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福建省八县(市、区)一中联考2022-2023学年高二英语上学期11月期中试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份福建省八县(市、区)一中联考2022-2023学年高二英语上学期11月期中试题（Word版附解析），共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分30分）， Wh is Susan?等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年第一学期八县（市）一中期中联考
高中二年英语科试题
第一部分：听力（共两节；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will Mark do?
A. Cancel his vacation. B. Book a hotel room. C. Find a hostel.
2. What is the man dissatisfied with about the bag?
A. Its color. B. Its price. C. Its material.
3. When does Jessica usually work?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
4. Who is Susan?
A. A writer. B. An editor. C. A hairdresser.
5. What is the woman doing?
A. Expressing thanks. B. Asking for help. C. Making an invitation.
第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What time does Amy usually go to bed now?
A. At 10:00 pm. B. At 11:00 pm. C. At 1:00 am.
7. Why did Amy change her sleep habits?
A. She had to get up early.
B. She doesn’t feel well recently.
C. She wanted to become energetic.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9、10题。
8. What does Jim like doing?
A. Writing poems.
B. Reading books.
C. Doing outdoor activities.
9. What achievement has the woman got this year?
A. Publishing a poetry collection.
B. Winning $10,000 as a prize.
C. Starting Milkweed Editions.
10. Where are most probably the speakers?
A. At the woman’s house.
B. At a bookstore.
C. At a classroom.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where do the activities take place?
A. On a farm. B. Near the sea. C. In the mountains.
12. Why does the woman want to go to the camp?
A. It was given a top award.
B. It has some unique classes.
C. It offers various activities.
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Brother and sister.
B. Husband and wife.
C. Fellow students.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. How old is Claudia now?
A. 19. B. 30. C. 49.
15. What do we know about Noriaki Kasai?
A. He competed in eight Olympic Games.
B. He comes from France.
C. He won eight golden medals.
16. How did Claudia feel about the competition result?
A. Surprised. B. Happy. C. Sad.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Why did the speaker apply to a law school?
A. She followed her parents’ advice.
B. She had to be practical.
C. She loved the law.
18. What did the speaker decide to do at the age of 33?
A. Go back to college.
B. Run her own business.
C. Start writing as a hobby.
19. What did the speaker do in order to make a living?
A. She taught people writing.
B. She gained new skills.
C. She wrote for websites.
20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. How to publish a book.
B. How to become a writer.
C. How to find one’s interest.
第二部分 阅读 (共两节 ,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The four theme parks below offer the most thrilling (刺激的) rides and attractions in the world.
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
Located (坐落) in Virginia, USA, this theme park has some of the highestrated thrill rides in the world. The park’s famous roller coasters include Apollo’s Chariot, Alpengeist, Griffon, the Loch Ness Monster and Verbolten. The park also has thrilling water rides, rides for kids, other rides, shows, tours, animal exhibits and more. Divided into nine areas representing European countries, the park has won an award for the quality of its food.
Everland
As one of the world’s most popular theme parks, Everland is located in Yongin, Gyeonggido Province, South Korea. The park has 40 thrill rides, including a worldfamous wooden roller coaster, and many other attractions such as an African hunting ride, a zoo, indoor and outdoor water parks, shows and more.
Blackpool Pleasure Beach
This Lancashire amusement park is one of the most visited theme parks in the United Kingdom. Among the park’s 125 rides and attractions are the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the UK, a classic wooden roller coaster, a steel tower ride, the biggest indoor dark ride in the world, a host of rides for kids and more.
Port Aventura World
Located on Spain’s Costa Daurada, this park is divided into six theme areas. Five areas represent different locations including Polynesia, Mexico, America, China and the Mediterranean. The sixth and newest area has a Sesame Street theme. The park has many rides and attractions suitable for visitors of all ages.
1. What did Busch Gardens Williamsburg win an award for?
A. The highest thrill rides.
B. Good quality of its food.
C. A Sesame Street theme area.
D. A host of thrilling water rides.
2. Which park will a visitor loving thrill and hunting rides probably choose?
A. Busch Gardens Williamsburg.
B. Everland.
C. Blackpool Pleasure Beach.
D. Port Aventura World.
3. What is unique to Blackpool Pleasure Beach?
A. It has a classic wooden roller coaster.
B. It has the fastest roller coaster in the world.
C. It has the biggest indoor dark ride in the world.
D. It has attractions suitable for visitors of all ages.
4. Where is the theme park including a China area located in?
A In Virginia. B. In Yongin.
C. In Lancashire. D. On Costa Daurada.
5. Where can you read the passage?
A. In a personal diary. B. In a science report.
C. In a travel magazine. D. In a geography book.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个能提供最激动人心的游乐设施和景点的主题公园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Busch Gardens Williamsburg”部分的“the park has won an award for the quality of its food.(这个公园因其食物的质量而获奖)”可知，Busch Gardens Williamsburg获得奖励是因为食物的质量，故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Everland”部分的“The park has 40 thrill rides, including a worldfamous wooden roller coaster, and many other attractions such as an African hunting ride, a zoo, indoor and outdoor water parks, shows and more.(该公园有40个惊险游乐设施，包括世界著名的木制过山车，以及许多其他景点，如非洲狩猎游乐设施、动物园、室内外水上公园、表演等)”可知，喜欢刺激和狩猎设施的游客可能会选择Everland，故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Blackpool Pleasure Beach”部分的“Among the park's 125 rides and attractions are the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the UK, a classic wooden roller coaster, a steel tower ride, the biggest indoor dark ride in the world, a host of rides for kids and more.(公园的125个游乐设施和景点包括英国最高、最快的过山车、经典的木制过山车、钢塔游乐设施、世界上最大的室内黑暗游乐设施、儿童游乐设施等)”可知，Blackpool Pleasure Beach的与众不同之处是它拥有世界上最大的室内黑暗之旅，故选C项。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Located on Spain's Costa Daurada, this park is divided into six theme areas.Five areas represent different locations including Polynesia, Mexico, America, China and the Mediterranean.(这个公园位于西班牙的达乌拉达海岸，分为六个主题区域。五个区域代表不同的地点，包括波利尼西亚、墨西哥、美国、中国和地中海)”可知，包括中国区在内的主题公园位于Costa Daurada，故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The four theme parks below offer the most thrilling (刺激的) rides and attractions in the world.(下面的四个主题公园提供了世界上最激动人心的游乐设施和景点)”以及“Busch Gardens Williamsburg(威廉斯堡布希公园)”、“Everland(爱宝乐园)”、“Blackpool Pleasure Beach(黑池游乐海滩)”以及“Port Aventura World(冒险港世界)”可知本文主要介绍了四个主题公园，可推理出本文最有可能在旅游杂志上读到，故选C项。
B
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, but it also causes pollution, wastes energy, and surprisingly wastes water. Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane (膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely insipid so you needn’t worry about any taste.
It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials that are needed to produce Ooho. The price for an only bubble (泡状物) or a unit of bubbles hasn’t been decided yet, but it costs about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. The team has also been selling Ooho water bottles in London for the past six months.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.
6. How is most plastic in America dealt with?
A. It is wasted by people.
B. It is reused as new energy.
C. It is buried under the ground.
D. It is applied to new technology.
7. What does the underlined word “insipid” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Sweet. B. Delicious. C. Tasteless. D. Interesting.
8. What can we infer about the Ooho?
A. It plans to be sold at a very low price.
B. It has some advantages over plastic bottles.
C. It has taken the place of plastic bottles in London.
D. Proper materials of making Ooho are hard to find.
9. What’s the author’s attitude towards Ooho’s future?
A. Doubtful. B. Uninterested. C. Worried. D. Positive.
10. Who might be the target readers?
A. Scientists. B. Experts. C. Environmentalists. D. The public.
【答案】6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种叫做Ooho的水瓶，这种水瓶很方便，既可以喝也可以吃。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. (在美国，只有23%的塑料最终进入回收箱，这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理)”可知，在美国大多数塑料被人们浪费掉了。故选A。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.(要吃它，你只需要把整个瓶子放进嘴里)”和下文“so you needn’t worry about any taste.(所以你不必担心任何味道)”可知，这种水瓶可以吃，你不必担心任何味道，这是因为它偿起来没有味，由此可推知，划线单词“insipid”意为“无味的”，与C项“Tasteless.(没味的)”意思相近，故选C。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. ( 这是一种方便，透明的水瓶，既可以喝，也可以吃)”和第三段中“It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.(它的目标是那些使用成吨的塑料瓶，之后经常被当作垃圾丢弃的大型户外活动。太多的塑料肯定会对环境造成危害，这可以解释这种新发明的目的)”可推知，Ooho比普通塑料瓶有一些优点。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.(它正在迅速崛起，所以要留意这些瓶子的未来。)”可推知，作者认为Ooho在迅速发展，我们要关注它的发展，由此可推知，作者对Ooho的未来是持积极乐观的态度，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.(Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，仅仅三天就筹集了超过100万美元。目前主要是在活动上出售，以吸引买家，同时生产机器正在启动和运行。它正在迅速崛起，所以要留意这些瓶子的未来)”可知，Ooho这种瓶子正在崛起中，需要公众的关注，由此可推知，这篇文章是写给大众看到，故选D。
C
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions —and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的)across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
11. What does the discovery show about westerners?
A. They observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways.
B They have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions.
