2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第一册Unit5WorkingtheLand教师用书

UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND

一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．tackle a problem　　　　　　 解决问题
2．a key characteristic 一个重要的特征
3．data output 数据输出
4．poor/fertile soil 贫瘠/肥沃的土壤
5．urban and rural environments 城乡环境
6．a railway tunnel 铁路隧道
7．below the poverty line 贫困线以下
8．receive widespread support 得到广泛支持
9．mineral water 矿泉水
10．tree roots 树根
11．boost the tourism 促进旅游业发展
12．overcome one's shyness 克服羞怯
13．attain a position 获得职位
14．leisure activities 休闲活动

二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．We estimated that it would cost about ￡5,000.(vt.估计)
2．I struggled to digest the news.(vt.领悟)
3．The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.(n.方面)
4．Each course comprises 10 to 12 informal weekly meetings.(vt.包含)
5．I have given the matter much thought, examining all the possible alternatives.(n.可供选择的事物)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.(vt.使相信)
拓展：convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；深信的
2．Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the assumption you've made.(n.假定)
拓展：assume_v．假定；假设；认为
3．He devoted his energies to the reformation of science.(vt.把……献给)
拓展：devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚
4．The oil well extended several hundreds of feet in depth.(n.深度)
拓展：deep adj.深的adv.深深地→deepen vt.加深

三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1．We should devote ourselves to the environmental protection.致力于
2．The group is comprised of 4 doctors and 6 nurses.由……组成
3．Deep down in his character, there must have been a weakness.在内心深处
4．Theories are based on practice and in turn serve practice.反过来
5．They will be concerned to do the right thing — to dress properly, for instance.比如
6．You can depend on him to make a sound choice.依靠
7．Sichuan cuisine is famous both at home and abroad.在国内外
8．While doing the business, she is having two young children to care for.照顾
9．The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the changes.适应
10．It is more important to get your concentration back and focus on the next question.集中
11．Your essay is too long — it needs cutting down a little.删减
12．It was obvious that much of what they said was far from the truth.远非
13．They make use of advertisements to make the new product known.利用
14．She gave up her job and started doing business.放弃
15．As for science, we should do our best to catch up with the world highest level.至于
16．We often turn to the Internet for information we need.求助于
17．Balanced diet and proper exercise keep you free from disease.使……免受
18．No other organization was able or willing to take on the challenging job.A
A．承担　　 B．呈现　　　C．雇用　　　D．招募
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. (It is estimated that ...据估计……)
据估算，现在中国国内消耗的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
写作亮句
It is estimated that this Chinese painting exhibition will last four days.
预计这次中国画展将持续四天。

2.
教材原句
Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. (given that ...“考虑到……”)
鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
写作亮句
Given that his family was poor, what he did deserved to be respected.
考虑到他家庭贫困，他所做的是值得尊敬的。
文化典句
Given that the students occupy different levels，the school adopts different materials.
鉴于学生水平各异，该学校采用因材施教的模式。

3.
教材原句
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.(not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”)
例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
写作亮句
Not only does it enrich my understanding of traditional art but also makes me feel proud of our great and glorious Chinese culture.
它不仅丰富了我对传统艺术的了解，而且让我为我们伟大而光荣的中国文化感到自豪。

五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
环境描写之活动场景(一)
When St John left, it was beginning to snow, and it continued snowing all night and all the next day.In the evening I sat by my fire, listening to the wind blowing outside, and had just started reading when I heard a noise.The wind, I thought, was shaking the door, but no, it was St John, who came in out of the frozen darkness, his coat covered in snow.
圣约翰离开时，天下起雪来，持续了一晚上和第二天一天。晚上，我坐在炉边，听屋外呼啸的风声。我正要开始看书，突然听到什么响动。我想是风吹动门的声音吧，但不是，是圣约翰。他从寒夜中走进来，身上披满雪花。
[点评]　本段用风雪的场景暗示St John是为重要的事情而来。






