2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第四册Unit3SeaExploration教师用书

UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION

一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．behold the sunrise　　　　　　 看日出
2．changes in tax rates 税率的变化
3．keep a log 记日志
4．television channels 电视频道
5．the largest maritime museum 最大的海洋博物馆
6．invitational tournament 邀请赛
7．seasonal migration 季节性迁徙
8．underwater exploration 水下勘探
9．a telephone directory 电话号码簿
10．marine environment 海洋环境
11．a collection of folk tales 一本民间故事集
12．manned space program 载人航天计划
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．The experience created a very special bond between us.(n.纽带)
2．I'm calling up, and meanwhile, I'm running out of money.(adv.与此同时)
3．The worst thing you can do is underestimate an opponent.(n.对手)
4．Police arrested five young men in connection with one of the attacks.(vt.逮捕)
5．The government will not negotiate with terrorists.(vi.谈判)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．The meeting was extended one day.(v.延长)
拓展：extension n．扩大；延伸→extensive adj.广泛的；广阔的
2．Have you thought about a career in the medical profession？(n.行业)
拓展：professional adj.专业的，职业的n.职业运动员→professionally adv.专业地；内行地
3．They looked at him with a mixture of horror, envy, and awe.(n.混合)
拓展：mix vt.& vi.混合；调配→mixed adj.混合的
4．Now a special TV network gives live coverage of most races.(n.新闻报道)
拓展：cover v．覆盖；报道
5．The audience laughed and applauded.(v.鼓掌)
拓展：applause n．鼓掌；掌声
6．Modern technology is good enough to exploit all the sea resources.(vt.开发)
拓展：exploitation n．开发，开采；利用
7．The old woman shows mercy on the poor man and gives him some money.(n.仁慈)
拓展：merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的
8．Those documents are now in the possession of the Washington Post.(n.拥有)
拓展：possess vt.拥有；具有；支配
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught.导致
2．I don't know if he will withdraw from the race.退出
3．The country, the richest one all over the world, is in a league of its own.独领风骚
4．For the benefit of project management, we have to be content with shorter-term goals.为了……的利益
5．All units under the command of an army group have reduced supply consumption.在……的指挥下
6．If you apply yourself to the job in hand，you'll soon finish it.在手头
7．He gave me so much help when I was out of work.I wish I could give something to him in return.作为报答
8．They were expecting a safe journey when they set sail.B
A．着手处理 B．起航
C．建立 D．留出
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.(动词不定式作主语)
在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。
写作亮句
(2021·浙江1月高考写作) To visit our campus today is our first plan and you can enjoy the beautiful view of the lake behind the main building.今天我们的第一个计划是参观校园，你们可以欣赏到主楼后面的湖的美丽景色。

2.
教材原句
The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.(过去分词短语作定语) 随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
写作亮句
(2021·浙江6月高考写作)The exhibition held on the first floor of the school library provides a platform for students to explore the beauty of China and experience the charm of Chinese art.
在学校图书馆一楼举行的展览为学生提供了一个探索中国之美、体验中国艺术魅力的平台。

3.
教材原句
From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.(there is an urgent need to do sth.)
从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。
写作亮句
There is an urgent need to finish this project by tomorrow.
迫切需要在明天之前完成这项工程。
文化典句
There is an urgent need to address climate change at present.
目前迫切需要解决气候变化。

五、名著精美语段选摘——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
An Excerpt from Wuthering Heights
Catherine was a wild, wicked girl in those days.We had to watch her every moment of the day, to stop her playing her tricks on us.She was proud and liked giving orders.But she had the prettiest face and the sweetest smile you've ever seen.I could forgive her anything when she came to say she was sorry.
凯瑟琳当时是个任性、淘气的姑娘。我们一天到晚都得盯着她，一不留意就会被她捉弄。她很骄傲，喜欢发号施令。但您从没看到过比那更可爱的小脸和甜甜的微笑。只要她过来说抱歉，我就什么都原谅她了。
[点评]　本段话中主要运用人物性格描写，通过“wild, wicked, play her tricks on, proud and liked giving orders, prettiest face, sweetest smile, could forgive her anything”等表达让读者仿佛看到了一个让你不得不爱的智慧刁钻的小精灵就在眼前。






