高中北师大版 (2019)Unit 8 Green livingLesson 1 Roots and Shoots学案及答案

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这是一份高中北师大版 (2019)Unit 8 Green livingLesson 1 Roots and Shoots学案及答案，共24页。

Part Ⅱ　Lesson 1　Roots and Shoots
学习目标
话题语境
绿色生活与环保
课时词汇
root, shoot, bother, firm, foundation, involve
常用短语
suffer from, so what, take action, set up, all around the world, make a difference, have an effect on
重点句式
make＋宾语＋宾补；so that引导目的状语从句

单词巧练　写准记牢
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词
1．________adj. 担心的；烦恼的
2．________adj. 坚实的；稳固的
3．________n. 基础；地基
4．________vt. 参与；包含
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式
1．I visited a number of research i________ in Asia.
2．Bake the cakes until they are f________ to the touch.
3．The builders are now beginning to lay the ________ (地基) of the new school.
4．He had a ________ (砖) thrown at him at that meeting.
5．He was ________ (参与) in a heated argument.
6．Even if you plant the seed upside down, the r________ will still grow down.
7．Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green s________ started to appear.
8．He's very b________ about what people think of him.

►第一版块：重点单词
1.root n．树根；根源；起因；(某人的)祖籍，根　v．生根；翻找，搜寻
(教材P31)Roots& Shoots根与芽
[用法归纳]
tree roots 树根
have one's roots in sth. 源于
go back to one's roots 找到……的根
put down roots (植物)生根；定居
take root in (植物)生根；扎根；……被接受；深入人心
root around/about 翻找
root out 消除；根除；杜绝
root up 将(植物)连根拔起
be rooted to the spot/ground/floor (因害怕、惊吓、震惊等)呆若木鸡；不能动弹
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①But though he was rooted ________ his past, he wasn't stuck there.
②After his parents left the world, Peter felt ________ (root).
③Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition ________________________ (起源于) the custom of sharing bread.
④So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over ________________ (树根) or otherwise looking like a fool?
⑤He __________________________ (找到他的根) and rediscovered the beauty in Chinese folk music.
词语拓展：
rooted adj.根源的；起源的；根深蒂固的
rootless adj.无家可归的；无所归属的

2.shoot v. (shot, shot)射中；射击；发射　n．芽；苗；嫩枝
(教材P31)Roots &Shoots根与芽
[合作探究]体会shoot的用法和意义
Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green shoots started to appear.
我们播种后两周，绿色的小嫩芽就开始长出了。
The hunter took a shoot at the deer in the distance.
猎手向远处的那头鹿开了枪。
The new soldier shot at the target, but missed it again.
这个新兵向靶子射击，但又没有射中。
[用法归纳]
shoot at 向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)
shoot sb. dead 开枪打死某人
shoot up 猛涨；快速增长；突然出现
shoot out 从里面射出；突然出击；迅速长出
shoot sb. in the head/back/leg 射中某人的头部/背部/腿部
shoot sb. 击中某人
shoot sb./sth. down 将某人/某物击落
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
①One of her cousins ________ (shoot) dead only a few streets away from where she lived.
②The hunter shot ________ the deer, but he didn't shoot it.
③The murderer ________ (shoot) the man in the back and stole the diamond from his suitcase.
④I took ________ shot at the beautiful scenery in the desert.
⑤After last week's rain, the weeds have ________________ (迅速生长).
⑥David ____________________________ (试着) coming close to the injured wolf.
⑦这株植物的芽很嫩，所以你应该把它放在阴凉处。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
shot n．射击；发射；投球；击球；镜头；画面；机会；尝试
take/fire a shot开枪，射击；投球；拍照
give/have a shot at sth.尝试
易错提醒：
注意：“shoot sb. in＋the＋身体部位”中，身体部位名词前用the。
shoot at sb.向某人射击(不一定射中)；shoot sb.打中某人。
shoot sb. dead开枪打死某人，dead是形容词作宾语补足语。
＝shoot sb. in the＋部位
＝shoot sb.'s＋部位
如：shoot him in the head＝shoot his head打中他的头部

3.bothered adj. 担心的；烦恼的
(教材P31)Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.例如，你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
[合作探究]体会bother的用法和意义
Don't bother to get dinner for me.
请不必费事为我做饭了。
I'm sorry that I have to bother you with/about this problem.
对不起，我要用这个问题来麻烦你了。
[用法归纳]
bother about 担心；麻烦
bother sb. with sth. 拿某事来烦扰某人
bother to do/doing sth. 花时间/精力做某事
can not be bothered to do sth. 懒得做某事
be bothered about sb./sth. 关心某人或某事
Why bother? 何必那么麻烦？
Don't bother. 不用麻烦了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
①Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what ________ (bother) them.
②Please don't bother ________ (buy) me an air ticket. I've got one.
③Must you bother me ________ such silly jokes?
④________________ (何必那么麻烦)? We can stay at home and watch films online.
⑤The famous movie star could hardly walk down the street without ________________ (没有被打扰).
⑥我懒得向他解释为什么参加聚会迟到了。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
bother v．打扰；烦扰；麻烦
bothersome adj.令人烦恼的；麻烦的；讨厌的
名师提示：
say在句中的意思是“假定，比如说”之意，如：
①Let's take any writer, say Dickens.咱们随便拿个作家为例，比方说狄更斯。
这里say＝for example例如。
②Say you have an accident, who would look after you？假如你出了事故，谁来照顾你呢？
这里say＝if/suppose。

