专题04 十年高考()阅读290个高频词背诵及单句填空100例-“词汇达人”备战2024年高考英语阅读完形作文词汇宝

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“词汇达人”2024年高考英语阅读完形作文词汇宝
专题04 十年高考(2014-2023)阅读290个高频词背诵及单句填空123例 教师版

目录
内容
板块一
分组背诵 化整为零
板块二
单句填空 活学活用
板块三
语篇训练 学以致用

板块一
分组背诵 化整为零
第一组 背诵版

1 abnormal 反常的, 异常的; 变态的
2 absorb 吸收
3 academic 学校的, 学院的;学术性的
4 accessible 容易取得的, 容易达到的
5 accommodation 住处(尤指短期使用的)
6 account 账户;描述, 报道;解释; 说明
7 accurate 精确的, 准确的
8 acknowledge 承认, 供认
9 acquire 获得, 得到, 养成
10 adaptable 可适应的, 可改编的
11 additional 增加的, 额外的, 另外的
12 adjust (改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正
13 admiration 钦佩; 赞赏
14 agency 经销处, 代理行;部, 处
15 aggressive 好争斗的, 挑衅的, 侵略性的
16 allowance 津贴, 补助, 零用钱
17 alter 改变, 更改
18 alternative 两者择一的, 供替代的
19 amateur 业余的, 非职业的
20 ambition 抱负, 雄心, 野心
21 analysis 分析
22 analyze 分析, 分解, 解释
23 ancestor 祖先, 祖宗
24 annoy 打扰, 干扰
25 annual 每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的
26 apparently 显然地
27 application 申请, 申请表, 申请书
28 appointment 约会, 约定;任命, 委派
29 approval 赞成, 同意
30 architect 建筑师, 设计师
31 arouse 唤醒;引起, 激发
32 as a consequence 因而,结果
33 aspect 方面;面貌, 模样, 神态
34 assess 估价, 估计;评定，核定
35 asset 资产，财产，有价值的人或物
36 assistance 帮助, 援助
37 associate (使)联合; 结交, 结伙
38 astronaut 宇航员, 太空人
39 at a loss 不知所措
40 audience 观众, 听众; 读者
41 authority 权力, 职权；官方, 当局；权威
42 available 可用的或可得到的
43 ban 取缔, 查封, 禁止；禁止, 禁令
44 barrier 栅栏,障碍, 隔阂
45 block 街区, 街段；大块；障碍(物)
46 breed 生育; 繁殖；饲养, 培养
47 budget 预算; 政府预算案
48 by design 故意地; 蓄意地
49 calculate 计算, 估计
50 calorie 卡路里, 卡(热量单位)
51 campaign 运动；战役
52 cautious 小心的, 谨慎的
53 channel 海峡；通道; 水沟, 水渠
54 characteristics 特有的, 典型的
55 charity 慈爱, 仁慈; 救济金
56 chase 追捕, 追逐
57 circulate (使)循环, (使)流通
58 circumstance 环境, 条件, 情况
59 civilization 文明, 文化
60 clue 线索, 提示
61 column 栏, 专栏(文章)
62 combination 联合体, 组合物
63 comment 评论, 意见, 解释, 批评
64 commercial 商业的, 商务的
65 community 社区, 社会, 团体；大众, 公众
66 complaint 抱怨, 诉苦；投诉, 控告
67 complicated 结构复杂的
68 composer (尤指古典音乐)作曲家
69 concentration 专心, 专注
70 concept 概念; 观念; 想法
71 confess 承认, 供认
72 conflict 冲突, 抵触, 争论
73 conscious 神志清醒的
74 consequence 结果, 后果
75 considerable 相当大(或多)的
76 constantly 不变地,经常地,坚持不懈地
77 consume 消耗, 消费, 耗尽
78 convince 使相信; 使明白
79 cooperation 合作
80 count 有价值, 有重要意义;认为, 看作
81 cover 涉及, 包含;控制, 支配
82 crash (使)猛撞, (使)撞毁
83 creativity 创造力,创造
84 credit 借款; 贷款
85 criminal 刑事的, 犯罪的
86 data 资料, 材料
87 decline 下降, 减少, 衰退
88 decoration 装饰, 装潢
89 defend 辩护; 辩解
90 define 精确地解释; 界定
91 deliver 递送, 交付
92 demonstrate 论证, 证明
93 description 描述, 形容
94 desert 舍弃, 遗弃
95 deserve应受, 应得, 值得
96 desirable 可取的, 值得拥有的, 合意的
97 destructive 破坏性的, 毁灭性的
98 device 装置, 设备, 器具
99 discipline 训练, 训导;处罚, 惩罚
100 dismiss 使退去; 解散

第二组背诵版

101 distinction 区别, 明显差别, 特征
102 distribute 散发; 散播; 分布
103 document 公文, 文件, 文献
104 domestic 国内的; 家用的;驯养的
105 drought 干旱(时期)
106 ecosystem 生态系统
107 efficient 有能力的, 效率高的
108 element 要素;基础, 纲要, 原理
109 embarrass (使)窘迫; (使)局促不安
110 emergency紧急情况,非常时刻
111 emotion 情感, 感情, 激情
112 emphasis 强调, 重点
113 endure 忍受, 忍耐, 容忍
114 enrich 使富有, 使富裕
115 entertain 款待, 招待
116 enthusiastic 满腔热情的,极感兴趣的
117 entirely 全部地, 整体地
118 essential 必不可少的, 绝对必要的
119 establish 建立, 成立
120 estimate 估计, 估价
121 evaluation 估价,评价,赋值
122 evaporate (使某物)蒸发掉
123 eventually 终于, 最后
124 evidence 证词; 证据; 迹象
125 exception 例外
126 exhausted 疲倦地
127 expense 消耗, 花费
128 explore 勘查, 探测, 勘探
129 export 出口, 输出
130 extent 长度, 面积, 范围
131 extinguish 使熄灭, 扑灭
132 extremely 极端; 极其; 非常
133 facial 面孔的; 面部用的
134 facility 设备, 设施
135 factor 因素, 要素
136 fasten 系紧, 拴牢
137 figure 数字；图表; 图案；画像, 肖像
138 finance 财政, 金融
139 flexible 灵活的, 可变通的； 柔韧的
140 frame 框架
141 funeral 葬礼, 丧礼