C. They pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth.
D. They consider facial expressions universally reliable.
12. What were the people asked to do in the study?
A. To observe the researchers’ faces. B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To make a face at each other. D. To classify some face pictures.
13. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A The participants in the study.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The data collected from the study.
D. The errors made during the study.
14. In comparison with Westerners, what are Easterners likely to do?
A. They study the mouth more frequently.
B. They examine the eyes more attentively.
C. They read facial expressions more correctly.
D. They do translation more successfully.
15. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
B. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
C. How to Increase Cross－cultural Understanding
D. The Eye as the Window to the Soul
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂他人的面部表情，西方人用整张脸来表达感情，而东方人更多地用眼睛而不是嘴巴。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth.(西方人看眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的，而东方人偏爱眼睛而忽视嘴巴。)”可知，西方人关注眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的，故选C。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.(研究人员通过记录13名西方高加索人和13名东亚人的眼球运动来研究面部表情识别方面的文化差异，同时他们观察了有表情的面部图片并将其分类：高兴、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中立。)”可知，在研究中，人们被要求将一些有表情的面部图片进行分类，故选D。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第六段中划线单词上“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(事实证明，东方人把更多的注意力集中在眼睛上，比西方人犯更多的错误。)”和划线单词所在句子““The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said.(“他们眼球运动的文化差异可能反映了面部表情的文化差异，”杰克说。)”可推知，they代指上文提到的的东方人和西方人，根据第三段中““We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. (杰克说:“我们的研究表明，东方人和西方人通过观察不同的面部特征来判断面部表情。”)”可知，参与这项研究有东方人和西方人。由此可知，they代指这项研究的参与者，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(事实证明，东方人把更多的注意力集中在眼睛上，比西方人犯更多的错误。)”可知，与西方人相比，东方人可能会更专注于查看眼睛。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions － and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.(来自东亚的人比来自欧洲的人更难区分面部表情——《当代生物学》在线发表的一份新报告解释了其中的原因。)”和最后一段“In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.(简而言之，数据表明，面部表情并不是人类情感的普遍信号)”可知，文章主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂他人的面部表情，西方人用整张脸来表达感情，而东方人更多地用眼睛而不是嘴巴，A项“面部表情文化差异”适合作文章标题，故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Jessica Nabongo longs to set foot in every nation. She started traveling at age four, along with her parents on family trips from Detroit, Michigan and completed her mission when she landed in the Seychelles, having visited 195 countries. ___16___ Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical(道德的) tourism .
Here she talks to us about her experience and tips for traveling better.
What inspires your adventures?
___17___ I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the world, even at home in the United States.
Did you ever experience any obstacles?
I don’t believe in failure. ___18___ Embarrassment isn’t a natural human personality, in my eyes－it comes from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I’d laugh at myself. I firmly believe that every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn.
___19___
My mother has always said “ humble(使谦逊) yourself.” I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with a lot of ego（自我）, or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.
What are some things people can do to travel more sustainably(可持续地)?
Single－use plastic is one of the biggest things harming Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that. ___20___ If you’ re in a restaurant and you don’ t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion. It’s about being a deliberate(慎重的) traveler, just taking that extra minute to think how I can have a lower impact on this place that I’ m in and on the planet in general.
A. But it’s not just about the country count.
B. I believe failure is the mother of success.
C. Curiosity－that’s what’s always inspired me.
D. What did you depend on during your travel?
E. And I don’t have the ability to be embarrassed.
F. What’s the best piece of advice you’ ve received?
G. But I also think it’s important to watch how much you waste.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。杰西卡·纳邦戈渴望踏足每一个国家，本文向我们讲述了她的经历和如何更好地旅行的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“having visited 195 countries(到访了195个国家)”以及下文“Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical(道德的) tourism(一路走来，她成为了一名作家、摄影师，也是包容性和道德旅游的热情倡导者)”可推理出此处上下文说的是她不仅到访国家的数量多，而且还做了许多其他的重要的事情，与A项“But it’s not just about the country count(但是重要的不仅仅是国家的数量)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the world, even at home in the United States(我强烈希望看到世界各地人们生活方式的差异和相似之处，甚至是在美国的家里)”可推理出此处上下文说的是她有很强的好奇心，与C项“Curiosity－that’s what’s always inspired me(好奇心：那是一直赋予我灵感的东西)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Embarrassment isn’t a natural human personality, in my eyes－it comes from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I’d laugh at myself. I firmly believe that every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn(在我看来，尴尬不是人类天生的性格，它来自社会化。如果我在中央车站中间摔倒，我会自嘲。我坚信，你生命中的每一次失败都只是一次学习的机会)”可推理出此处上下文说的是Jessica Nabongo不相信失败并不感到尴尬，因为她认为失败是学习的机会，与E项“And I don’t have the ability to be embarrassed(我没有能力感到尴尬)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“My mother has always said “ humble(使谦逊) yourself.” I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with a lot of ego（自我）, or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.( 我母亲一直说“谦卑自己”。我很感激，因为当你旅行时，取决于你的护照，取决于您的社会阶层，取决于许多不同的事情，你可以去一些有自我意识的地方，也可以谦卑自己，知道每个人都是平等的。)”可知此处上下文说的是母亲给她的最好的建议，与F项“What’s the best piece of advice you’ ve received?( 你收到的最好的建议是什么？)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“If you’ re in a restaurant and you don’ t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion.(如果你在餐馆里，但你的胃口不大，就要半份)”可知此处上下文说的是不要浪费，与G项“But I also think it’s important to watch how much you waste(但我也认为重要的是要注意你浪费了多少)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。
Being in the right place at the right time can mean the difference between life and death. A ___21___ named Zhu Keming despite the bad weather pulled six runners to ___22___ in a 100-kilometer cross-country race in China’s Gansu Province.
The day of the race started with mild weather. Zhu was ___23___ his flock (羊群) as usual. Then in the space of a few moments, everything ___24___. As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land, Zhu took ___25___ in a small cave he’d been using for years to ___26___ emergency supplies.
It was from this point that Zhu ___27___ that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain. Zhu brought the man back to the cave to ___28___ him up. After lighting a fire, Zhu returned to the mountainside, ___29___ five additional runners to the cave. There’s little ___30___ that he finally saved their lives. ___31___ for the sudden change in the weather, most racers were wearing lightweight clothing that was no ___32___ for the coldness. The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.
“I want to say how ___33___ I am to the man who saved me,” runner Zhang Xiaotao posted on Sina Weibo. “Without him, I would have been ___34___ there.” While Zhu is being praised as a hero in his homeland, the ___35___ shepherd doesn’t see the reason for all the fuss. He says he’s just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing.