4.firm adj.坚实的；稳固的；确定的；坚定的；严格的，严厉的　n．公司；商行；事务所
(教材P31)The organisation is called Roots&Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖墙的阻挡。
[用法归纳]
firm beliefs 坚定的信仰
a firm believer 坚信者
firm evidence 可靠的证据
hold a firm belief 拥有坚定的信念
be firm with sb. 对某人严厉
take firm action 采取严厉行动
a firm hand 强硬手段；铁腕政策
firm sth. up 使变得结实，稳固
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①I ________ (firm) believe that we must act at once to put an end to the conflict.
②His company is very big and has connections with a lot of American ________ (firm).
③My mother ________________________ (拥有坚定的信念) that education can change one's fate.
④If the local government ________________________ (采取严厉行动) at once, things will become better soon.
⑤His father ________________________ (对……严厉) Jackson, so they don't get along well with each other.
⑥Exercise can firm ________ your muscles.
词语拓展：
1．firm→firmly adv.坚信地；坚决地
2．found vt.建立，创建，创立

found sth. on sth.＝base sth. on sth.将一事物建立在另一事物的基础上/以……作为……的基础
e．g. a novel founded on fact根据事实写成的小说
3．foundation n．创立，创办，建立；基金/基金会；基础
make a foundation打基础
lay the foundations of a building给建筑物奠基

5.foundation n．基础；基地
[用法归纳]
lay a (firm/solid) foundation for 为……打下(坚实的)基础
found sth. on sth.＝base sth. on sth. 把……建立在……的基础上
be founded on... 建立在……的基础上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子
①Early study laid a firm ________ (found) for his research.
②The business, ________ (found) by Mr Smith, has suffered a great loss.
③She plans to start a ________ (found) for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.
④严格的训练为他的成功奠定了坚实的基础。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
found vt.创建；创办；建立，创立
founder n．创办者，发起人
易混提醒：
find vt.找到，发现→found→found
found vt.创建；建立→founded→founded
finding n．(复数)findings (调查)发现 (调查)结果
foundation n．基础，基地

6.involve vt.参与；包含；需要；牵涉，涉及；专心于
(教材P31)It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world.正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至千百万人参与其中，这将改变世界。
[合作探究]体会involve的用法和意义
Don't involve me in your quarrel！不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中！
He was involved in reading the novel all morning.他整个早上都在专心读小说。
Nobody in my life really wants to be involved with me.
在我的生命中，没有一个人真正想融入我的生活。
[用法归纳]
involve doing sth. 包含/需要做某事
involve sb. in sth. 把某人牵涉(或牵扯)到某事里
be/get involved in/with 参加，参与；与……有关
be involved with 与……关系密切
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get ________ (involve) in various activities on Earth Day.
②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ________ (involve) spending quite a lot of time with students.
③Running your own business usually involves ________ (work) long hours.
④You'd better not be involved ________ Peter, who is addicted to taking drugs.
⑤We didn't realise how much work ________ (involve) in organising a wedding.
⑥I don't want to ______________________ (卷入) the quarrel between Tom and Jack.
⑦Try to ____________________________________ (让尽可能多的孩子参与) the game.
词语拓展：
involved adj.参与的；有关联的；复杂难懂的
involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连；投入；沉迷
易错提醒：
involved作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同：
the people involved所涉及的人
an involved plot复杂的情节
知识拓展：
①dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等表示数量的词在表示具体数量时可直接后加名词复数形式。如：a dozen books一打书；a score (of) books二十本书；two hundred desks二百张课桌；five million dollars五百万美元
②在表示几十，许多，数以百计，数以千计或数以百万计之意思时则用“dozens of＋名词复数”，“scores of＋名词复数”，“millions of＋名词复数”，“hundreds of＋名词复数”，“thousands of＋名词复数”等形式。如：scores of people许多人；thousands of students数以千计的学生
但注意“several hundred people几百名人”等表达方式。

►第二版块：重点短语
1.suffer from(身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
(教材P31)Most people suffer from what is known as “Justmeism”．很多人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。
[用法归纳]
suffer pain/hardship 经历痛苦/困难
suffer a defeat/a loss/damage/punishment 遭受失败/损失/损害/惩罚
suffer from a bad back 背疼
suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒
suffer from ill health 身体不好
suffer from a headache/toothache 头疼/牙疼
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
①With no rain for over a year, the city is suffering ________ unusually hot weather.
②You always turned a deaf ear to our advice, so you deserve the ________ (suffer) now.
③The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees ________________ (已经遭受) the greatest water shortage.
④他的公司遭受了重大损失。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤汤姆头痛，所以我建议他去看医生。
________________________________________________________________________
词语拓展：
sufferer n．受害者；患者
suffering n．痛苦；疼痛；苦难