142 garage 车库；汽车修理站; 加油站
143 grateful 感激的, 感谢的
144 guarantee 保证; 担保
145 guilty 内疚的
146 habitat (动物的)栖息地, 住处
147 handle 处理, 应付, 对待；手柄, 把手
148 hesitate 犹豫; 踌躇
149 historian 历史学家, 史学工作者
150 hospitality 殷勤, 好客
151 identity 身份
152 ignore 不顾, 不理, 忽视
153 illegal 不合法的, 违法的
154 illustration 插图,图案；例证, 实例
155 imitate 模仿
156 immigrant 移民
157 implication 含义, 暗示, 暗指，卷入, 牵连
158 incredible 不能相信的, 不可信的
159 independent 独立的, 自主的, 自立的
160 indicate 标示, 指示, 指出
161 inhabit 居住于, 栖居于
162 inspiration 灵感；鼓舞人心的人[事物]
163 instructive 有益的, 供给知识的, 教育的
164 instructor 指导者, 教师
165 insurance 保险
166 intelligent 聪明的; 理解力强的
167 interact 相互作用[影响], 互相配合
168 interactive 一起活动或互相合作的
169 interfere 干预; 调停；妨碍
170 invaluable 无法估计的, 非常宝贵的
171 invest 投资; 花费
172 investigator 调查者; 审查者
173 involve 使参与, 牵涉
174 isolation 隔离, 与世隔绝
175 kindergarten 幼儿园
176 landscape 风景, 景色
177 layer 层, 层次
178 license 批准, 许可, 颁发执照
179 maintain 保持; 继续；坚持; 主张
180 manufacturer 制造商, 制造厂
181 mathematical 数学的, 数学上的；精确的
182 maximum 最大值的, 最大量的
183 meanwhile 同时; 其间
184 memorize 记住, 熟记
185 mental 精神的, 头脑的, 心理的
186 merely 仅仅, 只不过
187 migrate 迁移; 移往
188 motivate 作为…的动机; 激发; 诱发
189 negative 消极的, 非建设性的
190 neglect 疏忽; 忽略; 遗漏
191 nevertheless 仍然, 然而, 不过
192 objective 客观的; 不带偏见的
193 occasional 偶尔的, 不经常的
194 optimistic 乐观的, 乐观主义的
195 original 起初的; 原来的
196 overcome 战胜; 克服
197 overwhelming 势不可挡的,巨大的
198 panic 恐慌, 惊慌, 慌乱
199 participant 参加者, 参与者
200 passive 被动的; 消极的; 不抵抗的

第三组背诵版

201 peculiar 奇怪的, 异常的
202 permanent 永久(性)的, 固定的
203 persuasive 能说服的; 善于游说的
204 physically 身体上地；健康地
205 potential 潜在的, 有可能的
206 preserve 保护
207 privacy 私事, 隐私
208 profit 利润, 收益, 赢利
209 prohibit 禁止; 阻止
210 promote 提升, 提拔
211 prosperity 兴旺, 繁荣
212 psychologist 心理学研究者; 心理学家
213 purchase 购买
214 rarely 不常, 很少地, 难得地
215 reaction 反应; 回应
216 realistic 现实的,现实主义的
217 recognition 认识; 认出; 承认
218 register 记录; 登记; 注册
219 relatively 相关地
220 release 发布; 发行; 发售
221 relevant 有关的, 切题的
222 reliable 可靠的, 可信赖的
223 remark 话语, 评论
224 reputation 名气, 名声, 名誉
225 rescue 营救, 救援
226 reservation 预订；保留意见; 保留态度
227 resist 抵抗; 对抗
228 resolve 决定; 决心
229 resume 履历
230 rhythm 节奏, 韵律
231 schedule 时间表, 日程安排表；清单
232 scholarship 奖学金
233 scratch 抓, 搔
234 security 安全
235 sensitive 易受影响的; 敏感的
236 shorten 弄短, 缩短
237 signal 信号, 暗号
238 significant 重要的, 重大的, 可观的
239 slightly 轻微地, 微不足道地
240 smoothly 顺利地、光滑地
241 source 发源地、出处
242 specialize 专门从事, 专攻
243 species 物种, 种
244 specific 明确的, 确切的, 详尽的
245 splendid 壮丽的; 辉煌的
246 standard 标准, 水准, 规范
247 state 陈述; 叙述
248 statistics 数据
249 status 情形, 状况
250 stimulate 刺激; 激励
251 sting 螫伤; 刺伤
252 strategy 战略, 策略
253 strengthen 加强, 巩固
254 stretch 伸展; 拉紧
255 studio 播音室; 录音室
256 substitute 代替, 替换, 代用
257 supervisor 监督者, 管理者
258 survey 眺望; 纵览
259 survive 幸存, 活下来
260 suspect 怀疑; 不信任
261 suspicious 猜疑的, 疑心的
262 symbol 象征, 标志
263 sympathize 同情, 支持
264 symptom 症状；征兆
265 talkative 健谈的; 多嘴的; 喜欢说话的
266 tame 驯服的, 温顺的
267 temporary 临时的, 暂时的, 短时间的
268 tendency 倾向, 趋势
269 threaten 恐吓, 威胁
270 timely 适时的; 合时宜的
271 tolerance 宽容, 容忍
272 traffic jam 塞车,交通拥塞
273 tragedy 惨事, 灾难
274 trap 困住, 使陷入绝境
275 tuition 学费
276 unbearable 难以忍受的; 不能忍受的
277 unconscious 失去知觉的
278 uniform 制服
279 unique 独一无二的, 仅有的, 惟一的
280 universal 广泛的, 普遍的
281 update 更新; 使现代化
282 vary (使)变化, 改变
283 vehicle 交通工具, 车辆
284 victim 牺牲者, 受害者, 受灾者
285 vital 极重要的, 必不可少的
286 vitamin 维生素
287 volcano 火山
288 volunteer 自动提供, 自愿效劳
289 welfare 健康, 幸福, 繁荣，福利
290 withdraw 取[收]回，(使)撤退[出]



板块二
单句填空 活学活用
【专家原创】单句填空123例

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. You became so deeply __________(absorb) in an activity that you lost track of time.