21. A. hiker B. shepherd C. hunter D. runner
22. A. challenges B. stages C. debate D. safety
23. A. tracking B. trapping C. tending D. hunting
24. A. existed B. improved C. worked D. changed
25. A. shelter B. notes C. charge D. chances
26. A. store B. discover C. create D. check
27. A. acknowledged B. explained C. evaluated D. noticed
28. A. cheer B. warm C. stand D. pick
29. A. guiding B. attracting C. welcoming D. following
30. A. contact B. evidence C. risk D. doubt
31. A. Unprepared B. Hungry C. Anxious D. Sorry
32. A. comparison B. cause C. match D. need
33. A. helpful B. grateful C. awful D. regretful
34. A. brought in B. taken in C. put out D. left out
35. A. patient B. humble C. generous D. honest
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。在我国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野遭遇极端天气，一位叫朱克铭的牧羊人冒着严寒将六位选手带到了安全地带。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野赛中，一位名叫朱克铭的牧羊人不顾恶劣的天气将六名选手拉到安全地带。A. hiker徐步旅行者；B. shepherd牧羊人；C. hunter猎人；D. runner跑步者。由下文“Zhu was________his flock (羊群) as usual.”可知，朱克铭是一名牧羊人，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野赛中，一位名叫朱克铭的牧羊人不顾恶劣的天气将六名选手拉到安全地带。A. challenges挑战；B. stages舞台；C. debate辩论；D. safety安全。根据下文“he finally saved their lives.”可知，朱克铭救了这几位选手的命，所以此处说把他们带到安全地方，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：朱和往常一样照料他的羊群。A. tracking跟踪；B. trapping使陷于；C. tending照顾，照料；D. hunting打猎。由下文“his flock (羊群) as usual”可知，朱克铭是一个牧羊人，这天他像往常一样在照料他的羊群，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后几分钟的时间，一切都改变了。A. existed存在；B. improved改善；C. worked工作；D. changed改变。由上文“The day of the race started with mild weather.”和下文“As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land,”可知，比赛当天天气温和，但是随后，气温迅速下降，冰冷的雨雪开始袭击大地，这说明天气突然变了，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着气温迅速下降，冰冷的雨雪开始侵袭大地，朱在一个小山洞里避难，这个山洞是他多年来用来储存应急物资的地方。A. shelter避难所；B. notes通知；C. charge要价，收费；D. chances机会。由上文“As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land”可知，天气突然骤变，下起了雨雪，所以朱克铭在一个小山洞里避难，take shelter固定搭配，意为“寻求庇护；避难”，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着气温迅速下降，冰冷的雨雪开始侵袭大地，朱在一个小山洞里避难，这个山洞是他多年来用来储存应急物资的地方。A. store储存；B. discover发现；C. create制作；D. check检查。由下文“emergency supplies.”可知，这个小山洞是用来储存物资的，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是从这，朱注意到其中一个跑步者似乎迷失了方向，处于痛苦之中。A. acknowledged承认；B. explained解释；C. evaluated评估；D. noticed注意到。由下文“that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain.”和“Zhu brought the man back to the cave to”可知，朱克铭注意到一位跑步者迷路了，所以把他带到洞里，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：朱带男子回到洞穴为他取暖。A. cheer欢呼；B. warm使暖和；C. stand站；忍住；D. pick挑选。由下文“After lighting a fire”和上文提到的冰冷的雨雪开始侵袭大地，以及下文“The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.”可知，朱克铭将男子带回洞穴，生火给他取暖，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：生完火后，朱回到山腰，带领另外五名跑步者进入洞穴。A. guiding指导，带领；B attracting吸引；C. welcoming欢迎；D. following跟随。由下文“five additional runners to the cave.”可知，朱克铭带领其他五位选手进入洞穴，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，他最终救了他们的命。A. contact联系；B. evidence证据；C. risk冒险；D. doubt怀疑。由下文“that he finally saved their lives.”可知，毫无疑问，朱克铭救了这几位选手，there is little doubt that固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于对天气的突然变化毫无准备，大多数参赛者都穿着不能抵御寒冷的轻便衣服。A. Unprepared没有准备的；B. Hungry饥饿的；C. Anxious焦虑的；D. Sorry抱歉的。由下文“most racers were wearing lightweight clothing that was no___12___ for the coldness. The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.”可知，大多数参赛选手穿着轻便衣服，所以说他们对突然变冷的天气毫无准备，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于对天气的突然变化毫无准备，大多数参赛者都穿着不能抵御寒冷的轻便衣服。A. comparison比较；B. cause原因；C. match比赛；匹配；D. need需要。由上文“for the sudden change in the weather”和下文“The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.”可知，大多数参赛者穿着单薄，无法抵御严寒，no match for固定搭配，意为“无法抵抗”，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：跑步运动员张晓涛在新浪的微博上写道:“我想说，我非常感谢那个救了我的人。”A. helpful有帮助的；B. grateful感恩的；C. awful可怕的；D. regretful后悔的。由下文“I am to the man who saved me”可知，对于救了自己生命的人应是感谢，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：没有他，我就会被遗留在那里。A. brought in引进；B. taken in吸收；C. put out熄灭；D. left out遗漏，忽视。由上文“Without him”和上文提到的朱克铭救了这几位选手可知，如果没有他的帮助，这几位选手就被遗留在那里，即死在山坡上，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当朱被誉为家乡的英雄时，这位谦虚的牧羊人却不明白为什么要如此大惊小怪。A. patient耐心的；B. humble谦虚的；C. generous大方的；D. honest诚实的。由下文“He says he’s just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing.”可知，朱克铭认为自己只是一个普通人做了一件很普通的事，由此可知，他很谦虚，故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For over a decade, Bill Gates has had a distinct focus on toilets. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge in 2011 in ___36___ effort to transform toilet technologies to manage human waste safely and effectively for the billions of people ___37___ (use) unsafe sanitation (卫生) facilities across the globe.
The ___38___ (late) project in this challenge comes from Samsung, ___39___ has created a toilet that uses no water and can turn human waste into ashes.
The research and development arm of Samsung Electronics presented the ___40___ (finish) core technologies and a “successfully developed and tested prototype(原型产品)” ___41___ Gates as part of a partnership between the two groups, according to a Samsung press release.
The three years of research and development from Samsung led to a prototype ___42___(true) good for household use and the development of components and modular technology with the goal of easy commercialization.
The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge ___43___ (remain) on a steady course since its start in 2011, including hosting Reinvented Toilet Expo ___44___ (event) over the years. “There are 4.5 billion people in the world without access to adequate sanitation systems,” Doulaye Koné, Gates Foundation deputy director of water, sanitation, and health, said in a past statement. “We need new science and new engineering ____45____ (solve) the problem.”
【答案】36. an 37. using
38. latest 39. which
40. finished
41. to 42. truly
43. has remained
44. events 45. to solve
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会于2011年发起了“重塑厕所挑战”的相关情况进行了简要介绍。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会于2011年发起了“重塑厕所挑战”，旨在转变厕所技术，为全球数十亿使用不安全卫生设施的人安全有效地管理人类排泄物。in an effort to do固定搭配，意为“试图做某事；为了做某事”，故填an。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填using。
【38题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这项挑战中的最新项目来自三星，该公司创造了一种不用水的厕所，可以将人类排泄物变成灰烬。根据下文“comes from Samsung(来自于三星)”以及“has created a toilet that uses no water and can turn human waste into ashes(创造了一种不用水的厕所，可以将人类排泄物变成灰烬)”可推理出此处上下文是要对三星推出的最新项目进行介绍，空白处应填形容词的最高级latest，表示“最新的”，故填latest。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词为Samsung，因空白处在定语从句中作主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据三星的一份新闻稿，作为两家集团合作的一部分，三星电子的研发部门向盖茨展示了完成的核心技术和“成功开发并测试的原型”。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语technologies之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填finished。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，present sth to sb为固定句型，含义为“向……展示……”，符合句意，故填to。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：三星经过三年的研发，开发出了一款真正适合家用的原型，并开发了组件和模块化技术，目标是易于商业化。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语修饰形容词good，使用副词，故填truly。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：厕所改造挑战赛自2011年开始以来一直稳步进行，包括多年来举办的改造厕所博览会活动。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语since its start in 2011可知谓语动词使用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词应用has，故填has remained。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。根据下文“over the years(多年以来)”可知空白处名次的数量不止一个，应使用名词的复数形式，故填events。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要新科学和新的工程来解决这个问题。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中不作谓语，应使用非谓语动词，因空白处表示的是目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to solve。
第四部分 课内知识(共三节 ,满分25分)
第一节(共7小题;每小题1分,满分7分)
根据语境，选择下框中的单词替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之意思一致。
apparently perceived distant prohibit constant splendid clarify
46. The absent-minded expression on her face suggested that she was not interested in the topic.
47. We must adapt to the new changes through our continuous learning.
48. When we reached the top of the hill, a grand view of the sea greeted us.
49. Diet and exercise are obviously important to our health.
50. Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.
51. Thank you for writing and allowing me to illustrate the current position.
52. The discovery was considered as a major breakthrough.
【答案】46. distant
47. constant
48. splendid
49. apparently
50. prohibit
51. clarify
52. perceived
【解析】
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她脸上心不在焉的表情表明她对这个话题不感兴趣。根据下文“she was not interested in the topic(她对这个话题不感兴趣)”可推理出划线词的含义为“心不在焉的”，选择框中distant，故答案为distant。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们必须通过不断学习来适应新的变化。根据上文“We must adapt to the new changes(我们必须适应新的变化)”以及下文“learning(学习)”可推理出划线词的含义应为“不断的”，选择框中constant，故答案为constant。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我们到达山顶时，迎接我们的是大海的壮丽景色。根据上文“When we reached the top of the hill(当我们到达山顶时)”以及下文“view of the sea(大海的景色)”可推理出划线词的含义为“壮丽的”，选择框中splendid，故答案为splendid。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：饮食和锻炼显然对我们的健康很重要。根据上文“Diet and exercise(饮食和锻炼)”以及下文“important to our health(对我们的健康很重要)”可推理出划线词的含义应为“显而易见地”，选择框中apparently，故答案为apparently。
【50题详解】
考查动词。句意：没有什么能阻止他公开反对不公正。分析句子结构，划线词为动词，在句子中作谓语，因该词前面有情态动词，使用动词原形，根据上文“Nothing(没有什么)”以及下文“speaking out against injustice(公开反对不公正)”可推理出划线词的含义为“阻止”，选择框中动词prohibit，故答案为prohibit。
【51题详解】
考查动词。句意：感谢你的来信，并允许我说明目前的立场。分析句子结构，根据划线词前的动词不定式符号to可知此处为动词不定式作宾语，划线词为动词，根据下文“the current position(目前的立场)”可推理出划线词的含义应为“说明”，选择框中动词clarify，故答案为clarify。
【52题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：这一发现被认为是一个重大突破。分析句子结构，根据划线词前面的助动词was可知本句使用了一般过去时的被动语态，划线词为过去分词形式，根据上文“The discovery(这一发现)”以及下文“a major breakthrough(一个重大突破)”可推理出划线词的含义应为“被认为”，选择框中perceived，故答案为perceived。
第二节(共8小题;每小题1分,满分8分)
根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个为多余的单词或短语。
call on the instant stare at be banned from under no circumstances efficiency identical accompany by comparison be acknowledged as
53. Anna stood anxiously ____________ the pouring rain while Molly looked up at a pretty doll in the window.
54. She ____________________ the game after failing a drug test.
55. Professor Hawking _________________ one of the world’s greatest physicists.
56. ___________________ will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
57. Much to my surprise, she burst into tears ________________ she read the letter.
58 We _______________ to fight against pollution for our better life in the future.
59. __________________ by a great number of people, the president walked into the building.
