bring_some_little_gifts,_such as a special food or drink from your country.
另外，对于你来说，带一些小礼物，比如你们国家的特殊食品或饮料是合适的。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)suit ...to ...　　　　使……适合……
(2)suitable adj. 合适的
be suitable for sb. (某物)适合某人
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
辨析比较
suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等； fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。

[练重难点](选词填空：suit/match/fit)
④The hat doesn't suit her.For one thing it doesn't fit because of its size; for another its colour doesn't match her charming face.




1．There be sb./sth. doing sth.
[用法规则]
(1)There be＋名词/代词＋现在分词短语(表示主动)
There be＋名词/代词＋过去分词短语(表示被动)
There be＋名词/代词＋不定式短语(表示将来)
(2)其他类似有关there的句型：
There seems/appears/happens/used to be ...
There ＋动词(stand/lie/exist/remain ...)
There be no use/good/sense/point/need/doubt/possibility ...
There be no such thing/person as ...
[应用体验]
单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子
①There is much material wasted (waste)in our daily life.
②There is much work to_do (do)．So we had better hurry.
③There are many factors which account for his success.(变为简单句)
→There_are_many_factors_accounting_for_his_success.
④There_happened_to_be a lot of people by the road.They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.
路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。
⑤There_is_no_such_thing_as a free lunch in the world; you must work hard.
世上没有免费的午餐，你必须努力工作。
2．what引导名词性从句
[用法规则]
(1)意义：①……的东西或事情
②……的人或的样子　③……的数量或数目
④……的时间 ⑤……的地方
(2)功能：可用作主语、宾语或表语
(3)注意事项：①在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”；②what引导主语从句时，主句的谓语动词一般根据其成分的含义而定。

[应用体验]
完成句子
①A tall building stands on what_was_wasteland.
一座高楼矗立在荒地上。
②China is no longer what_it_used_to_be.
中国不再是过去的样子了。
③(2020·浙江高考写作)What_you_have_to_do is to have a good rest and follow the doctor's advice.
你要做的就是好好休息，听从医生的建议。
④What_they_need_are a car and some water.
他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。
句型转换(把①句改为“the＋名词＋定语从句”)
⑤A_tall_building_stands_on_the_place_which_was_wasteland.





庆祝节日，享受合家欢乐的幸福；感受节日，体验文化底蕴，领会风土人情。通过该主题的考查，有助于学生探究世界各地节日和文化，认同本民族文化，弘扬优秀传统文化，增强文化自信。这一主题也常常出现在高考命题中，如：2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写，一对双胞胎在母亲节给妈妈准备早餐。