2. Both say they want to write literary books that are __________(access) to a general audience.
3. Every care has been taken to ensure the __________(accurate) of all information given in this leaflet.
4. Parents are more willing __________( acknowledge) their children as adults when they behave like adults.
5. Older workers can be as __________(adapt) and quick to learn as anyone else.
6. She won the __________(admire) of many people in her battle against cancer.
7. I'm afraid I have no alternative but __________(report) you to the police.
8. He is so deep in debt and desperate for money that he's __________(apparent) willing to say anything.
9. The project has now received __________(approve) from the government.
10. The charity aims to provide __________(assist) to people in need.
11. People are often __________ a loss when confronted with a number of choices.
12. Stores should __________(ban) from selling alcoholic drinks to teenagers.
13. The satellite enables us __________(calculate) their precise location anywhere in the world.
14. The condition prevents the blood from __________(circulate) freely.
15. His treatment was a __________(combine) of surgery, radiation and drugs.
16. You cannot afford to relax your __________(concentrate) for a moment.
17. Children vary __________(considerable) in the rate at which they learn these lessons.
18. We will win the contest if we can tap into our __________(creative).
19. He became __________(convince) of the need for cheap editions of good quality writing.
20. The number of staff __________(decline) from 217,000 to 114,000 since 2021.
21. All our officers are trained __________(defend) themselves against knife attacks.
22. The term ‘mental illness’ is difficult__________(define).
23. It is impossible __________(deliver) this letter because the address is illegible.
24. They are anxious __________(demonstrate) to the voters that they have practical policies.
25. The __________(describe) which he had been given was brief and to the point.
26. He deserves __________(lock) up forever for what he did.
27. Under such conditions, the __________(destroy) effects of bacteria are diminished.
28. Alcohol can also damage the liver and do great harm if __________(consume) in large quantities.
29. He __________(discipline) at school last week for talking back to the teacher.
30. He was so irresponsible that I decided __________(dismiss) him.
31. We didn't understand how difficult it was __________(distribute)a national paper.
32. There are obvious __________(distinction) between the two wine-making areas.
33. They believed that the greater the diversity the __________(stable) the ecosystem.
34. I was impressed by the __________(efficient) with which she handled the crisis.
35. The exchange of prisoners of war was one of the key __________(element) of the UN's peace plan.
36. You rescued me from an __________(embarrass) situation.
37. The government has declared a state of __________(emergent) following the earthquake.
38. Until recently, the emphasis in dam building was _________ the economic benefits.
39. Many volunteers choose to hurt themselves rather than endure __________(bore).
40. It's of significant importance for us __________(enrich) our life with habits.
41. Barbecues are a favourite way of __________(entertain) friends
42. It was this campaign that __________(establish) the paper's reputation.
43. It is hard __________( estimate) how many children suffer from dyslexia.
44. There is __________(convince) evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
45. Most of the buildings in the town are modern, but the church is an __________(except).
46. It took them about 50 minutes __________(extinguish) the fire.
47. Houses in the neighbourhood of Paris are __________(extreme) expensive.
48. They found that every __________(face) expression is connected to a certain color.
49. He __________(fasten) up his coat and hurried out.
50. She is still __________(finance) dependent on her parents.
51. I am extremely grateful __________ all the teachers _________ their help.
52. We guarantee __________(refund) your money if you're not delighted with your purchase.
53. She's very good at __________(handle) her patients.
54. Please do not hesitate __________(contact) me if you have any queries.
55. I made a suggestion but they chose __________(ignore) it.
56. Two __________(dependent) research bodies reached the same conclusions.
57. A red sky at night often __________(indicate) fine weather the next day.
58. Dreams can be a rich source of __________(inspire) for an artist.
59. It's __________(legal) to drive through a red light.
60. She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming __________ (instruct).
61.The online classroom provides an innovative and __________(interact)interactive learning environment.
62. I wish my mother would stop __________(interfere)interfering and let me make my own decisions.
63. Don't you think it's about time you __________(invest)invested in a new coat?
64. There was a serious incident __________(involve)involving a group of youths.
65. __________( maintain)To maintain her weight, she simply chooses fruits and vegetables over fats and sweets.
66. __________(manufacture)Manufacturers are working on a new generation of cheaper digital radios.
67. Under planning law __________the maximum height for a fence or hedge is 6 feet.
68. He studied his map, trying __________(memorize)to memorize the way to Rose's street.
69. You may be physically and __________(mental)mentally exhausted after a long flight.
70. He said nothing, __________(mere)merely smiled and watched her.
71. Thousands were forced __________(migrate) from rural to urban areas in search of work.
72. He spent five years in Paris, with __________(occasion) visits to Italy.
73. It is one of the most __________(origin) works of imagination in the language.
74. The residents were trying to escape from the fire but __________(overcome) by smoke.
75. I __________(panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
76. 40 of the course __________(participant) are offered employment with the company.
77. An immigrant is a person who comes to live __________(permanent) in a foreign country.
78. The introduction to a __________(persuade) speech is very important.
79. The society was set up __________(preserve) endangered species from extinction.
80. You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection __________(promote) economic growth.
81. The equipment can __________(purchase) from your local supplier.
82. __________(rare) has a debate attracted so much media attention.
83. The town has changed beyond __________(recognize) since I was last here.
84. __________(register) a car in Japan, the owner must have somewhere to park it.
85. __________(relative) speaking, these jobs provide good salaries.
86. Firefighters took two hours__________(release) the driver from the car.
87. We are looking for someone who is __________(rely) and hard-working.
88. Firefighters burst the door open and __________(rescue) them.
89. He went to the desk to inquire and make a __________(reserve).
90. They are determined __________(resist) pressure to change the law.
91. We must find a way __________(resolve) these problems before it's too late.
92. We'll be stopping here for longer than __________(schedule).
93. They are now under a great deal of pressure __________(tighten) their airport security.
94. The classroom teacher must be sensitive __________ a child's needs.
95. Her father paid $5,000 for an operation __________(shorten) her nose.
96. We overlook all sorts of warning __________(signal) about our own health.
97. His family then moved to a __________(slight) larger house.
98. Everything is clear to her and things go __________(smooth) then.
99. Most of the staff specialize __________ the care of children.
100. The article can be used __________(stimulate) discussion among students.
101. To improve the quality of life through work, two complementary __________(strategy) are necessary.
102. The exercises are designed __________(strengthen) your stomach muscles.
103. I __________(stretch) out a hand and picked up the book.
104. The course teaches you the theory but there's no substitute __________ practical experience.
105. All of us will struggle fairly hard __________(survive) if we are in danger.
106. White has always been __________ symbol of purity in Western cultures.
107. The public should be on the lookout for __________(symptom) of the disease.
108. I have a __________(tend) to talk too much when I'm nervous.
109. He tied her up and __________(threaten) her with a six-inch knife.
110. She had no __________(tolerant) for jokes of any kind.
111. I __________(catch) in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I would have not kept you waiting for such a long time.
112. Can the world become so __________(bear) to someone after years of loneliness?
113. He was __________(conscious) and as I looked at his face, something occurred to me.
114. The preview offers __________ unique opportunity to see the show without the crowds.
115. It is __________(universal) acknowledged that it's very difficult to shake off bad habits.
116. He was back in the office, __________(update) the work schedule on the computer.
117. The cost of the alcohol duty __________(vary) according to the amount of wine in the bottle.
118. Be careful not to fall victim __________ online banking fraud.
119. Reading is __________ vital importance in language learning.
120. Fruit is a convenient source of __________(vitamin) and energy.
121. The volcano __________(erupt) last year killing about 600 people.
122. What I want now is two __________(volunteer) to come down to the front.
123. He reached into his pocket and __________(withdraw) a sheet of notepaper.

【专家原创】单句填空123例答案
1. absorbed
2. accessible
3. accuracy
4. to acknowledge
5. adaptable
6. admiration
7. to report
8. apparently
9. approval
10. assistance
11. at
12. be banned
13. to calculate
14. circulating
15. combination
16. concentration
17. considerably
18. creativity
19. convinced
20. has declined
21. to defend
22. to define
23. to deliver
24. to demonstrate.