60. The Internet is a very ________________ medium for spreading information.
【答案】53. staring at
54. was banned from
55. is acknowledged as
56. Under no circumstances
57. the instant
58. are called on
59. Accompanied
60. efficient
【解析】
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词短语。句意：安娜焦急地站在那里盯着瓢泼大雨，而莫莉则抬头看着橱窗里的一个漂亮娃娃。根据下文“while Molly looked up at a pretty doll in the window(而莫莉则抬头看着橱窗里的一个漂亮娃娃)”可知空白处应填表示“盯着”含义的动词短语。选择框中动词短语“stare at(盯着)”。分析句子结构，因空白处在句子中不作谓语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语Anna之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填staring at。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：她因药检不合格而被禁赛。根据下文“after failing a drug test(在药检不合格之后)”可推理出空白处应填表示“禁止”含义的表达，选择框中“be banned from(被禁止)”，根据句意，因句子表达的是一个发生在过去的动作，且主语为单数，故填was banned from。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：霍金教授被公认为世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。根据下文“one of the world’s greatest physicists(世界上最伟大的物理学家之一)”可推理出空白处应填表示“公认为……”含义的动词短语，选择框中“be acknowledged as(被公认为)”，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，且句子的主语为单数，故填is acknowledged as。
【56题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：中国绝不会率先使用核武器。根据下文“China(中国)”以及“the first to use nuclear weapons(率先使用核武器)”可推理出空白处应填表示“绝不”含义的介词短语，故填Under no circumstances。
【57题详解】
考查连词短语。句意：令我惊讶的是，她一读这封信就突然大哭。分析句子结构，这是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句，根据上文“she burst into tears(她突然大哭)”以及下文“she read the letter(她读这封信)”可推理出空白处应填表示“一……就……”含义的连词连接时间状语从句，选择框中“the instant(一……就……)”，故填the instant。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语、时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：我们被号召为我们未来更好的生活与污染作斗争。根据下文“fight against pollution for our better life in the future(为我们未来更好的生活与污染作斗争)”可推理出空白处应填表示“被号召”含义的动词短语，选择框中“call on(号召)”，因空白处在句子中作谓语且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表达的是一种客观情况且主语为复数，故填are called on。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多人的陪同下，总统走进了大楼。根据下文“by a great number of people, the president walked into the building(在许多人的……下，总统走进了大楼)”可推理出空白处应填表示“陪同”含义词，选择框中“accompany(陪同)”。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语the president之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填Accompanied。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：互联网是传播信息的一种非常有效的媒介。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语表示属性，使用形容词，根据上文“The Internet(网络)”以及下文“medium for spreading information(传播信息的媒介)”可推理出空白处应填表示“有效的”含义的形容词，选择框中efficient，故填efficient。
第三节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
翻译。81-83题按括号中的要求进行汉译英,84-85题进行英译汉。
61. 无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返。(whichever, appeal) (汉译英)
【答案】Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句、there be句型、形容词、名词短语、定语从句、动词短语。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句可用Whichever and whatever引导的让步状语从句，Whichever and whatever在从句中作动词like的宾语，构成Whichever and whatever you like“无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么”；在主句中，根据句意以及句子结构可知，可以为there be…句型。在该句型中，表示“奇妙无比的”为形容词incredible；表示“主题公园”为theme park；其中表示“让你流连忘返”可以为that引导的定语从句that will appeal to you，修饰theme park，appeal to意为“对……产生吸引力”。故翻译为：Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you。
62. 在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其含义解读为“零”。 （-ing 作定语，interpret）（汉译英）
【答案】In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.
【解析】
【详解】考查-ing 作定语、固定句型。表示“在法国”含义的表达为In France；表示“看到；遇见”含义的动词为encounter；表示“同一个手势”含义的表达为an identical gesture，表示“人”含义的词为person，因“看到同一个手势的”在句子中作定语修饰person，且两者之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用-ing 作定语，所以“看到同一个手势的人”翻译为a person encountering an identical gesture；表示“可能”含义的情态动词为may；表示“将……解读为……”含义的表达为interpret sth as；表示“含义为”含义的词为mean，因该词在句子中做宾语，所以使用动名词形式；表示“零”含义的词为zero；因情态动词后跟动词原形，主句谓语动词使用原形， 故翻译为In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.
63. 置身于这般美丽的荒原，我感到活着是如此的幸福。(v-ing作主语)（汉译英）
【答案】Staying in such a beautiful wilderness makes me feel so happy to be alive.
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词，时态和主谓一致。分析可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“置身于”是stay in，用动名词作主语，“这般美丽的荒原”是such a beautiful wilderness，“我感到活着是如此的幸福”是make me feel so happy to be alive，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，因此整个句子翻译为 “Staying in such a beautiful wilderness makes me feel so happy to be alive”。故答案为Staying in such a beautiful wilderness makes me feel so happy to be alive。
64. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes.（英译汉）
【答案】这些新近的革新中有许多已经唾手可得，并且正在一些住宅中使用。
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和时态语态。“Many of these new innovations”为主语，翻译为“这些新近的革新中的许多”，“already”副词，翻译为“已经”，“available”为形容词作表语，翻译为“唾手可得”，and前后连接并列谓语，and后面省略了are，即此处是are being used，为现在进行时的被动语态，翻译为“正在被使用”，“in some homes”翻译为“在一些住宅中”，故整句翻译为：这些新近的革新中有许多已经唾手可得，并且正在一些住宅中使用。
65. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. (英译汉）
【答案】爱因斯坦不仅是个天才；他是一个勇敢善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词短语作后置定语、形容词。分析句子结构，句子使用了一般过去时，“Einstein”为人名，汉语含义为“爱因斯坦”；“not only”含义为“不仅”；“genius”含义为“天才”；“courageous”含义为“勇敢的”；“kind”含义为“善良的”；“figure”含义为“人”；“loved by many people”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词figure，故翻译为：爱因斯坦不仅是个天才；他是一个勇敢善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
第五部分 写作(满分 25分)
66. 请你用英文写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，介绍“中国肝胆外科之父”吴孟超，要点包括：
1. 人物简介。
2. 主要成就： 1960年，完成了中国第一例成功的肝脏手术。2006年，荣获“国家最高科技奖”。
3. 人物评价。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文逻辑通顺，内容丰富。参考词汇：肝胆外科 hepatobiliary surgery
国家最高科技奖National Top Science and Technology Award
（1922-2021，福建闽清）
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Wu Mengchao, a great medical prefrssor in China, was born in Minqing, Fujian on 31 August 1922.
During his lifetime, he committed himself to the medical career of China, and made huge contributions to the development of China’s hepatobiliary surgery. He translated the first Chinese version of the liver surgery book in 1958, made the first complete vascular model of human liver in 1959, and performed the first successful liver surgery of China in 1960. Moreover, in 2006, he won the National Top Science and Technology Award and devoted all of the money to scientific research and talent training.
To the public, he is one of the greatest doctors in the world, regarded as the “father of hepatobiliary surgery in China”. On 22 May 2021, it was reported that Wu had passed away, and our whole country mourned the great loss of a brilliant doctor.
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。请你用英文写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，介绍“中国肝胆外科之父”吴孟超，要点包括： 人物简介；主要成就： 1960年，完成了中国第一例成功的肝脏手术。2006年，荣获“国家最高科技奖”。
【详解】1.词汇积累
致力于：commit oneself to→be devoted to
此外：Moreover→In addition
被认为：(be) regarded as→(be) considered as
杰出的：brilliant→excellent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wu Mengchao, a great medical prefrssor in China, was born in Minqing, Fujian on 31 August 1922.
拓展句：Wu Mengchao, who is a great medical prefrssor in China, was born in Minqing, Fujian on 31 August 1922.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To the public, he is one of the greatest doctors in the world, regarded as the “father of hepatobiliary surgery in China”. (运用了过去分词作状语)
【高分句型2】On 22 May 2021, it was reported that Wu had passed away, and our whole country mourned the great loss of a brilliant doctor.(运用了that引导的主语从句，it是形式主语)
听力： 1-5 CABCA 6-10 BACBA 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BBCAB
2022-2023学年第一学期八县（市）一中期中联考
高中二年英语科试题
第一部分：听力（共两节；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will Mark do?
A. Cancel his vacation. B. Book a hotel room. C. Find a hostel.
2. What is the man dissatisfied with about the bag?
A. Its color. B. Its price. C. Its material.
3. When does Jessica usually work?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
4. Who is Susan?
A. A writer. B. An editor. C. A hairdresser.
5. What is the woman doing?
A. Expressing thanks. B. Asking for help. C. Making an invitation.
第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What time does Amy usually go to bed now?