1．comprise vt.包含；包括；由……组成
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The department comprises (comprise) two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room.
②We visited the collection of the family last weekend, comprising (comprise) more than 1,000 famous old paintings.
③It is said that this medical team is_comprised_of many famous medical experts.
据说这支医疗队由很多著名的医疗专家组成。
[系统归纳]
表示“由……组成”的短语：be comprised of；be made up of; consist of; be composed of

2．alternative n．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的

[题点全练]
完成句子
①We will make_full_use_of_alternative_energy,_such as solar and wind power.
我们将充分利用可替代能源，比如太阳能和风力。
②If you don't like the school lunch, you have_the_alternative_of bringing your own.
如果你不喜欢学校的午餐，你有自己带饭的选择。
一句多译
由于家庭贫困，汤姆别无选择只得辍学。
③Tom had_no_alternative_but_to_drop out of school because of his poor family.(alternative)
④Tom had_no_choice_but_to_drop out of school because of his poor family.(choice)
[系统归纳]
have no alternative but to do＝have no choice but to do＝can do nothing but do
别无选择只能做
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
there's no alternative ... 别无选择……
3．make use of利用；使用
[题点全练]
完成句子
①Primitive men could make_use_of light from the sun to make a fire.
原始人能够利用太阳光生火。
一句多译
在日本，人们能够充分利用煤炭。
②In Japan, people can make_full_use_of_coal.
③In Japan, coal can be_made_full_use_of by people.
[系统归纳]
由“及物动词＋抽象名词＋介词”构成的短语动词，其被动形式有两种：
(1)短语后的名词作主语，转化为被动形式。
(2)短语中的抽象名词作主语，转化为被动形式。常见短语有：take notice of(注意……)；pay attention to (注意……)；take good care of (悉心照顾……)等。

4．far from远非，远不
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Far from helping (help) us keep healthy, excessive (过多的) exercise does great harm to our body.
②The information from that website is far_from_the_truth.
那家网站上的信息绝不是事实。
③The teacher left without a word, which meant that he was far_from_satisfied_with our work.
老师一句话没说就离开了，这意味着他对我们的工作远不满意。
[系统归纳]
很多短语可以通过其字面意思进行推理，基本可推出其基本意义。如：nowhere near (在近处没有)完全没有，远不及；nothing but (除……之外什么都不是)只是，就是；anything but (除了……之外任何都是)根本不。
如：I will be anything but quiet on Saturday night.
周六晚上我根本静不下心来。

5．keep ... free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](完成句子)
①Ordinary soap，used properly, can keep_you_free_from/of bacteria.
使用得当的话，普通肥皂可以使你免受细菌的侵扰。
②It was several weeks before he was_completely_free_from/of pain.
过了几个星期他的疼痛才完全消失。
③This kind of plant has the function to keep_you_free_from/of mosquitoes a whole summer.
这种植物具有使你整个夏季免受蚊子叮咬的功能。
[系统归纳]
介词from意义之一是“使免遭；使免受”；介词of意义之一是“剥夺；使没有”。
如：free of charge(免费的)；cure sb. of ... (治愈某人……)；save sb. from drowning(救某人免遭溺水)。



1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①We all admire him for his devotion (devote) to the teaching career.
②It is thought that the most devoted (devote) friend of the human beings is the dog.
③Medical workers devote_themselves_to_treating patients.
医疗工作者专心致力于治疗病人。
④Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible for and devoted_to_his_job.
不顾感染的风险，李叔叔对自己的工作很有责任心，并且专心于工作。
[进阶学习]
系统
归纳
(1)devote ... to ...　把……用于……
devote oneself to 献身/致力于……
(2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的
be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 挚爱；奉献；忠诚
难点释解
以上短语中的to 是介词，其后要跟名词、代词、动名词。
　　　　　
　[练重难点](单句语法填空)
⑤The scientist has devoted to studying (study) medicine and has saved millions of lives.
2．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It took me many hours to convince the poor boy to_go (go) to school again.
②Everything he says is reasonable and convincing (convince)．
③I want to convince_them_of my enthusiasm for the job.
我想使他们相信我对这份工作的热情。
④I am_fully_convinced_that with the tips above we will become smart online learners and get the most value out of our next class.
我坚信，遵偱以上建议，我们会成为智慧的网上学习者，并在以后的课堂中获得最大价值。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)convince sb.to do sth.　说服某人做某事
convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb.that ... 使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj. 深信的；确信的
be convinced that ... 确信……
(3)convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
联想拓展
convince sb. of sth.类似的短语：persuade sb. of sth.，warn sb. of sth., inform sb.of sth.，be afraid of sth.，be sure of sth.等。

