期末试卷二-外研版英语2023-2024学年八年级下学期（天津专用）

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外研版英语八年级下学期期末试卷

1 单项选择 （15分，共15小题，每小题1分）
1 (2023·江苏省·期中考试)China has ______ area of about 9,600,000 square kilometers.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】 B
【解析】
考查冠词的用法。have an area of 固定用法“面积是……”。
2 (2014·四川省·历年真题)—Have you ever ________ an amusement park?
—Yes, I have. I ________ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.
A. been to; have gone to B. gone to; have been to
C. go to; went to D. been to; went to
【答案】 D
【解析】
句意：——你曾经去过游乐园吗？——是的，我去过。去年我去了欢乐时光游乐园。has/have been to表示“曾经去过”，现已回来；has/have gone to表示“已去某地（在途中或已经到达目的地）”。由ever可知，第一空所在句子时态为现在完成时，且是去过已回，空一用been to。再由last year可知，空二应用一般过去时，故选D。
3 (2023·安徽省·单元测试) Sun Hai ______ his mother make dinner when his father got home from work．（ ）
A. was helping B. helps C. helped D. is helping
【答案】 A
【解析】
答案：A
根据 when引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句推断主句描述的是过去某个时间正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时态，它的构成为：主语+was/were+V-ing形式，主语是第三人称单数形式，be动词应该用was。故选A
当孙海的爸爸下班回家的时候，他正在帮助妈妈做晚饭。
本题主要考查动词时态，判断动词的时态，要通过所给的时间状语或上下文等去判断动词的时态。
4 (2022·山东省·单元测试)After you watch this program, you will ______ how much danger they face.
A. realize B. receive C. reach D. refuse
【答案】 A
【解析】
句意：你看完这个项目后，你就会意识到他们面临多大的危险。A.意识到；B.收到；C.达到；D.拒绝。根据句意可知，此处为意识到危险。故选A。
句意：看完这个项目后，你就会意识到他们面临多大的危险。A.意识到；B.收到；C.达到；D.拒绝。根据句意可知，此处意为“意识到危险”。故选A。
5 (2023·黑龙江省·期中考试)______ their opinion, I can solve the problem by myself.
A. For B. In C. To D. With
【答案】 B
【解析】
句意：在他们看来，我没法独自解决这个问题。in one's opinion按照某人的观点；在某人看来，固定短语。故选B
6 (2019·江苏省·同步练习)My parents often ask me ________ too much time ________ computer games.
A. not to spend; playing B. not to spend; to play
C. to not spend; play D. to not spend; playing
【答案】 A
【解析】
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。第一空ask sb. not to do sth.要求某人不做某事，固定短语，所以排除C和D选项；spend time (in) doing sth.，花费时间做某事，固定短语，所以此处用动名词形式。故选A。
7 (2022·广东省·专项测试)—What does Yu Gong Moves a Mountain tell us?
—It tells us we should never give up           ​​​​​​​ there are difficulties in front of us.
A. but B. however C. even though D. unless
【答案】 C
【解析】
句意：——《愚公移山》告诉了我们什么？——它告诉我们应该永远不要放弃，即使我们面前有困难。but “但是”；however “然而”；even though “即使”；unless “除非”。根据句意可知选C。
8 (2022·北京市·单元测试)Tonyˈs toys are ________ more than Susanˈs.
A. many time B. many times C. much times D. more time
【答案】 B
【解析】
固定结构法。“倍数+比较级+ than”结构，表示“……比……（大/长/多……）几倍”。
9 (2023·黑龙江省·期中考试)—What do you usually have for breakfast?