25. description
26. locking/to be locked
27. destructive
28. consumed
29. was disciplined
30. to dismiss
31. to distribute
32. distinctions
33. more stable
34. efficiency
35. elements
36. embarrassing
37. emergency
38. on/upon
39. boredom
40. to enrich
41. entertaining
42. established
43. to estimate
44. convincing
45. exception
46. to extinguish
47. extremely
48. facial
49. fastened
50. financially
51. to, for
52. to refund
53. handling
54. to contact
55. to ignore
56. independent
57. indicates
58. inspiration
59. illegal
60. instructor
61. interactive
62. interfering
63. invested/should invest
64. involving
65. To maintain
66. Manufacturers
67. the
68. to memorize
69. mentally
70. merely
71. to migrate
72. occasional
73. original
74. were
75. panicked
76. participants
77. permanently
78. persuasive
79. to preserve
80. to promote
81. be purchased
82. Rarely
83. recognition
84. To register
85. Relatively
86. to release
87. reliable
88. rescued
89. reservation
90. to resist
91. to resolve
92. scheduled.
93. to tighten
94. to
95. to shorten
96. signals
97. slightly
98. smoothly
99. in
100. to stimulate
101. strategies
102. to strengthen
103. stretched
104. for
105. to survive
106. a
107. symptoms
108. tendency
109. threatened
110. tolerance
111. was caught
112. unbearable
113. unconscious
114. a
115. universally
116. updating
117. varies
118. to
119. of
120. vitamins
121. erupted
122. volunteers
123. withdrew

板块三
语篇训练 学以致用
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A new version of a student loan forgiveness application will be officially launched by the Education Department later this month. It is to cancel up to $10,000 in debt for those earning less than $125,000 per year and up to $20,000 for those who received Pell Grants. It will not forgive any student loan debt under the debt relief plan prior to October 23, 2022.
How long the application will be up: The department is offering periodic access to the form—so borrowers may have to refresh the site page or keep checking back. The application will be available through Dec. 31, 2023
What the application asks for: It requires only basic information, including name, birth date, Social Security number, phone number and an e-mail address. Borrowers will not need what’s known as an FSA ID to log into the application, nor will they need to upload any documents, including tax records.
Will borrowers need to prove they meet the plan’s income requirements? Instead of providing documents that confirm you, as an individual, earned $125,000 in 2020 or 2021 or, as a couple, less than $250, 000, the application simply asks borrowers to check a box to guarantee under the laws that all information provided on this form is true and correct.
How long will it take to process each application? A matter of weeks. The department wants to relieve as many debts as possible before student loan payments restart in January.
21. What is the aim of the student loan forgiveness application?
A. To advocate Pell Grant. B. To give students a reward.
C. To increase family incomes. D. To ease the debt burden.
22. What is a must for applicants?
A. Submitting a paper form. B. Uploading the tax records.
C. Providing true information. D. Paying off the loan before January.
23. What is the text?
A. An advertisement. B. A loan handbook.
C. An official report. D. A department work plan.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了新版学生贷款减免申请相关事项。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A new version of a student loan forgiveness application will be officially launched by the Education Department later this month. It is to cancel up to $10,000 in debt for those earning less than $125,000 per year and up to $20,000 for those who received Pell Grants.(教育部将于本月晚些时候正式推出新版学生贷款减免申请。对于年收入低于12.5万美元的学生，将取消高达1万美元的债务;对于获得佩尔助学金的学生，将取消高达2万美元的债务)”以及最后一段“The department wants to relieve as many debts as possible before student loan payments restart in January.(该部门希望在1月份重新开始偿还学生贷款之前，尽可能多地减轻债务)”可推知，学生贷款减免申请的目的是减轻债务负担。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It requires only basic information, including name, birth date, Social Security number, phone number and an e-mail address. (它只需要基本信息，包括姓名、出生日期、社保号、电话号码和电子邮件地址)”以及第四段中“Instead of providing documents that confirm you, as an individual, earned $125,000 in 2020 or 2021 or, as a couple, less than $250, 000, the application simply asks borrowers to check a box to guarantee under the laws that all information provided on this form is true and correct.(该申请没有提供证明文件，证明你作为个人在2020年或2021年的收入为12.5万美元，或者作为夫妇，在不到25万美元的收入，而是要求借款人在一个方框中打勾，以确保根据法律，该表格上提供的所有信息都是真实和正确的)”可知，申请人必须提供真实的信息。故选C项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“A new version of a student loan forgiveness application will be officially launched by the Education Department later this month.(教育部将于本月晚些时候正式推出新版学生贷款减免申请)”以及每段粗体字部分“How long the application will be up(申请将持续多长时间)”；“What the application asks for(申请要求)”；“Will borrowers need to prove they meet the plan’s income requirements?(借款人需要证明他们符合该计划的收入要求吗?)”以及“How long will it take to process each application?(处理每份申请需要多长时间?)”可知，本文主要介绍了学生贷款减免申请相关事项，所以是一篇广告。故选A项。
B
Open-air jazz, locally-grown vegetables, Focaccia bread, gout cheese, and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night.
And the vendors (商贩) held out pretty well. Even as the raindrops intensified, folks kept exploring the tables stationed in the parking lot of St. Monica Church. Among the crowd were a number of college students, mostly from the University of Rochester, likely brought in by the College Night awards being offered — a five-dollar token (购物券), a handbag, and a prize raffle entry, all free of charge.
Now in its 15th year, Westside volunteer Jackie Farrell said the market partners merely with local farms, businesses, and community groups to populate its tables. “Our mission really is to serve the people in the community, getting them health and nutrition information, and connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce,” Farrell said, “Everything has to be local. It’s a producer-only market, so you have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.” Those producers had diverse offerings. Vegetables, of course, were abundant but sellers also pushed cheeses, spreads, bread, prepared pasta dishes, and much more.
The community groups offering information were diverse too. Recovery All Ways, a local nonprofit with a stated “mission to support anyone affected by substance use disorder” handed out Narcan and trained people in its use. Their station was next to a Moms Demand Action tent, where staffers provided information on physical safety. SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefits educators also ran a table.
The activities of the stations was scored by live music. The University’s Midnight Ramblers performed, and a local jazz band played away as the rain showers started rolling in.
Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make students more comfortable crossing the bridge into the Rochester community. “We love college students, and we keep encouraging them that all they have to do is go across the bridge.”