1．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①What happens when you mix flour with water?
②Someone has mixed up all the application forms.
③The little boy mixed vinegar with sugar, but the mixture tasted not so bad.(mix)
④I listened to his adventure with a mixture (mix) of amusement and disbelief.
[系统归纳]
(1)a mixture of ...　　　 ……的混合物
(2)mix ...with ... 把……与……混合起来
mix with sth. 与某物相融合
mix up 弄错；弄乱；混淆
mix ...up with ... 把……和……搞混
2．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](完成句子)
①At_the_mercy_of the strong wind, the little trees on the top of the mountain couldn't stand up straight.
在强风肆虐中，山顶上的小树根本无法挺立。
②We have carried out a series of activities to call on people to show_mercy_to_animals.
我们开展了一系列的活动，呼吁人们怜悯动物。
③He got down on his knees and begged/asked_for_mercy.他跪下来乞求宽恕。
④The blistering noonday sun beat down on them_without_mercy.正午酷热的阳光无情地蒸烤着他们。
[系统归纳]
at the mercy of　　　 任由……摆布或控制
beg/ask for mercy 乞求宽恕
对……怜悯或宽恕
without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地

3．lead to导致；通向
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①His carelessness led to his friend being_hurt (hurt)．
②Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
③In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practise (practise) speaking English in an interesting way.
[系统归纳]
lead sb.to ＋n.　　　　 带领某人去/进入……；
使某人得出(观点)
lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead a ...life 过着……的生活
lead the way 引路；带路


1．applaud vt.&vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The president was applauded for his strong support of the bill.
②His efforts to improve the situation are to_be_applauded.
他为改善状况所作的努力应该受到赞许。
③I applaud her for_sticking_to her principles.
我赞赏她坚持自己的原则。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)applaud one's plan　　　赞成某人的计划
applaud sb.for sth. 为某事称赞某人
(2)a round of applause 一阵喝彩
难点解释
applaud意为“鼓掌喝彩”时，是不及物动词； 意为“向/为……鼓掌喝彩”“赞赏”“称赞”时，是及物动词，接名词或代词作宾语
　　　　　
　[练重难点](完成句子)
④The audience laughed_and_applauded.
观众欢笑并且鼓掌。
⑤He should be_applauded_for_his_courage.
他应该因其勇气而受到称赞。
2．possession n．个人财产；拥有；控制
[题点全练]
单句语法填空
①He was found in possession (possess) of dangerous drugs.
②The system is possessed of stronger applicability and generality.
③Life is a hospital in which every patient is_possessed (possess) by the desire to change his bed.
一句多译
现在他拥有一家大公司，有着很高的社会地位。
④Now he is_in_possession_of a big company and has a high position in society.(possession)
⑤Now he gets_possession_of a big company and has a high position in society.(get)
⑥Now he is_possessed_of a big company and has a high position in society.(possessed)
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)in possession of　　占有；拥有；持有
in sb.'s possession ＝ in the possession of sb.为某人所有；在某人的控制下
get/take/gain possession of拥有；占有
(2)be possessed of 具有(某品质、能力等)
be possessed by 为……所支配
辨析比较
(1)in possession of 表主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语。
(2)in the possession of 表被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。

[练重难点]
选词填空：in possession of/in the possession of
⑦The company where my mother works is in_the_possession_of John Smith.
⑧Anyone who is in_possession_of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking.