—I used to ________ dumplings. But these days I get used to ________ bread and milk.
A. eating；having B. eat；have C. eating；have D. eat；having
【答案】 D
【解析】
句意：——你早餐通常吃什么？——我过去吃饺子，但是这几天我习惯了吃面包和喝牛奶了。
“过去常常做某事”用“used to do sth.”来表示。“习惯做某事”用“be used to doing sth.”或者“get used to doing sth.”来表示。根据句意“我过去常吃饺子”可知eat用其原形即可。“现在习惯吃面包和喝牛奶”中的动词have应用其ing形式having，故选D。
10 (2023·云南省·期中考试)—Why not           ​​​​​​​ the window? I feel really hot.
—Sure, I'll do it right now.
A. to open B. open C. to close D. close
【答案】 B
【解析】
句意：——为什么不打开窗户？我觉得很热。——当然，我现在就做。open打开，close关闭，why not+动词原形，表示建议，所以空处需用动词原形，根据根据I feel really hot.和Sure可知，感觉热，应该是打开窗户。故选B。
11 (2022·全国·同步练习)The boy with two dogs __________ in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.
A. is playing B. are playing C. was playing D. were playing
【答案】 C
【解析】
句意：地震袭击城市时，那个男孩正在院子里和两条狗玩。根据句意需要用过去进行时，由于boy和two dogs用with连接，就远原则，所以谓语动词用was，故选C。
句意：地震袭击城市时，那个男孩正在院子里和两条狗玩。结合earthquake（地震）为单数名词，且hit（袭击）为动词原形可知，此处when引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时，所以主句的时态用过去进行时“was/were+现在分词”，表示从句的动作在过去发生时，主句的动作也正在进行。主语The boy with two dogs由with连接，主谓一致遵循就远原则，而boy为单数名词，be动词用was。
12 (2019·河北省·月考试卷)-I didn't see Molly last week.
-____I know,she has gone to Singapore.（　　）
A. As far as B. As long as C. As soon as D. As often as
【答案】 A
【解析】
答案：A．考查连词辨析．句意：--我上周没看到莫莉．--据我所知，她去了新加坡．As far as I know据我所知，是固定搭配．As long as只要．As soon as一…就…As often as每次、每当．根据题干第一句I didn't see Molly last week.我上周没看到莫莉．最后一句she has gone to Singapore她去了新加坡．可知此空应填As far as I know据我所知．意为据我所知，她去了新加坡．
故选：A。
--我上周没看到莫莉．--据我所知，她去了新加坡．
理解各个选项的含义，及其用法的区别，根据具体内容作答．
13 (2022·天津市·其他类型)In Chinese families, people won't start dinner___________the elders take their seats.
A. after B. when C. because D. until
【答案】 D
【解析】
句意：在中国家庭里，人们直到长辈坐下才开始吃饭。A.after在......之后；B.when当......时；C.because因为；D.until直到......为止。not…until…直到......才......，固定搭配。故选D。
14 (2022·北京市·单元测试)China is almost as ______ as the US, and it is the ______ country in Asia.
A. big; bigger B. big; biggest C. bigger; biggest D. biggest; biggest
【答案】 B
【解析】
句意：中国几乎跟美国一样大，是亚洲最大的国家。as+形容词原级+as...表示前者和后者一样……，排除C项和D项；根据比较范围in Asia可知，第二空应用形容词最高级，故选B。
15 (2023·甘肃省·模拟题)—Reading is a good way to pass the time on the plane.
—______. I never go travelling without a book.
A. You are joking B. That's true C. I don't think so D. It sounds like fun
【答案】 B
【解析】
句意：——读书是在飞机上消磨时间的好办法。——的确是这样。我在旅游时总是带上书。A.你在开玩笑；B.的确是这样；C.我不这样认为；D.听上去很有趣。根据语境可以推断，第二个人同意第一个人的观点“读书是在飞机上消磨时间的好办法”。故选B。