24. What attracted college students to the College Night?
A. Free prizes. B. Scenery in the rain.
C. Interesting books. D. Featured goods.
25. What is the characteristic of Westside Farmers Market?
A. It is managed by farmers themselves.
B. Its visitors are mostly university students.
C. Its offerings are locally grown or prepared.
D. Farmers provide more vegetables than corn.
26. Which of the following can best describe the College Night?
A. Crowded and chaotic. B. Busy and festive.
C. Luxurious and splendid. D. Romantic and peaceful.
27. What might be a suitable title for the text?
A. Westside Farmers Market is flowering rapidly
B. College Night channels products to community
C. College Night bridges university and community
D. Westside Farmers Market is expanding nationwide
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是西区农贸市场大学之夜的促销活动，大学之夜将大学生与当地的社区联系在一起，架起了两者之间联系的桥梁。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Among the crowd were a number of college students, mostly from the University of Rochester, likely brought in by the College Night awards being offered — a five-dollar token (购物券), a handbag, and a prize raffle entry, all free of charge.(人群中有一些大学生，大部分来自罗切斯特大学，他们可能是被大学之夜提供的奖品带来的——一个5美元的购物券，一个手提包和一个奖品抽奖，所有的都是免费的)”可知，吸引大学生来参加大学之夜的是一些免费的奖品。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Now in its 15th year, Westside volunteer Jackie Farrell said the market partners merely with local farms, businesses, and community groups to populate its tables. “Our mission really is to serve the people in the community, getting them health and nutrition information, and connecting them to the farmers who grow the produce,” Farrell said, “Everything has to be local. It’s a producer-only market, so you have to grow or produce whatever you’re going to sell here.”(西区志愿者Jackie Farrell说，现在是该市场成立的第15个年头，该市场只是与当地农场、企业和社区团体合作。法雷尔说：“我们的使命真的是为社区的人们服务，向他们提供健康和营养信息，并将他们与种植农产品的农民联系起来。一切都必须本地化。这是一个只有生产者的市场，所以你必须种植或生产你要在这里销售的任何东西。”)”可知，西区农贸市场的特点是它的产品是在当地种植的或事先准备好的。故选C项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Open-air jazz, locally-grown vegetables, Focaccia bread, gout cheese, and Narcan training all competed against a rainstorm last Tuesday at Westside Farmers Market’s annual College Night.(上周二，在西区农贸市场一年一度的大学之夜，露天爵士乐、当地种植的蔬菜、佛卡夏面包、痛风奶酪和纳尔康训练都同暴风雨展开了竞争)”以及文章第四段“The community groups offering information were diverse too. SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefits educators also ran a table.(提供信息的社区团体也是多样化的)”以及“SNAP-Ed nutrition and benefits educators also ran a table.(SNAP-Ed的营养和福利教育工作者也摆了一张桌子)”及文章倒数第二段“The activities of the stations was scored by live music. The University’s Midnight Ramblers performed, and a local jazz band played away as the rain showers started rolling in.(电台的活动由现场音乐配乐。大学的午夜漫步者(Midnight Ramblers)进行了表演，当地的一支爵士乐队在倾盆大雨中继续演奏)”可知，大学之夜的特点是忙碌的和充满节日气氛的。故选B项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Farrell hoped that the College Night promotion would help make students more comfortable crossing the bridge into the Rochester community. “We love college students, and we keep encouraging them that all they have to do is go across the bridge.”(Farrell希望“大学之夜”的促销活动能帮助学生们更轻松地穿过大桥进入罗切斯特社区。“我们爱大学生，我们一直鼓励他们，他们所要做的就是穿过这座桥。”)”以及文章前面几段的内容可知，文章主要围绕着大学之夜的促销活动来展开，大学之夜将大学生与当地的社区联系在一起，架起了两者之间联系的桥梁。由此可知，C项College Night bridges university and community概括文章内容，作为标题最为合适。故选C项。
C
As Mark Meekan, a tropical fish biologist at the Australian Institute of Marine Science in Perth, spotted a giant shadowy figure moving in the Indian Ocean, he was diving to take samples of a whale shark’s skin.
The sharks, averaging around 12 meters long, spend most of their lives in the deep ocean where they are hard to observe, so analyzing the chemical makeup of their tissues can help scientists learn more about their biology and behavior, including what they eat.
The skin samples that Meekan collected reveal that whale sharks, long thought to be strict meat eaters, also eat and digest algae (海藻). The findings add to evidence that whale sharks intentionally eat plants, potentially making them the largest omnivores on Earth.
Although algae has turned up in the stomachs of beached whale sharks before, “everyone thought it was just accidental ingestion (摄取),” Meekan says.
To find out if that assumption held up, Meekan’s team took tissue samples from 17 whale sharks feeding off the coast of Western Australia from 2015 to 2017. Whale sharks’ skin was rich in arachidonic acid (花生四烯酸) that is found in brown algae, the analysis showed.
The new work supports previous research by a different group that found algae-related nutrients in the skin of whale sharks near Japan. Together, the findings suggest that digesting greens is common practice for whale sharks.
But that doesn’t mean whale sharks are true omnivores, says shark biologist Robert Hueter. “This is a bit like saying that cows are omnivores because they eat insects while feeding on grass.”
Meekan admits that he isn’t sure whether whale sharks seek out algae, but the amount they eat isn’t incidental (附带的). “Their tissues hold a remarkable record of what they’ve been up to,” he says. “We’re now learning how to read this library.”
28. Why did Mark Meekan take samples of whale sharks’ skin?
A. To observe the living conditions of sea life.
B. To discover the eating habits of whale sharks.
C. To explore the biology and behavior of sea life.
D. To analyze the function of whale sharks’ tissues.
29. What can we learn about Mark Meekan’s findings?
A. It’s common for whale sharks to take in algae.
B. It’s the first time to find whale sharks eat greens.
C. There is abundant arachidonic acid in brown algae.
D. There are algae-related nutrients in whale sharks’ skin.
30. What does the underlined word “omnivores” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Meat eaters. B. Animals living in the deep ocean.