1．there is an urgent need to do sth.
[用法规则]
常见的 “There's no ...”构成的句型：
There is no need to do sth.　　没有必要做某事
There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义
There is no difficulty in doing sth.做某事没有困难
There is no possibility to do/that ...……是不可能的
There is no point (in) doing sth.做某事是没有意义的
　　　　　　　　
[应用体验](完成句子)
①He's already known the result.There_is_no_need_to_tell_him.
他已经知道结果了，没有必要再告诉他了。
②There_is_an_urgent_need for food and water in the flood stricken areas.
遭受洪灾的地区亟须食物和水。
③There_is_no_point_(in)_arguing with them who have no reason.跟那些不讲道理的人争论是没有意义的。
④There's_no_doubt_that it is necessary to develop a plan for athletes to improve their qualities.
毫无疑问，制订一项提高运动员素质的计划是必要的。
⑤I think there_is_no_sense_in_making him angry.
我认为惹他生气是没有意义的。
2．过去分词短语作定语
[用法规则]
(1)过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成，与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2)过去分词短语作定语时，要放在名词后面，作后置定语；单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，放在名词的前面。
　　　　　　　　
[应用体验](完成句子)
①In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected_to_the_Internet.
1983年，只有200台电脑连接到互联网上。
②Polluted_water_and_air are harmful to people's health.污染了的水和空气对人的健康有害。
③Near the window, there is a bookshelf filled_with_many_books.
靠近窗户，有一个装满很多书的书架。



强调自然遗产的社会公益性和传世性，已成为越来越多的国家的共识。该主题有利于让学生了解我国丰富的自然遗产，引导学生坚定民族自豪感和爱国主义情怀，切实增强“四个自信”。学生在平时的学习中应多关注此方面的素材，理解保护自然遗产的重要意义。


REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
(节选自人教版教材选择性必修第四册UNIT 3)
❶In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)．Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century.(古代丝绸之路的发展情况)
Later，the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices.Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.(明朝时期丝绸之路的演变)
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come.❷China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.(“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的发展)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中， extend(延伸), centred(以……为中心的)，negotiate(协商)等词准确地描述了古代丝绸之路的地理位置和发展概况；第二段中，exploration(探索)，expedition(探险；远征)等词形象写出了明朝时期人们对丝绸之路的进一步探索和开拓；第三段中则用cooperation(合作)，bond(纽带；联系)等词叙述了新时期丝绸之路起到的新作用。
2．学高级句式
句❶以含义丰富的what引导的名词性从句作介词along的宾语，表达灵活，韵味十足。
句❷中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前主句的内容，突出了中国投资对这些沿线地区实现大发展和未来的贸易和文化交流的促进作用。
3．学行文逻辑
本文是一篇说明文。文章以丝绸之路发展历史中的几个关键时期(古代→明朝→现今)为线索，逻辑清晰地介绍了丝绸之路的发展演变及对国家之间贸易和文化交流的促进作用。


Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．take on a new look　　　　　 呈现新面貌
2．be rich in tourist attractions 旅游资源丰富
3．historic sites 历史遗迹
4．play an important part in 在……中起着重要作用
5．range from ...to ... 从……到……不等
6．focus on 集中于
7．shared benefits 共享利益
8．face the challenge 面对挑战
9．seek for cooperation 寻求合作
10．ahead of 领先；早于

Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．Its total land area is 16,808 square kilometres，among which the mountain areas account for 52%.
它的总占地面积为16 808平方千米， 其中山区占52%。
2．The village, located on the East Sea, has a history of more than 300 years and a population of 200,000.
这个村庄坐落在东海之滨，有着300多年的历史和 20万人口。
3．The initiatives of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road put forward by China are being steadily advanced.
中国倡议的“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”正在稳步推进。
4．Covering an area of 30 hectares, the park has five lakes, seven islands and ten bridges.
这座公园占地30公顷，包括五湖、七岛和十桥。