2 完形填空（10分，共10小题，每小题1分）
(2019·天津市·期末考试)A long time ago， there was a king． He had a beautiful garden． In the garden， there was a little nightingale （夜莺）singing very beautifully．
One day， the king heard about this little bird's beautiful (1) ． He asked his guard to (2) her to him and put her in a golden cage， so she could sing for (3) whenever he wanted to hear her．
The little bird was not (4) ． So she stopped singing one day． The king was very (5) ． He asked the scientists in his palace to make a robot bird． The robot bird could sing very beautifully too． The king was pleased．
Soon the king was ill （生病）and he became very weak． While he was (6) in bed， the king wanted the robot bird to sing (7) ． (8) the robot bird was broken and couldn't sing any more． Suddenly， the nightingale began to sing． The king was very happy!
He became (9) each day．
After the king was well， he (10) a lot and became kind． He took the nightingale out of the cage and made her free．

(1) A. noise B. voice C. sound D. pronunciation

(2) A. bring B. train C. borrow D. feed
(3) A. me B. it C. him D. them

(4) A. excited B. shy C. happy D. quiet
(5) A. interested B. glad C. terrible D. angry

(6) A. jumping B. standing C. lying D. climbing
(7) A. again B. quickly C. alone D. twice

(8) A. So B. And C. Because D. But
(9) A. weaker and weaker B. taller and taller
C. better and better D. younger and younger

(10) A. threw B. changed C. developed D. forgot

【答案】
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B
【解析】
1．B 考查名词辨析．A噪声；B voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌．谈笑都可用voice．sound和noise不仅能指人的声音，还可以表示别的动物发出的声音；而voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外，很少表示其它动物的声音；C sound作"声音"，"响声"讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言；D发音；根据上文singing very beautifully唱得非常好，the king heard about this little bird's beautiful 应该是听到了鸟漂亮的声音，故答案是B．
2．A 考查动词辨析．A带来；B训练；C借；D喂；根据He asked his guard to （2）her to him and put her in a golden cage后面说放到一个黄金的笼子里，应该是让卫兵把她给带来，故答案是A．
3．C 考查代词辨析．A我；B 它；C他；D 他们；根据so she could sing for（3）whenever he wanted to hear her，后面说无论何时他想听时，应该是为他唱歌，故答案是C．
4．C 考查形容词辨析．A兴奋的；B害羞的；C开心的；D安静的；根据后面So she stopped singing one day不再唱歌，应该是不开心了，故答案是C．
5．D 考查形容词辨析．A感兴趣的；B高兴的；C可怕的；D 生气的；根据上句不唱了， The king was very 国王应该非常生气，故答案是D．
6．C 考查动词辨析．A跳；B站；C躺；D爬；根据 While he was （6）in bed，应该是躺在床上，故答案是C．
7．A 考查副词辨析．A再次；B快地；C孤单；D 两次；根据the king wanted the robot bird to sing 应该是想让鸟再次唱歌，故答案是A．
8．D 考查连词辨析．A所以；B和；C因为；D但是；根据上句想让机器鸟唱歌，后面the robot bird was broken and couldn't sing any more．机器人鸟坏了，不能再唱歌了．转折关系，故答案是D．
9．C 考查短语辨析．A越来越弱；B越来越高；C越来越好；D越来越年轻；根据下句After the king was well，在国王病好后，前面应该是在听到歌声后越来越好，故答案是C．
10．B 考查动词辨析．A扔；B改变；C发展；D忘记；根据后面 He took the nightingale out of the cage and made her free他把夜莺从笼子里拿出来放了出来．可知国王发生了改变，故答案是B．
这篇短文中的国王因为喜欢夜莺的叫声，而把它关进笼子里，想要随时听到它的叫声．可是夜莺因为不高兴停止了唱歌，国王就命人制作了一只机器鸟唱歌．不久这只机器鸟变旧了，唱不出优美的歌声．国王因此而生病，最后在夜莺甜美的歌声陪伴下，国王渐渐康复，也从中学到了爱和善良，更加善待他的国民．
考查完型填空．根据所给的短文对意思有所了解，然后根据短文的大体意思，选择每个符合题意的答案，使短文更通顺．

3 阅读理解（30分，共三篇阅读，每篇阅读5小题，每小题2分）
A
(2019·湖北省·月考试卷)    Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on Earth. What many people don't know is that junk (垃圾）has become a problem in outer space too.
    According to BBC News, there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes (望远镜）. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.
    Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at such a high speed that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.
    To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a US satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.
    To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere after that time. In the upper part of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
    Many scientists also suggest cleaning up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn it up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.
    "The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers," says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space researcher.
    "The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become," he says.

