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人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精练
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精练，共17页。试卷主要包含了答案 D 地震导致房屋倒塌等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2019新人教高中英语必修一Unit4单元综合测评
选择题部分
第一部分 听力略
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
On my first day of high school，I asked an eleventh-grader where my class was.And he told me it was “on the fourth floor，next to the pool.” I found out five minutes later that we don’t even have a fourth floor and there’s no pool either！Besides that，I didn’t have any trouble with the older kid.
I think the biggest difference between middle and high school is the homework load (工作量) and size of the school.I went from maybe fifteen minutes of homework a night to several hours，so I had to learn how to make full use of time！Our class size is around 550，but joining in clubs，sports，music，and other activities at school makes it easier to get to know people in every grade.
The best advice I can give about the years you spend in high school is to learn things for yourself，not just to get a good grade.There have been so many tests that I’ve prepared for the night before.I have gotten an A，and not remembered anything later.I’ve changed that this year，and I enjoy school so much more.Don’t take easy classes just to have a simple year.If you have a choice between chemistry and sports，the first will prove to be a lot more useful!
While drinking and smoking might be present in some middle schools，they’re also around in high schools.I have a lot of friends who promised they’d never drink or smoke，but are now partying every weekend.If you have “fun” and spend your nights wasted instead of studying，you will regret it when you’re applying for (申请) college.The“friends” who say you’re a loser for not partying are really not your friends at all.It’s hard to see your closest friends grow apart and go in different directions，but don’t follow their footsteps.Create your own path in life and make your own decisions.
21.What does the author think of high school?
A.It requires hard work.
B.There are very few activities.
C.It’s hard to meet new people there.
D.There isn’t enough time for homework.
22.The author advises high school students to .
A.give up sports
B.choose useful classes
C.try their best to get good grades
D.get ready for tests the night before
23.The last paragraph mainly tells us .
A.about the trouble caused by drinking and smoking
B.about the importance of making friends
C.not to go to any party in high school
D.not to lose ourselves in high school
B
As a kid, Joanna Buckley wasn't interested in science—until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set as a gift.
“Over the course of a few weeks, I'd completed every experiment. But in the process, I polluted my parent's dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner,” she says.
Now science is Buckley's job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realize, firsthand, how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great，” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley's athome experiments. That's because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers.
“Compared with a oneoff experiment, what's cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose，” says Amy Prunuske, who teaches microbiology and immunology at a medical college. “Students want to do a good job, because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”
Jennifer Long's job is to coordinate (协调) education and outreach. She agrees with Prunuske. “Kids like that it's real. And they like that it's important, and that it matters.” Citizen science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizen science projects helped scientists learn where monarch butterflies go every winter.
Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. They hope that fun, exciting citizen science projects can help them keep engaged, Long says. And she has some evidence that it's working. “Last year, we did have a couple of students say, ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now’．”
24．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A．To show experiments can make teens interested in science.
B．To prove failure is the mother of success in science.
C．To state that Buckley has a talent for science.
D．To praise Buckley for her strong will.
25．Why is citizen science more fun?
A．It needs to seek for new solutions.
B．It carries out experiments frequently.
C．It must carry out experiments in groups.
D．It is supposed to handle complex problems.
26．What can we know from what Prunuske said?
A．She participated in the experiment.
B．She took pride in what students took up.
C．Citizen science is popular with students.
D．Scientists are willing to employ students.
27．What is Long's attitude towards citizen science?
A．Concerned. B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
C
Earthquakes strike suddenly at any time of the day or night，but there’s no way to tell when.If an earthquake happens，it may cause many deaths，injuries and damage.So you need a good preparation ahead of time.Decide how and where your family will get together if separated.Choose an out-of-state friend or relative that the family members can call after the quake to report where they are and how they are.Know the safe places in each room：under the strong tables，desks，or against inside walls.Keep enough food，water and other things，including a flashlight，a radio，medicines and clothing.
During the earthquake，you should keep a clear head and never be too nervous to know what to do.Protect your head and neck with your arms.If possible，take a book，a pillow or any other things to protect yourself from falling glass and ruins.If you are indoors，you must immediately lie under any strong furniture.If outdoors，move to an open area away from trees，buildings，walls or power poles.If you are in a narrow valley，move to the centre of it and look up for falling stones.If you are in a car，move to the side of the road and stop the car.Do not stop near buildings，power lines or on or under bridges.Stay in your car until the shaking stops.
Do not move a badly injured person unless he is in great danger after the earthquake.Do not use the telephone immediately unless there is a serious injury or fire.Turn on your radio for instructions and news reports.Be prepared for aftershocks.If you want to leave your home，post a message inside your home telling your family members where you can be found.
28.To prepare for an earthquake，we should make sure of .
A.when an earthquake may happen
B.the place where we can find our family
C.how to receive instructions and news reports
D.the money with which we can buy food and water
29.If we are driving when an earthquake happens，we should .