一、作文提升练习
下面是一篇学生习作，主题是邀请外国朋友Henry假期一起骑行游览丝绸之路西安至兰州路段。请根据上面所学，对习作进行润色、升级。
Dear Henry，
How is everything going? I'm writing to invite you to join me in a bike trip along the Silk Road during the summer vacation.
We are to meet in Xi'an, the starting point of the Silk Road, on July 20.❶Then we'll ride through Shaanxi Province, and finally stop in Lanzhou.❷ It covers a length of approximately 660 kilometres.❸The journey is only part of the historic Silk Road.❹It once greatly strengthened the bonds between the East and the West.We'll study the history of the trade and cultural exchange.We need to prepare some necessities such as food，water, tents and jackets for our trip ahead.
I am expecting to enjoy the exciting trip with you.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
(一)将文中加蓝词汇升级
1．study→explore
2．ahead→in_advance
(二)根据提示将文中句子升级
1．用非谓语动词作状语合并句❶和句❷
Then we'll ride through Shaanxi Province, and finally stop in Lanzhou, covering a length of approximately 660 kilometres.
2．用非限制性定语从句合并句❸和❹
The_journey_is_only_part_of_the_historic_Silk_Road,_which_once_greatly_strengthened_the_bonds_between_the_East_and_the_West.
二、看图写作善联想
根据以下图片内容，写一段80词左右的片段。

The_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_was_proposed_by_China_in_September_2013.The_initiative_focuses_on_extended_negotiation,_joint_contribution_and_shared_benefits,_with_the_goal_of_bringing_benefits_to_all.Many_foreign_countries_have_joined_this_plan.For_the_foreign_students,_they_become_more_interested_in_Chinese_culture._Similarly_Chinese_students_will_have_a_better_understanding_of_other_cultures_and_of_course,_they_will_face_new_opportunities_and_challenges.The_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_has_won_the_praise_from_people_all_around_the_world,_who_are_expecting_to_seek_cooperation.In_the_future,_more_business_chances_will_come.If_you_are_ready,_you_will_be_ahead_of_others.


课时作业(一)　语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat to various organisms.They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem.However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and long­time “coral bleaching (珊瑚白化)” events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.
In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick­starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia.The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.
“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places — the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish.Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a place to settle，” said Steve Simpson, study co­author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.
By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.“These returning fish are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems.Boosting fish population in this way could help to kick­start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many coral reefs around the world，” said lead author, Tim Gordon.
语篇解读：由于海水温度的升高，深海珊瑚的生态遭到破坏。科学家通过实验研究发现，在珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器以吸引海洋生物对于恢复珊瑚的生态卓有成效。
1．What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?
A．Diverse species.
B．Noise pollution.
C．Fishing industry.
D．Climbing temperatures.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，是气候变化所引起的海水温度的上升导致了这种白化现象。
2．What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?
A．Removing damaged coral reefs.
B．Using loudspeakers to keep fish away.
C．Building new homes for sea species.
D．Playing certain sounds to attract fish.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为恢复珊瑚生态，科学家在遭破坏的珊瑚附近放置扬声器，以吸引鱼类。即通过播放声音来吸引鱼类。
3．Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted?
A．To provide some findings of the study.
B．To show the progress of the experiment.
C．To explain reasons for the new approach.
D．To give another solution to the problem.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，鱼儿会离开不健康的、遭到破坏的珊瑚。为了吸引鱼类，科学家们在这些珊瑚附近放置扬声器。再结合第三段第一句可知，健康的珊瑚礁是非常热闹的地方，各种海洋生物很多。由此可推知，此处引用这位教授的话是为了解释在受损珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器这一新方法的原因。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The attempts are in vain.
B．Natural recovery is impossible.
C．Initial success has been achieved.
D．The coral reefs have returned to normal.
解析： 选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，通过用扬声器复制一些声音，部分死亡的珊瑚礁吸引了更多的鱼类，由此可推知，珊瑚生态保护已经初见成效。
B
It seems we can't get off the planet fast enough.Two thirds of NASA's money is spent on manned space exploration, and that number will grow with the country's decision to send a man to Mars in 2037.We've seen all there is to see on Earth, right? Wrong.The final place is here, under the surface of the sea.
Heading down into the ocean, human limits are quickly reached.At 200 metres, the water is as black as a moonless night.Most nuclear submarines (核潜艇) would implode (内爆) before they reach 1 km down.At 3 km—still less than the average depth of the ocean—there's a good chance that you'll discover a new species.The deepest­diving whales go no further.At the very bottom, about 11 km down, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.Eighteen humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Deep with their own eyes.
Yet things live down there.Big things.A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature known on the planet.
In the late 1990s, a deep­water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean, and passing 4,000 metres, it discovered something huge passing under it.Surprised? Don't be.The ocean covers 70% of the planet's surface and we've studied less than 5% of it.We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.
One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms.The search for life outside of Earth is important, but robots can look under the dry rocks of Mars better than humans.They're absolutely important for doing ocean research too, but they can't look under the sea.The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all our lives.Understanding the oceans will help us find new sources of food, drugs and energy.
Perhaps now it's time to begin a new period of sea exploration.Manned exploration of space is science fiction (科幻小说)．The adventure of the deep sea is science fact.