　　　　　　　　[练重难点](完成句子)
⑤I have informed_him_of_the_time_and_place of the meeting.
我已经通知他会议的时间和地点。
3．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流；反过来
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](完成句子)
①Tom often helps you and in_turn,_you should help him when he is in trouble.
汤姆经常帮你，反过来，他有困难时，你也应该帮助他。
②The two brothers take_turns(in) looking after their father.
兄弟俩轮流照顾父亲。
③I felt very nervous when it_was_my_turn_to deliver a speech.
轮到我做演讲时，我感到非常紧张。

[进阶学习]


系统
归纳
by turns　　　　　　轮流地；交替地
take turns 轮流；依次
take turns (in) doing/to do sth.　轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
辨析比较
take turns 和by turns 都意为“轮流”，前者是动词短语，后者为副词短语。

　　　　　　　　[练重难点](一句多译)
我们轮流打扫教室。
④We_take_turns_(in)_cleaning/to_clean_the_classroom.
⑤We_clean_the_classroom_by_turns.
4．cut down砍倒；削减；缩小
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](完成句子)
①With more and more forests_cut_down,_large quantities of soil are being washed away.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤被冲走。
②They were almost completely cut_off from the outside world.
他们几乎完全与外界隔绝了。
③It is impolite of children to cut_in when their seniors are talking.
孩子们在长辈讲话时插话是不礼貌的。
④The director cut_out the bit about racial prejudice.
导演把有关种族歧视的那段删除了。
⑤He cut_across the fields so as not to be late.
为了不迟到，他抄近路穿过田地。

[进阶学习]
系统
归纳
cut off　　　　　　　切断；隔绝
cut in 插嘴；打断(谈话)
cut up 切碎；使伤心
cut out 删去；剪除
cut across 抄近路穿过；遮挡
辨析
比较
cut off 强调“脱离；隔离”。
cut out 强调“除去；删除”。

[练重难点](选词填空：cut out/cut off)
⑥He had his finger cut_off in an accident at work.
⑦He has decided to cut_out_ smoking and drinking.




1．It is estimated that ...据估计……
[用法规则]
It is estimated that ...意为“据估计……”。这是一个含有名词性从句的复合句，that引导主语从句，it为形式主语，为了平衡句子被置于句首。
　　　　　　　
　[应用体验](完成句子)
①It_is_hoped_that Youth can make new progress.
希望《青春》杂志能够取得新的进步。
②At this point，it_is_not_clear_why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans.
在这一点上，还不清楚为什么狗好似具有识别人类不同表情的能力。
③It_is_not_entirely_surprising_that bears should have a high degree of intelligence.
熊竟然具有高水平的智商，这一点并不完全让人惊奇。
④It_is_our_hope_that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives.
我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步会给我们研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。
2．given that ...考虑到
[用法规则]
given that在句中可用作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“考虑到”。given可用作介词，表示“只要是；考虑到；假定；已知”。引导条件状语从句的引导词还有：
①if　　　　　　　　　　　 如果
②unless 除非；如果不
③so/as long as　　　　　 只要
④in case 万一
⑤on condition that 在……的条件下
⑥supposing/suppose that 假设；如果
⑦provided/providing that 如果
⑧assuming (that) ... 假如