(1) What does the underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Telescopes. B. Satellites.
C. Pieces of space junk D. BBC news reports.
(2) Why is space junk considered a problem?
A. It burns up after it enters the atmosphere.
B. It often stops the view of telescopes on Earth.
C. It could force new space tools to travel at slower speed.
D. It may crash into other space tools, causing damage or death.
(3) Countries want future space tools to be able to fall back into the earth's atmosphere so that ______.
A. the tools can be reused later
B. the tools don't become space junk
C. the earth's atmosphere can stay clean
D. the effects of space flight can be studied
(4) How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk?
A. To catch it with nets.
B. To use robots to collect it.
C. To burn it in the earth’s atmosphere.
D. To send it farther away from the earth.
(5) In which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article?
A. Environment. B. Local news. C. Education. D. Fashion.

【答案】
1 C 2 D 3 B 4 B 5 A
【解析】
【文章大意】主要介绍了太空的垃圾以及处理办法。
1. these那些，代指上文出现的事物。根据第二段第一句话According to BBC News, there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. 可知：根据BBC新闻，有超过两万两千片空间垃圾漂浮在地球的周围，可知these指的是more than 22,000 pieces of space junk。故选C。
2. ​根据第三段 Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at such a high speed that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts.If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.这些太空垃圾飞行速度非常快，甚至非常小的块会撞击重要的卫星，或对宇航员变得危险，如果最小的垃圾撞击宇宙飞船，它可能会损害宇宙飞船。与D选项表述一直，故选D。
3. 根据倒数第四段内容To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most.可知，为了减少附加的太空垃圾，国家们已经同意所有的太空工具至多在太空呆25年，在那段时间后被建的每个工具必须安全落回到地球的大气中。可知这样做是为了不让这些工具成为太空垃圾。故选B。
4. ​根据倒数第三段最后一句The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.可知：德国人在建能收集太空垃圾碎片的机器人，把垃圾带回地球安全毁坏。故选B。
5. 根据文章大意可知写这篇文章是为了保护地球环境，因此这篇文章可能会在报纸的环境部分出现。故选A。

B
(2020·四川省·月考试卷)
“Everything happens for the best,” my mother said,whenever things weren’t going my way.“Don’t worry;one day your luck will change.”
Mother was right,as I discovered after I had finished my college education.I had decided to try for a job in radio.One day,I wanted to host(主持) a sports program.I went to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station.But I got turned down every time. 
In one station,a kind lady said my problem was that I hadn’t got enough experience.“Get some work in a small station and work your way up,” she said.
I went back home.I couldn’t get a job there,either.I felt really down.“Your luck will change,” Mom said to me.I tried another radio station in Iowa.But the owner told me he had already had someone.As I left his office,I asked,“How can someone be a sports announcer(播音员) if he can’t get a job in a radio station?”
I was waiting for the lift when I heard the man call,“What did you mean?Do you know anything about football?” He put me in front of a microphone and asked me to try to imagine that I was giving my opinion on a football game.I succeeded.
On my way home,Mom’s words came back to me,“One day your luck will change,Son.And when it happens,you’ll feel doubly(加倍地) good because of all the hard work you’ve done.” At that moment I knew just what she meant.
(1) What job was the writer most interested in?
A. A sportsman. B. A sports announcer.
C. A shop assistant. D. A reporter.
(2) The underlined sentence “But I got turned down every time.” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “_______”.
A. But I was successful every time. B. But I was refused every time.
C. But I lost my way every time. D. But I found my way every time.
(3) Why didn’t the writer get the job in Chicago?
A. Because he was too young.
B. Because he didn’t get college education.
C. Because he hadn’t got enough experience.
D. Because his mother was ill.
(4) Where did the writer find a job?
A. In Iowa. B. In his hometown. C. In Chicago. D. In New York.
(5) What’s the best title of this passage?
A. I Was Lucky to Find a Job B. No One Is Always Lucky
C. Everything Happens for the Best D. How to Be a Sports Announcer