5．What do the examples in Paragraph 2 suggest?
A．Sea exploration is no easy task.
B．Nuclear submarines need to be improved.
C．The ocean is far deeper than people expected.
D．The condition under the sea is similar to that on the Moon.
解析：选A　推理判断题。第二段列举各个深度海洋的情况是为了说明海洋探索不是一件容易的事。
6．What do we know about the Challenger Deep?
A．Blue whales live there.
B．No one has ever been there.
C．People are terrified by the sight of it.
D．It is the deepest known location on Earth.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean”可知，挑战号深渊是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。
7．What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean?
A．It's surprising. B．It's no wonder.
C．It's worrying. D．It's no success.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Surprised? Don't be ...the bottom of the sea.”可推测，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现不足为奇。
8．What does the author want to tell us?
A．Space exploration is of little value.
B．We spend too much money on space travel.
C．Humans' success lies in how much they explore the sea.
D．The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.
解析：选D　主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点明自己的观点：The final place is here, under the surface of the sea，并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此可知，D项概括了文章主旨。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
By the end of the 15th century many things were changing in Europe.The population started to grow more quickly and a new class of merchants came up.They wanted to buy and sell expensive and valuable products from Asia, like gold, jewels and silk.In those days, people had no refrigerators to preserve their food.__9__ To make food taste better they used spices, like pepper.
__10__ But in the 15th century the overland passageways were being controlled by the Turkish Empire, which made it even more difficult for European merchants to pass through.As a result, some European countries, like Spain and Portugal, decided to find out if there was a sea passageway to India.
At the end of the 15th century the Portuguese started to explore the west coast of Africa.__11__ In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias sailed around the southern part of the continent and got as far as the east coast of Africa, but a storm made him turn back.__12__ The Portuguese named it the Cape of Good Hope because they were hopeful of finding a passageway to India.In 1497, Vasco Da Gama set out from Lisbon, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean.__13__ He took some spices and gold back with him to prove that he had reached India.
A．He reached the west coast of India the next year.
B．They dried meat and used salt to make it last longer.
C．They set up trading posts and collected gold and silver.
D．On his return voyage, he saw a piece of land stretching out into the sea.
E．For centuries Europeans brought these goods on a land passageway from Asia.
F．They were convinced that by sailing around it they would find a passageway to India.
G．With the help of advanced ships and instruments，they started the Age of Exploration.