A.find a strong building to hide in
B.leave the car as soon as possible
C.go on driving quickly to leave the area
D.move to the side of the road and stop there
30.From the passage，we know that during an earthquake .
A.we should keep calm and know what to do clearly
B.the trees and walls can protect us if we are outdoors
C.we should protect our necks with a pillow or a book
D.falling glass can be used to help us
31.After an earthquake，we should .
A.move an injured person quickly
B.use the telephone immediately
C.turn on the TV to get news reports
D.leave a message before leaving home
D
Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike, researchers have discovered. Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it. Gabriele Berberich of the University of DuisburgEssen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to Live Science.
Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to build their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15,000 mounds (土堆) lining the faults. These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes.
Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity, Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the clock for three years. They found that the ants' behavior changed only when the quake was over magnitude (震级) 2. There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period, and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes over magnitude 2 only.
According to Berberich, normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc. during the day and resting in the night. But before an earthquake, the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it. This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake, Berberich told a news conference, according to Live Science.
How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earth's magnetic fields (磁场). “Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields，” she said. Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes.
32．What's the meaning of the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 1?
A．Form. B．Avoid.
C．Recover. D．Improve.
33．What's the function of the first paragraph?
A．To lead to the main topic.
B．To describe a new species of ant.
C．To introduce a famous researcher.
D．To tell how to predict an earthquake.
34．What happens to the ants before an earthquake?
A．They have no appetite.
B．They are too excited to rest.
C．They get lost on their way home.
D．They refuse to go inside their nests.
35．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes.
B．The result of the research is completely reliable.
C．Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes.
D．Researchers don't know how ants predict earthquakes.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be a Good Listener in Class
Being a good student means being a good listener. Whether you're a young student or entering college, it's important to learn to pay attention in class and take good notes that will help you succeed. __36__.
Be prepared for class
When it's time to go to class, make sure you've got everything that you need ready to go, so you won't have to miss anything because you're struggling to catch up. __37__. In general, you need to make sure you have, for each class: notebooks, pencils already sharpened or pens that work well, books needed for class, assignments that are due and specialty stuff for a particular class.
Look at the teacher
__38__. When your teacher is talking, your eyes should be to the front. Don't look out of the window, or at the kids next to you, or at the phone you're trying to hide under your desk. Look at your teacher and what is being presented.
__39__
Concentrate on understanding the broad concepts, and don't try to catch every single word. Listen for key words and concepts that your teacher mentions, and pay attention to what's written on the board. Anything that the teacher takes the time to write down on the board is extremely important. Also, anything that is repeated multiple times is very important.
Take good notes
Have a different notebook for each class, and have some pencils or pens ready to go when you want to take notes. __40__. It's not necessary to have a total record of everything your teacher says. As long as you try to keep up and write down important ideas, taking notes is a good way of paying attention in class.
A．Listen to important ideas
B．Remember what you hear
C．Only write down key words
D．Good listening starts with good watching
E．Have good notetaking materials ready to go
F．Learn to listen well and set yourself up for success by staying focused
G．You'll miss part of a lecture if you're trying to finish your homework before class starts
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Earthquakes are common；thousands of them happen each day.But most are too 41 to feel.During a 42 earthquake，there is often a great noise first.Then the earth 43 terribly and many houses 44 down.Railway tracks break and trains go 45 lines; a great many factories are 46 ；thousands of deaths are caused，and many more lose homes... 47 the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake 48 ，other disasters such as fires often 49 .More buildings are destroyed and more 50 caused.
Man knows the 51 of a possible earthquake，and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes.More than 2，000 years ago， 52 ，a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng 53 a machine which could find out from which 54 the seismic waves had come，and this machine is still 55 by scientists today.Now we know much more about earthquakes and 56 they happen，but we still cannot 57 exactly when and where an earthquake will happen，and cannot 58 it from happening.So earthquakes are among the 59 disasters in the world.
No one can stop natural earthquakes. 60 ，scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.
41.A.extreme B.weak
C.frightening D.frequent
42.A.real B.exact
C.big D.small
43.A.moves B.shakes
C.jumps D.breaks
44.A.get B.put
C.set D.fall
45.A.off B.on
C.into D.behind
46.A.burst B.struck
C.destroyed D.buried
47.A.Except B.Besides
C.Instead of D.Because of
48.A.lonely B.later
C.themselves D.itself
49.A.follow B.copy
C.come D.enter
50.A.quakes B.deaths
C.difficulties D.results
51.A.information B.questions
C.dangers D.frights
52.A.as a result B.in fact
C.for example D.as well
53.A.invented B.discovered
C.found D.bought
54.A.nation B.direction
C.item D.pace
55.A.improved B.repaired
C.protected D.used
56.A.where B.when
C.what D.why
57.A.persuade B.tell
C.express D.point
58.A.frighten B.prepare
C.prevent D.rescue
59.A.worst B.best
C.most D.fastest
60.A.However B.But
C.And D.So
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Living beside an active volcano(火山) means that small earthquakes are not unusual.Everybody here knows 61. they feel like，and they come 62.__________no surprise to the local people.For me，they’re a little different，though.