【答案】
1 B 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 C
【解析】
1.【文章大意】本文讲述的是作者在求职路上屡受挫折，但在妈妈的鼓励下没有气馁，而是坚持下来，“发生什么事情都是好的”这句话一直鼓励着作者，最终他也取得了成功。
细节理解题。根据第二段One day I wanted to host(主持) a sports program.可知，作者的理想工作是当一名体育节目主持人，故选B。
2.词句猜测题。根据下文In one station, a kind lady said my problem was that I hadn't got enough experience.“ 在一个车站，一位善良的女士说我的问题是我没有足够的经验。”可知，上文But I got turned down every time.但我每次都被拒绝，got turn down相当于refuse“拒绝”，故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段In one station, a kind lady said my problem was that I hadn't got enough experience.可知，作者在芝加哥没有获得这份工作是因为缺乏经验，故选C。
4.细节理解题。根据第四段和第五段I tried another radio station in Iowa....I succeeded.可知，作者在Iowa找到了工作，故选A。
5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，整篇文章都是在讲作者对Everything happens for the best这句话的体会和理解，所以选项C可作为文章标题，故选C。

C
(2019·河南省·月考试卷)Smog(雾霾) is a kind of air pollution. It makes the sky look grey and dirty, and its air pollutants(污染物) come from many kinds of natural and manmade sources.
Smog is a big problem for our daily life. In smog weather, many people choose to wear masks (口罩) when they go out. And just because of smog weather, many traffic accidents have happened，many flights are stopped, a lot of people have to stay at home because they think the air is dangerous, and more people with different diseases have to go to see the doctor.
People now see the great danger of the smog and the importance of caring the environment. People all over the country are taking actions. First of all, the laws (法律) must be carried out(执行) strictly. Secondly, it will be better for people to go to work or school with public traffic, such as the bus and subway, instead of the car. What’s more, we should plant more trees.
(1) What is smog?
A. A kind of water pollution. B. A kind of noise pollution.
C. A kind of air pollution.
(2) In smog weather, what do many people choose to wear?
A. Masks. B. Sweaters. C. Jackets.
(3) In smog weather, what may happen?
A. There are more people exercising in the park.
B. There are more traffic accidents on the road.
C. Nobody goes to the hospital.
(4) What can we do to do with smog?
A. Try not to use public traffic. B. Carry out the laws strictly.
C. Plant fewer trees.
(5) According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Smog makes the sky look terrible.
B. It tells us two ways to protect environment.
C. Taking public traffic is good for the environment.

【答案】
1 C 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 B
【解析】
这篇文章主要讲了约翰得了咳嗽，去看医生，医生给他拿了感冒药，以及药物的使用说明。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段，Smog(雾霾) is a kind of air pollution.。雾霾是一种空气污染。可知选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段，In smog weather, many people choose to wear masks (口罩)。在雾霾的天气里，人们选择戴口罩。可知应选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段And just because of smog weather, many traffic accidents have happened。因为雾霾，发生了很多交通事故。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据第三段，First of all, the laws (法律) must be carried out(执行) strictly. Secondly, it will be better for people to go to work or school with public traffic, such as the bus and subway, instead of the car. What’s more, we should plant more trees.首先必须严格的执行法律，第二，人们出行时乘公共交通是更好的，还有，我们应该种更多的树。故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段，First of all, the laws (法律) must be carried out(执行) strictly. Secondly, it will be better for people to go to work or school with public traffic, such as the bus and subway, instead of the car. What’s more, we should plant more trees.首先必须严格的执行法律，第二，人们出行时乘公共交通是更好的，还有，我们应该种更多的树。可知告诉了人们三种方法。故选B。

4 补全对话（5分，共5小题，每小题1分）
(2023·安徽省·月考试卷)A: Hi, Anna! Where are you going?
B:   (1)  
A: Are you going shopping?
B: Yes. Motherˈs Day is coming.   (2)  
A: Oh, really? What gift are you going to buy?
B: A dress.   (3)  
A: Thatˈs great.
B:   (4)   What are you going to do?
A: Well, I am going to take my mother for dinner.
B: Sounds like fun.   (5)  
A: Thanks. You, too.