2.so what那又怎样
(教材P31)You know that all those things are wrong, but so what?
你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？
[用法归纳]
What if...? 如果……怎么办？
What for? 为什么？
Why me? 为什么是我？
Why not? 为什么不呢？
How come? 怎么会呢？
Who cares? (常用于无礼地表示)管它呢，谁管呢？
[即学即练]　完成句子
①—Mrs Brown will be unhappy if you don't go to the gettogether.
—________________ (那又怎样)? I hate being with her.
②—Jim, can you work this Sunday?
—________________ (为什么是我)? I've been working for two weeks on end.
③—Michael was late for Mr Smith's chemistry class this morning.
—________________ (怎么会呢)? As far as I know, he never came late to class.
④________________ (如果……怎么办) they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in?
⑤________________ going to the movies this evening?
名师提示：
这些省略句都是经过长期发展、约定俗成的口语省略结构。很少有人关注其省略的成分。
(1)possible/necessary与if, when, where, whenever, wherever连用总是省略it is
(2)as...as possible尽可能……
(3)if only往往省略虚拟句，表示“要是……就好了”。
(4)what if/though要是/即使……怎么办/样
(5)what/how about...？……如何/怎样？(提出建议或征求对方意见)
(6)why/why not do...？为什么不这样做呢？

3.take action采取行动
(教材P31)To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots&Shoots was established.为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”诞生了。
[合作探究]体会take action的用法和意义
They took a risk in driving on, in spite of the storm.
尽管有暴风雨，他们还是冒险驾车赶路。
The new law takes effect from tomorrow.新法律从明天起生效。
We should take measures/steps to keep air and water clean.
我们应该采取措施保持空气和水的清洁。
[用法归纳]
take action against 采取行动反对
take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
take steps to do sth. 采取行动做某事
in action 在运转；在活动中
into action 实施；实行
out of action 停止运转；失去效用；不能工作
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子/完成句子
①It's time to take action ________ the rising crime rate in our city.
②The local government has taken ________ (act) to improve air quality.
③We should take action ________ (protect) those endangered species.
④联合国呼吁所有国家立即采取行动。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤I would like to see the new car __________________. (运转)
⑥I am afraid the computer is ________________. (停止运转)
知识拓展：
measure的用法：
1．v.量；测量；测量起来是
We measured the distance.我们测量这段距离。
The rowingboat measures 20 feet.这划艇长20英尺。
2．vt.衡量，判定
It's hard to measure his ability when we haven't seen his works.没有见过他的作品，很难衡量他的能力。
3．n.步骤；办法
take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
safety measures安全措施
4．n.尺寸，尺码，标准
make a coat for sb. to sb.'s measure
依照某人的尺寸为某人做件上衣

4.set up建立；创办
(教材P31)This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall...这个组织于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立……
[用法归纳]
set about doing sth. 开始/着手做某事
set out to do sth. 开始/着手做某事
set aside 把……放到一旁；留出(钱或时间)
set down 记下，写下；制定；放下
set off 动身，出发；引发，激起
set out (for) 出发(去)，动身(去)
set fire to sth.＝set sth. on fire 点燃
set sb. free 释放某人
set an example to/for 为……树立榜样
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①With the help of his uncle, Peter set ________ a company of his own.
②If we had set ________ her address, we wouldn't have had difficulty finding her house.
③We need to set ________ finding a way to deal with the problem.
④They succeeded in what they set ________ to do.
⑤He decided to set ________ a school for the poor children from the mountain villages.
⑥She sets ________ a bit of money every month for the future use.
⑦Ralph W. Emerson would always ________________ (记录) new ideas that occurred to him.
⑧Armed with the information you have gathered, you can ________________ (开始) preparing your business plan.
⑨Alice is a very nice girl and ready to help others. She has ______________________ (为……树立榜样) us and we should learn from her.
⑩One afternoon the sailors ________________ (出发) from the coast in a small boat and were caught in a storm.
⑪Lang Lang International Music Foundation, ________________ (被成立) over 10 years ago, has raised millions of dollars to support young musicians.
一言助记：
The fisherman was set free. He set down his suitcase, set up a tent and set fire to some wood to get warm. After he had set a date for going home, he set about preparing to set out next week.渔夫被释放了。他放下行李箱，搭了个帐篷，烧了一些木头取暖。在确定了回家的日期之后，他开始做准备下周出发。
名师点拨：
set about doing sth.中的about在短语中是介词，故about后应用动名词作介词宾语。而set out to do sth.中的out是副词。所以后面不能用名词、代词和动名词，只能用不定式。

5.all around the world全世界
(教材P31)The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world.根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地的年轻人。
[用法归纳]
　　　

全世界
[即学即练]　完成句子
①In the last few years thousands of films have been produced ____________________ (全世界).
②The post has since gained the attention of social media users ____________________ (全世界), receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61，500 likes in just three days.
词义拓展：world
the world世界；全世界的人
in the whole world全世界
in the world ①在世界上，在全世界②到底，究竟(用在特殊疑问词的后面，用以加强语气。)
如：①What in the world are you doing？你到底在干什么？(＝on earth)
②Who in the world/on earth is going to Shanghai？到底/究竟谁打算去上海？