What do you do when there’s an earthquake？Most people would try to leave the building.I live on 63. third floor of a flat with several more stores above me—nobody wants 64. (trap) under that after an earthquake.I guess，if an earthquake came，I would probably just panic rather than think about what I need to do，such as hiding somewhere or 65. (run) out of the building.
I had never felt an earthquake until last week.There was a small earthquake 66._____________ could hardly even be called an earthquake.I was not really 67.______________(frighten).To feel the earth move like that was just strange.Of course，it 68. (last) only a few seconds.I have spoken to the local people since the event and 69. (luck)，there were no injuries or damage 70.______________(do) by it.But if it had been a real earthquake，I think I would have felt quite differently.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2． 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On Mother's Day, Tom stopped his car outside a flower's shop. He wanted to order some nice flowers and ask a shop to deliver them to his mother. He was about to enter the shop while he saw a little girl crying by the roadside. Tom asked her for what had happened. The girl said she wanted to buy a rose for her mother, and had no money. Hearing this, Tom went in and bought a beautifully rose for the girl. Then he offered to drive her home, but she insisted she was going to another town by bus to send the rose to mother. Tom was so touching that he changed his mind. After driving her to the bus station, he returned to the shop, buy a large bunch of flowers, and drove all the way to his mother's. He would give the flowers to his mother with person.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震。请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：
1.询问王林及其家人是否安好；
2.得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3.愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：1.词数100左右(信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Wang Lin，
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Tom
【参考答案】
A
语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了高中生活。
21.答案 A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述“进入高中，每晚要写几个小时的作业”可知，作者觉得高中学习生活很辛苦。]
22.答案 B [细节理解题。根据第三段的“If you have a choice between...a lot more useful！”可知，作者建议高中生选择有用的课程。]
23.答案 D 段落大意题。作者的一些朋友上了高中后开始抽烟喝酒、虚度时光，作者觉得要和这些所谓的朋友断绝往来，把握好自己的人生，不要重蹈他们的覆辙。由此可知，最后一段主要告诉我们在高中几年的学习生活中，不要迷失了自我。
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——公众科学
语篇解读: 文章主要介绍了公众科学的用处——它寻找新的解决方法并让学生们爱上科学。
24．答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。第一段第一句表述Buckley小时候在没尝试之前对科学不感兴趣；根据第三段中的“Now science is Buckley's job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England”可知，Buckley成功进入科学领域。结合第二段内容可知，在得到了实验工具后，Buckley完成了每一个实验。由此可知，第二段旨在表明青少年进行实验能让他们对科学感兴趣，故A项正确。
25．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“That's because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers”可知，这是因为这些实验是真实的，在寻找新奇的解决方法。由此可知，公众科学更有趣的是它需要寻找新的解决方法，故A项正确。
26．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第五段第一句中Prunuske所说的话“‘Compared with a oneoff experiment, what's cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose’”可知，与一次性的实验相比，公众科学很棒，学生们明白这是有用途的。由此可知，公众科学受到学生们的欢迎，故C项正确。
27．答案与解析：B 考查观点态度。根据尾段内容可知，Long有证据证明公众科学是有效的，因为有学生说现在想要成为一名科学家。由此可知，Long对公众科学持支持的态度，故B项正确。
C
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了人们在地震前、地震中和地震后应该做的事情。
28.答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，要提前确定地震后家人会合的地点，故B项正确。
29.答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，如果发生地震时你在开车，要把车开到路边停下，所以D项正确。
30.答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，地震时，要保持头脑冷静，不能因为太紧张而不知所措，故正确答案为A项。
31.答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，地震后，在离开家之前，要留下信息告诉家人去哪里能找到你，故D项正确。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范——蚂蚁能预知地震
语篇解读 研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场的细胞。
32．答案与解析：C 考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句“Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it”和第四段第三句“This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake”可知，“resume”含义与“恢复正常”有关，故选C项。
33．答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，文章第一段第一至二句表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则详细叙述了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题，故选A。