A．How about you?
B．To the supermarket.
C．She likes dresses best.
D．What do you think of it?
E．Thatˈs a really great idea!
F．Have a good Motherˈs Day!
G．Iˈd like to buy a gift for my mother.
(1) ______

(2) ______
(3) ______

(4) ______
(5)  ______

【答案】
1 B 2 G 3 C 4 A 5 F
【解析】
1. 由上文的Where are you going?（你要去哪？）以及下文的Are you going shopping?（你要去购物吗？）可知，此处需用选项B“去超市”承上启下。
2. 由前文Motherˈs Day is coming.（母亲节就要到了。）以及下文的What gift are you going to buy?（你要买什么礼物？）可知选项G“我想给我妈妈买一件礼物。”适合承上启下。
3. 由前句A dress.（一条裙子。）可知选项C“她最喜欢裙子。”解释买裙子的原因。
4. 由下文What are you going to do?（你要买什么？）可知，此处用选项A“你呢？”询问对方的打算。
5. 由回答Thanks. You, too.（谢谢。你也是。）可知，此处需祝福F“母亲节快乐！”

5 完成句子（10分，共5小题，每小题2分）
1 (2020·天津市·期中考试)两天后我们终于完成了工作。
We finished our work ______ ______ two days later.
【答案】 at last
【解析】
根据题干，可知考查：at last最终。
故答案为at last。
We finished our work at last two days later.
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
2 (2020·天津市·期中考试)他们正在把错记在笔记本上。
They are ____________ their mistakes in their notebooks.
【答案】 writing down
【解析】
根据题干，可知考查：write  down记下。由句意可知时态是现在进行时are+doing。
故答案为writing down。
They are writing down their mistakes in their notebooks.
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
3 (2021·天津市·期末考试)她总是一个人坐在窗前安静地看书。
She always sits in front of the window and reads ______ ______ .
【答案】 by herself
【解析】
根据题干，可知考查：by herself她独自地。
故答案为by herself.
She always sits in front of the window and reads by herself.
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
4 (2019·天津市·期中考试)收到你的信真是太好了， 真想马上见到你。
It was great to hear from you, and I ______ to meet you.
【答案】 can’t wait
【解析】
can't wait to do sth：迫不及待做某事。结合句意： 真想马上见到你。也就是迫不及待想见到你。
故答案为：can't wait
It was great to hear from you, and  I can't wait to meet you.
汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子．
5 (2019·天津市·期中考试)在拼写比赛中大明获得了一等奖。
Darning got the ______ in the spelling competition.
【答案】 first prize
【解析】
Darning 为主语；got"获得了"谓语动词；the first prize一等奖，the 后跟序数词"第一"first； in the spelling competition在拼写比赛中。
故答案为：first prize
Darning got the first prize in the spelling competition.
汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子。

6 任务型阅读（5分， 共5小题，每小题1分）
(2021·陕西省·期末考试)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
The Winter Olympic Games are a big international sports event.The Games take place every four years.The first Winter Olympics,the 1924 Winter Olympics,were in Chamonix,France.There were some ice sports such as skiing,skating,ice hockey,ski jumping and speed skating.
The 24th Winter Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.It will be from 4 to 20 February,2022.There will be three zones（区域） for the Games ：Beijing,Yanqing,and Zhangjiakou.
The Beijing zone will be for the opening and closing ceremonies（仪式） and ice sports.Yanqing zone will be mainly used for skiing competitions.Zhangjiakou zone will be for the snow sports.Both Yanqing and Zhangjiakou zones are on the north-west of the Beijing zone,near the Yanshan Mountain.With pleasant temperatures and a perfect environment,these two places are good choices for the snow sports of Beijing 2022.
The high-speed railway can take people to the three zones and make the travel time shorter between the Beijing and Zhangjiakou zones,only 50 minutes.Within each zone,the convenient public transport can take players to the stadiums or fields within 5 to 15 minutes from the Olympic Villages.In 2008 ，the 28th Summer Olympics were held in Beijing.In 2022，Beijing will become the first city to hold both the summer and winter Olympics.
The IOC（国际奥委会） said. "Beijing plans to use the Games to help with the development of winter sports,culture and tourist areas as well as people's interest in winter sports. "

(1) When did the first Winter Olympics take place？
The first Winter Olympics took place ______ .
(2) How many zones are there for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games？
There will be ______ zones for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
(3) What will the Beijing zone be used for？
The Beijing zone will be for ______ and ice sports.
(4) How long does it take people from the Beijing zone to Zhangjiakou zone？
It takes people ______ .
(5) What will the Winter Olympic Games bring to Beijing？
It will help with ______ culture and tourist areas as well as people's interest in winter sports.