6.make a difference (to)(对……)产生影响；(对……)有意义
(教材P31)Every individual makes a difference.每个人都会产生影响。
[用法归纳]
make a big/great difference (to) (对……)产生很大的影响
make no/little difference (to) (对……)无影响；没关系
make some difference (to) (对……)有些影响/关系/作用
There is no difference between A and B A和B之间无差别
A is different from B A与B不同
[即学即练]　完成句子
①Hannah is one of many examples of young people who ________________________ (正产生影响) in the world.
②What she says will ________________________ (对……无影响) our plan.
③What we are doing now will ________________________ (对……产生很大的影响) the children's future.
知识拓展：
“对……产生影响”的短语
have an impact on...
have an influence on
have an effect on
make a difference to

7.have an effect on对……有影响；对……有效果
(教材P32)Those people don't think their actions such as leaving the tap running while brushing their teeth can have negative effects on the environment.那些人不认为他们的行为如刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流会对环境产生负面影响。
[用法归纳]
have a big/great/positive/negative/profound effect on...
对……有大的/积极的/消极的/深远的影响
have no effect on 对……无影响
have an influence/impact on 对……有影响
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子
①The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism ________ the wildlife in this region.
②A happy home environment has ________ good effect on children's growth.
③The new timetable will come ________ effect tomorrow.
④It is hoped that the behaviour will ________________________ (对……有积极的影响) the children.
⑤Sandstorms usually __________________________ (对……有坏的影响) people's health.
⑥老师的话对我产生了积极的影响，改变了我的生活态度。
________________________________________________________________________
知识拓展：
(1)bring/put sth. into effect 使生效，实行，实施
come into effect 生效，开始实施
take effect 开始起作用；生效，开始实施
in effect 实际上，事实上
(2)leave the tap running让水哗哗地流
leave the child running about让孩子四处乱跑
leave the work undone使工作处于未完成状态
leave the testpaper unfinished使试卷处于未完状态
leave the pupils in the classroom把学生们丢在教室里不管了

►第三版块：重点句式
1.make＋宾语＋宾补
(教材P31)Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。
[用法归纳]
make＋宾语＋宾补
make it＋adj./n.＋to do sth. 使做某事成为……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子/完成句子
①The boss made Martin ________ (work) long hours.
②Bob made himself ________ (understand) to the waiter by using body language.
③我们让汤姆当班长。
________________________________________________________________________
④他不停地说话，这让我发疯。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤你能让这台旧机器运转吗？
________________________________________________________________________
⑥They made ____________________________ the poor villagers in holidays.
他们把假期帮助贫穷的村民当作一种荣耀。

名师点拨：
(1)make后不接现在分词作宾补；
(2)make后作宾补的不定式不带to，变成被动语态时不定式要带to；
(3)“make it＋adj./n.＋带to的不定式”中it是形式宾语，带to的不定式为真正的宾语。
如：He made it a rule to help the leftbehind classmates with their home work after school.他把放学后帮助被落下的同学当作一条守规。
2.so that引导的目的状语从句
(教材P32)Therefore, RootsandShoots hopes to involve millions of young people in building a secure future so that we can live in peace with nature.因此，“根与芽”希望让数以百万计的年轻人参与建设一个安全的未来，以便我们能够与自然和平共处。
[用法归纳]
本句中so that引导目的状语从句。so that还可引导结果状语从句。
(1)so that引导结果状语从句：从句时态表明动作已经发生，且从句中一般不用情态动词，可以用逗号与主句隔开。
(2)so that引导目的状语从句：相当于in order that，从句中常有will, would, can, could, may, might等情态动词，表明动作尚未发生。
[即学即练]　写出句中so that的意思并指出so that引导什么状语从句/完成句子/翻译句子
①Mrs Brown raised her voice so__that all the students could hear her clearly.____________
②Mrs Brown raised her voice, so__that all the students heard her clearly.____________
③Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ________________ (以便) they can get sweet enough to be eaten.
④Tony got up very early this morning ________________ (结果) he caught the first train to New York.
⑤他把自己的房子变成了一所学校，以便孩子们能受到教育。
________________________________________________________________________
⑥南希没有为考试做准备，所以她没能通过考试。
________________________________________________________________________
名师提示：
so...as to do后跟结果状语；so as to do...后跟目的状语
e．g.①He got up so early this morning as to arrive at school first.今早晨他起床那么早结果第一个到达学校。
②He got up early this morning so as to/in order to arrive at school first.他今天早晨起那么早，是为了第一个到达学校。
③He got up very early so that his parents could see him an early bird.(主句和从句主语不一致)
→He got up very early every morning so as for his parents to be able to see him an early bird.他每天早晨都早起，以便让父母能看到他很勤奋。