　　　　　　　　
[应用体验](完成句子)
①Given_that they are lacking in experience, they have done a good job.
鉴于他们缺乏经验，工作做成这样已经相当不错了。
②Provided/Supposing_that no objection is raised, we shall carry out the plan.
假如没有反对意见，我们就实施这项计划。
③Given_her_interest_in_children,_teaching seems the right job for her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教学看来是很适合她的工作。



良好的环境是人类生存和发展的前提。大自然是伟大的，它无私地为人类奉献着一切。花草树木可以为人类提供美丽的风景，给人们美好的心情。但是，它们需要人类的尊敬与呵护。只有崇尚自然并与自然和谐相处，人类才会有更加幸福美好的生活。该主题意在引导学生联系自身实际，形成亲近自然、崇尚自然、合理利用自然、与自然和谐相处的意识。高考写作命题中对这一主题常有涉及，如：2020年全国卷Ⅱ书面表达，周末参加采摘活动。


A Love of Gardening
(节选自外研版教材必修第一册UNIT 6)
❶“If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden.” ❷ These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published in 1911.At that time, only the very rich in Britain had gardens.Very soon after this, homes with gardens began to be built.This is what started the British love of gardening！❸Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”， with around half the population spending their free time gardening.(本段介绍了英国人热爱园艺的历史和现状)
For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world.Each spring, children plant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest.Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions.❹And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.(从花园在英国人生活中的地位的角度进行了介绍)
But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions.Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.Today, there are over 4,000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land.One recent idea has been to turn rooftops and walls into private gardens.These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality.(从英国人的新做法和作用方面进行了介绍)
As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul.What other free-time activity allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things？(疑问句有效引起了读者对问题的关注，激发读者思考) And if you're in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden: “Where you tend a rose ...A thistle cannot grow.”(强调了园艺的益处，并呼吁人们热爱园艺)

由教材学写法
1．学高级句式
句❷运用过去分词短语“first published in 1911”作后置定语，修饰the book，语言简练地补充说明了这本书的首次出版时间。
句❹是一个主从复合句，句中while引导让步状语从句，该句中“nothing better than”结构属于“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义的用法，对两种人的活动和感受进行了描述。句子虽长，但结构清楚、表意清晰。
2．学修辞手法
句❶运用比喻的修辞手法把the whole world(整个世界)比作a garden(一个花园)，揭示了从一个合适的角度去欣赏世界的必要性。语言生动活泼，启发读者想象。
句❸中的“green fingers(绿手指)” 运用了借代的修辞手法，它其实是对喜欢园艺的人的一种称赞，意指植物在他们的精心照料下能够茁壮成长。如果说某人有 green fingers，意味着这个人有高超的种植技能。
3．学行文逻辑
本文写作结构为“递进式”。文章是按照说明事理的逻辑性来写的：英国人是何时开始喜欢园艺的→英国人喜欢园艺的原因→英国人是怎样打理自己的花园的→英国人做园艺的好处。


Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．look forward to　　　　　　 期待，盼望
2．be switched into 转化成
3．make use of 利用；使用
4．turn ...into ... 把……变成……
5．come true 实现
6．live a happy life 过着幸福的生活
7．reflect on 仔细考虑；回想
8．take on a new look 呈现新面貌
9．be optimistic about life 对生活积极乐观
10．in the long run 从长远来看
11．appeal to ... 对……有吸引力
12．be equipped with 装备……
13．green fingers 高超的种植技能
14．private garden 私人花园
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．Gardening is very popular in Britain.
园艺在英国非常受欢迎。
2．I've definitely been bitten by the gardening bug.
我被园艺彻底迷住了。
3．His only experience of gardening so far proved immensely satisfying.
到目前为止，他唯一的一次园艺经历非常令人满意。
4．Taking care of plants and flowers is very much like looking after children.
照顾花草很像照顾孩子。
5．I have to admit that when looking at others' gardens with beautiful flowers and pretty plants, I feel jealous and wish I had one like theirs.
我不得不承认，当看到别人的花园有美丽的花草时，我感到羡慕，并且希望我也有一个像他们一样的花园。