Memories of Christmas
(节选自北师大版教材必修第一册UNIT 3)
　　I still remember the last Christmas Granny spent with us.It began in the middle of November on a cold, windy day.I remember the wind because Granny's grey hair was a mess when she arrived.(景的背后是情。寒冷多风的日子很多，记住这一天是因为记住了奶奶乱作一团的头发) That was also the day Granny moved in.Somehow, at the time, I didn't know she was sick.Maybe I was too young, maybe she hid it too well, or maybe I was just too excited that Christmas was on the way.(笔触细腻地描写了奶奶搬进来的那一天的情形)
After Granny moved in, she spent most of her time on the brown sofa by the fire.Sometimes she was quiet, but she seemed happy.(借助but道出了奶奶积极乐观的生活态度) When I wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling him about the presents I wanted, Granny made an effort to help me.Her hand was slightly shaky, but she wrote “Father Christmas, the North Pole” on the envelope.(回忆了奶奶在她的最后一个圣诞节依然尽力帮助“我”完成愿望)
On Christmas Eve, Granny took a seat by the fire as we put up the Christmas tree.I hung most of the decorations on the branches.
❶“That's the most beautiful tree I've ever seen，” Granny said.
Then she started singing, “Oh, Christmas tree, oh, Christmas tree, you fill my heart with music ...”
Before bed, Granny and I left a plate of sugar biscuits out for Father Christmas, and put a stocking at the end of my bed.❷I remember Granny sitting on my bed and singing softly until I fell asleep.
My stocking was full of small toys and sweets on Christmas morning, and there were presents under the tree.I was on my best behaviour as we opened the presents.Later, Granny called me over.
“I have something special for you，” Granny whispered.“It's for all your treasures.Merry Christmas.”
It was a music box with a ballet dancer inside.(声情并茂地叙述了与奶奶一起度过的最后一个圣诞节的经历)
A few weeks after that Christmas, Granny passed away.I think of her often though, especially at Christmas.Each year, I take out the music box she gave me.Inside I keep Granny's paper hat and the letter she helped me write that Christmas.Mum gave the letter back to me some years ago when I no longer believed in Father Christmas.❸When I think about what makes Christmas so magical, it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind.It's also my memory of Granny.Now I'm the one who makes sugar biscuits each year, and I always make one in a G-shape — G for Granny.(每逢圣诞节，都会思念奶奶)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段最后的on the way形象地写出了圣诞节的临近。第二段中的make an effort, slightly shaky则暗示了奶奶的身体情况不容乐观，同时也呈现了她在身体不适的情况下仍尽力陪伴作者的情形。后文描写奶奶在作者床头唱歌时所用的softly一词，以及送给作者礼物时的whisper一词都在无声中传达了奶奶的慈爱。
2．学高级句式
句❶中I've ever seen是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词tree。这种被最高级修饰的先行词后再跟I've ever done的句式，起到了重复强调的作用，并能给读者留下深刻的印象。
句❷中until引导时间状语从句，主句中并列连词and连接了两个非谓语动词sitting on my bed和 singing softly作宾语补足语，描述了奶奶一系列的动作。
句❸是一个主从复合句，when引导的时间状语从句中what引导名词性从句作think about的宾语。主句运用了强调句型，意在强调当“我”想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，“我”想到的不仅仅是礼物和圣诞老人，还有“我”对奶奶的回忆。
3．学行文逻辑
本文写作结构为“线形结构模式”。全文主要回忆了一个特殊的圣诞节经历。行文以时间为主线，以情感为副线，结合空间、人物、事件、情感等方面的变化将一件事情从开端、发展、高潮到结局一条线写下来。叙述了“我”与奶奶一起度过的最后一个圣诞节。文章最后用“我”每到圣诞节都会做的几件事，抒发了对奶奶无限的怀念。作者通过语言描写、环境描写、心理描写，增加了文章的生动性、表现力，很好地渲染了气氛，增加了文学意蕴。


Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．a typical Chinese custom　　　 典型的中国习俗
2．set off 出发；动身；使爆炸
3．exchange gifts 交换礼物
4．remind ...of ... 使……想起……
5．family reunion 家人团圆
6．be worth doing 值得做
7．on special occasions 在特殊场合
8．in a ...manner 以……的方式/态度
9．attend a ceremony 出席仪式
10．the opening ceremony 开幕式
11．cultural exchange 文化交流
12．cultural background 文化背景
13．cultural shock 文化冲击
14．hold a variety of activities 举行各种各样的活动
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．It is well-known to us all that our nation is made up of 56 ethnic groups, each with its unique traditional customs, costumes and cultures.
众所周知，我们国家有56个民族，每个民族都有自己独特的传统习俗、服装和文化。
2．The people there rely on farming, main crops being rice and beans.
那里的人们依靠农耕，主要农作物是稻米和大豆。
3．I'm glad that you have great passion to know about traditional Chinese festivals, especially the Dragon Boat Festival.Now, I'd like to share some details with you.
我很高兴你对中国传统节日尤其是端午节非常感兴趣。现在，我愿意和你分享一些相关细节。
4. In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有很多的选择，比如旅游、拜访亲戚或朋友。
5．Festivals make us reunite, making all in high spirits.
节日让我们团聚在一起，使大家兴高采烈。