9．选B　空格前一句谈到了在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，本句承接上一句的内容，为了让食物(肉)保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来，故选B。
10．选E　第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝、丝绸以及香料，商人就从亚洲通过陆路运到欧洲，空格后一句有but转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难了。因此，空格处起承上启下的作用，E符合语境。
11．选F　本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。设空处解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，因为他们相信通过这条线，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道。
12．选D　空格前一句谈到Bartholomeu Dias 已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到了海上风暴，本句承接上文，在他们回航的时候，他们看见了一块突出在海上的陆地。D项中的return与空格前一句的“made him turn back”相呼应，因此选D。
13．选A　空格前一句谈到在1497年，航海家Vasco Da Gama绕过好望角到达了印度洋，故A项能承接上文。A项中的“the next year”与空格前一句的“in 1497”存在先后关系，也暗示了答案。
Ⅲ.完形填空
“I have no idea what to get you this New Year，” my husband Larry said.I __14__ with a knowing smile as the same __15__ to me in finding him something.__16__ we liked remembering each other with gifts on holidays, we had reached the __17__ in lives where we didn't need more things.Actually, we were __18__， clearing out and getting rid of unneeded stuff.
Then an online article about schools having to turn away some children from receiving __19__ for they had no money to pay attracted me.“Let's each give money to the school for our presents，” I said, __20__ the article with Larry.“Great idea.It's also a __21__ to pay it forward，” Larry smiled.
When our children were small, Larry and I were __22__， losing sources of income.During the hard time, we __23__ to pay any bill.It wasn't easy for us to ask for help, as we'd been brought up on principles of __24__.Someone then offered a hand.
I visited our local elementary school, and explained we'd like to help children who couldn't __25__ their lunches.The lady taking charge looked first __26__ and then pleased.She accepted our gift of cash with thanks.“This will make a big __27__ to so many children，” she said.
__28__ there weren't as many presents in our room, but it was one of our best New Years.
语篇解读：新年临近，作者和丈夫商量，不再为对方买节日礼物，而是把这笔钱拿来资助当地小学的贫困学子，让他们能在学校吃上午餐。
14．A.interrupted B．complained
C．left D．responded
解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处表示作者用一个会意的微笑回应丈夫Larry, respond “作出反应，回应”。
15．A.related B．returned
C．applied D．appealed
解析：选C　根据下文可知，作者和丈夫两人都为选礼物发愁。此处表示作者自己也遇到了同样的问题，即不知道新年该给丈夫买什么礼物。apply表示“(对……)适用，(对……)有效”，the same applies to ...表示“……也是一样”。
16．A.Because B．While
C．If D．Unless
解析：选B　根据语境可知，尽管作者和丈夫喜欢在节日时送对方礼物，但他们已经到了不需要更多东西的阶段。前后分句之间是让步关系，故用While “虽然，尽管”。
17．A.stage B．balance
C．agreement D．edge
解析：选A　参见上题解析。stage “时期，阶段”。
18．A.passing down B．handing out
C．cutting back D．laying off
解析：选C　根据上文的“where we didn't need more things”和下文的“clearing out and getting rid of unneeded stuff”可知，作者他们在减少东西。
19．A.support B．education
C．books D．meals
解析：选D　根据下文的“who couldn't ________ their lunches”可知，一些孩子因为支付不起而吃不上学校的午饭(meals)。
20．A.analyzing B．praising
C．sharing D．commenting
解析：选C　结合语境可知，作者在跟丈夫说话时把自己看到的文章分享(sharing)给了他。
21．A.reminder B．chance
C．promise D．reason
解析：选B　根据下文的“It wasn't easy for us to ask for help ...Someone then offered a hand”可知，几年前，作者一家曾得到了别人的帮助，所以Larry认为这也是一个传递爱的机会(chance)。
22．A.unemployed B．disconnected
C．sick D．alone
解析：选A　根据下文的“losing sources of income”可知，作者和Larry在他们的孩子还小的时候失业了，失去了经济来源。
23．A.managed B．intended
C．refused D．failed
解析：选D　根据上文的“losing sources of income”和下文的“Someone then offered a hand”可知，作者他们无法支付任何账单。fail “未能(做到)”。
24．A.independence B．generosity
C．responsibility D．insistence
解析：选A　根据上文的“It wasn't easy for us to ask for help, as we'd been brought up on principles”可知，作者和丈夫从小都被教导要恪守独立自主的生活准则，因此对他们来说向人求助不是一件容易的事。independence “自主，自立”。
25．A.cook B．provide C．reserve D．afford
解析：选D　根据上文的“for they had no money to pay”可知，作者想要帮助支付 (afford) 不起学校午餐的孩子。
26．A.touched B．surprised C．excited D．afford
解析：选B　结合语境可知，负责人一开始很惊讶(surprised)，然后很高兴。