34．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“But before an earthquake, the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴，故选D项。
35．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“How do ants know an earthquake is coming？”可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因，结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，我们可以得出这样一个结论，即蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化，故选C项。
七选五：
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——教育——高效听课的技巧
语篇解读：文章介绍了高效听课的技巧：课前充分准备，上课时目光紧跟老师，学会听重点，做好上课笔记。
36．答案与解析：F 考查承上启下句。F项中的“Learn to listen well”和本文标题对应，“set yourself up for success”和该空前的“help you succeed”对应，“staying focused”和该空空前的“pay attention in class”对应，故F项点明要学会高效听课，保持专注，为成功做准备，同时引出下文介绍高效听课的具体技巧。
37．答案与解析：G 考查细节支撑句。根据本段的小标题和空前的句子可知，G项“如果你试图在课程开始前才完成你的作业，你将错过部分的(正式上课前的)演讲”承接上文，符合语境。
38．答案与解析：D 考查段落主旨句。根据本段小标题和空后的内容可知，本段主要介绍第二个技巧：上课时目光要紧跟老师。故D项“高效的听课始于好的注视”与小标题呼应，同时还能统领下文。
39．答案与解析：A 考查段落主旨句。根据该部分的内容可知，本段主要介绍上课时要学会听重点，不要试图去理解每一个单词，故A项作本段小标题最佳。
40．答案与解析：C 考查细节支撑句。根据下文的“It's not necessary to have a total record of everything your teacher says. As long as...important ideas”可知，C项“只记录关键词”符合语境。
完型填空：
语篇解读：地震是常见的，会给人们带来很大的灾难。现在我们已经了解许多关于地震发生的原因，但我们仍然不知道究竟在何时何地会发生地震，并不能阻止这一切的发生。
41.答案 B 有些地震太弱了，以至于人们感觉不到。
42.答案 C 根据其后的“there is often a great noise first”可推知应选big。
43.答案 B 由常识可知，发生地震时，地面在晃动(shake)。
44.答案 D 地震导致房屋倒塌(fall down)。get down“下来”；put down“放下”；set down“记下，写下”。
45.答案 A 由“railway tracks break”可知，铁轨断了，火车出轨(off)了。
46.答案 C 工厂被破坏(destroyed)。burst“爆发”；strike“袭击，攻击”；bury“埋”，均不符合句意。
47.答案 B 由第43空后的other disasters可知“除了”地震造成的损失之外，还有别的灾难，故B项正确。
48.答案 D 与后面的火灾相对应，强调地震“本身”造成的破坏。
49.答案 A 此处表示伴随地震而来的灾害，用follow“跟着”。
50.答案 B 地震引发的其他灾害造成更多的房屋倒塌和人员死亡。
51.答案 C 由常识可知，地震是很危险的。
52.答案 C 下面是作者的举例，说明人们为预测地震所做的研究，故选C项。
53.答案 A invent指发明原来世上不存在的东西或事物，符合句意。discover“发现”；find“发现，找到”；buy“买”。
54.答案 B 张衡发明的地动仪能够根据地震波来的方向测定地震的方向。direction“方向”。
55.答案 D 现代的科学家仍然在“使用”张衡发明的地动仪。由still可知D项正确。
56.答案 D 由后面的when and where判断，此空选why。
57.答案 B tell“说明白，讲清楚”。
58.答案 C 我们已经研究出为什么会发生地震，但无法预测它什么时间，在哪里发生，也无法阻止它发生。prevent...from doing...“阻止……做……”。
59.答案 A worst“最坏的”；best“最好的”；most“最多的”；fastest“最快的”。由于无法准确预测地震何时何地发生，故认为其是严重的灾难之一。
60.答案 A 前后句存在转折关系，but表示转折时不用逗号与其后内容隔开。
语法填空：
61. what设空处引导宾语从句，且作介词like的宾语，故填what。
62.as come as no surprise意为“来得不稀奇，发生在意料之中”。
63.the 序数词前应用定冠词限定，故填the。
64.to be trapped want后跟带to的不定式作宾语，因trap与nobody之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填to be trapped。
65.running 设空处与hiding somewhere并列作such as的宾语，故填running。
66.that/which 设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词earthquake，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
67.frightened 设空处作表语，表示“受惊吓的”，故填frightened。
68.lasted 由语境可知，此处描述的是发生在上周的事情，应用一般过去时，故填lasted。
69.luckily 设空处作状语修饰分句there were no injuries...by it，故填luckily。
70.done 设空处作后置定语修饰injuries or damage，因do与injuries or damage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填done。
短文改错：
On Mother's Day, Tom stopped his car outside a shop. He wanted to order some nice flowers and ask shop to deliver them to his mother. He was about to enter the shop he saw a little girl crying by the roadside. Tom asked her for what had happened. The girl said she wanted to buy a rose for her mother,
④
had no money. Hearing this, Tom went in and bought a rose for the girl. Then he offered to drive her home, but she insisted she was going to another town by bus to send the rose to mother. Tom was so that he changed his mind. After driving her to the bus station, he returned to the shop, a large bunch of flowers, and drove all the way to his mother's. He would give the flowers to his mother person.
书面表达：
Dear Wang Lin，
How are you doing？When I watched the news on TV，I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city.I was really concerned about you and your family.
I’m so sorry to hear about the disaster.It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured.What’s worse，20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down.I hope that none of your family members was injured.
Please don’t be worried.Everything will be fine.If you need any help，please let me know.As one of your best friends，I will do what I can to help you.