一、作文补写表达亮
下面是李华告知外国朋友Jim在新冠肺炎疫情期间是如何庆祝春节的一封电子邮件。请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。
Dear Jim，
How is everything going? I'm writing to ❶express_my_gratitude_for_your_genuine_concern (表达我对你的真诚关心的感激之情) and inform you of ❷how_we_celebrated (我们如何庆祝；how引导宾语从句) the Spring Festival of 2021 ❸that_I_still_have_vivid_memories_of (我仍然清晰地记得；memory，定语从句)．
❹As_usual (像往常一样), we prepared many decorations and tasty food.But ❺in_order_to_reduce_the_risk (为了减少风险) of COVID-19 transmission, most people chose to spend Spring Festival in cities ❻where_they_work (他们工作的地方；where引导的地点状语从句) instead of ❼returning_to_their_hometowns (返回他们的家乡)．Of course, as you know, ❽it_was_in_most_areas_that_people_had_the_chance_to_pay_a_visit_to_the_local_tourist_attractions (在大多数地区，人们有机会去参观当地的旅游景点；强调句型)．
❾It_was_really_the_most_impressive_Spring_Festival_that_ (这真是令人印象最深的春节) I have gone through.
Yours，
Li Hua
二、续写语段思维活
根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络从语言和动作描写两个角度续写一个80词左右的结尾。
情节脉络：圣诞节要到了，Della想给丈夫Jim买一个圣诞礼物，但没有那么多钱→她偷偷卖掉自己的长发给丈夫买了一条银制表链→丈夫却卖掉了手表给她买了一把梳子……
Inside Jim's package were combs — something special to hold and decorate her long hair.　
　


　
参考范文：
Inside Jim's package were combs — something special to hold and decorate her long hair.Beautiful combs, pure tortoise shell, with jeweled rims — just the shade to wear in the beautiful vanished hair.With tears, Della hugged them to her bosom and said: “My hair grows so fast, Jim！” And then she cried, “Oh, oh! Give me your watch.You don't know what a nice gift I've got for you.” Instead of obeying, Jim smiled.“Della, let's put our Christmas presents away and keep them a while.They're too nice to use just at present.I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs.”



课时作业(一)　语篇阅读训练——保准度
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·汕头高三检测)If you stop a random person on the street in China, there's a pretty good chance that their surname would be either Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu or Chen.That's because those are the five most common surnames in China—shared by 30% of the population.And the vast majority of the population share just 100 of those surnames.In comparison, the United States reported 6.3 million surnames in its 2010 census.
There are a few reasons for this: China is less racially diverse than countries such as the US, where a wealth of minority groups increase surname diversity (多样性)．It also has to do with language; you can't just add a random stroke (音节) to a Chinese character and create a new surname.
But there's also another factor at play: technology.With China roaring into the digital age, nearly everything has moved online—from making appointments to buying train tickets.
The main problem is that not all Chinese characters have been coded into computer systems.That meant a world of trouble if you happened to have a rare character in your name.As of 2017, up to 60 million Chinese citizens faced this problem, according to Xinhua.
People with rare characters in their names, which aren't compatible(兼容的) with existing computer systems, can get left behind—pushing many to change their names for the sake of convenience, even if it means abandoning centuries of heritage and languages.
To try to address this, experts have increased the database from 32,000 characters to 70,000 characters, according to the government.They're still working to expand it to include more than 90,000 characters, said Chen Jiawei, an associate professor at Beijing Normal University.

1．What can be learned from the comparison according to Paragraph 1?
A．There are fewer common surnames in China.
B．Chinese people like sharing the same surname.
C．The United States owns the most surnames in the world.
D．6.3 million surnames in China have been shared until now.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段第二、第三句可推知，在中国普通姓氏较少。
2．Which one describes surname diversity properly?
A．New Chinese surnames are easy to create.
B．Surname diversity totally depends on technology.
C．Minority groups can increase surname diversity.
D．Surnames in computer systems are regularly changed.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，少数民族可以增加姓氏的多样性。
3．What may happen to people with rare characters in their names?
A．They will lose their heritage.
B．They have to change their names.
C．They should expand the database.
D．They may upgrade computer systems.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，名字里有罕见字符的人可能不得不改名字。
4．Why have experts increased the character database?
A．To save heritage and languages.
B．To keep Chinese traditional culture.
C．To give people more choices when naming.
D．To let us know more Chinese characters.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，此处this指的应是倒数第二段中提到的“名字里有罕见字符”。由此推知，专家增加了字符数据库是为了人们在取名的时候有更多的选择，而不至于被迫改名。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Learning the word for fish in Chinese can be a highly useful skill.Knowing how to say “fish” in Chinese is both practical and helpful in understanding cultural values.
The Chinese Character for Fish
The Chinese character for “fish”， written in the traditional form, is 魚．__5__ No matter what form it is written in, the word for fish in Chinese is pronounced like “you”．
Cultural Importance of Fish in China
The pronunciation of fish in Chinese, “yú” is a homophone(同音字) for “abundance”．__6__ As such, fish are a common symbol in Chinese art and literature, and they are very important in Chinese mythology.
__7__ The characters for this fish are 鲤鱼， pronounced “lǐ yú”．Pictures of this fish are also a common decoration for the Chinese New Year.
Fish in Chinese Mythology
One of the most interesting Chinese myths about fish is the idea that a carp that climbed the waterfall on the Yellow River (known as the Dragon Gate) changed into a dragon.__8__ In reality, each spring, carp come together in great numbers in the pool at the base of the waterfall.__9__ It has become a common saying in China that a student facing examinations is like a carp trying to jump the Dragon Gate.
A．The simplified form is 鱼．
B．But very few make the climb.
C．Surprisingly, a lot of them are not related to fish at all.
D．This addition suggests that fish is most useful to humans.
E．The dragon is another important symbol in Chinese culture.
F．For example, Asian carp (鲤鱼) are the subject of many Chinese stories.
G．This similarity has led to fish becoming a symbol of abundance in Chinese culture.