3.It is/was...that...强调结构
(教材P31)It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions of people，...正是通过这种令人激动的方式我们能让数以千计、数百万计的人共同行动起来……
[用法归纳]
此句中包含It is/was...that...强调句结构。该句型可以用于强调主语、宾语、状语等。强调人时，可以用who代替that。
(1)对主语进行强调：It is/was＋主语＋that/who＋其他部分
(2)对宾语进行强调：It is/was＋宾语＋that/who＋其他部分
(3)对状语进行强调：It is/was＋状语＋that＋其他部分
[即学即练]　完成句子
①是他讲的话让我吃惊。
________________________ surprised me.
②正因为这本书对我很有用，我才要买它。
________________________ I will buy it.
③我们是骑自行车去公园的。
It was ________________ that we went to the park.
④他昨天是在电视上看到王先生的。
It was ________________ that he saw Mr. Wang yesterday.
⑤是他昨天买了一束花。
________________________ bought a bunch of flowers yesterday.
⑥昨天她看见的人是我。
________________________ she saw yesterday.
⑦他是在10点过后回来的。
________________________ he came back.
⑧是因为生病他才没有来。
It was ________________________ that he didn't come.
名师点拨：
(1)not...until...句型的强调句
He didn't see me until I patted him on the shoulder.直到我拍他的肩膀他才看到我。
→It was not until I patted him on the shoulder that he saw me.
观察此句可以看出，not...until句型对时间状语从句的强调，需要把not跟until...一起放在被强调部分，而that引出的其他成分不再用not。
(2)强调句型的疑问形式
①一般疑问句的强调句式是“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who/whom＋其他部分？”
如：Was it in the palace that the last emperor died?
②特殊疑问句的强调句式是“特殊疑问词(疑问代词或疑问副词)＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？”
如：Who was it that wrote these famous plays?
Where was it that you picked up the wallet？

4.it wouldn't matter if...如果……没关系
[用法归纳]
(1)matter vi. 有重大关系
it doesn't matter 没关系/不要紧
What does it matter to you? 这对你有什么关系呢？
(2)it will not matter if sb. does sth. 某人做某事不要紧
(3)What's the matter with you? 你怎么啦？
[即学即练]　翻译句子
①毫无疑问她会考得很好。
________________________________________________________________________
②他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
________________________________________________________________________
③下周那位科学家真的要给我们做报告吗？
________________________________________________________________________
④这是怎么发生的，对我来说就是一个谜。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤目前还不清楚，该路段何时可通行使用。
________________________________________________________________________
名师点拨：
(1)此句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是if引导的从句。
(2)注意：if引导的主语从句一般不放在句首，而是用it替代放在句首，然后把if从句置于句末。如：
①What does it matter if we don't work hard at English？如果我们不努力学习英语这又有什么关系呢？
②It does matter much to us if we work hard at our lessons at school.在学校里努力学习功课对我们至关重要。(此句中does是对谓语动词的强调)

5.That's what...
[用法归纳]
what引导的从句放在连系动词后，作表语。可以引导表语从句的词语还有as if, because, that, whether, why...等。
[即学即练]　完成句子
①我的想法是我们应该马上行动。
My idea is ________________________________ at once.
②问题是他是否诚实。
The question is ________________________________．
③问题是我们如何找到他。
The problem is ________________________________．
④那是我15岁时发生的事。
That was ________________________________．
⑤那就是我不能同你一起去的原因。
That's ________________________________．
⑥又不是你离开不回来了。
It isn't ________________________________ forever.
⑦那是因为我太爱你了。
That's ________________________________ too much.

名师点拨：
运用连接词时的注意事项：
what, when, where等连接词有两种含义：一种表示疑问，一种表示陈述。表示陈述时，相当于the thing that, the time when, the place where，常译为“……的人、事、话”“……的时间”“……的地点”等。如：
①This is where (the place where) we found the interest.这就是我们发现的兴趣所在。
②My topic today is what (＝the thing that) most scientists are researching.我今天的话题就是大多数科学家正在研究的课题。
③My question is when you will return.我的问题是你何时回来。(when表示疑问)

ROOTS①& SHOOTS②
Most people suffer from③ what is known as “Justmeism④”. 【1】 What is that? Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered⑤ to pick it up⑥. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what? “What difference can it possibly make？” you say to yourself. “There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me. How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road? 【2】 And anyway⑦， no one will know.” Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world. But just think of⑧ all the millions of people saying to themselves: “It doesn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, no one knows.” Millions of gallons⑨ of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped. And all of this would be very harmful.
【1】what引导宾语从句，并且what在从句中作主语。
【2】if引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中，leave one little tap running为“leave＋宾语＋宾补(现在分词)”结构。
To inspire young people to take action⑩ for the environment, animals and their community, Roots&Shoots was established⑪. This institute⑫ was set up⑬ in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's bestknown expert on wild chimpanzees⑭. 【3】 In addition to⑮ her research, she has been wholeheartedly committed to⑯ environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots&Shoots is to educate young people, from preschoolers⑰ to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with⑱ nature. 【4】
【3】a scientist是Dr. Jane Goodall的同位语；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a scientist。
【4】这是so连接的并列句。不定式短语to educate...作表语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a future。
The organisation is called Roots&Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm⑲foundation⑳， and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. 【5】 The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world. Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.

Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant? 【6】 One cheeredup person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots&Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant. Dr. Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.” You get to choose: Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment? Do you want to make Roots&Shoots rooted in everyone's heart? Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future? You cannot be absent.