C. Living creatures. D. Animals feeding on meat and greens.
31. What message does Mark Meekan convey in the last paragraph?
A. He’ll find out whether whale sharks eat plants.
B. He’ll record what whale sharks have been up to.
C. He’ll figure out why whale sharks digest greens.
D. He’ll read more about whale sharks in the library.
【答案】28. B29. A30. D31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家Mark Meekan的研究发现，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也摄入绿色植物。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The sharks, averaging around 12 meters long, spend most of their lives in the deep ocean where they are hard to observe, so analyzing the chemical makeup of their tissues can help scientists learn more about their biology and behavior, including what they eat. (鲨鱼平均身长约12米，它们大部分时间生活在深海中，很难被观察到，因此分析它们组织的化学组成可以帮助科学家更多地了解它们的生物学和行为，包括它们吃什么)”及第三段中“The skin samples that Meekan collected reveal that whale sharks, long thought to be strict meat eaters, also eat and digest algae (海藻). (Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化海藻)”可知，Mark Meekan采集鲸鲨皮肤样本是为了探究鲸鲨的饮食习惯。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The skin samples that Meekan collected reveal that whale sharks, long thought to be strict meat eaters, also eat and digest algae (海藻). (Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化藻类)”以及第六段中“Together, the findings suggest that digesting greens is common practice for whale sharks. (总之，这些发现表明，消化绿色食物是鲸鲨的常见习惯)”可知，从Mark Meekan的发现中我们了解到鲸鲨摄入藻类是很常见的。故选A项。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句前文“The skin samples that Meekan collected reveal that whale sharks, long thought to be strict meat eaters, also eat and digest algae (海藻). (Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化藻类)”说明鲸鲨除了吃肉也吃植物，是杂食动物，从而推知划线词句“The findings add to evidence that whale sharks intentionally eat plants, potentially making them the largest omnivores on Earth. (这些发现进一步证明了鲸鲨有意识地吃些植物，这可能使它们成为地球上最大的omnivores)”其中词汇应为“既吃肉也吃植物的杂食动物”。故选D项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Meekan所说“Their tissues hold a remarkable record of what they’ve been up to.(它们的组织保存着它们所做事情的显著记录)”以及“We’re now learning how to read this library. (我们现在正在学习如何阅读这个资料库)”等可以推知，Meekan表明他会弄明白为什么鲸鲨会消化绿色植物的。故选C项。
D
The way I treat a clove(瓣)of garlic does not just change its size but its chemistry; the decision to slice or crush it will shape the flavour of the meal. Cooking can show us this: our actions matter. Through my work in the kitchen, I thought about what I had learned about time, about people and the world beyond me. Then I asked myself: What would I discover if I treated cooking as thinking?
When I cooked for myself as an 18-year-old, I attempted to improve the flavor of a dish by adding more things to the pot. But frustratingly, these dishes tasted of less. A logic of scale failed here: more was not more.
Then I came across a recipe for tomato sauce, through which I learned how small changes would cause a big difference. The first few times I made it, I was respectful towards the amazing transformation. But once I crushed the garlic instead of carefully slicing it, and the sauce tasted different. Another time I replaced fresh tomatoes with canned, which resulted in a watery mixture.
When I documented all the times I had cooked it, I was suddenly able to answer questions that had escaped me in the library during my studies. I had been studying the broken relationship between language and the lived world for years. Through cooking, I saw how each time a recipe was translated anew in the kitchen. Therefore, life could be returned to language, reinvigorating(使复兴)it.
When I cook, I’m using the knowledge produced through the work of generations of cooks in kitchens all over the world. Unlike the knowledge stored in libraries, this is information that each person who uses it can rewrite in their own image. People who cook become part of a chorus. When I began to pay attention, I could hear their voices in a bubbling pan. Cooking is thinking, and there is knowledge on an epic(史诗般的)scale in a pan of hot red sauce.
32. Why is garlic mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. To explain a rule. B. To present a story.
C. To introduce a topic. D. To make a comparison.
33. What did the author learn from the cooking experiences?
A. Crushed garlic tastes better. B. Fresh tomatoes work better.
C. Sliced garlic ruins the sauce. D. More ingredients improve flavour.
34. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. Life can bring language alive again.
B. A recipe can be renewed by each user.
C. The relationship between language and the world is broken.
D. The inspiration from cooking helps solve academic problems.
35. What might be the best title?
A. Less is more. B. Our actions matter.
C. Cooking is thinking. D. Recipes have souls.
【答案】32. C33. B34. D35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己烹饪的经历告诉读者烹饪就是在思考。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The way I treat a clove(瓣)of garlic does not just change its size but its chemistry; the decision to slice or crush it will shape the flavour of the meal. Cooking can show us this: our actions matter. Through my work in the kitchen, I thought about what I had learned about time, about people and the world beyond me. Then I asked myself: What would I discover if I treated cooking as thinking?”（我对待一瓣大蒜的方式不仅改变了它的大小，还改变了它的化学成分;切片还是碾碎的决定了这顿饭的味道。烹饪可以告诉我们:我们的行动很重要。通过在厨房的工作，我思考了我对时间、对人以及我以外的世界的了解。然后我问自己:如果我把烹饪当作思考，我会发现什么?）可知，第一段提到大蒜是为了介绍主题。故选C项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But once I crushed the garlic instead of carefully slicing it, and the sauce tasted different. Another time I replaced fresh tomatoes with canned, which resulted in a watery mixture”（但有一次，我没有仔细切片，而是把大蒜压碎了，酱汁尝起来就不一样了。还有一次，我用罐装番茄代替了新鲜番茄，结果是一种水状混合物）可知，新鲜番茄效果更好。故选B项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“When I documented all the times I had cooked it, I was suddenly able to answer questions that had escaped me in the library during my studies. I had been studying the broken relationship between language and the lived world for years. Through cooking, I saw how each time a recipe was translated anew in the kitchen. Therefore, life could be returned to language, reinvigorating(使复兴)it.”（当我记录下我做它的所有时间时，我突然能够回答我在图书馆学习时逃避的问题。多年来，我一直在研究语言与现实世界之间破裂的关系。通过烹饪，我看到了每一次食谱是如何在厨房里被重新翻译的。因此，语言可以重新焕发生机）可知，第四段主要是关于烹饪的灵感有助于解决学术问题。故选D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Through my work in the kitchen, I thought about what I had learned about time, about people and the world beyond me. Then I asked myself: What would I discover if I treated cooking as thinking?”（通过在厨房的工作，我思考了我对时间、对人以及我以外的世界的了解。然后我问自己:如果我把烹饪当作思考，我会发现什么?）根据最后一段“Cooking is thinking”（烹饪就是思考）可知，短文的标题为“烹饪就是思考”。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Procrastination(拖延)makes people live under constant stress. Making changes will lead to positive results, like relieving stress and increasing the quality of work, family time and joy. But how to? ___36___
◆Acknowledge the need to change.
If you’re a master procrastinator, stop making excuses and acknowledge the reasons why procrastination is bad. ___37___
◆Identify and understand your feelings.
You may feel fearful about the size of a task, proud of your productivity, and anxious about your time. ___38___ However, could you break a huge project up into manageable tasks? You might need to say “no” more often to give the proper time and attention to the more important things. You can also set a time limit on your break, maybe 15 to 20 minutes.
◆___39___
If you find yourself with some free time and you need to convince yourself to start working on a difficult task, follow the five-minute rule. Force yourself to work on a task for just five minutes, with the understanding that you can quit after five minutes if you like. This simple mental trick is usually just to get you started. And it will often turn into much more than five minutes.