Yours sincerely，
Tom
2019新人教高中英语必修一Unit4单元综合测评
选择题部分
第一部分 听力略
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
On my first day of high school，I asked an eleventh-grader where my class was.And he told me it was “on the fourth floor，next to the pool.” I found out five minutes later that we don’t even have a fourth floor and there’s no pool either！Besides that，I didn’t have any trouble with the older kid.
I think the biggest difference between middle and high school is the homework load (工作量) and size of the school.I went from maybe fifteen minutes of homework a night to several hours，so I had to learn how to make full use of time！Our class size is around 550，but joining in clubs，sports，music，and other activities at school makes it easier to get to know people in every grade.
The best advice I can give about the years you spend in high school is to learn things for yourself，not just to get a good grade.There have been so many tests that I’ve prepared for the night before.I have gotten an A，and not remembered anything later.I’ve changed that this year，and I enjoy school so much more.Don’t take easy classes just to have a simple year.If you have a choice between chemistry and sports，the first will prove to be a lot more useful!
While drinking and smoking might be present in some middle schools，they’re also around in high schools.I have a lot of friends who promised they’d never drink or smoke，but are now partying every weekend.If you have “fun” and spend your nights wasted instead of studying，you will regret it when you’re applying for (申请) college.The“friends” who say you’re a loser for not partying are really not your friends at all.It’s hard to see your closest friends grow apart and go in different directions，but don’t follow their footsteps.Create your own path in life and make your own decisions.
21.What does the author think of high school?
A.It requires hard work.
B.There are very few activities.
C.It’s hard to meet new people there.
D.There isn’t enough time for homework.
22.The author advises high school students to .
A.give up sports
B.choose useful classes
C.try their best to get good grades
D.get ready for tests the night before
23.The last paragraph mainly tells us .
A.about the trouble caused by drinking and smoking
B.about the importance of making friends
C.not to go to any party in high school
D.not to lose ourselves in high school
B
As a kid, Joanna Buckley wasn't interested in science—until she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set as a gift.
“Over the course of a few weeks, I'd completed every experiment. But in the process, I polluted my parent's dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner,” she says.
Now science is Buckley's job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realize, firsthand, how important it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great，” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckley's athome experiments. That's because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers.
“Compared with a oneoff experiment, what's cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose，” says Amy Prunuske, who teaches microbiology and immunology at a medical college. “Students want to do a good job, because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their own research.”
Jennifer Long's job is to coordinate (协调) education and outreach. She agrees with Prunuske. “Kids like that it's real. And they like that it's important, and that it matters.” Citizen science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another project helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan. And one of the first citizen science projects helped scientists learn where monarch butterflies go every winter.
Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science. They hope that fun, exciting citizen science projects can help them keep engaged, Long says. And she has some evidence that it's working. “Last year, we did have a couple of students say, ‘I really think I want to be a scientist now’．”
24．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A．To show experiments can make teens interested in science.
B．To prove failure is the mother of success in science.
C．To state that Buckley has a talent for science.
D．To praise Buckley for her strong will.
25．Why is citizen science more fun?
A．It needs to seek for new solutions.
B．It carries out experiments frequently.
C．It must carry out experiments in groups.
D．It is supposed to handle complex problems.
26．What can we know from what Prunuske said?
A．She participated in the experiment.
B．She took pride in what students took up.
C．Citizen science is popular with students.
D．Scientists are willing to employ students.
27．What is Long's attitude towards citizen science?
A．Concerned. B．Supportive.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
C
Earthquakes strike suddenly at any time of the day or night，but there’s no way to tell when.If an earthquake happens，it may cause many deaths，injuries and damage.So you need a good preparation ahead of time.Decide how and where your family will get together if separated.Choose an out-of-state friend or relative that the family members can call after the quake to report where they are and how they are.Know the safe places in each room：under the strong tables，desks，or against inside walls.Keep enough food，water and other things，including a flashlight，a radio，medicines and clothing.
During the earthquake，you should keep a clear head and never be too nervous to know what to do.Protect your head and neck with your arms.If possible，take a book，a pillow or any other things to protect yourself from falling glass and ruins.If you are indoors，you must immediately lie under any strong furniture.If outdoors，move to an open area away from trees，buildings，walls or power poles.If you are in a narrow valley，move to the centre of it and look up for falling stones.If you are in a car，move to the side of the road and stop the car.Do not stop near buildings，power lines or on or under bridges.Stay in your car until the shaking stops.
Do not move a badly injured person unless he is in great danger after the earthquake.Do not use the telephone immediately unless there is a serious injury or fire.Turn on your radio for instructions and news reports.Be prepared for aftershocks.If you want to leave your home，post a message inside your home telling your family members where you can be found.
28.To prepare for an earthquake，we should make sure of .
A.when an earthquake may happen
B.the place where we can find our family
C.how to receive instructions and news reports
D.the money with which we can buy food and water
29.If we are driving when an earthquake happens，we should .
A.find a strong building to hide in
B.leave the car as soon as possible
C.go on driving quickly to leave the area
D.move to the side of the road and stop there
30.From the passage，we know that during an earthquake .