【答案】
1 in 1924
2 three
3 the opening and closing ceremonies
4 only 50 minutes
5 the development of winter sports
【解析】
细节理解题。
（1）in 1924 .根据The first Winter Olympics,the 1924 Winter Olympics,were in Chamonix,France.可知，第一届冬季奥运会，是于1924年在法国夏蒙尼举办的冬季奥运会。故答案为In 1924。
（2）three.根据There will be three zones for the Games ：Beijing,Yanqing,and Zhangjiakou.可知，比赛有三个赛区，分别在北京、延庆和张家口。故答案为three。
（3）the opening and closing ceremonies.根据The Beijing zone will be for the opening and closing ceremonies and ice sports.可知，北京地区将用于开幕式和闭幕式以及冰上运动。故答案为the opening and closing ceremonies。
（4）only 50 minutes .根据The high-speed railway can take people to the three zones and make the travel time shorter between the Beijing and Zhangjiakou zones,only 50 minutes.可知，高速铁路可以将人们带到这三个区域，使北京和张家口之间的旅行时间缩短，仅50分钟。故答案为only 50 minutes。
（5）the development of winter sports.根据 The IOC said. "Beijing plans to use the Games to help with the development of winter sports,culture and tourist areas as well as people's interest in winter sports. "可知，国际奥委会说北京计划利用奥运会促进冬季体育、文化和旅游区的发展，以及人们对冬季体育的兴趣。故答案为the development of winter sports。
文章讲了2022年北京冬季奥运会。第24届冬季奥运会将于2022年2月4日至20日在北京举行。比赛有三个赛区，分别在北京、延庆和张家口。国际奥委会说北京计划利用奥运会促进冬季体育、文化和旅游区的发展，以及人们对冬季体育的兴趣。
本篇文章主要考查细节理解题，在做细节理解题的时候，需要读懂题目内容，然后带着题目内容回文章定位，一旦定位准确，将选项内容与文章内容进行比对，符合原文即为正确选项。

7 首字母填空 （10分，共10小题，每小题1分）
(2023·期末考试)
先阅读短文，然后在短文空白处写出单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
A black boy helped his father look after the barrels (桶). Every morning he cleaned up every barrel on the farm and then put them in o     (1)     . To his anger, the wind blew the barrels here and there during the night.
The boy wrote a letter to the wind, “Please don’t blow down my barrels.” After seeing that, his father asked the boy, “Can the wind r     (2)     your letter?” The little boy said, “I don’t know but I have no other c       (3)     .”
The next morning when the little boy ran to see the barrels, he found that the annoying wind still blew the barrels down again. The little boy couldn’t help c     (4)     . His father said gently, “Boy, don’t be sad. We may have no way of how to s       (5)      the wind from doing that, but we can come up with our o     (6)      ways to the barrels.”
Then the little boy stopped to think over and over. After thinking half a day, he finally found out a way. He c       (7)      some water from the river and poured it into those e     (8)      barrels. On the third morning, the little boy went out and saw the barrels were in good order.
The little boy told his father calmly, “If we don’t want the barrels blown down by the wind, we have no way to the wind b       (9)      we have ways to the barrels. It’s a very s     (10)      way that is to add weight to the barrels.”“ You are a young adult now,” said his father happily.
(1) o________
(2) r________
(3) c________
(4) c________
(5) s________
(6) o________
(7) c________
(8) e________
(9) b________
(10) s________