5．选A　A项与上句并列，说明了“鱼”这一汉字的不同字形。
6．选G　G项与上句存在语义上的顺承关系，同时该项中的This similarity指代上句中的“yú” is a homophone (同音字) for “abundance”。
7．选F　下句中的this fish指代F项中的Asian carp。本段以鲤鱼为例，说明了鱼在中国文化中的重要性，F项为本段的中心句。
8．选E　E项中的dragon与上句中的dragon为原词复现关系，说明了龙在中国传统文化中的重要性。
9．选B　B项与上句为转折关系，指出鲤鱼翻越瀑布的不易，为下句作了铺垫。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023·惠州模拟)One day, I stood at the roadside waiting for a bus.Everything was going as __10__ when suddenly I heard a __11__ beside me；it was a boy in __12__ clothes, with a face that seemed like it had never been washed at all.I felt so disgusted at that moment that I tried to __13__ myself away from that little boy.
The boy kept __14__ me, shouting, “Bhaiya! Bhaiya！” (Big brother! Big brother！), but I didn't answer him at all.My __15__ self was cursing the country for its poor __16__.Always begging for money — it all kept annoying me, making me feel more __17__ to answer that dirty little boy who kept calling to me.“Bhaiya! Bhaiya！” I heard him call out again.This made me very angry and I shouted at him that I had no money to give him.And the boy, without even bothering to hear my words of __18__， said to me, “Bhaiya, could you please help me __19__ the road？”
The next moment, I felt __20__.I couldn't feel my legs.The sudden feeling of __21__ had engulfed (吞没) me from within.Was this what I had become? Had prejudice engulfed me so to such a level that I decided that they begged for money and food every time somebody passed by?
I held the boy's hand __22__ and for the first time, without a feeling of disgust that he might not have __23__ for days or weeks.I helped him cross the road, and that successful act of assistance __24__ a new hope inside me.I realized that our being judgmental will surely have a very bad effect unless we overcome it.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了我在等公交车时遇到一个衣衫褴褛的孩子，并误以为他是乞丐，但最后却发现男孩只是想向我寻求帮助的故事。
10．A.normal B．imagined
C．discussed D．possible
解析：选A　根据常识可知，等公交车是日常行为。as normal表示“照常，像往常一样”。
11．A.sigh B．weep
C．voice D．scream
解析：选C　根据下文“The boy kept ________ me, shouting, ‘Bhaiya! Bhaiya! ’”可知，一个男孩在旁边叫我，因此我是听到一个声音。
12．A.small B．shabby
C．lovely D．ugly
解析：选B　根据下文“...with a face that seemed like it had never been washed at all.I felt so disgusted at that moment ...”可判断小男孩应该是衣着不整且脏兮兮的，我才会感到disgusted。
13．A.pull B．drive
C．throw D．force
解析：选A　根据上文我感到disgusted可知，我想远离他。pull away表示“离开；脱身”。
14．A.touching B．looking at
C．interrupting D．following
解析：选D　根据下文“‘Bhaiya! Bhaiya！’ I heard him call out again.”可知，尽管我想要离开，但小男孩仍然没有放弃，跟着我叫我帮忙。
15．A.curious B．better
C．noble D．inner
解析：选D　根据上文“I felt so disgusted at that moment”可知，这里应该是我暗自诅咒。
16．A.political systems B．conditions
C．regulations D．services
解析：选B　根据下文“Always begging for money — it all kept annoying me ...”可知，我对这个国家的环境条件不满。
17．A.nervous B．thirsty
C．reluctant D．frustrated
解析：选C　上文“ I felt so disgusted at that moment”和“Always begging for money — it all kept annoying me”说明我对男孩很反感，空格前的more说明我反感的情绪加剧了，更不愿意搭理他。reluctant“不情愿的”。
18．A.determination B．despair
C．embarrassment D．dishonesty
解析：选B　根据上文“This made me very angry and I shouted at him”可知，我忍无可忍，直接崩溃且失态，体现出我的无奈与绝望。
19．A.cross B．find
C．lead D．reach
解析：选A　根据下文“I helped him cross the road”可知，小男孩是想让我帮忙过马路，不是向我乞讨。
20．A.calm B．still
C．numb D．disappointed
解析：选C　根据下文“I couldn't feel my legs”可知我的腿没了知觉，麻木了。
21．A.sadness B．sympathy
C．shyness D．shame
解析：选D　根据上文可知，我误解了小男孩，所以感到羞愧。
22．A.firmly B．naturally
C．unwillingly D．hesitantly
解析：选A　根据常识可知，我带小孩过马路时紧紧地握着男孩的手。