A.we should keep calm and know what to do clearly
B.the trees and walls can protect us if we are outdoors
C.we should protect our necks with a pillow or a book
D.falling glass can be used to help us
31.After an earthquake，we should .
A.move an injured person quickly
B.use the telephone immediately
C.turn on the TV to get news reports
D.leave a message before leaving home
D
Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike, researchers have discovered. Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it. Gabriele Berberich of the University of DuisburgEssen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to Live Science.
Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to build their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15,000 mounds (土堆) lining the faults. These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes.
Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity, Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the clock for three years. They found that the ants' behavior changed only when the quake was over magnitude (震级) 2. There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period, and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes over magnitude 2 only.
According to Berberich, normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc. during the day and resting in the night. But before an earthquake, the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it. This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake, Berberich told a news conference, according to Live Science.
How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earth's magnetic fields (磁场). “Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels. They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields，” she said. Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes.
32．What's the meaning of the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 1?
A．Form. B．Avoid.
C．Recover. D．Improve.
33．What's the function of the first paragraph?
A．To lead to the main topic.
B．To describe a new species of ant.
C．To introduce a famous researcher.
D．To tell how to predict an earthquake.
34．What happens to the ants before an earthquake?
A．They have no appetite.
B．They are too excited to rest.
C．They get lost on their way home.
D．They refuse to go inside their nests.
35．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes.
B．The result of the research is completely reliable.
C．Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes.
D．Researchers don't know how ants predict earthquakes.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Be a Good Listener in Class
Being a good student means being a good listener. Whether you're a young student or entering college, it's important to learn to pay attention in class and take good notes that will help you succeed. __36__.
Be prepared for class
When it's time to go to class, make sure you've got everything that you need ready to go, so you won't have to miss anything because you're struggling to catch up. __37__. In general, you need to make sure you have, for each class: notebooks, pencils already sharpened or pens that work well, books needed for class, assignments that are due and specialty stuff for a particular class.
Look at the teacher
__38__. When your teacher is talking, your eyes should be to the front. Don't look out of the window, or at the kids next to you, or at the phone you're trying to hide under your desk. Look at your teacher and what is being presented.
__39__
Concentrate on understanding the broad concepts, and don't try to catch every single word. Listen for key words and concepts that your teacher mentions, and pay attention to what's written on the board. Anything that the teacher takes the time to write down on the board is extremely important. Also, anything that is repeated multiple times is very important.
Take good notes
Have a different notebook for each class, and have some pencils or pens ready to go when you want to take notes. __40__. It's not necessary to have a total record of everything your teacher says. As long as you try to keep up and write down important ideas, taking notes is a good way of paying attention in class.
A．Listen to important ideas
B．Remember what you hear
C．Only write down key words
D．Good listening starts with good watching
E．Have good notetaking materials ready to go
F．Learn to listen well and set yourself up for success by staying focused
G．You'll miss part of a lecture if you're trying to finish your homework before class starts
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Earthquakes are common；thousands of them happen each day.But most are too 41 to feel.During a 42 earthquake，there is often a great noise first.Then the earth 43 terribly and many houses 44 down.Railway tracks break and trains go 45 lines; a great many factories are 46 ；thousands of deaths are caused，and many more lose homes... 47 the great damage and deaths caused by the earthquake 48 ，other disasters such as fires often 49 .More buildings are destroyed and more 50 caused.
Man knows the 51 of a possible earthquake，and for centuries man has been making researches on earthquakes.More than 2，000 years ago， 52 ，a Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng 53 a machine which could find out from which 54 the seismic waves had come，and this machine is still 55 by scientists today.Now we know much more about earthquakes and 56 they happen，but we still cannot 57 exactly when and where an earthquake will happen，and cannot 58 it from happening.So earthquakes are among the 59 disasters in the world.
No one can stop natural earthquakes. 60 ，scientists can help stop earthquakes destroying whole cities and causing too many deaths.
41.A.extreme B.weak
C.frightening D.frequent
42.A.real B.exact
C.big D.small
43.A.moves B.shakes
C.jumps D.breaks
44.A.get B.put
C.set D.fall
45.A.off B.on
C.into D.behind
46.A.burst B.struck
C.destroyed D.buried
47.A.Except B.Besides
C.Instead of D.Because of
48.A.lonely B.later
C.themselves D.itself
49.A.follow B.copy
C.come D.enter
50.A.quakes B.deaths
C.difficulties D.results
51.A.information B.questions
C.dangers D.frights
52.A.as a result B.in fact
C.for example D.as well
53.A.invented B.discovered
C.found D.bought
54.A.nation B.direction
C.item D.pace
55.A.improved B.repaired
C.protected D.used
56.A.where B.when
C.what D.why
57.A.persuade B.tell
C.express D.point
58.A.frighten B.prepare
C.prevent D.rescue
59.A.worst B.best
C.most D.fastest
60.A.However B.But
C.And D.So
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Living beside an active volcano(火山) means that small earthquakes are not unusual.Everybody here knows 61. they feel like，and they come 62.__________no surprise to the local people.For me，they’re a little different，though.