A. At 10:00 pm. B. At 11:00 pm. C. At 1:00 am.
7. Why did Amy change her sleep habits?
A. She had to get up early.
B. She doesn’t feel well recently.
C. She wanted to become energetic.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9、10题。
8. What does Jim like doing?
A. Writing poems.
B. Reading books.
C. Doing outdoor activities.
9. What achievement has the woman got this year?
A. Publishing a poetry collection.
B. Winning $10,000 as a prize.
C. Starting Milkweed Editions.
10. Where are most probably the speakers?
A. At the woman’s house.
B. At a bookstore.
C. At a classroom.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where do the activities take place?
A. On a farm. B. Near the sea. C. In the mountains.
12. Why does the woman want to go to the camp?
A. It was given a top award.
B. It has some unique classes.
C. It offers various activities.
13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Brother and sister.
B. Husband and wife.
C. Fellow students.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. How old is Claudia now?
A. 19. B. 30. C. 49.
15. What do we know about Noriaki Kasai?
A. He competed in eight Olympic Games.
B. He comes from France.
C. He won eight golden medals.
16. How did Claudia feel about the competition result?
A. Surprised. B. Happy. C. Sad.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Why did the speaker apply to a law school?
A. She followed her parents’ advice.
B. She had to be practical.
C. She loved the law.
18. What did the speaker decide to do at the age of 33?
A. Go back to college.
B. Run her own business.
C. Start writing as a hobby.
19. What did the speaker do in order to make a living?
A. She taught people writing.
B. She gained new skills.
C. She wrote for websites.
20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. How to publish a book.
B. How to become a writer.
C. How to find one’s interest.
第二部分 阅读 (共两节 ,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The four theme parks below offer the most thrilling (刺激的) rides and attractions in the world.
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
Located (坐落) in Virginia, USA, this theme park has some of the highestrated thrill rides in the world. The park’s famous roller coasters include Apollo’s Chariot, Alpengeist, Griffon, the Loch Ness Monster and Verbolten. The park also has thrilling water rides, rides for kids, other rides, shows, tours, animal exhibits and more. Divided into nine areas representing European countries, the park has won an award for the quality of its food.
Everland
As one of the world’s most popular theme parks, Everland is located in Yongin, Gyeonggido Province, South Korea. The park has 40 thrill rides, including a worldfamous wooden roller coaster, and many other attractions such as an African hunting ride, a zoo, indoor and outdoor water parks, shows and more.
Blackpool Pleasure Beach
This Lancashire amusement park is one of the most visited theme parks in the United Kingdom. Among the park’s 125 rides and attractions are the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the UK, a classic wooden roller coaster, a steel tower ride, the biggest indoor dark ride in the world, a host of rides for kids and more.
Port Aventura World
Located on Spain’s Costa Daurada, this park is divided into six theme areas. Five areas represent different locations including Polynesia, Mexico, America, China and the Mediterranean. The sixth and newest area has a Sesame Street theme. The park has many rides and attractions suitable for visitors of all ages.
1. What did Busch Gardens Williamsburg win an award for?
A. The highest thrill rides.
B. Good quality of its food.
C. A Sesame Street theme area.
D. A host of thrilling water rides.
2. Which park will a visitor loving thrill and hunting rides probably choose?
A. Busch Gardens Williamsburg.
B. Everland.
C. Blackpool Pleasure Beach.
D. Port Aventura World.
3. What is unique to Blackpool Pleasure Beach?
A. It has a classic wooden roller coaster.
B. It has the fastest roller coaster in the world.
C. It has the biggest indoor dark ride in the world.
D. It has attractions suitable for visitors of all ages.
4. Where is the theme park including a China area located in?
A In Virginia. B. In Yongin.
C. In Lancashire. D. On Costa Daurada.
5. Where can you read the passage?
A. In a personal diary. B. In a science report.
C. In a travel magazine. D. In a geography book.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个能提供最激动人心的游乐设施和景点的主题公园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Busch Gardens Williamsburg”部分的“the park has won an award for the quality of its food.(这个公园因其食物的质量而获奖)”可知，Busch Gardens Williamsburg获得奖励是因为食物的质量，故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Everland”部分的“The park has 40 thrill rides, including a worldfamous wooden roller coaster, and many other attractions such as an African hunting ride, a zoo, indoor and outdoor water parks, shows and more.(该公园有40个惊险游乐设施，包括世界著名的木制过山车，以及许多其他景点，如非洲狩猎游乐设施、动物园、室内外水上公园、表演等)”可知，喜欢刺激和狩猎设施的游客可能会选择Everland，故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Blackpool Pleasure Beach”部分的“Among the park's 125 rides and attractions are the tallest and fastest roller coaster in the UK, a classic wooden roller coaster, a steel tower ride, the biggest indoor dark ride in the world, a host of rides for kids and more.(公园的125个游乐设施和景点包括英国最高、最快的过山车、经典的木制过山车、钢塔游乐设施、世界上最大的室内黑暗游乐设施、儿童游乐设施等)”可知，Blackpool Pleasure Beach的与众不同之处是它拥有世界上最大的室内黑暗之旅，故选C项。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Located on Spain's Costa Daurada, this park is divided into six theme areas.Five areas represent different locations including Polynesia, Mexico, America, China and the Mediterranean.(这个公园位于西班牙的达乌拉达海岸，分为六个主题区域。五个区域代表不同的地点，包括波利尼西亚、墨西哥、美国、中国和地中海)”可知，包括中国区在内的主题公园位于Costa Daurada，故选D项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The four theme parks below offer the most thrilling (刺激的) rides and attractions in the world.(下面的四个主题公园提供了世界上最激动人心的游乐设施和景点)”以及“Busch Gardens Williamsburg(威廉斯堡布希公园)”、“Everland(爱宝乐园)”、“Blackpool Pleasure Beach(黑池游乐海滩)”以及“Port Aventura World(冒险港世界)”可知本文主要介绍了四个主题公园，可推理出本文最有可能在旅游杂志上读到，故选C项。
B
Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, but it also causes pollution, wastes energy, and surprisingly wastes water. Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. To drink it, you can either get rid of the membrane (膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. It’s completely insipid so you needn’t worry about any taste.
It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials that are needed to produce Ooho. The price for an only bubble (泡状物) or a unit of bubbles hasn’t been decided yet, but it costs about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. The team has also been selling Ooho water bottles in London for the past six months.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.
6. How is most plastic in America dealt with?
A. It is wasted by people.
B. It is reused as new energy.
C. It is buried under the ground.
D. It is applied to new technology.
7. What does the underlined word “insipid” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Sweet. B. Delicious. C. Tasteless. D. Interesting.
8. What can we infer about the Ooho?
A. It plans to be sold at a very low price.
B. It has some advantages over plastic bottles.
C. It has taken the place of plastic bottles in London.
D. Proper materials of making Ooho are hard to find.
9. What’s the author’s attitude towards Ooho’s future?
A. Doubtful. B. Uninterested. C. Worried. D. Positive.
10. Who might be the target readers?
A. Scientists. B. Experts. C. Environmentalists. D. The public.
【答案】6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种叫做Ooho的水瓶，这种水瓶很方便，既可以喝也可以吃。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Only 23% of the plastic in America ends up in recycling bins, meaning over $1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. (在美国，只有23%的塑料最终进入回收箱，这意味着每年有价值超过10亿美元的塑料被当作垃圾处理)”可知，在美国大多数塑料被人们浪费掉了。故选A。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth.(要吃它，你只需要把整个瓶子放进嘴里)”和下文“so you needn’t worry about any taste.(所以你不必担心任何味道)”可知，这种水瓶可以吃，你不必担心任何味道，这是因为它偿起来没有味，由此可推知，划线单词“insipid”意为“无味的”，与C项“Tasteless.(没味的)”意思相近，故选C。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It’s a kind of convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunk or eaten. ( 这是一种方便，透明的水瓶，既可以喝，也可以吃)”和第三段中“It aims for large outdoor events where tons of plastic bottles are used and frequently left behind as litter. Too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for the purpose of such a new invention.(它的目标是那些使用成吨的塑料瓶，之后经常被当作垃圾丢弃的大型户外活动。太多的塑料肯定会对环境造成危害，这可以解释这种新发明的目的)”可推知，Ooho比普通塑料瓶有一些优点。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.(它正在迅速崛起，所以要留意这些瓶子的未来。)”可推知，作者认为Ooho在迅速发展，我们要关注它的发展，由此可推知，作者对Ooho的未来是持积极乐观的态度，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $1 million in only three days. It’s mostly being sold at events at the moment to interest the buyers while the production machine is getting up and running. It’s quickly making a rise, so keep an eye out for these bottles of the future.(Ooho吸引了很多人的注意，仅仅三天就筹集了超过100万美元。目前主要是在活动上出售，以吸引买家，同时生产机器正在启动和运行。它正在迅速崛起，所以要留意这些瓶子的未来)”可知，Ooho这种瓶子正在崛起中，需要公众的关注，由此可推知，这篇文章是写给大众看到，故选D。
C
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions —and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的)across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth.”