一、作文补写表达亮
下面是一篇介绍优秀的园艺工作者应该具备什么素质的短文，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。
First of all, I think ❶nothing_is_more_important_than_a_love_of_gardening (没有什么比热爱园艺更重要的了) for a green finger.❷Only_by_loving_plants_can_a_gardener_cultivate_
and_create_perfect_plants (只有热爱植物，园丁才能培育和创造出完美的植物；倒装句)that show and make people feel beauty.Secondly, ❸being_expert_in_biology (擅长生物学；动名词短语作主语) is necessary for a gardener.One should be aware of the relationship between different plants, ❹which_is_particularly_important (这是非常重要的；定语从句)when introducing new species.Last but not least, in my opinion a good gardener should continually ❺improve_his_ability_to_find_and_appreciate_beauty (提高自己发现和欣赏美的能力)．With this ability, one can transform seemingly ordinary plants into something of artistic and appreciative value, ❻adding_more_beauty_and_pleasure_to_our_life (为我们的生活增添更多的美丽和乐趣；分词短语作状语)．
二、续写语段思维活
结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个60词左右的片段。
情节脉络：“我”收到了一大束鲜花作为毕业礼物→鲜花很多，“我”不知道该怎么处置它们→侄子们来“我”家过周末，看着他们，“我”有了一个想法→“我”带着孩子们走上街头，让他们把花送给他们遇到的人→每个收到花的人都笑得很开心，“我”的侄子们笑得更开心……
We spread a lot of smiles by giving out flowers, and received a lot of smiles in return.　
　
　


参考范文：
We spread a lot of smiles by giving out flowers, and received a lot of smiles in return.The flowers not only made us feel good about ourselves, but also made other people feel happy.I feel there is nothing more enjoyable than being friendly to people.Meanwhile, the kids learned an important lesson in the process.In fact, they can't wait until next time they have such a chance again.They want to give out more flowers!