Itisbyactingtogether, inthisexcitingway, thatwecaninvolve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world. 【7】
—JaneGoodall
【7】本句是一个and连接的并列句。第一个分句是强调句，强调的是介词短语byactingtogether。what引导的是表语从句。
[词语积累]
①root/ruːt/n.树根　v．翻找；搜寻；(使)生根
rooted adj.根源的；起源的
②shoot/ʃuːt/n.芽，苗；嫩枝　vt.射中；射击
shoot at朝……射击
③suffer from遭受
④justmeism/'dʒəst mi 'ɪzəm/n.以自我为中心
⑤bothered/'bɒðəd/adj.担心的；烦恼的
not be bothered to do sth.懒得做某事
⑥pick up拾起；捡起
⑦anyway adv.不管怎样
⑧think of考虑；想起；想想
⑨gallon/'gælən/n.加仑
⑩take action采取行动
take measures采取措施
take steps采取措施
⑪establish vt.建立；创办
⑫institute/'ɪnstɪtjuːt/n.机构；研究院
⑬set up建立；创办
⑭chimpanzee/ˌtʃɪmpæn'ziː/
n．黑猩猩
⑮in addition to除……之外
in addition此外；而且
⑯be committed to致力于……(to是介词)
commit v．保证；承诺；表达意见；投入
⑰preschoolers n．学龄前儿童
⑱in peace with与……和平相处
in peace和平地；祥和地
⑲firm/fɜːm/adj.坚实的；稳固的
firmly adv.坚定地；坚信地
⑳foundation/faʊn'deɪʃən/n.基础；地基
found v．建立；创办
lay a firm foundation打下坚实的基础
brick/brɪk/n.砖，砖块
all around the world全世界
all over the world/throughout the world/across the world全世界
wag/wæɡ/vi. &vt.(狗)摇(尾巴)
wag one's tail摇尾巴
cheeredup adj.欢呼的
cheer up使……高兴；振作起来
matter v．重要；有关系(主要用于否定句或疑问句中)
make a difference有影响；重要
by doing通过做某事
involve/ɪn'vɒlv/vt.参与；包含
be involved in参与，参加
be involved with与……有关系

根(root)与芽(shoot)
很多人都有所谓的“就我一个( Justmeism)”问题。这是什么意思呢？例如，你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得(bother)捡起来。你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？“会有什么差别呢？”你对自己说，“世界上有数百万人，我不过是我自己。如果我不关一个小小的水龙头、一盏小小的灯或在路上掉了一小块垃圾，这会有什么问题？而且不管怎样，也没人会知道。”当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。但试想要是数百万人都对自己说：“没关系。只有我一个。而且，不管怎样，也没人会知道。”那将会浪费数百万加仑(gallon)的水，忘记关掉数百万的灯，掉下数百万块垃圾，而所有的这些将是非常有害的。
为了激励年轻人行动起来(take action)保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”(Roots & Shoots)诞生了。这个组织(institute)于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩(chimpanzee)研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。除了自己的科研，她一直全身心地投入环境保护事业。“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。
这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的(firm)基础(foundation)，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖(brick)墙的阻挡。根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地(all around the world)的年轻人。成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。
当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇(wag)尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？一个振作起来的人，一只快乐的狗，一株开花的植物和你。这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物，还是植物。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”你可以选择：你想通过自己的生活，为了人类、动物和环境而让世界变得更美好吗？你想让“根与芽”植根于每个人的心中吗？你想成为命运共同体的一员吗？你不能缺席。
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至千百万人参与(involve)其中，这将改变世界。
——珍·古道尔

Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语
1．除……以外(还) ________________
2．致力于，献身于 ________________
3．全世界 ________________
4．使世界成为一个更好的地方 ________________
5．有影响 ________________
6．因……受苦 ________________
7．使……处于(某种状态) ________________
8．懒得做某事 ________________
9．采取行动 ________________
10．建立 ________________
Ⅱ.练句子：阅读本课时内容，翻译相关句子
1．为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”(Roots&Shoots)诞生了。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．除了自己的科研，她还一直全身心地投入环保事业。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物还是植物。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6．很多人都有所谓的“就我一个(Justmeism)”问题。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7．当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.题组练习：根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题
1．单句语法填空
(1)The guards were ordered ________ (shoot) on sight anyone trying to escape.
(2)Several planes were shot ________ by enemy fire.
(3)Their kids have shot ________ since I last saw them.
(4)What are you shooting your gun ________？
(5)Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green ________ (shoot) started to appear.
2．单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)What ________ bother! We've missed the bus.
(2)Did you have ________ bother finding the house?
(3)Why bother ________ (go) abroad, when there are so many nice places here at home?
(4)草得剪一剪了，但我今天却懒得去做。
The grass needs cutting but I ________________________ today.
(5)他其实可以把工作做好，可他往往嫌费事而不干。
He could produce excellent work but usually he ________________________．
(6)别惦记我们。我们不久就和你们在一起了。
Don't ________________________ us. We'll join you later.
3．完成句子
(1)在问题扩散到其他地区之前，我们必须采取行动解决这个问题。
We must ________________________ to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas.
(2)我听说她是位高手，但是我从未实地见过。
I've heard she's a wonderful player but I've never seen her ________________________．
(3)拂晓时部队投入战斗。
At daybreak the troops ________________________．
(4)这台机器出了故障。
This machine is ________________________．
4．完成句子
(1)这块湿地不够坚实，不能在上面走。
This wet ground ________________________ to walk on.
(2)“我不想发狠心，”他以坚定的口吻说。
“I don't want to be unkind，” he said ________________．
(3)锻炼身体能使肌肉结实。
Exercise will ________________ your muscles.
(4)他们做出了坚定的承诺支持我们。
They ________________________ to support us.
Ⅳ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)
1．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]Born at an international crane ________ (found), Emma was raised by human caretakers.
2．[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over ________ world.
3．[2018·江苏卷]However, the research—________ (involve) eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed towards their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
4．[2018·全国Ⅰ卷]They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect ________ the feeling of a space.
5．[2019·江苏卷]The question, however, is whether this is ________ the developing countries need the most.
6．[2017·天津卷]It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.
7．[2019·北京卷]Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so ________ my parents can't say no to it?
8．[2019·天津卷]I often found myself telling my mum to drive more slowly, ________ that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
9．[福建卷]It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
10．[湖南卷]It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.
11．[湖南卷]When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood ________ (root) to the ground, wondering whether to stay or leave.
12．[2016·全国Ⅰ卷]One more look and he noticed flames ________ (shoot) out from under the disabled vehicle.
13．[江苏卷]One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of ________ (suffer) they experienced in their volunteer positions.
14．[2019·北京卷]Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur, who in May 2015 set ________ her business AilieCandy.
15．[湖北卷]I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut ________ (firm) closed.
Ⅴ.短文语法填空
It is common for most people to have “Justmeism”， which 1.________ (mean) these people only care about themselves and ignore the environment, animals and the community. So they take it 2.________ granted that they leave the tap running while 3.________ (brush) their teeth or leave litter on the road. They think what they do isn't harmful to the environment.
In order to raise young people's awareness of the environment, Dr. Jane Goodall 4.________ (establish) an institute called Roots&Shoots in 5.________ early 1990s. It is called Roots&Shoots because roots move 6.________ (slow) under the ground making a firm foundation and although shoots seem small and weak, they can break open brick 7.________ (wall). As a scientist who devoted herself to environmental protection, she expected the organization 8.________ (educate) young people about the importance of living together in peace with nature.
Roots&Shoots attaches great importance to each individual. 9.________ Goodall considers important is that everyone can make a difference. So all of us can't be absent in the activities of making the world a 10.________ (good) place.
Ⅵ.微型作文
从下列所给的单词、短语中选择至少5个，写出一个表达完整的小段落。选用的词语需要加下划线。
root, shoot, bothered, take action, firm, foundation, brick, all around the world, wag, set up, involve
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Part Ⅱ　Lesson 1　Roots and Shoots
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.
1．bothered　2.firm　3.foundation　4.involve
Ⅱ.
1．institutes　2.firm　3.foundations　4.brick　5.involved　6.roots
7．shoots　8.bothered
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词
1．①in　②rootless　③has its roots in　④tree roots　⑤went back to his roots
2．①was shot　②at　③shot　④a　⑤shot up　⑥gave/had a shot at
⑦The shoots of the plant are tender, so you should put it in the shade.