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
11. What does the discovery show about westerners?
A. They observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways.
B They have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions.
C. They pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth.
D. They consider facial expressions universally reliable.
12. What were the people asked to do in the study?
A. To observe the researchers’ faces. B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To make a face at each other. D. To classify some face pictures.
13. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A The participants in the study.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The data collected from the study.
D. The errors made during the study.
14. In comparison with Westerners, what are Easterners likely to do?
A. They study the mouth more frequently.
B. They examine the eyes more attentively.
C. They read facial expressions more correctly.
D. They do translation more successfully.
15. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
B. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
C. How to Increase Cross－cultural Understanding
D. The Eye as the Window to the Soul
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂他人的面部表情，西方人用整张脸来表达感情，而东方人更多地用眼睛而不是嘴巴。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect the mouth.(西方人看眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的，而东方人偏爱眼睛而忽视嘴巴。)”可知，西方人关注眼睛和嘴巴的程度是一样的，故选C。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.(研究人员通过记录13名西方高加索人和13名东亚人的眼球运动来研究面部表情识别方面的文化差异，同时他们观察了有表情的面部图片并将其分类：高兴、悲伤、惊讶、恐惧、厌恶、愤怒或中立。)”可知，在研究中，人们被要求将一些有表情的面部图片进行分类，故选D。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第六段中划线单词上“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(事实证明，东方人把更多的注意力集中在眼睛上，比西方人犯更多的错误。)”和划线单词所在句子““The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said.(“他们眼球运动的文化差异可能反映了面部表情的文化差异，”杰克说。)”可推知，they代指上文提到的的东方人和西方人，根据第三段中““We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. (杰克说:“我们的研究表明，东方人和西方人通过观察不同的面部特征来判断面部表情。”)”可知，参与这项研究有东方人和西方人。由此可知，they代指这项研究的参与者，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中“It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.(事实证明，东方人把更多的注意力集中在眼睛上，比西方人犯更多的错误。)”可知，与西方人相比，东方人可能会更专注于查看眼睛。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions － and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.(来自东亚的人比来自欧洲的人更难区分面部表情——《当代生物学》在线发表的一份新报告解释了其中的原因。)”和最后一段“In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.(简而言之，数据表明，面部表情并不是人类情感的普遍信号)”可知，文章主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难读懂他人的面部表情，西方人用整张脸来表达感情，而东方人更多地用眼睛而不是嘴巴，A项“面部表情文化差异”适合作文章标题，故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Jessica Nabongo longs to set foot in every nation. She started traveling at age four, along with her parents on family trips from Detroit, Michigan and completed her mission when she landed in the Seychelles, having visited 195 countries. ___16___ Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical(道德的) tourism .
Here she talks to us about her experience and tips for traveling better.
What inspires your adventures?
___17___ I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the world, even at home in the United States.
Did you ever experience any obstacles?
I don’t believe in failure. ___18___ Embarrassment isn’t a natural human personality, in my eyes－it comes from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I’d laugh at myself. I firmly believe that every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn.
___19___
My mother has always said “ humble(使谦逊) yourself.” I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with a lot of ego（自我）, or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.
What are some things people can do to travel more sustainably(可持续地)?
Single－use plastic is one of the biggest things harming Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that. ___20___ If you’ re in a restaurant and you don’ t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion. It’s about being a deliberate(慎重的) traveler, just taking that extra minute to think how I can have a lower impact on this place that I’ m in and on the planet in general.
A. But it’s not just about the country count.
B. I believe failure is the mother of success.
C. Curiosity－that’s what’s always inspired me.
D. What did you depend on during your travel?
E. And I don’t have the ability to be embarrassed.
F. What’s the best piece of advice you’ ve received?
G. But I also think it’s important to watch how much you waste.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。杰西卡·纳邦戈渴望踏足每一个国家，本文向我们讲述了她的经历和如何更好地旅行的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“having visited 195 countries(到访了195个国家)”以及下文“Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical(道德的) tourism(一路走来，她成为了一名作家、摄影师，也是包容性和道德旅游的热情倡导者)”可推理出此处上下文说的是她不仅到访国家的数量多，而且还做了许多其他的重要的事情，与A项“But it’s not just about the country count(但是重要的不仅仅是国家的数量)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the world, even at home in the United States(我强烈希望看到世界各地人们生活方式的差异和相似之处，甚至是在美国的家里)”可推理出此处上下文说的是她有很强的好奇心，与C项“Curiosity－that’s what’s always inspired me(好奇心：那是一直赋予我灵感的东西)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“Embarrassment isn’t a natural human personality, in my eyes－it comes from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I’d laugh at myself. I firmly believe that every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn(在我看来，尴尬不是人类天生的性格，它来自社会化。如果我在中央车站中间摔倒，我会自嘲。我坚信，你生命中的每一次失败都只是一次学习的机会)”可推理出此处上下文说的是Jessica Nabongo不相信失败并不感到尴尬，因为她认为失败是学习的机会，与E项“And I don’t have the ability to be embarrassed(我没有能力感到尴尬)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据下文“My mother has always said “ humble(使谦逊) yourself.” I appreciate it because when you travel, depending on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with a lot of ego（自我）, or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.( 我母亲一直说“谦卑自己”。我很感激，因为当你旅行时，取决于你的护照，取决于您的社会阶层，取决于许多不同的事情，你可以去一些有自我意识的地方，也可以谦卑自己，知道每个人都是平等的。)”可知此处上下文说的是母亲给她的最好的建议，与F项“What’s the best piece of advice you’ ve received?( 你收到的最好的建议是什么？)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据下文“If you’ re in a restaurant and you don’ t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion.(如果你在餐馆里，但你的胃口不大，就要半份)”可知此处上下文说的是不要浪费，与G项“But I also think it’s important to watch how much you waste(但我也认为重要的是要注意你浪费了多少)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。
Being in the right place at the right time can mean the difference between life and death. A ___21___ named Zhu Keming despite the bad weather pulled six runners to ___22___ in a 100-kilometer cross-country race in China’s Gansu Province.
The day of the race started with mild weather. Zhu was ___23___ his flock (羊群) as usual. Then in the space of a few moments, everything ___24___. As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land, Zhu took ___25___ in a small cave he’d been using for years to ___26___ emergency supplies.
It was from this point that Zhu ___27___ that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain. Zhu brought the man back to the cave to ___28___ him up. After lighting a fire, Zhu returned to the mountainside, ___29___ five additional runners to the cave. There’s little ___30___ that he finally saved their lives. ___31___ for the sudden change in the weather, most racers were wearing lightweight clothing that was no ___32___ for the coldness. The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.
“I want to say how ___33___ I am to the man who saved me,” runner Zhang Xiaotao posted on Sina Weibo. “Without him, I would have been ___34___ there.” While Zhu is being praised as a hero in his homeland, the ___35___ shepherd doesn’t see the reason for all the fuss. He says he’s just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing.