◆Work on stuff earlier.
___40___ But remember: Just because you start working on something doesn’t mean you have to finish.
By starting, you get the juices flowing, allowing you to get more done than you anticipated. Additionally, you increase the quality of your work because every time you revise your thing, it gets better.
So, remember: Fighting procrastination is a life-long battle, but it’s a winnable one.
A. Use the five-minute rule.
B. These emotions are quite natural.
C. You might think of the possible results.
D. Here are some ways to beat procrastination.
E. Pay special attention to the quality of your work.
F. Otherwise, you won’t be convinced there’s a need to change.
G. For master procrastinators, the idea of working too early on a task is stupid.
【答案】36. D37. F38. B39. A40. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下，文章主要介绍了如何打败拖延症的方法。
【36题详解】
上文“Procrastination(拖延)makes people live under constant stress. Making changes will lead to positive results, like relieving stress and increasing the quality of work, family time and joy. But how to?(拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下。做出改变会带来积极的结果，比如减轻压力、提高工作质量、家庭时间和快乐。但是怎么做呢?)”提到了拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下，做出改变会带来积极的结果，并提出“该怎么做”这一问题；下文直接列出几项打败拖延症的方法。由此可知，设空处需填一个过渡句，承上启下。D项“Here are some ways to beat procrastination.(这里有一些击败拖延症的方法。)”与上下文对应。故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据小标题“Acknowledge the need to change.(承认改变的必要。)”可知，本段主题与改变相关；上文“If you’re a master procrastinator, stop making excuses and acknowledge the reasons why procrastination is bad.(如果你是一个拖延大师，停止找借口，承认拖延不好的原因。)”提到了停止找借口，承认拖延是不好的；选项中只有F项“Otherwise, you won’t be convinced there’s a need to change.(否则，你不会相信有改变的必要。)”与“改变”这一主题相关，且与上文对应。故选F项。
【38题详解】
根据小标题“Identify and understand your feelings.(认识并理解你的感受。)”可知，本段主题与感受和情绪相关；上文“You may feel fearful about the size of a task, proud of your productivity, and anxious about your time.(你可能会对任务的规模感到害怕，为自己的效率感到骄傲，为自己的时间感到焦虑。)”提到了害怕、骄傲、和焦虑等情绪；下文“However, could you break a huge project up into manageable tasks?(然而，你能把一个庞大的项目分解成可管理的任务吗?)”则转而提到把庞大的项目分解成可管理的小任务。B项“These emotions are quite natural.(这些情绪是很自然的。)”中的these emotions恰好指代上文的fearful、proud、anxious等情绪。故选B项。
【39题详解】
设空处为本段的小标题，需能概括本段主旨；下文“If you find yourself with some free time and you need to convince yourself to start working on a difficult task, follow the five-minute rule.(如果你发现自己有一些空闲时间，你需要说服自己开始做一个困难的任务，遵循五分钟规则。)”提到了如果要说服自己开始做一个困难的任务，遵循五分钟规则。由此可知，本段主要与五分钟规则相关。A项“Use the five-minute rule.(使用五分钟规则)”能概括本段主旨。故选A项。
【40题详解】
根据小标题“Work on stuff earlier.(早点做事)”可知，本段主要与work earlier相关；下文“But remember: Just because you start working on something doesn’t mean you have to finish.(但请记住：你开始做某件事并不意味着你必须完成。)”转而提到早点开始做某件事并不意味着必须完成。G项“For master procrastinators, the idea of working too early on a task is stupid.(对于拖延症大师来说，过早开始工作的想法是愚蠢的。)”既符合work early的主题，也下文对应。故选G项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Amy Jandrisevits knows the value of a good doll. “Dolls have a ___41___ we don’t completely understand,” she told The Today Show. It’s a ___42___ she came to while working as a pediatric oncology (儿科肿瘤学) social worker, using dolls to help children adapt to their medical situations. Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. ___43___ , for the kids missing an arm or who had lost their hair, there were none they could relate to.
So, seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child was transgender (跨性别的), Jandrisevits knew what might help the youth through this ___44___ period. “It’s hard to tell a kid, ‘You are perfect the way you are,’ but ___45___ offer them anything that looks like them,” she says.
Jandrisevits ___46___ changing that. She made a doll by hand that looked like her friend’s child and sent it off. After the friend ___47___ a photo online of the happy child and the doll, another woman asked Jandrisevits to make a doll for her baby, who was missing a leg.
Word ___48___ , and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks and facial deformities (畸形)— ___49___ , a doll that looked like them. She ____50____ her job and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me.
Working at home, it takes Jandrisevits ____51____ seven hours to make each doll. A GoFundMe page helps her ____52____ the costs. She hasn’t ____53____ for a doll since she began her nonprofit.
In all, she’s made more than 400 dolls. The waiting list is long, but Jandrisevits is ____54____ . As she explains on her GoFundMe page, “Every kid, ____55____ gender, age, or medical issue, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own.”