23．A.got a penny B．had a meal
C．taken a bath D．enjoyed himself
解析：选C　根据上文“with a face that seemed like it had never been washed at all”可知，我认为小男孩很久没洗脸、洗澡了。
24．A.boosted B．expressed
C．realized D．created
解析：选D　根据上文中“successful act of assistance”一词可知，我认为帮助小男孩过马路是有意义的，结合全文可知这一事件对我产生了影响，带来了希望。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Grandparents often have interesting names.My sister­in­law was known as Mimi.Her husband goes by Peeka.Why? Their firstborn grandchild decided on those names.
My firstborn grandchild named me as well.I will never forget the day Joshua hugged me and, in front of a roomful of people, called me “Doll.My Doll Baby！” From that point on, I was known as Doll or Doll Baby.Even my sons­in­law call me Doll.Friends of my children and grandchildren call me Doll.It's a given.
For the most part, it's fine, even endearing, to hear my grandchildren call me Doll.But there was one time ...My daughter and her husband were going out of town, so the plan was for me to pick up five­year­old Spencer from kindergarten, take him to their house to wait for Joshua's school bus, and bring both boys home to spend the night with us.Spencer and I arrived long before the school bus.While we waited for Joshua, Spencer wanted to show me a new trick he learned on his skateboard.
Spencer was pretty good.He had learned how to step on the back of the skateboard so that the front tips up (一边翘起), and then put his front foot down on the board and take off.Cool!
Then it was my turn.I had played around with skateboards in my day.Of course, they weren't the high­tech kind of toys my grandchildren enjoyed.Ours were made by mounting the wheels of our old sidewalk roller skates to the bottom of a plank of wood.Still, I had this.I put my right foot on the back of the board and tipped up the front.So far, so good.I brought my left foot down with every intention of rolling forward.
Good intentions.Bad form.I fell hard on my elbow as the skateboard flew across the concrete driveway.My injury was minor, but Spencer raced into the house and got Boo­Boo Bunny from the freezer to bring me comfort.It helped my arm, but not my pride.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
When I made my way home safely with the boys, my husband blamed me.　
　
　
　
　Paragraph 2：
My husband helped Spencer practise calling 911 emergency call, pretending I hurt my head seriously.
　
　
　
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
When I made my way home safely with the boys, my husband blamed me.“Do you realize how bad that could have been？” my husband shouted.“I mean, what if you hit your head and were unconscious？” He was right.That evening, Spencer crawled up between us in our bed.Tom commended him for getting the Boo­Boo Bunny and taking care of me.“What if Doll had been badly hurt, Spencer? Do you know what to do in an emergency？” Tom asked.“Yes! Call 911！” Spencer was proud he remembered what to do.
Paragraph 2：
My husband helped Spencer practise calling 911 emergency call, pretending I hurt my head seriously.He put up his hand as if it were the phone, his thumb the earphone and his little finger the mouthpiece.“9­1­1.What's your emergency？” Spencer brought up his pretend hand phone and spoke clearly into his fingers.“Help! My Doll fell off the skateboard and hurt her head！” Tom and I smiled at each other.It was hard to keep from laughing.“Uh, Spencer，” Tom said.“There are probably times you need to call her Grandma.”