课时作业(一)　语篇阅读训练——保准度

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
To deal with a changing world, we have to change as well. Transforming land into farms removes forests and worsens climate change. But we need to grow more food to support a growing global population. What can we do?
Scientists have discovered that plants grow best under a certain type of light, which can be provided by red and blue LEDs. The combination of these lights at the right level makes a space look pink. Since “pinkhouses” supply their own light, they don't need to have fragile glass walls and ceilings. And they can be set up anywhere, including the places that don't get the amount of light greenhouses need.
Since pinkhouses can pack food in huge columns, one of these farms doesn't need a lot of land. Farmers can set up pinkhouses in cities. They completely control temperature and light, which can help some plants grow twice as well in pinkhouses as they do in traditional farming. Pinkhouses can allow for many more harvests per year since farming doesn't have to stop in winter.
Even though pinkhouses are a great way to grow crops, lighting and heating an indoor space can be very expensive. It doesn't make sense to grow foods that take up a lot of space or that we need to grow lots of, like wheat, rice, and corn, in a pinkhouse. We will still need to grow those crops in fields. We can start farming smarter.
Farmers will use satellite imagery to figure out exactly where to plant each crop. Think of a mixture of just the right crops, rather than a rectangle(长方形) of one type of plant. Sensors in the fields will measure the soil's water level, temperature, and chemical content. They will even be able to detect insects and send out notifications to a smartphone app. Irrigation systems will be tied to weather forecasting programs, allowing for very precise watering and care, all calculated to get the best plant growth and yield.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何促进农业生产的两个措施：第一个是“粉房子”种植模式，第二个是农民采取更智能的种植模式。
1．From the text, we know that the pinkhouse ________.
A．covers lots of space
B．needs enough sunlight
C．is made of glass or plastic
D．can make plants grow larger
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They completely ... traditional farming.”可知，“粉房子”可以完全控制温度和光线，这使得一些在“粉房子”里的植物生长得比传统农场里的植物好一倍，所以“粉房子”能使植物长得更大，故选D项。
2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．Emphasize the advantage of pinkhouses.
C．Introduce a new topic of the discussion.
D．Add some background information.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，虽然“粉房子”是个种植农作物的好方法，但是光照和加热室内空间费用昂贵，农民依然需要在田野里种粮食，且要采取更智能的种植方式。因此接下来作者将要讨论如何采取更智能的种植方式。由此可知，第四段的目的是提出一个新的讨论话题，故选C项。
3．What is the result of the smart farming?
A．Farmers will have a better harvest.
B．Farmers can grow different plants.
C．Farmers needn't care about the weather.
D．Plants can protect themselves against insects.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，更智能的种植方式会带来精确的浇灌和照料，以便使植物达到最佳生长状态并获得丰收，故选A项。
4．What's the best title for the text?
A．Building Pinkhouses
B．Feeding the Future
C．Changing the World
D．Getting Outdoor Farming Smart
解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段第二、三句可知，将土地变成农田会使森林消失，导致气候变化恶化，但是人类需要种植更多的食物来供养日益增长的全球人口。因此，全文讲述了促进农业生产的两个措施：第一个为“粉房子”种植模式，第二个是农民采取更智能的种植模式。这两个措施的目的是保障未来粮食的供给，故选B项。
B
Erik Kobayashi­Solomon spent a day with Dr Paul Gauthier, a plant physiologist specializing in vertical farming research and came up with several important ideas about vertical farming.
Humans have 12,000 years of experience growing food, but only a generation's or so worth of experience growing crops indoors. We are still progressing up the technology learning curve (学习曲线). What's more, traditional farming techniques are based on conditions that are not applicable to vertical farming. Therefore, without taking time to understand the science, vertical farming is not likely to be able to live up to its implied promises.
The cost of powering LED grow lights is one of the biggest problems a vertical farm must overcome. Dr Louis Albright at Cornell University has characterized vertical farms as “pie­in­the­sky” businesses. He famously calculates, for instance, that the cost of a loaf of bread would be D|S24 if farmed indoors — the cost is too high. Gauthier acknowledges that energy prices are high but points out that scientific work has shown that only about 6% of available sunlight is used in crop photosynthesis (光合作用), so there may be ways of growing the same plants with less light.