What do you do when there’s an earthquake？Most people would try to leave the building.I live on 63. third floor of a flat with several more stores above me—nobody wants 64. (trap) under that after an earthquake.I guess，if an earthquake came，I would probably just panic rather than think about what I need to do，such as hiding somewhere or 65. (run) out of the building.
I had never felt an earthquake until last week.There was a small earthquake 66._____________ could hardly even be called an earthquake.I was not really 67.______________(frighten).To feel the earth move like that was just strange.Of course，it 68. (last) only a few seconds.I have spoken to the local people since the event and 69. (luck)，there were no injuries or damage 70.______________(do) by it.But if it had been a real earthquake，I think I would have felt quite differently.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2． 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
On Mother's Day, Tom stopped his car outside a flower's shop. He wanted to order some nice flowers and ask a shop to deliver them to his mother. He was about to enter the shop while he saw a little girl crying by the roadside. Tom asked her for what had happened. The girl said she wanted to buy a rose for her mother, and had no money. Hearing this, Tom went in and bought a beautifully rose for the girl. Then he offered to drive her home, but she insisted she was going to another town by bus to send the rose to mother. Tom was so touching that he changed his mind. After driving her to the bus station, he returned to the shop, buy a large bunch of flowers, and drove all the way to his mother's. He would give the flowers to his mother with person.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震。请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：
1.询问王林及其家人是否安好；
2.得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3.愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：1.词数100左右(信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Wang Lin，
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Tom
【参考答案】
A
语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了高中生活。
21.答案 A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述“进入高中，每晚要写几个小时的作业”可知，作者觉得高中学习生活很辛苦。]
22.答案 B [细节理解题。根据第三段的“If you have a choice between...a lot more useful！”可知，作者建议高中生选择有用的课程。]
23.答案 D 段落大意题。作者的一些朋友上了高中后开始抽烟喝酒、虚度时光，作者觉得要和这些所谓的朋友断绝往来，把握好自己的人生，不要重蹈他们的覆辙。由此可知，最后一段主要告诉我们在高中几年的学习生活中，不要迷失了自我。
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——公众科学
语篇解读: 文章主要介绍了公众科学的用处——它寻找新的解决方法并让学生们爱上科学。
24．答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。第一段第一句表述Buckley小时候在没尝试之前对科学不感兴趣；根据第三段中的“Now science is Buckley's job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England”可知，Buckley成功进入科学领域。结合第二段内容可知，在得到了实验工具后，Buckley完成了每一个实验。由此可知，第二段旨在表明青少年进行实验能让他们对科学感兴趣，故A项正确。
25．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“That's because these experiments are real, looking for novel answers”可知，这是因为这些实验是真实的，在寻找新奇的解决方法。由此可知，公众科学更有趣的是它需要寻找新的解决方法，故A项正确。
26．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第五段第一句中Prunuske所说的话“‘Compared with a oneoff experiment, what's cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose’”可知，与一次性的实验相比，公众科学很棒，学生们明白这是有用途的。由此可知，公众科学受到学生们的欢迎，故C项正确。
27．答案与解析：B 考查观点态度。根据尾段内容可知，Long有证据证明公众科学是有效的，因为有学生说现在想要成为一名科学家。由此可知，Long对公众科学持支持的态度，故B项正确。
C
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了人们在地震前、地震中和地震后应该做的事情。
28.答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句可知，要提前确定地震后家人会合的地点，故B项正确。
29.答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，如果发生地震时你在开车，要把车开到路边停下，所以D项正确。
30.答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，地震时，要保持头脑冷静，不能因为太紧张而不知所措，故正确答案为A项。
31.答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，地震后，在离开家之前，要留下信息告诉家人去哪里能找到你，故D项正确。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范——蚂蚁能预知地震
语篇解读 研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场的细胞。
32．答案与解析：C 考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句“Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it”和第四段第三句“This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake”可知，“resume”含义与“恢复正常”有关，故选C项。
33．答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，文章第一段第一至二句表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则详细叙述了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题，故选A。