21. A. hiker B. shepherd C. hunter D. runner
22. A. challenges B. stages C. debate D. safety
23. A. tracking B. trapping C. tending D. hunting
24. A. existed B. improved C. worked D. changed
25. A. shelter B. notes C. charge D. chances
26. A. store B. discover C. create D. check
27. A. acknowledged B. explained C. evaluated D. noticed
28. A. cheer B. warm C. stand D. pick
29. A. guiding B. attracting C. welcoming D. following
30. A. contact B. evidence C. risk D. doubt
31. A. Unprepared B. Hungry C. Anxious D. Sorry
32. A. comparison B. cause C. match D. need
33. A. helpful B. grateful C. awful D. regretful
34. A. brought in B. taken in C. put out D. left out
35. A. patient B. humble C. generous D. honest
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。在我国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野遭遇极端天气，一位叫朱克铭的牧羊人冒着严寒将六位选手带到了安全地带。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野赛中，一位名叫朱克铭的牧羊人不顾恶劣的天气将六名选手拉到安全地带。A. hiker徐步旅行者；B. shepherd牧羊人；C. hunter猎人；D. runner跑步者。由下文“Zhu was________his flock (羊群) as usual.”可知，朱克铭是一名牧羊人，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野赛中，一位名叫朱克铭的牧羊人不顾恶劣的天气将六名选手拉到安全地带。A. challenges挑战；B. stages舞台；C. debate辩论；D. safety安全。根据下文“he finally saved their lives.”可知，朱克铭救了这几位选手的命，所以此处说把他们带到安全地方，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：朱和往常一样照料他的羊群。A. tracking跟踪；B. trapping使陷于；C. tending照顾，照料；D. hunting打猎。由下文“his flock (羊群) as usual”可知，朱克铭是一个牧羊人，这天他像往常一样在照料他的羊群，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后几分钟的时间，一切都改变了。A. existed存在；B. improved改善；C. worked工作；D. changed改变。由上文“The day of the race started with mild weather.”和下文“As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land,”可知，比赛当天天气温和，但是随后，气温迅速下降，冰冷的雨雪开始袭击大地，这说明天气突然变了，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着气温迅速下降，冰冷的雨雪开始侵袭大地，朱在一个小山洞里避难，这个山洞是他多年来用来储存应急物资的地方。A. shelter避难所；B. notes通知；C. charge要价，收费；D. chances机会。由上文“As the temperature dropped quickly and freezing rain and snow began to pound the land”可知，天气突然骤变，下起了雨雪，所以朱克铭在一个小山洞里避难，take shelter固定搭配，意为“寻求庇护；避难”，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着气温迅速下降，冰冷的雨雪开始侵袭大地，朱在一个小山洞里避难，这个山洞是他多年来用来储存应急物资的地方。A. store储存；B. discover发现；C. create制作；D. check检查。由下文“emergency supplies.”可知，这个小山洞是用来储存物资的，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是从这，朱注意到其中一个跑步者似乎迷失了方向，处于痛苦之中。A. acknowledged承认；B. explained解释；C. evaluated评估；D. noticed注意到。由下文“that one of the runners appeared disoriented (迷失方向的) and in pain.”和“Zhu brought the man back to the cave to”可知，朱克铭注意到一位跑步者迷路了，所以把他带到洞里，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：朱带男子回到洞穴为他取暖。A. cheer欢呼；B. warm使暖和；C. stand站；忍住；D. pick挑选。由下文“After lighting a fire”和上文提到的冰冷的雨雪开始侵袭大地，以及下文“The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.”可知，朱克铭将男子带回洞穴，生火给他取暖，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：生完火后，朱回到山腰，带领另外五名跑步者进入洞穴。A. guiding指导，带领；B attracting吸引；C. welcoming欢迎；D. following跟随。由下文“five additional runners to the cave.”可知，朱克铭带领其他五位选手进入洞穴，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，他最终救了他们的命。A. contact联系；B. evidence证据；C. risk冒险；D. doubt怀疑。由下文“that he finally saved their lives.”可知，毫无疑问，朱克铭救了这几位选手，there is little doubt that固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于对天气的突然变化毫无准备，大多数参赛者都穿着不能抵御寒冷的轻便衣服。A. Unprepared没有准备的；B. Hungry饥饿的；C. Anxious焦虑的；D. Sorry抱歉的。由下文“most racers were wearing lightweight clothing that was no___12___ for the coldness. The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.”可知，大多数参赛选手穿着轻便衣服，所以说他们对突然变冷的天气毫无准备，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于对天气的突然变化毫无准备，大多数参赛者都穿着不能抵御寒冷的轻便衣服。A. comparison比较；B. cause原因；C. match比赛；匹配；D. need需要。由上文“for the sudden change in the weather”和下文“The threat of hypothermia (体温过低) was all too real.”可知，大多数参赛者穿着单薄，无法抵御严寒，no match for固定搭配，意为“无法抵抗”，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：跑步运动员张晓涛在新浪的微博上写道:“我想说，我非常感谢那个救了我的人。”A. helpful有帮助的；B. grateful感恩的；C. awful可怕的；D. regretful后悔的。由下文“I am to the man who saved me”可知，对于救了自己生命的人应是感谢，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：没有他，我就会被遗留在那里。A. brought in引进；B. taken in吸收；C. put out熄灭；D. left out遗漏，忽视。由上文“Without him”和上文提到的朱克铭救了这几位选手可知，如果没有他的帮助，这几位选手就被遗留在那里，即死在山坡上，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当朱被誉为家乡的英雄时，这位谦虚的牧羊人却不明白为什么要如此大惊小怪。A. patient耐心的；B. humble谦虚的；C. generous大方的；D. honest诚实的。由下文“He says he’s just an ordinary person who did a very ordinary thing.”可知，朱克铭认为自己只是一个普通人做了一件很普通的事，由此可知，他很谦虚，故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For over a decade, Bill Gates has had a distinct focus on toilets. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge in 2011 in ___36___ effort to transform toilet technologies to manage human waste safely and effectively for the billions of people ___37___ (use) unsafe sanitation (卫生) facilities across the globe.
The ___38___ (late) project in this challenge comes from Samsung, ___39___ has created a toilet that uses no water and can turn human waste into ashes.
The research and development arm of Samsung Electronics presented the ___40___ (finish) core technologies and a “successfully developed and tested prototype(原型产品)” ___41___ Gates as part of a partnership between the two groups, according to a Samsung press release.
The three years of research and development from Samsung led to a prototype ___42___(true) good for household use and the development of components and modular technology with the goal of easy commercialization.
The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge ___43___ (remain) on a steady course since its start in 2011, including hosting Reinvented Toilet Expo ___44___ (event) over the years. “There are 4.5 billion people in the world without access to adequate sanitation systems,” Doulaye Koné, Gates Foundation deputy director of water, sanitation, and health, said in a past statement. “We need new science and new engineering ____45____ (solve) the problem.”
【答案】36. an 37. using
38. latest 39. which
40. finished
41. to 42. truly
43. has remained
44. events 45. to solve
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会于2011年发起了“重塑厕所挑战”的相关情况进行了简要介绍。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会于2011年发起了“重塑厕所挑战”，旨在转变厕所技术，为全球数十亿使用不安全卫生设施的人安全有效地管理人类排泄物。in an effort to do固定搭配，意为“试图做某事；为了做某事”，故填an。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填using。
【38题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这项挑战中的最新项目来自三星，该公司创造了一种不用水的厕所，可以将人类排泄物变成灰烬。根据下文“comes from Samsung(来自于三星)”以及“has created a toilet that uses no water and can turn human waste into ashes(创造了一种不用水的厕所，可以将人类排泄物变成灰烬)”可推理出此处上下文是要对三星推出的最新项目进行介绍，空白处应填形容词的最高级latest，表示“最新的”，故填latest。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构，这是一个包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词为Samsung，因空白处在定语从句中作主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据三星的一份新闻稿，作为两家集团合作的一部分，三星电子的研发部门向盖茨展示了完成的核心技术和“成功开发并测试的原型”。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语technologies之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填finished。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，present sth to sb为固定句型，含义为“向……展示……”，符合句意，故填to。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：三星经过三年的研发，开发出了一款真正适合家用的原型，并开发了组件和模块化技术，目标是易于商业化。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语修饰形容词good，使用副词，故填truly。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：厕所改造挑战赛自2011年开始以来一直稳步进行，包括多年来举办的改造厕所博览会活动。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语since its start in 2011可知谓语动词使用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词应用has，故填has remained。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。根据下文“over the years(多年以来)”可知空白处名次的数量不止一个，应使用名词的复数形式，故填events。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要新科学和新的工程来解决这个问题。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中不作谓语，应使用非谓语动词，因空白处表示的是目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to solve。
第四部分 课内知识(共三节 ,满分25分)
第一节(共7小题;每小题1分,满分7分)
根据语境，选择下框中的单词替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之意思一致。
apparently perceived distant prohibit constant splendid clarify
46. The absent-minded expression on her face suggested that she was not interested in the topic.
47. We must adapt to the new changes through our continuous learning.
48. When we reached the top of the hill, a grand view of the sea greeted us.
49. Diet and exercise are obviously important to our health.
50. Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against injustice.
51. Thank you for writing and allowing me to illustrate the current position.
52. The discovery was considered as a major breakthrough.
【答案】46. distant
47. constant
48. splendid
49. apparently
50. prohibit
51. clarify
52. perceived
【解析】
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她脸上心不在焉的表情表明她对这个话题不感兴趣。根据下文“she was not interested in the topic(她对这个话题不感兴趣)”可推理出划线词的含义为“心不在焉的”，选择框中distant，故答案为distant。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们必须通过不断学习来适应新的变化。根据上文“We must adapt to the new changes(我们必须适应新的变化)”以及下文“learning(学习)”可推理出划线词的含义应为“不断的”，选择框中constant，故答案为constant。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当我们到达山顶时，迎接我们的是大海的壮丽景色。根据上文“When we reached the top of the hill(当我们到达山顶时)”以及下文“view of the sea(大海的景色)”可推理出划线词的含义为“壮丽的”，选择框中splendid，故答案为splendid。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：饮食和锻炼显然对我们的健康很重要。根据上文“Diet and exercise(饮食和锻炼)”以及下文“important to our health(对我们的健康很重要)”可推理出划线词的含义应为“显而易见地”，选择框中apparently，故答案为apparently。
【50题详解】
考查动词。句意：没有什么能阻止他公开反对不公正。分析句子结构，划线词为动词，在句子中作谓语，因该词前面有情态动词，使用动词原形，根据上文“Nothing(没有什么)”以及下文“speaking out against injustice(公开反对不公正)”可推理出划线词的含义为“阻止”，选择框中动词prohibit，故答案为prohibit。
【51题详解】
考查动词。句意：感谢你的来信，并允许我说明目前的立场。分析句子结构，根据划线词前的动词不定式符号to可知此处为动词不定式作宾语，划线词为动词，根据下文“the current position(目前的立场)”可推理出划线词的含义应为“说明”，选择框中动词clarify，故答案为clarify。
【52题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：这一发现被认为是一个重大突破。分析句子结构，根据划线词前面的助动词was可知本句使用了一般过去时的被动语态，划线词为过去分词形式，根据上文“The discovery(这一发现)”以及下文“a major breakthrough(一个重大突破)”可推理出划线词的含义应为“被认为”，选择框中perceived，故答案为perceived。
第二节(共8小题;每小题1分,满分8分)
根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个为多余的单词或短语。
call on the instant stare at be banned from under no circumstances efficiency identical accompany by comparison be acknowledged as
53. Anna stood anxiously ____________ the pouring rain while Molly looked up at a pretty doll in the window.
54. She ____________________ the game after failing a drug test.
55. Professor Hawking _________________ one of the world’s greatest physicists.
56. ___________________ will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
57. Much to my surprise, she burst into tears ________________ she read the letter.
58 We _______________ to fight against pollution for our better life in the future.
59. __________________ by a great number of people, the president walked into the building.