3．①is bothering　②buying/to buy　③with　④Why bother
⑤being bothered　⑥I couldn't be bothered to explain why I was late for the party.
4．①firmly　②firms　③holds a firm belief　④takes firm action
⑤is firm with　⑥up
5．①foundation　②founded　③foundation　④The strict training laid a firm foundation for his success.
6．①involved　②involves　③working　④with　⑤was involved
⑥be/get involved in　⑦involve as many children as possible in
►第二版块：重点短语
1．①from　②suffering　③had suffered　④His company suffered great losses.　⑤Tom suffered from a headache, so I suggested that he should see a doctor.
2．①So what　②Why me　③How come　④What if　⑤What/How about
3．①against　②action　③to protect　④The United Nations calls on all the nations to take action immediately.　⑤in action　⑥out of action
4．①up　②down　③about　④out　⑤up　⑥aside　⑦set down　⑧set about　⑨set an example to/for　⑩set out/off　⑪set up
5．①all over/around/throughout/across the world　②all around/over/throughout/across the world
6．①are making a difference　②make no difference to　③make a big/great difference to
7．①on　②a　③into　④have a positive effect on　⑤have a bad effect on　⑥My teacher's words had a positive effect on me and changed my attitude towards life.
►第三版块：重点句式
1．①work　②understood　③We made Tom our monitor.
④He kept talking, which made me mad.　⑤Can you make the old machine work？　⑥it an honour to help
2．①以便　目的状语从句　②结果　结果状语从句　③so that　④so that　⑤He turned his house into a school so that children could get education.　⑥Nancy didn't prepare for the test so that she failed to pass it.
3．①It was what he said that　②It is because the book is so useful for me that　③by bike　④on TV　⑤It was he that/who　⑥It was me that/who　⑦It was after ten o'clock that　⑧because he was ill
4．①It is certain/There is no doubt that she will do well in her exam.
②It is still a problem whether they will support us.
③Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?
④It is a mystery to me how it all happened.
⑤It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
5．①that we should do it　②whether he is honest　③how we can find him　④what happened when I was fifteen　⑤why I can't go with you　⑥as if you were going away　⑦because I love you
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.
1．in addition to　2.be committed to　3.all around the world　4.make the world a better place　5.make a difference　6.suffer from　7.leave...doing　8.can't be bothered to do sth.　9.take action　10.set up
Ⅱ.
1．To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots&Shoots was established.
2．In addition to her research, she has been wholeheartedly committed to environmental protection.
3．Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
4．That's what Roots&Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual—human, animal or plant.
5．Every individual matters. Every individual has a role to play. Every individual makes a difference.
6．Most people suffer from what is known as “Justmeism”．
7．Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.
Ⅲ.
1．(1)to shoot　(2)down　(3)up　(4)at　(5)shoots
2．(1)a　(2)much　(3)to go　(4)can't be bothered to do it　(5)can't be bothered　(6)be bothered about
3．(1)take action　(2)in action　(3)went into action　(4)out of action
4．(1)is not firm enough　(2)in a firm voice　(3)firm up　(4)made a firm promise
Ⅳ.
1．答案与解析：foundation　冠词an修饰名词，found的名词是foundation。句意：艾玛出生于国际鹤类基金会，是由人类看护人抚养长大的。
2．答案与解析：the　all over the world是固定搭配，意为“全世界”。句意：中国模特儿是世界上向女性出售梦想的美容和时尚运动的代言人。
3．答案与解析：involving　the research与involve之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：然而，这项由32名8至12岁的儿童组成的8个小组的研究表明，当他们走向青少年时，他们在网上变得越来越焦虑。
4．答案与解析：on　have an effect on是固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”。句意：相比小规模物品，他们需要更大的投入，并且这些家具对空间感的影响更大。
5．答案与解析：what　is后是表语从句，从句中need后缺宾语，故用what。句意：然而，问题是，这是否是发展中国家最需要的东西。
6．答案与解析：that　本句是强调句，强调的是when引导的时间状语从句。句意：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。
7．答案与解析：that　本句是so that引导的目的状语从句。句意：为什么我不能做一种有益于牙齿的健康糖果，这样我的父母就不会不让我吃了？
8．答案与解析：so　本句是so that引导的目的状语从句。句意：我经常让自己告诉妈妈要开得更慢，这样我就能读我们走过的所有路标。
9．答案与解析：that　本句是强调句，强调的是句子的主语。句意：是文化而不是语言使他难以适应国外的新环境。
10．答案与解析：that　本句是强调句，强调的是句子的主语。句意：让生活快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们必须做的事情。
11．答案与解析：rooted　stand是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，用rooted。句意：那名店员看到一张友善的脸，脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹，这时她愣在了那里，琢磨着是走还是留。
12．答案与解析：shooting　flames与shoot之间是主动关系，且动作正在进行，故用现在分词。句意：又看了一眼，他注意到火焰从受到损害的车辆下面冒了出来。
13．答案与解析：suffering　the amount of后面需用名词，suffer的名词形式是suffering。句意：影响他们作为志愿者的满意度的最重要因素之一是他们在志愿工作中所遭受的痛苦。
14．答案与解析：up　set up是固定搭配，意为“建立；创办”。句意：艾丽斯·摩尔是一位十几岁的企业家，她于2015年5月创办了自己的公司AilieCandy。
15．答案与解析：firmly　需用副词修饰动词shut。句意：我相信，如果我批评了他，那扇慢慢打开的门就会紧紧地关上。
Ⅴ.
1．答案与解析：means　考查时态。定语从句中的谓语动词的形式与前面的先行词一致，本句中justmeism是先行词，故填means。
2．答案与解析：for　考查介词。take sth. for granted “认为……是理所当然的”，为固定搭配，故填for。
3．答案与解析：brushing　考查状语从句的省略。此处是一个省略句，brush与前面的They是逻辑主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，故填brushing。
4．答案与解析：established　考查时态。根据后面的具体时间状语可知，应填一般过去时，故填established。
5．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。在年代前面使用the，故填the。
6．答案与解析：slowly　考查副词。应用副词修饰前面的动词move，作状语。
7．答案与解析：walls　考查名词。此处wall是一个可数名词，泛指“墙”，故需要变成复数。
8．答案与解析：to educate　考查不定式。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填to educate。
9．答案与解析：What　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格处的单词引导主语从句，从句中缺少considers的宾语，故填what。
10．答案与解析：better　考查形容词。此处表示“使世界成为一个更加美好的地方”，故填better。
Ⅵ.
Jane Goodall is one of the great scientists in the world. She set__upRoots&Shoots in the early 1990s to inspire young people to take__action for the environment. She is bothered to protect the chimpanzees and other animals. She travels all__around__the__world to call on more people to get involved in the great cause. Many people, especially young people learn a lot from her.