27．A.decision B．priority C．difference D．push
解析：选C　作者的捐赠会给很多孩子带来巨大影响。make a difference表示“起作用；有影响”。
28．A.Probably B．Obviously
C．Generally D．Hopefully
解析：选B　作者和丈夫为对方准备的新年礼物是帮助贫困孩子，所以他们房间里的礼物显然没有之前多了，但这是他们最好的新年之一。obviously “显然，明显地”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
China's Wukong, a __1__ (full) autonomous submersible(潜水器)that was developed by Harbin Engineering University, has reached a maximum underwater depth of 7,709 metres, __2__ (set) a new diving record for domestic autonomous underwater vehicles.
Wukong returned to its home port of Qingdao, Shandong Province on Thursday after completing __3__ third phase of its deep­sea trial.
During this year's deep­sea scientific expedition (探险) in the Western Pacific Ocean __4__ (organise) by the National Deep Sea Centre of China from February 24 to April 1, Wukong had successfully reached a maximum deep­sea diving depth record of 7,709 metres, __5__ broke its previous record of 5,213 metres.
Capable __6__ full­ocean depth, it dived 5,000 metres and 7,000 metres respectively during the sea trials and retrieved (回收) water samples, laying a solid __7__ (found) for 11,000­metre submersible tests.This is the second __8__ (deep)record in the world after the one set by the Russian Vityaz­DAUV.
Wukong, 2 metres long, 1 metre wide and 1.3 tons in weight, completed two sea trials at a 1,500­metre depth in 2019.
Autonomous underwater vehicles __9__ (see) as one of the key emerging technologies in future naval warfare.But so far the complexity of this solution __10__ (mean) that no country in the world has fielded them operationally.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国哈尔滨工程大学研制“悟空”号全自动潜水器创下了国内自主潜水器的潜水新纪录。
1．fully　考查副词。修饰形容词autonomous要用副词fully。
2．setting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为has reached，和空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且set和其逻辑主语China's Wukong之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
3．the　考查冠词。修饰序数词third要用定冠词the。
4．organised　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为had reached，和空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且organise和其逻辑主语expedition之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。
5．which　考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词record of 7,709 meters，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导。
6．of　考查介词。表示“能够做某事”为be capable of，所以空处用介词of。
7．foundation　考查名词。 分析可知，此处形容词solid修饰名词，表示“基础”为foundation，且前面有冠词a修饰，应用单数。
8．deepest　考查形容词最高级。这是继俄罗斯Vityaz­DAUV之后的世界第二深的记录。 所以second 后跟deep的最高级形式。
9．are seen　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析可知，句子表达的是现在的情况，且主语Autonomous underwater vehicles和谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也要用复数。
10．has meant　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析可知，mean这一动作从过去持续到现在，有可能持续下去，所以用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，the complexity为主语，故谓语用单数形式。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你刚刚做了一个关于“保护海洋”的科学课题，请给英国朋友Jim写信向他介绍相关内容：
1．目前海洋面临的问题；
2．问题出现的原因；
3．解决措施。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
　
参考范文：
Dear Jim，
How is everything going there?
Recently, I just have finished my science subject which is about Ocean Conservancy.It is said that our oceans are facing unprecedented pollution.Abundant marine resources are being depleted, and artificial waste kills countless ocean lives every year.
There are two main reasons for these problems.First of all, the discharge of untreated industrial waste water from coastal industries is the main cause of serious pollution of coastal marine water quality.Second, overfishing in the fishing industry destroys the ocean life chain.Therefore, I think the government should strengthen the supervision of the coastal enterprises and set up the closed season to ensure the fish breeding.
Yours，
Li Hua