60. The Internet is a very ________________ medium for spreading information.
【答案】53. staring at
54. was banned from
55. is acknowledged as
56. Under no circumstances
57. the instant
58. are called on
59. Accompanied
60. efficient
【解析】
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词短语。句意：安娜焦急地站在那里盯着瓢泼大雨，而莫莉则抬头看着橱窗里的一个漂亮娃娃。根据下文“while Molly looked up at a pretty doll in the window(而莫莉则抬头看着橱窗里的一个漂亮娃娃)”可知空白处应填表示“盯着”含义的动词短语。选择框中动词短语“stare at(盯着)”。分析句子结构，因空白处在句子中不作谓语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语Anna之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填staring at。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：她因药检不合格而被禁赛。根据下文“after failing a drug test(在药检不合格之后)”可推理出空白处应填表示“禁止”含义的表达，选择框中“be banned from(被禁止)”，根据句意，因句子表达的是一个发生在过去的动作，且主语为单数，故填was banned from。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：霍金教授被公认为世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。根据下文“one of the world’s greatest physicists(世界上最伟大的物理学家之一)”可推理出空白处应填表示“公认为……”含义的动词短语，选择框中“be acknowledged as(被公认为)”，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，且句子的主语为单数，故填is acknowledged as。
【56题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：中国绝不会率先使用核武器。根据下文“China(中国)”以及“the first to use nuclear weapons(率先使用核武器)”可推理出空白处应填表示“绝不”含义的介词短语，故填Under no circumstances。
【57题详解】
考查连词短语。句意：令我惊讶的是，她一读这封信就突然大哭。分析句子结构，这是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句，根据上文“she burst into tears(她突然大哭)”以及下文“she read the letter(她读这封信)”可推理出空白处应填表示“一……就……”含义的连词连接时间状语从句，选择框中“the instant(一……就……)”，故填the instant。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语、时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：我们被号召为我们未来更好的生活与污染作斗争。根据下文“fight against pollution for our better life in the future(为我们未来更好的生活与污染作斗争)”可推理出空白处应填表示“被号召”含义的动词短语，选择框中“call on(号召)”，因空白处在句子中作谓语且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因句子表达的是一种客观情况且主语为复数，故填are called on。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多人的陪同下，总统走进了大楼。根据下文“by a great number of people, the president walked into the building(在许多人的……下，总统走进了大楼)”可推理出空白处应填表示“陪同”含义词，选择框中“accompany(陪同)”。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语the president之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填Accompanied。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：互联网是传播信息的一种非常有效的媒介。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语表示属性，使用形容词，根据上文“The Internet(网络)”以及下文“medium for spreading information(传播信息的媒介)”可推理出空白处应填表示“有效的”含义的形容词，选择框中efficient，故填efficient。
第三节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
翻译。81-83题按括号中的要求进行汉译英,84-85题进行英译汉。
61. 无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返。(whichever, appeal) (汉译英)
【答案】Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you!
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句、there be句型、形容词、名词短语、定语从句、动词短语。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句可用Whichever and whatever引导的让步状语从句，Whichever and whatever在从句中作动词like的宾语，构成Whichever and whatever you like“无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么”；在主句中，根据句意以及句子结构可知，可以为there be…句型。在该句型中，表示“奇妙无比的”为形容词incredible；表示“主题公园”为theme park；其中表示“让你流连忘返”可以为that引导的定语从句that will appeal to you，修饰theme park，appeal to意为“对……产生吸引力”。故翻译为：Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you。
62. 在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其含义解读为“零”。 （-ing 作定语，interpret）（汉译英）
【答案】In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.
【解析】
【详解】考查-ing 作定语、固定句型。表示“在法国”含义的表达为In France；表示“看到；遇见”含义的动词为encounter；表示“同一个手势”含义的表达为an identical gesture，表示“人”含义的词为person，因“看到同一个手势的”在句子中作定语修饰person，且两者之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用-ing 作定语，所以“看到同一个手势的人”翻译为a person encountering an identical gesture；表示“可能”含义的情态动词为may；表示“将……解读为……”含义的表达为interpret sth as；表示“含义为”含义的词为mean，因该词在句子中做宾语，所以使用动名词形式；表示“零”含义的词为zero；因情态动词后跟动词原形，主句谓语动词使用原形， 故翻译为In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.
63. 置身于这般美丽的荒原，我感到活着是如此的幸福。(v-ing作主语)（汉译英）
【答案】Staying in such a beautiful wilderness makes me feel so happy to be alive.
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词，时态和主谓一致。分析可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“置身于”是stay in，用动名词作主语，“这般美丽的荒原”是such a beautiful wilderness，“我感到活着是如此的幸福”是make me feel so happy to be alive，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，因此整个句子翻译为 “Staying in such a beautiful wilderness makes me feel so happy to be alive”。故答案为Staying in such a beautiful wilderness makes me feel so happy to be alive。
64. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes.（英译汉）
【答案】这些新近的革新中有许多已经唾手可得，并且正在一些住宅中使用。
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和时态语态。“Many of these new innovations”为主语，翻译为“这些新近的革新中的许多”，“already”副词，翻译为“已经”，“available”为形容词作表语，翻译为“唾手可得”，and前后连接并列谓语，and后面省略了are，即此处是are being used，为现在进行时的被动语态，翻译为“正在被使用”，“in some homes”翻译为“在一些住宅中”，故整句翻译为：这些新近的革新中有许多已经唾手可得，并且正在一些住宅中使用。
65. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. (英译汉）
【答案】爱因斯坦不仅是个天才；他是一个勇敢善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词短语作后置定语、形容词。分析句子结构，句子使用了一般过去时，“Einstein”为人名，汉语含义为“爱因斯坦”；“not only”含义为“不仅”；“genius”含义为“天才”；“courageous”含义为“勇敢的”；“kind”含义为“善良的”；“figure”含义为“人”；“loved by many people”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词figure，故翻译为：爱因斯坦不仅是个天才；他是一个勇敢善良的人，受到许多人的喜爱。
第五部分 写作(满分 25分)
66. 请你用英文写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，介绍“中国肝胆外科之父”吴孟超，要点包括：
1. 人物简介。
2. 主要成就： 1960年，完成了中国第一例成功的肝脏手术。2006年，荣获“国家最高科技奖”。
3. 人物评价。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文逻辑通顺，内容丰富。参考词汇：肝胆外科 hepatobiliary surgery
国家最高科技奖National Top Science and Technology Award
（1922-2021，福建闽清）
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Wu Mengchao, a great medical prefrssor in China, was born in Minqing, Fujian on 31 August 1922.
During his lifetime, he committed himself to the medical career of China, and made huge contributions to the development of China’s hepatobiliary surgery. He translated the first Chinese version of the liver surgery book in 1958, made the first complete vascular model of human liver in 1959, and performed the first successful liver surgery of China in 1960. Moreover, in 2006, he won the National Top Science and Technology Award and devoted all of the money to scientific research and talent training.
To the public, he is one of the greatest doctors in the world, regarded as the “father of hepatobiliary surgery in China”. On 22 May 2021, it was reported that Wu had passed away, and our whole country mourned the great loss of a brilliant doctor.
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。请你用英文写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，介绍“中国肝胆外科之父”吴孟超，要点包括： 人物简介；主要成就： 1960年，完成了中国第一例成功的肝脏手术。2006年，荣获“国家最高科技奖”。
【详解】1.词汇积累
致力于：commit oneself to→be devoted to
此外：Moreover→In addition
被认为：(be) regarded as→(be) considered as
杰出的：brilliant→excellent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wu Mengchao, a great medical prefrssor in China, was born in Minqing, Fujian on 31 August 1922.
拓展句：Wu Mengchao, who is a great medical prefrssor in China, was born in Minqing, Fujian on 31 August 1922.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To the public, he is one of the greatest doctors in the world, regarded as the “father of hepatobiliary surgery in China”. (运用了过去分词作状语)
【高分句型2】On 22 May 2021, it was reported that Wu had passed away, and our whole country mourned the great loss of a brilliant doctor.(运用了that引导的主语从句，it是形式主语)
听力： 1-5 CABCA 6-10 BACBA 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BBCAB
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