41. A. face B. fate C. power D. quality
42. A. decision B. position C. confusion D. conclusion
43. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Moreover
44. A. frightening B. touching C. challenging D. astonishing
45. A. sometimes B. never C. always D. occasionally
46. A. went after B. went against C. went about D. went through
47. A. posted B. shot C. downloaded D. selected
48. A. counted B. escaped C. failed D. spread
49. A. by contrast B. in addition C. in short D. after all
50. A. landed B. quit C. sought D. lost
51. A. merely B. exactly C. definitely D. roughly
52. A. cover B. analyze C. calculate D. increase
53. A. charged B. paid C. accounted D. allowed
54. A. tired B. unsatisfied C. defeated D. unbowed
55. A. aside from B. regardless of C. rather than D. due to
【答案】41. C42. D43. B44. C45. B46. C47. A48. D49. C50. B51. D52. A53. A54. D55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Jandrisevits专做“有缺陷”的玩具娃娃，给无数有缺陷的孩子带去温暖。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“玩具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量，”她告诉《今日秀》。A. face脸；B. fate命运；C. power力量；D. quality质量。根据下文“we don’t completely understand”可知，玩具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她在担任儿科肿瘤社会工作者时得出的结论，她使用玩具娃娃帮助孩子适应他们的医疗状况。A. decision决定；B. position位置；C. confusion困惑；D. conclusion结论。come to a conclusion得出结论。根据上文“Dolls have a ___1___we don’t completely understand”可知，Jandrisevits在做儿科肿瘤社工时得出这样的结论——玩具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些失去一只胳膊或失去头发的孩子来说，它们没有任何关系。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Moreover此外。结合上文“Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls”（许多孩子在那些洋娃娃身上看到自己）可知，此处前后为转折关系，故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，七年前，当一位朋友透露她的孩子是跨性别者时，Jandrisevits知道什么可以帮助这个年轻人度过这个充满挑战的时期。A. frightening恐怖的；B. touching感人的；C. challenging挑战性的；D. astonishing令人惊讶的。结合上文“when a friend revealed that her child was transgender”可知，孩子是跨性别者，这对孩子来说是有挑战性的，故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“很难告诉一个孩子，‘你现在这样就很完美’，但从不给他们任何看起来像他们的东西，”她说。 A. sometimes有时；B. never从不；C. always总是；D. occasionally偶尔。根据上文“You are perfect the way you are”和“but”表转折可知，此处表示“从不”，即很难在从不给他们任何看起来像他们的东西的前提下，告诉他们是完美的。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Jandrisevits试图改变这一点。A. went after追赶；B. went against反对；C. went about着手；D. went through经历。结合下文“She made a doll by hand that looked like her friend’s child and sent it off”（她亲手做了一个娃娃，看起来像她朋友的孩子，然后把它送了出去）可知，Jandrisevits在着手改变，故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Jandrisevits的朋友在网上发布了一张快乐的孩子和可爱的玩具娃娃的照片后，另一个女人让Jandrisevits做一个看起来像她的孩子的玩具娃娃，她的孩子刚刚失去了一条腿。A. posted发布；B. shot射击；C. downloaded下载；D. selected选择。根据后文“a photo online”可知，将照片发布到网上。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，很快她就开始为有伤疤、胎记和面部障碍孩子制作娃娃——简而言之，就是一个看起来像他们的玩具娃娃。A. counted数数；B. escaped逃跑；C. failed失败；D. spread传播。结合下文“soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks and facial deformities”可知，此处表示消息传开，很多人找Jandrisevits做像自己孩子的玩具娃娃。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，很快她就开始为有伤疤、胎记和面部障碍的孩子制作娃娃——简而言之，就是一个看起来像他们的玩具娃娃。A. by contrast对比；B. in addition另外；C. in short总之、简而言之；D. after all毕竟。根据上文“and soon she was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks, facial disorders”和下文“a doll that looked like them”可知，后句是对前句总结。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她辞掉工作，成立了一个“像我一样的玩具娃娃”非营利组织。A. landed着陆；B. quit放弃、离开（工作职位、学校等）；C. sought寻找；D. lost失去。根据下文“and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me”可知，她辞掉手头上的工作去创办帮助有缺陷孩子的非营利组织。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在家工作，Jandrisevits制作每个娃娃大约需要七个小时。A. merely仅仅；B. exactly确切地；C. definitely明确地；D. roughly大致；大约。结合语境可知，此处表示制作每个娃娃大约需要七个小时，故选D项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个GoFundMe网页帮助她支付费用。A. cover足以支付；B. analyze分析；C. calculate计算；D. increase增加。结合上文“started a nonprofit”可知，她没有收入，可推测网页帮助她支付费用，故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从她开始这个非营利组织以来，她还没有对一个玩具娃娃收费。A. charged要价；收费；B. paid支付；C. accounted解释；D. allowed允许。结合上文“a nonprofit”和“A GoFundMe page helps her ___12___ the costs”可知，她创办的是非营利组织，GoFundMe网页帮助她支付费用，可得出她没有对玩具洋娃娃收取费用，故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：等待的名单很长，但Jandrisevits不放弃。A. tired疲惫的；B. unsatisfied不满意的；C. defeated打败的；D. unbowed不屈服的。结合上文“The waiting list is long”和“but”可知，单子虽然很长，但她并没有屈服，故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：正如她在她的GoFundMe页面上解释的那样，“每个孩子，无论种族、年龄、医疗问题或体型，都应该看着玩具娃娃甜美的脸，看到自己的笑脸。”A. aside from除……之外；B. regardless of不管，无论；C. rather than而不是；D. due to由于。结合语境和“Every kid”可知，此处表示“无论种族、年龄、医疗问题或体型”，故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emerging evidence in humans suggests the Western high-fat and high-sugar junk food diet can quickly ___56___ (weak) your brain’s appetite control.
After ___57___ (offer) a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, the volunteers who used to be healthy scored ___58___ (bad)on memory tests and experienced a greater desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)— a region of the brain ___59___ supports memory and helps to adjust appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to reduce our memories of delicious food, thereby ___60___ (reduce) our appetite. When it’s interrupted, ___61___ control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on ___62___ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very ___63___ (sense) to junk food, but recently scientists can observe this only in young and healthy humans.
In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of waffles and milkshakes, researchers found participants performed poor on learning and memory tests which are ___64___ (typical) dependent on the hippocampus.
Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team have found that not only do such high-fat and high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, ___65___ they appear to directly affect our ability to control our appetite.
【答案】56. weaken
57. being offered
58. worse 59. which##that
60. reducing
61. the 62. mice
63. sensitive
64. typically
65. but
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出研究发现高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。
【56题详解】
考查动词。句意：人类的新证据表明，西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品的饮食会迅速削弱大脑对食欲的控制。分析句子可知，suggests后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句，此处应填动词原形与前文can一起在从句中作谓语动词。故填weaken。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在被提供一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的高热量的食物后，那些过去健康的志愿者们在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。after在本句中作介词，后面跟动名词作宾语，表示“被提供”，应用动名词的被动形式。故填being offered。
【58题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：在被提供一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的高热量的食物后，那些过去健康的志愿者们在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根据句意可知，志愿者在试验后的记忆测试中得分比试验前更差，所以用比较级worse。故填worse。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究结果表明，海马体是大脑里的一个区域，里面中有一种特殊的物质支持记忆帮助调节食欲。分析句子结构可知，a region of the brain是hippocampus的同位语，主句的谓语是suggest，定语从句的谓语是supports，先行词是hippocampus，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们认为当我们吃饱时，海马体可以减少我们对美食的记忆，从而降低我们的食欲。分析句子结构可知，主句谓语是is thought，此处应用非谓语动词，reduce与逻辑主语hippocampus是主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填reducing。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：如果中断，这种控制可能会严重受损。分析句子可知，此处control是名词，作句子的主语，特指第一段提到的appetite control，应用定冠词。故填the。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。mouse前无限定词，老鼠不止一只，应用复数形式，表泛指，与介词on 连用，作research的后置定语。故填mice。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。此处用形容词作系动词后的表语，且be sensitive to为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。
64题详解】
考查副词。句意：2017年，在吃了一周的华夫饼和奶昔的西式早餐后，研究人员发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现较差，而学习和记忆测试通常依赖于海马体。此处修饰形容词dependent，应用副词typically。故填typically。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意：现在，在这项最新的研究中，该团队的科学家们发现，这种高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。not only. . . but (also)…为固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。