Gauthier also points out that while energy costs are a bit high, vertical farming does create high efficiencies in other areas. Water usage may be significantly reduced because the same water can be recycled time and again. Fertilizer use can be greatly reduced and pesticides for pest control are unnecessary. It's clear that vertical farming offers real value to society.
The future is probably mixed. In some environments — the Middle East, for instance — a move to vertical farming is a no­brainer. An indoor farm in Saudi Arabia, for instance, can use solar energy to power LEDs at low cost without shading out other farmland. In other geography, though, the expense of establishing a facility places a high bar to growth and profitability. A large vertical farming and equipment operation only started generating a small profit eight years into its nine­year life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直农场的相关信息以及有关垂直农场应用价值的不同看法。
5．What can we infer about vertical farming in Paragraph 2?
A．It will replace traditional farming one day.
B．It relies on research of more basic science.
C．It can be applicable to different conditions.
D．It actually came into being 12,000 years ago.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What's more, traditional farming ... its implied promises.”可知，垂直农业依赖于更多基础科学的研究。故选B项。
6．What does Dr Albright think of vertical farms?
A．They use less light than traditional ones.
B．They may seem very unlikely to succeed.
C．They can overcome many problems in farming.
D．They do not need any natural sunlight any longer.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，为LED植物生长灯供电的成本是垂直农场必须克服的最大问题之一。康奈尔大学的路易斯·奥尔布赖特博士将垂直农场描述为“空中楼阁”的生意。由此可知，奥尔布赖特博士认为垂直农业似乎不太可能成功。故选B项。
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The ways of reducing costs of vertical farming.
B．The secrets of developing vertical farming.
C．The recent trend of vertical farming.
D．The benefits of vertical farming.
解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这一段讲述了垂直农业的好处。故选D项。
8．Why is the example of “an indoor farm in Saudi Arabia” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To show vertical farming can work well in some places.
B．To prove solar energy is vital for farming in Saudi Arabia.
C．To confirm the expense of setting up a vertical farm is high.
D．To argue vegetables do not need to be imported any longer.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“An indoor farm ... growth and profitability.”可知，文中提到这一实例是为了说明垂直农业系统在某些地方可以很好地运作。故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
　　Including children in the farming lifestyle has many benefits.Sure, it is nice to have the additional help with chores (家庭杂务), but it also fosters so much growth, sending our kids down a good path towards who they will someday become.It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming.__9__
Through caring for farm animals, kids learn that in life others often come before self.__10__ It doesn't matter if we don't feel like it or if we are sick and tired.What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner.
__11__ If the work on a farm does not get done, the operation fails.It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day, and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude.They will know and understand that nothing good comes easy and that they have to work to survive.__12__ Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing a crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life.
Additionally, farming teaches patience.__13__ Cattle will be difficult to control.Horses will run away when you try to catch them.Goats will kick over that bucket of hard­earned milk.A rooster will decide you got too close to his hens and give you a run for your money.In spite of all that, kids will learn to be patient and take things easy.
There may not be any instant reward, but in the long­term kids will see the benefit of all their efforts during those hard days.
A．At the same time, they learn to work with others.
B．Farm life also teaches kids the value of hard work.
C．Children learn to be grateful for animals for eating purpose.
D．Teamwork is no longer an important skill to develop and use.
E．There are going to be a lot of days when things do not go your way.
F．However, what they learn on a farm can also be instrumental in their future lives.
G．Animals need to be fed, watered, and cared for before we get to sit down and relax.