【答案】
1 order 2 read 3 choices 4 crying 5 stop 6 own 7 collected 8 empty 9 but 10 simple
【解析】
1.结合A black boy helped his father look after the barrels（一个黑人男孩帮他父亲照看木桶）以及To his anger, the wind blew the barrels here and there during the night.（让他生气的是，风在夜里把木桶吹得到处都是。）可知，此处是说“每天早上，他都把农场里的每一个木桶打扫干净，然后把它们放整齐”。in order整齐，秩序井然，固定短语。
2.结合The boy wrote a letter to the wind, “Please don’t blow down my barrels.”（男孩给风写了一封信，“请不要吹倒我的桶。”）可知，此处是说“风能读你的信吗？”read读，动词。can为情态动词，其后接动词原形。
3.结合After seeing that, his father asked the boy, “Can the wind r     (2)     your letter?”（父亲看后问男孩:“风能读你的信吗?”）可知，此处是说：小男孩说：“我不知道，但我别无选择。”choice选择，可数名词，结合other可知，此处用其复数形式choices。
4.结合The next morning when the little boy ran to see the barrels, he found that the annoying wind still blew the barrels down again.（第二天早上，当小男孩跑去看桶时，他发现讨厌的风仍然把桶吹倒了。）以及His father said gently, “Boy, don't be sad.（他的父亲温柔地说：“孩子，别难过。”）可知，小男孩忍不住哭了起来。cry哭泣，动词。couldn't help doing sth.忍不住做某事，固定用法，所以此处用动名词crying。
5.结合The next morning when the little boy ran to see the barrels, he found that the annoying wind still blew the barrels down again.可知，此处是说“我们可能没有办法阻止风那样做”。stop阻止，动词。how to do sth.如何做某事，固定用法，所以此处用动词原形stop。
6.but表示转折，结合We may have no way of how to s       (5)      the wind from doing that（我们可能没有办法阻止风那样做）可知，此处是说“我们可以自己想办法控制这些桶”。own自己的，形容词；one's own某人自己的，固定表达。
7.结合Then the little boy stopped to think over and over. After thinking half a day, he finally found out a way.（然后小男孩停下来想了又想。经过半天的思考，他终于找到了一个办法。）可知，他从河里收集了一些水，倒进那些空桶里。collect收集，动词。此处描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，collect用过去式collected。
8.结合Then the little boy stopped to think over and over. After thinking half a day, he finally found out a way.（然后小男孩停下来想了又想。经过半天的思考，他终于找到了一个办法。）可知，他从河里收集了一些水，倒进那些空桶里。empty空的，形容词，此处作定语。
9.结合前后句，“If we don't want the barrels blown down by the wind, we have no way to the wind如果我们不想让木桶被风吹倒，我们对风没有方法”以及“we have ways to the barrels我们对桶有方法”可知，此处存在转折的关系，所以用but（但是）连接句子。
10.结合He c       (7)      some water from the river and poured it into those e     (8)      barrels.可知，此处是说“这是一个非常简单的方法，就是增加桶的重量。”simple简单的，形容词，此处作定语修饰名词way。

8 书面表达 （15分）
(2022·安徽省·月考试卷)亲爱的同学们，课余时间、周末、假期，你们通常都是怎样度过的呢？请以“My Free Time”为题，写一篇短文。
信息提示： 1 参加运动，强身健体；
2  娱乐活动，放松心情；
3  做家务，帮助父母；
4 课外阅读，开拓视野。
要点：1  根据信息提示，把握要点，适当发挥，不逐字翻译。
2 文中不得出现真实人名或校名。
3  词数为80-100。文章的开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
My Free Time
I have lots of things to do in my free time.
                                                                              



                                                                                  

【参考文章】
My Free Time
I have lots of things to do in my free time.
Usually I take exercise after school so that I can keep healthy and study better. Sometimes I listen to the music for a while, which is a good way to relax myself. Of course, I help my parents with the housework at the weekends too. When I get tired, I would like to sit by the window and read books such as a novel, a science fiction, or even a poem. Reading calms my heart down and satisfies my hunger for knowledge.
I love my free time because I enjoy the freedom.

【解析】
这是一篇命题作文，介绍自己的课余生活、周末、假期。结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时态，人称为单数第一人称，句子结构主要为系表结构，主谓宾结构，注意运用所给短语。叙述顺序基本按照时间顺序叙述即可，注意上下文的逻辑关系。文中适当使用代词，注意避免句式的单调重复，避免单词及语法错误。