34．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“But before an earthquake, the ants didn't go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴，故选D项。
35．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“How do ants know an earthquake is coming？”可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因，结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，我们可以得出这样一个结论，即蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化，故选C项。
七选五：
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——教育——高效听课的技巧
语篇解读：文章介绍了高效听课的技巧：课前充分准备，上课时目光紧跟老师，学会听重点，做好上课笔记。
36．答案与解析：F 考查承上启下句。F项中的“Learn to listen well”和本文标题对应，“set yourself up for success”和该空前的“help you succeed”对应，“staying focused”和该空空前的“pay attention in class”对应，故F项点明要学会高效听课，保持专注，为成功做准备，同时引出下文介绍高效听课的具体技巧。
37．答案与解析：G 考查细节支撑句。根据本段的小标题和空前的句子可知，G项“如果你试图在课程开始前才完成你的作业，你将错过部分的(正式上课前的)演讲”承接上文，符合语境。
38．答案与解析：D 考查段落主旨句。根据本段小标题和空后的内容可知，本段主要介绍第二个技巧：上课时目光要紧跟老师。故D项“高效的听课始于好的注视”与小标题呼应，同时还能统领下文。
39．答案与解析：A 考查段落主旨句。根据该部分的内容可知，本段主要介绍上课时要学会听重点，不要试图去理解每一个单词，故A项作本段小标题最佳。
40．答案与解析：C 考查细节支撑句。根据下文的“It's not necessary to have a total record of everything your teacher says. As long as...important ideas”可知，C项“只记录关键词”符合语境。
完型填空：
语篇解读：地震是常见的，会给人们带来很大的灾难。现在我们已经了解许多关于地震发生的原因，但我们仍然不知道究竟在何时何地会发生地震，并不能阻止这一切的发生。
41.答案 B 有些地震太弱了，以至于人们感觉不到。
42.答案 C 根据其后的“there is often a great noise first”可推知应选big。
43.答案 B 由常识可知，发生地震时，地面在晃动(shake)。
44.答案 D 地震导致房屋倒塌(fall down)。get down“下来”；put down“放下”；set down“记下，写下”。
45.答案 A 由“railway tracks break”可知，铁轨断了，火车出轨(off)了。
46.答案 C 工厂被破坏(destroyed)。burst“爆发”；strike“袭击，攻击”；bury“埋”，均不符合句意。
47.答案 B 由第43空后的other disasters可知“除了”地震造成的损失之外，还有别的灾难，故B项正确。
48.答案 D 与后面的火灾相对应，强调地震“本身”造成的破坏。
49.答案 A 此处表示伴随地震而来的灾害，用follow“跟着”。
50.答案 B 地震引发的其他灾害造成更多的房屋倒塌和人员死亡。
51.答案 C 由常识可知，地震是很危险的。
52.答案 C 下面是作者的举例，说明人们为预测地震所做的研究，故选C项。
53.答案 A invent指发明原来世上不存在的东西或事物，符合句意。discover“发现”；find“发现，找到”；buy“买”。
54.答案 B 张衡发明的地动仪能够根据地震波来的方向测定地震的方向。direction“方向”。
55.答案 D 现代的科学家仍然在“使用”张衡发明的地动仪。由still可知D项正确。
56.答案 D 由后面的when and where判断，此空选why。
57.答案 B tell“说明白，讲清楚”。
58.答案 C 我们已经研究出为什么会发生地震，但无法预测它什么时间，在哪里发生，也无法阻止它发生。prevent...from doing...“阻止……做……”。
59.答案 A worst“最坏的”；best“最好的”；most“最多的”；fastest“最快的”。由于无法准确预测地震何时何地发生，故认为其是严重的灾难之一。
60.答案 A 前后句存在转折关系，but表示转折时不用逗号与其后内容隔开。
语法填空：
61. what设空处引导宾语从句，且作介词like的宾语，故填what。
62.as come as no surprise意为“来得不稀奇，发生在意料之中”。
63.the 序数词前应用定冠词限定，故填the。
64.to be trapped want后跟带to的不定式作宾语，因trap与nobody之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填to be trapped。
65.running 设空处与hiding somewhere并列作such as的宾语，故填running。
66.that/which 设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词earthquake，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
67.frightened 设空处作表语，表示“受惊吓的”，故填frightened。
68.lasted 由语境可知，此处描述的是发生在上周的事情，应用一般过去时，故填lasted。
69.luckily 设空处作状语修饰分句there were no injuries...by it，故填luckily。
70.done 设空处作后置定语修饰injuries or damage，因do与injuries or damage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填done。
短文改错：
On Mother's Day, Tom stopped his car outside a shop. He wanted to order some nice flowers and ask shop to deliver them to his mother. He was about to enter the shop he saw a little girl crying by the roadside. Tom asked her for what had happened. The girl said she wanted to buy a rose for her mother,
④
had no money. Hearing this, Tom went in and bought a rose for the girl. Then he offered to drive her home, but she insisted she was going to another town by bus to send the rose to mother. Tom was so that he changed his mind. After driving her to the bus station, he returned to the shop, a large bunch of flowers, and drove all the way to his mother's. He would give the flowers to his mother person.
书面表达：
Dear Wang Lin，
How are you doing？When I watched the news on TV，I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city.I was really concerned about you and your family.
I’m so sorry to hear about the disaster.It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured.What’s worse，20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down.I hope that none of your family members was injured.
Please don’t be worried.Everything will be fine.If you need any help，please let me know.As one of your best friends，I will do what I can to help you.
Yours sincerely，
Tom
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