9．选F　根据本段第一句可知，让孩子们参与到农场生活中有很多好处；根据空格前一句可知，我们的孩子长大后可能不再需要干农活。下文介绍了农场生活给孩子带来的好处。F项承上启下，符合语境。
10．选G　根据空格前一句可知，通过照顾农场里的动物，孩子们了解到：在生活中，别人往往比自己重要。G项与上文紧密衔接，符合语境。
11．选B　根据空格后一句可知，如果农场的工作没有完成，活动就是失败的。B项能够引出下文，符合语境。
12．选A　根据空格后一句可知，作为一个高效运转的团队的一部分，迟早会在各行各业中发挥重要作用。A项与下文紧密衔接，符合语境。
13．选E　空格后列举了几个在农场劳作时可能会遇到的麻烦。E项能够引出下文，符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Farming and Gardening
Around 540 AD, Jia Sixie wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu. It includes advice on the following __14__： growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and fish in lakes. There are also __15__ for making wine. Jia Sixie's book is a(n) __16__ guide for farming. If you sow seeds and __17__ young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and __18__ will be better. But if you __19__ nature and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good. The __20__ of the soil is also very important. Examine the soil on your farm __21__. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and __22__ weeds. Let sheep or cows walk on the land to __23__ the weeds or eat them. The best harvest is reached __24__ farmers change the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice __25__ in the same field or you won't__26__ good crops. Other scientists said wheat should be planted with __27__ between the plants, but Jia did experiments and __28__ planting wheat close together is better.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了我国古代农业科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。
14．A.programs　　　　　　　　 B．topics
C．subjects D．events
解析：选C　从语境来看，本句的下文介绍了一些具体的课题，如种菜、养动物等，因此选subject(科目，课题)。
15．A.instructions B．constructions
C．measures D．treasures
解析：选A　instructions在此处表示造酒的“指导，说明”。
16．A.economical B．practical
C．similar D．regular
解析：选B　practical guide意为“切实可行的指导”。
17．A.drop B．increase
C．grow D．throw
解析：选C　grow young plants意为“种植幼苗”。
18．A.dreams B．ending
C．hope D．results
解析：选D　result与空格前面的“your work will be less”相对应，表示“工作投入少，而结果更好”。
19．A.argue against B．go against
C．compete with D．deal with
解析：选B　go against nature意为“违背自然(规律)”，符合语境。
20．A.application B．situation
C．condition D．addition
解析：选C　the condition of the soil表示“土壤的状况”。
21．A.successfully B．carefully
C．gradually D．frequently
解析：选B　前句指出土壤状况很重要，本句说明要细心、仔细地检查土壤，因此选carefully。
22．A.remove B．pull
C．kill D．reduce
解析：选A　本句告诉读者，种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草，remove weeds意为“清除杂草”。
23．A.destroy B．prevent
C．divide D．limit
解析：选A　让牛羊在地里走是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草，故选destroy。
24．A.unless B．if
C．until D．when
解析：选D　最好的收成是当农民在他们的田地里换农作物的时候。因此选when。
25．A.one after another B．here and there
C．now and then D．year after year
解析：选D　year after year意为“年复一年”，此处表示“不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼”。
26．A.win B．collect
C．harvest D．plant
解析：选C　此处表示“如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成”。harvest good crops意为“收成好”。
27．A.holes B．lines
C．space D．balance
解析：选C　此处表示“种植小麦时，株与株之间要留有空间”，因此选space。
28．A.showed B．meant
C．intended D．decided
解析：选A　前面有“Jia did experiments”，因此后面应是实验结果“证明，表明”，因此选showed。
Ⅳ.语法填空
A new study shows that __1__ two countries with the world's __2__ (large) populations are leading the increase in greening on land. The effect comes __3__ (main) from ambitious tree planting programs in China and agriculture in both countries.
China alone accounts __4__ 25% of the global increase in leaf area, but contains only 6.6% of global land area covered in vegetation (植物). The greening in China is from forests (42%) and croplands (32%)．
China's outsized __5__ (contribute) comes in large part from programs __6__ (protect) and expand forests. These programs were developed in an effort to reduce the effects of soil erosion (侵蚀), air pollution and climate change.
Taken all together, the greening of the planet represents an increase in leaf area of plants and trees equal to the area __7__ is covered by all of the Amazon rainforest.
The land area __8__ (use) to grow crops is comparable in China and India and it __9__ (change) very little since the early 2,000s. Yet the countries have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area __10__ their food production.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上两个人口大国——中国和印度——在改善土地绿化方面处于领先地位，其主要原因在于中国宏伟的植树计划和两国的农业。
1．the　考查冠词。此处特指“世界上两个人口最多的国家”，two countries后有介词短语with the world's ...修饰，其前要加定冠词，故填the。
2．largest　考查形容词的最高级。此处表示“世界范围内最多的”，故填最高级largest。
3．mainly　考查副词。此空修饰动词短语comes from，应用副词形式，故填mainly。
4．for　考查介词。account for意为“(在数量、比例上)占……”，故填for。
5．contribution　考查名词。设空处在句中作主语，且位于名词所有格China's和形容词outsized后，所以要用其名词形式contribution，意为“贡献”。根据空后的comes可知，此处应用单数形式，故填contribution。
6．to protect　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，________ and expand forests作定语，program后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to protect。
7．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是area，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
8．used　考查非谓语动词，设空处为过去分词形式作后置定语，The land area与use之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词used。
9．has changed　考查动词的时态。由时间状语since the early 2,000s判断，此处应用现在完成时，故填has changed。
10．and　考查连词。both ... and ...意为“……和……两者都”，故填and。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
两个月前，你注意到你居住的社区有人乱扔垃圾，为此你向相关部门反映，并利用空闲时间在社区内开展宣传活动，社区环境得到了极大的改善，请就此场景写一篇小短文。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　　
　　
参考范文：
Two months ago, I noticed that there were some people littering in our community. Therefore, I reported it to the relevant departments and at the same time I spared my free time to carry out various activities to call for the citizens to take care of our living environment.To my great delight, the relevant departments paid attention to the situation and took a series of measures and all the citizens were all very active in protecting our living environment. Gradually, the community environment has been greatly improved.